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Albinger-Hegyi A, Stoeckli SJ, Schmid S, Storz M, Iotzova G, Probst-Hensch NM, Rehrauer H, Tinguely M, Moch H, Hegyi I. Lysyl oxidase expression is an independent marker of prognosis and a predictor of lymph node metastasis in oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Int J Cancer 2010; 126:2653-62. [PMID: 19816945 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.24948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Proteins of the lysyl oxidase (LOX) family are important modulators of the extracellular matrix. However, they have an important role in the tumour development as well as in tumour progression. To evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic value of the LOX protein in oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) we performed QRT-PCR and immunohistochemical analysis on two tissue microarrays (622 tissue samples in total). Significantly higher LOX expression was detected in high grade dysplastic oral mucosa as well as in OSCC when compared to normal oral mucosa (P < 0.001). High LOX expression was correlated with clinical TNM stage (P = 0.020), lymph node metastases for the entire cohort (P < 0.001), as well as in the subgroup of small primary tumours (T1/T2, P < 0.001). Moreover, high LOX expression was correlated with poor overall survival (P = 0.004) and disease specific survival (P = 0.037). In a multivariate analysis, high LOX expression was an independent prognostic factor, predicting unfavourable overall survival. In summary, LOX expression is an independent prognostic biomarker and a predictor of lymph node metastasis in OSCC. Moreover, LOX overexpression may be an early phenomenon in the pathogenesis of OSCC and thus an attractive novel target for chemopreventive and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Albinger-Hegyi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Sarek G, Kurki S, Enbäck J, Iotzova G, Haas J, Laakkonen P, Laiho M, Ojala PM. Reactivation of the p53 pathway as a treatment modality for KSHV-induced lymphomas. J Clin Invest 2007; 117:1019-28. [PMID: 17364023 PMCID: PMC1810577 DOI: 10.1172/jci30945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2006] [Accepted: 01/23/2007] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV) is the etiologic agent for primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), a non-Hodgkin type lymphoma manifesting as an effusion malignancy in the affected individual. Although KSHV has been recognized as a tumor virus for over a decade, the pathways for its tumorigenic conversion are incompletely understood, which has greatly hampered the development of efficient therapies for KSHV-induced malignancies like PEL and Kaposi's sarcoma. There are no current therapies effective against the aggressive, KSHV-induced PEL. Here we demonstrate that activation of the p53 pathway using murine double minute 2 (MDM2) inhibitor Nutlin-3a conveyed specific and highly potent activation of PEL cell killing. Our results demonstrated that the KSHV latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA) bound to both p53 and MDM2 and that the MDM2 inhibitor Nutlin-3a disrupted the p53-MDM2-LANA complex and selectively induced massive apoptosis in PEL cells. Together with our results indicating that KSHV-infection activated DNA damage signaling, these findings contribute to the specificity of the cytotoxic effects of Nutlin-3a in KSHV-infected cells. Moreover, we showed that Nutlin-3a had striking antitumor activity in vivo in a mouse xenograft model. Our results therefore present new options for exploiting reactivation of p53 as what we believe to be a novel and highly selective treatment modality for this virally induced lymphoma.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Cycle/drug effects
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- DNA Damage
- DNA, Neoplasm/drug effects
- DNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Genes, p53
- Herpesvirus 4, Human/pathogenicity
- Herpesvirus 4, Human/physiology
- Herpesvirus 8, Human/pathogenicity
- Herpesvirus 8, Human/physiology
- Humans
- Imidazoles/pharmacology
- Lymphoma/genetics
- Lymphoma/virology
- Mice
- Piperazines/pharmacology
- Sarcoma, Kaposi/genetics
- Sarcoma, Kaposi/virology
- Transplantation, Heterologous
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics
- Virus Latency
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Sarek
- Genome-Scale Biology Program, Biomedicum Helsinki, Institute of Biomedicine,
Molecular and Cancer Biology Program, Biomedicum Helsinki, Institute of Biomedicine, and
Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Max von Pettenkofer Institut LMU-München, Munich, Germany and School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Sari Kurki
- Genome-Scale Biology Program, Biomedicum Helsinki, Institute of Biomedicine,
Molecular and Cancer Biology Program, Biomedicum Helsinki, Institute of Biomedicine, and
Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Max von Pettenkofer Institut LMU-München, Munich, Germany and School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Juulia Enbäck
- Genome-Scale Biology Program, Biomedicum Helsinki, Institute of Biomedicine,
Molecular and Cancer Biology Program, Biomedicum Helsinki, Institute of Biomedicine, and
Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Max von Pettenkofer Institut LMU-München, Munich, Germany and School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Guergana Iotzova
- Genome-Scale Biology Program, Biomedicum Helsinki, Institute of Biomedicine,
Molecular and Cancer Biology Program, Biomedicum Helsinki, Institute of Biomedicine, and
Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Max von Pettenkofer Institut LMU-München, Munich, Germany and School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Juergen Haas
- Genome-Scale Biology Program, Biomedicum Helsinki, Institute of Biomedicine,
Molecular and Cancer Biology Program, Biomedicum Helsinki, Institute of Biomedicine, and
Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Max von Pettenkofer Institut LMU-München, Munich, Germany and School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Pirjo Laakkonen
- Genome-Scale Biology Program, Biomedicum Helsinki, Institute of Biomedicine,
Molecular and Cancer Biology Program, Biomedicum Helsinki, Institute of Biomedicine, and
Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Max von Pettenkofer Institut LMU-München, Munich, Germany and School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Marikki Laiho
- Genome-Scale Biology Program, Biomedicum Helsinki, Institute of Biomedicine,
Molecular and Cancer Biology Program, Biomedicum Helsinki, Institute of Biomedicine, and
Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Max von Pettenkofer Institut LMU-München, Munich, Germany and School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Päivi M. Ojala
- Genome-Scale Biology Program, Biomedicum Helsinki, Institute of Biomedicine,
Molecular and Cancer Biology Program, Biomedicum Helsinki, Institute of Biomedicine, and
Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Max von Pettenkofer Institut LMU-München, Munich, Germany and School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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