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Cohen R, Ray GE, Deptula DP, Lubin AH. The social contexts of behaviors and relationships: The relation of classroom and cyber victimization to number of classroom and cyber friends. J Exp Child Psychol 2024; 242:105887. [PMID: 38430870 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2024.105887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Behaviors and relationships exist within a variety of social contexts. More specifically for the current research, victimization and friendships occur in classrooms and, increasingly, in online virtual contexts. The current research examined how the number of classroom friends and number of cyber friends related to the extent of classroom victimization and extent of cyber victimization. Research has demonstrated the importance of face-to-face friendships in relation to being a victim; much less is known about the role of cyber friends in relation to being a cyber victim or how these relationships may play a role in cross-context victimization. Participants were 350 children from Grades 3 through 5 (188 girls and 162 boys). Children indicated classroom friends on a classroom roster, reported the number of their cyber friends, and indicated the extent of their cyber victimization. Peers nominated classmates for classroom victimization behaviors. A path analysis revealed that number of classroom friends was negatively associated with both extent of classroom victimization and extent of cyber victimization. Number of cyber friends was positively associated with extent of cyber victimization and was negatively related to extent of classroom victimization. Discussion of results includes the construction, use, and adaptation of social skills within and between social contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Cohen
- Department of Psychology, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA.
| | - Glen E Ray
- Department of Psychology, Auburn University at Montgomery, Montgomery, AL 36117, USA
| | - Daneen P Deptula
- Department of Psychological Science, Fitchburg State University, Fitchburg, MA 01420, USA
| | - Ava H Lubin
- College of Charleston, Charleston, SC 29424, USA
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Yarbrough ER, Cohen R, Deptula DP, Ray GE, Ankney RL. A Short-Term Longitudinal Examination of the Relation of Forms of Antipathy Relationships to Children's Loneliness, Peer Optimism, and Peer Sociability Behaviors. J Genet Psychol 2024:1-18. [PMID: 38247275 DOI: 10.1080/00221325.2024.2302813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Researchers have focused on children's friendship relationships more than antipathy (disliking) relationships. The present one-year longitudinal research examined the relation of different forms of antipathy nominations (Mutual, Unilateral Given, Unilateral Received) to children's social competence (self-reports of loneliness and peer optimism, classroom peer nominations for sociability behaviors) for 121 third and fourth graders (fourth and fifth graders in Year 2). From path analyses, the pattern between forms of antipathy relationships to the measures of social competence was identical for concurrent findings at Time 1 and between forms of antipathy relationships and the measures of social competence one year later. Higher numbers of Mutual Antipathies and higher numbers of Unilateral Received Antipathies were related to greater loneliness and fewer peer nominations for sociability behaviors. In addition, higher numbers of Unilateral Received Antipathies were related to less peer optimism. Interestingly, numbers of Unilateral Given Antipathies were not significantly related to any of the social competence measures at Time 1 or one year later. These findings suggest that dislike relationships, whether mutual or unilateral received, may have important negative associations for children's concurrent and later social competence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Glen E Ray
- Department of Psychology, Auburn University Montgomery
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Ray GE, Washington R, Cohen R, Hsueh Y, Zhou Z. The Relation of Reciprocated and Nonreciprocated Friendship Nominations to Peer Social Competence for Chinese Elementary School Children. J Genet Psychol 2018; 179:385-398. [PMID: 30526406 DOI: 10.1080/00221325.2018.1532954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The authors examined associations between different forms of children's friendship nomination reciprocity (mutual, unilateral given, unilateral received) and other measures of children's peer social competence (liking, loneliness, overt aggression, perceived popularity) for 501 Chinese third- to sixth-grade students. Using a multigroup path analysis (with gender as group), for both boys and girls, all three forms of friendship nominations were negatively related to self-reported loneliness. Mutual friendship nominations and unilateral received friendship nominations were positively related to peer nominations for liking and to peer nominations of perceived popularity. The path between unilateral received friendship nominations and perceived popularity was higher for boys than for girls. Also, for boys only, mutual friendship nominations and unilateral received friendship nominations were each negatively related to peer nominations of overt aggression. These patterns are somewhat different from research examining the association of forms of friendships to peer social competence for children in Western cultures. Findings are discussed in terms of the importance of the relation of different forms of friendship nominations to children's peer social competence as well as the broad association of culture for these relations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glen E Ray
- a Department of Psychology , Auburn University at Montgomery , Montgomery , Alabama , USA
| | - Robert Washington
- b Department of Psychology , University of Memphis , Memphis , Tennessee , USA
| | - Robert Cohen
- b Department of Psychology , University of Memphis , Memphis , Tennessee , USA
| | - Yeh Hsueh
- c Department of Counseling, Educational Psychology, and Research , University of Memphis , Memphis , Tennessee , USA
| | - Zongkui Zhou
- d Key Laboratory of Adolescent CyberPsychology and Behavior , Central China Normal University , Wuhan , China
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the most frequent administration, clerical, and scoring errors made by graduate student examiners who administer the WIS-III. An additional goal was to document the effect of these errors on the IQ values and Index Scores. The graduate students' test protocols contained numerous administration, clerical, and scoring errors that influenced Full Scale IQs on two thirds of the protocols (average change was .83 points). When failure to record errors (failing to record responses on the test protocol) were omitted from the analysis, the subtests found most prone to error were Comprehension, Vocabulary and Similarities. Additionally, no improvement in test administration occurred over the course of several test administrations. Findings of this study have implications for the education and training of psychology graduate students enrolled in intelligence testing courses.
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Abstract
This study examined peer relationships (sociometric status and friendship) of institutionalized juvenile males ages 12 to 18. Results replicated previous studies using “normal” nondelinquent samples demonstrating that sociometrically popular status juveniles were evaluated higher on sociability and leadership than were average- or rejected-status juveniles. Furthermore, rejected-status juveniles were evaluated as being more aggressive and more actively isolated than were popular- or average-status juveniles. Investigating the relationship between friendship networks (perceived and reciprocated) and social status revealed no differences. However, differences in relationship quality as a function of sociometric status emerged with rejected-status juveniles evaluating their best-friend relationship as being more caring, intimate, exclusive, and less conflict ridden than popular or average-status juveniles’ evaluations of their best-friend relationships. Findings replicate and extend previous research investigating children’s peer relationships. Implications for future research into the juvenile’s understanding of peer relationships are discussed.
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Huo N, Ray GE, Mehta S, LoBello SG. Complementary and alternative medicine use among people with asthma and health-related quality of life. J Asthma 2014; 52:308-13. [PMID: 25203936 DOI: 10.3109/02770903.2014.963867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the relationship between complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use and self-reported health-related quality of life among people with asthma. METHOD Data from the 2010 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey and the 2010 Asthma Callback Survey (ACBS) were used. Survey respondents were men and women with asthma who were 18-99 years of age who responded to both surveys. RESULTS CAM use was associated with an increase in the number of days of poor mental health (OR = 1.02, 95% CI 1.02, 1.03) and poor physical health (OR = 1.02, 95% CI 1.01, 1.02). The odds ratios are adjusted for covariates such as asthma severity, age, sex, race/ethnicity, income, and educational attainment. CAM users report more days of poor mental health (7.2 versus 4.6) and poor physical health (9.6 versus 6.5) compared with those not using CAM therapies. CONCLUSIONS Contrary to the hypotheses, CAM use is associated with poorer health-related quality of life. Implications for research and practice are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Huo
- Department of Psychology, Auburn University Montgomery , Montgomery, AL , USA
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McChristian CL, Ray GE, Tidwell PS, LoBello SG. Classroom friends and very best friends: a short-term longitudinal analysis of relationship quality. J Genet Psychol 2012; 173:463-9. [PMID: 23264995 DOI: 10.1080/00221325.2011.626000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Second-, third-, fifth-, and sixth-grade children evaluated relationship qualities of a self-nominated friend and a self-nominated very best friend over a 6-month school year period. Results demonstrated that 76% of the friend relationships and 50% of the very best friend relationships were maintained over the course of the study. Children in maintained friendships evaluated their relationships more positively and also reported having larger friendship networks in general compared with children whose friendships did not endure over time. Thus those with unstable relationships are having difficulty initiating new friendships as well. For very best friends, positive relationship qualities (e.g., caring) did not change over time for children in maintained relationships, while positive relationship qualities decreased over time for children in nonmaintained relationships. Further, no differences emerged between children in maintained and nonmaintained very best friendships on perceptions of negative relationship qualities (e.g., conflict).
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Linger ML, Ray GE, Zachar P, Underhill AT, LoBello SG. Decreasing scoring errors on Wechsler Scale Vocabulary, Comprehension, and Similarities subtests: a preliminary study. Psychol Rep 2008; 101:661-9. [PMID: 18175510 DOI: 10.2466/pr0.101.2.661-669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Studies of graduate students learning to administer the Wechsler scales have generally shown that training is not associated with the development of scoring proficiency. Many studies report on the reduction of aggregated administration and scoring errors, a strategy that does not highlight the reduction of errors on subtests identified as most prone to error. This study evaluated the development of scoring proficiency specifically on the Wechsler (WISC-IV and WAIS-III) Vocabulary, Comprehension, and Similarities subtests during training by comparing a set of 'early test administrations' to 'later test administrations.' Twelve graduate students enrolled in an intelligence-testing course participated in the study. Scoring errors (e.g., incorrect point assignment) were evaluated on the students' actual practice administration test protocols. Errors on all three subtests declined significantly when scoring errors on 'early' sets of Wechsler scales were compared to those made on 'later' sets. However, correcting these subtest scoring errors did not cause significant changes in subtest scaled scores. Implications for clinical instruction and future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele L Linger
- Department of Psychology, Auburn University, P.O. Box 244023, Montgomery, AL 36124-4023, USA
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Platt TL, Zachar P, Ray GE, Lobello SG, Underhill AT. Does Wechsler Intelligence Scale administration and scoring proficiency improve during assessment training? Psychol Rep 2007; 100:547-55. [PMID: 17564231 DOI: 10.2466/pr0.100.2.547-555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Studies have found that Wechsler scale administration and scoring proficiency is not easily attained during graduate training. These findings may be related to methodological issues. Using a single-group repeated measures design, this study documents statistically significant, though modest, error reduction on the WAIS-III and WISC-III during a graduate course in assessment. The study design does not permit the isolation of training factors related to error reduction, or assessment of whether error reduction is a function of mere practice. However, the results do indicate that previous study findings of no or inconsistent improvement in scoring proficiency may have been the result of methodological factors. Implications for teaching individual intelligence testing and further research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyson L Platt
- Department of Psychology, Auburn University Montgomery, P.O. Box 244023, Montgomery, AL 36124-4023, USA
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Ray GE, Norman M, Sadowski CJ, Cohen R. The Role of Evaluator-Victim Relationships in Children's Evaluations of Peer Provocation. Social Development 2001. [DOI: 10.1111/1467-9507.00102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Alessi MW, White Ray J, Ray GE, Stewart SJ. Personality and psychopathology profiles of veterans' wives: measuring distress using the MMPI-2. J Clin Psychol 2001; 57:1535-42. [PMID: 11745594 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.1115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The present study compared personality and psychopathology profiles of veterans' wives against married women in the MMPI-2 restandardization sample. Differences in levels of distress and pathology were analyzed using the validity, clinical, and content scales of the MMPI-2. As expected, veterans' wives, when compared to restandardization wives, reported higher levels of psychopathology and distress, with symptoms such as depression, social maladjustment, and other negative, internal symptomatic behaviors. Findings are discussed in terms of the need for additional research examining this "at-risk" population.
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Sell MA, Cohen R, Graesser AC, Duncan MK, Ray GE, MacDonald CD, Crain M. The form and function of speech act exchanges in children's dyadic interactions. Discourse Processes 1994. [DOI: 10.1080/01638539409544887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Ray GE. Mr or dr? J R Soc Med 1994; 87:245-246. [PMID: 20894912 PMCID: PMC1294459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
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Pierce KA, Duncan MK, Gholson B, Ray GE, et al. Cognitive load, schema acquisition, and procedural adaptation in nonisomorphic analogical transfer. Journal of Educational Psychology 1993. [DOI: 10.1037/0022-0663.85.1.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Ray GE. The classification and use of precision attachments. Dent Pract Dent Rec 1968; 18:173-175. [PMID: 19743549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
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