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Beron JC, Solovey G, Ferrelli IA, Pedreira ME, Fernández RS. Large environmental changes reduce valence-dependent belief updating. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10429. [PMID: 38714776 PMCID: PMC11076288 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61207-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/10/2024] Open
Abstract
When updating beliefs, humans tend to integrate more desirable information than undesirable information. In stable environments (low uncertainty and high predictability), this asymmetry favors motivation towards action and perceived self-efficacy. However, in changing environments (high uncertainty and low predictability), this process can lead to risk underestimation and increase unwanted costs. Here, we examine how people (n = 388) integrate threatening information during an abrupt environmental change (mandatory quarantine during the COVID-19 pandemic). Given that anxiety levels are associated with the magnitude of the updating belief asymmetry; we explore its relationship during this particular context. We report a significant reduction in asymmetrical belief updating during a large environmental change as individuals integrated desirable and undesirable information to the same extent. Moreover, this result was supported by computational modeling of the belief update task. However, we found that the reduction in asymmetrical belief updating was not homogeneous among people with different levels of Trait-anxiety. Individuals with higher levels of Trait-anxiety maintained a valence-dependent updating, as it occurs in stable environments. On the other hand, updating behavior was not associated with acute anxiety (State-Anxiety), health concerns (Health-Anxiety), or having positive expectations (Trait-Optimism). These results suggest that highly uncertain environments can generate adaptive changes in information integration. At the same time, it reveals the vulnerabilities of individuals with higher levels of anxiety to adapt the way they learn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Cruz Beron
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIByNE)-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guillermo Solovey
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Cálculo, UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ignacio A Ferrelli
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIByNE)-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María E Pedreira
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIByNE)-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rodrigo S Fernández
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIByNE)-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia de la Memoria, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires IFIByNE, CONICET, Ciudad Universitaria (C1428EHA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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2
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Espina Mairal S, Bustos F, Solovey G, Navajas J. Interactive crowdsourcing to fact-check politicians. J Exp Psychol Appl 2024; 30:3-15. [PMID: 37650793 DOI: 10.1037/xap0000492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The discourse of political leaders often contains false information that can misguide the public. Fact-checking agencies around the world try to reduce the negative influence of politicians by verifying their words. However, these agencies face a problem of scalability and require innovative solutions to deal with their growing amount of work. While the previous studies have shown that crowdsourcing is a promising approach to fact-check news in a scalable manner, it remains unclear whether crowdsourced judgements are useful to verify the speech of politicians. This article fills that gap by studying the effect of social influence on the accuracy of collective judgements about the veracity of political speech. In this work, we performed two experiments (Study 1: N = 180; Study 2: N = 240) where participants judged the veracity of 20 politically balanced phrases. Then, they were exposed to social information from politically homogeneous or heterogeneous participants. Finally, they provided revised individual judgements. We found that only heterogeneous social influence increased the accuracy of participants compared to a control condition. Overall, our results uncover the effect of social influence on the accuracy of collective judgements about the veracity of political speech and show how interactive crowdsourcing strategies can help fact-checking agencies. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Guillermo Solovey
- Instituto de Calculo, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas
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3
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Perez Santangelo A, Solovey G. Author Correction: Understanding belief in political statements using a model-driven experimental approach: a registered report. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2012. [PMID: 38263424 PMCID: PMC10805889 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52467-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Agustín Perez Santangelo
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Computación, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia, CONICET, Universidad Torcuato Di Tella, C1428BIJ, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Guillermo Solovey
- Instituto de CálculoFacultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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4
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Perez Santangelo A, Solovey G. Understanding belief in political statements using a model-driven experimental approach: a registered report. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21205. [PMID: 38040761 PMCID: PMC10692149 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47939-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Misinformation harms society by affecting citizens' beliefs and behaviour. Recent research has shown that partisanship and cognitive reflection (i.e. engaging in analytical thinking) play key roles in the acceptance of misinformation. However, the relative importance of these factors remains a topic of ongoing debate. In this registered study, we tested four hypotheses on the relationship between each factor and the belief in statements made by Argentine politicians. Participants (N = 1353) classified fact-checked political statements as true or false, completed a cognitive reflection test, and reported their voting preferences. Using Signal Detection Theory and Bayesian modeling, we found a reliable positive association between political concordance and overall belief in a statement (median = 0.663, CI95 = [0.640, 0.685]), a reliable positive association between cognitive reflection and scepticism (median = 0.039, CI95 = [0.006, 0.072]), a positive but unreliable association between cognitive reflection and truth discernment (median = 0.016, CI95 = [- 0.015, 0.046]) and a negative but unreliable association between cognitive reflection and partisan bias (median = - 0.016, CI95 = [- 0.037, 0.006]). Our results highlight the need to further investigate the relationship between cognitive reflection and partisanship in different contexts and formats. PROTOCOL REGISTRATION: The stage 1 protocol for this Registered Report was accepted in principle on 22 August 2022. The protocol, as accepted by the journal, can be found at: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/EBRGC .
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustín Perez Santangelo
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Computación, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia, CONICET, Universidad Torcuato Di Tella, C1428BIJ, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Guillermo Solovey
- Instituto de CálculoFacultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Comay NA, Della Bella G, Lamberti P, Sigman M, Solovey G, Barttfeld P. The presence of irrelevant alternatives paradoxically increases confidence in perceptual decisions. Cognition 2023; 234:105377. [PMID: 36680974 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2023.105377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Confidence in perceptual decisions is thought to reflect the probability of being correct. According to this view, confidence should be unaffected or minimally reduced by the presence of irrelevant alternatives. To test this prediction, we designed five experiments. In Experiment 1, participants had to identify the largest geometrical shape among two or three alternatives. In the three-alternative condition, one of the shapes was much smaller than the other two, being a clearly incorrect option. Counter-intuitively, confidence was higher when the irrelevant alternative was present, evidencing that confidence construction is more complex than previously thought. Four computational models were tested, only one of them accounting for the results. This model predicts that confidence increases monotonically with the number of irrelevant alternatives, a prediction we tested in Experiment 2. In Experiment 3, we evaluated whether this effect replicated in a categorical task, but we did not find supporting evidence. Experiments 4 and 5 allowed us to discard stimuli presentation time as a factor driving the effect. Our findings suggest that confidence models cannot ignore the effect of multiple, possibly irrelevant alternatives to build a thorough understanding of confidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás A Comay
- Cognitive Science Group. Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas (IIPsi), CONICET-UNC, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Boulevard de la Reforma esquina Enfermera Gordillo, CP 5000 Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Gabriel Della Bella
- Cognitive Science Group. Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas (IIPsi), CONICET-UNC, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Boulevard de la Reforma esquina Enfermera Gordillo, CP 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Pedro Lamberti
- Facultad de Matemática, Astronomía, Física y Computación, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Mariano Sigman
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia, Universidad Torcuato Di Tella, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Facultad de Lenguas y Educación, Universidad Nebrija, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Solovey
- Instituto de Cálculo, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo Barttfeld
- Cognitive Science Group. Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas (IIPsi), CONICET-UNC, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Boulevard de la Reforma esquina Enfermera Gordillo, CP 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
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Embon I, Cukier S, Iorio A, Barttfeld P, Solovey G. Is visual metacognition associated with autistic traits? A regression analysis shows no link between visual metacognition and Autism-Spectrum Quotient scores. Conscious Cogn 2023; 110:103502. [PMID: 36934669 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2023.103502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
Metacognition -the human ability to recognize correct decisions- is a key cognitive process linked to learning and development. Several recent studies investigated the relationship between metacognition and autism. However, the evidence is still inconsistent. While some studies reported autistic people having lower levels of metacognitive sensitivity, others did not. Leveraging the fact that autistic traits are present in the general population, our study investigated the relationship between visual metacognition and autistic traits in a sample of 360 neurotypical participants. We measured metacognition as the correspondence between confidence and accuracy in a visual two alternative forced choice task. Autistic-traits were assessed through the Autism-spectrum Quotient (AQ) score. A regression analysis revealed no statistically significant association between autistic traits and metacognition or confidence. Furthermore, we found no link between AQ sub-scales and metacognition. We do not find support for the hypothesis that autistic traits are associated with metacognition in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iair Embon
- Instituto de Cálculo, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires CP: 1428, Argentina; Cognitive Science Group, Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas (IIPsi, CONICET-UNC), Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba CP: 5000, Argentina.
| | - Sebastián Cukier
- Programa Argentino para Niños, Adolescentes y Adultos con Condiciones del Espectro del Autismo, Buenos Aires CP: 1640, Argentina.
| | - Alberto Iorio
- University of Buenos Aires, Faculty of Psychology, Buenos Aires CP: 1207, Argentina; Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Laboratorio de Biología del Comportamiento, CONICET, Buenos Aires CP: 1428, Argentina.
| | - Pablo Barttfeld
- Cognitive Science Group, Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas (IIPsi, CONICET-UNC), Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba CP: 5000, Argentina.
| | - Guillermo Solovey
- Instituto de Cálculo, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires CP: 1428, Argentina.
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7
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Bujia G, Sclar M, Vita S, Solovey G, Kamienkowski JE. Modeling Human Visual Search in Natural Scenes: A Combined Bayesian Searcher and Saliency Map Approach. Front Syst Neurosci 2022; 16:882315. [PMID: 35712044 PMCID: PMC9197262 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2022.882315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Finding objects is essential for almost any daily-life visual task. Saliency models have been useful to predict fixation locations in natural images during a free-exploring task. However, it is still challenging to predict the sequence of fixations during visual search. Bayesian observer models are particularly suited for this task because they represent visual search as an active sampling process. Nevertheless, how they adapt to natural images remains largely unexplored. Here, we propose a unified Bayesian model for visual search guided by saliency maps as prior information. We validated our model with a visual search experiment in natural scenes. We showed that, although state-of-the-art saliency models performed well in predicting the first two fixations in a visual search task ( 90% of the performance achieved by humans), their performance degraded to chance afterward. Therefore, saliency maps alone could model bottom-up first impressions but they were not enough to explain scanpaths when top-down task information was critical. In contrast, our model led to human-like performance and scanpaths as revealed by: first, the agreement between targets found by the model and the humans on a trial-by-trial basis; and second, the scanpath similarity between the model and the humans, that makes the behavior of the model indistinguishable from that of humans. Altogether, the combination of deep neural networks based saliency models for image processing and a Bayesian framework for scanpath integration probes to be a powerful and flexible approach to model human behavior in natural scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaston Bujia
- Laboratorio de Inteligencia Artificial Aplicada, Instituto de Ciencias de la Computación, Universidad de Buenos Aires – CONICET, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Cálculo, Universidad de Buenos Aires – CONICET, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Melanie Sclar
- Laboratorio de Inteligencia Artificial Aplicada, Instituto de Ciencias de la Computación, Universidad de Buenos Aires – CONICET, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sebastian Vita
- Laboratorio de Inteligencia Artificial Aplicada, Instituto de Ciencias de la Computación, Universidad de Buenos Aires – CONICET, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guillermo Solovey
- Instituto de Cálculo, Universidad de Buenos Aires – CONICET, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan Esteban Kamienkowski
- Laboratorio de Inteligencia Artificial Aplicada, Instituto de Ciencias de la Computación, Universidad de Buenos Aires – CONICET, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Maestría de Explotación de Datos y Descubrimiento del Conocimiento, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- *Correspondence: Juan Esteban Kamienkowski
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8
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Ambrosis N, Martin Aispuro P, Belhart K, Bottero D, Crisp RL, Dansey MV, Gabrielli M, Filevich O, Genoud V, Giordano A, Lin MC, Lodeiro A, Marceca F, Pregi N, Lenicov FR, Rocha-Viegas L, Rudi E, Solovey G, Zurita E, Pecci A, Etchenique R, Hozbor D. Active Surveillance of Asymptomatic, Presymptomatic, and Oligosymptomatic SARS-CoV-2-Infected Individuals in Communities Inhabiting Closed or Semi-closed Institutions. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:640688. [PMID: 33614689 PMCID: PMC7889965 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.640688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The high COVID-19 dissemination rate demands active surveillance to identify asymptomatic, presymptomatic, and oligosymptomatic (APO) SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals. This is of special importance in communities inhabiting closed or semi-closed institutions such as residential care homes, prisons, neuropsychiatric hospitals, etc., where risk people are in close contact. Thus, a pooling approach-where samples are mixed and tested as single pools-is an attractive strategy to rapidly detect APO-infected in these epidemiological scenarios. Materials and Methods: This study was done at different pandemic periods between May 28 and August 31 2020 in 153 closed or semi-closed institutions in the Province of Buenos Aires (Argentina). We setup pooling strategy in two stages: first a pool-testing followed by selective individual-testing according to pool results. Samples included in negative pools were presumed as negative, while samples from positive pools were re-tested individually for positives identification. Results: Sensitivity in 5-sample or 10-sample pools was adequate since only 2 Ct values were increased with regard to single tests on average. Concordance between 5-sample or 10-sample pools and individual-testing was 100% in the Ct ≤ 36. We tested 4,936 APO clinical samples in 822 pools, requiring 86-50% fewer tests in low-to-moderate prevalence settings compared to individual testing. Conclusions: By this strategy we detected three COVID-19 outbreaks at early stages in these institutions, helping to their containment and increasing the likelihood of saving lives in such places where risk groups are concentrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Ambrosis
- Laboratorio VacSal, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, Universidad Nacional de La Plata y CCT La Plata-CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Pablo Martin Aispuro
- Laboratorio VacSal, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, Universidad Nacional de La Plata y CCT La Plata-CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Keila Belhart
- Laboratorio VacSal, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, Universidad Nacional de La Plata y CCT La Plata-CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Daniela Bottero
- Laboratorio VacSal, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, Universidad Nacional de La Plata y CCT La Plata-CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Renée Leonor Crisp
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Virginia Dansey
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Unidad de Microanálisis y Métodos Físicos en Química Orgánica, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Magali Gabrielli
- Laboratorio VacSal, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, Universidad Nacional de La Plata y CCT La Plata-CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Oscar Filevich
- Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología de la Universidad Nacional de San Martín, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Valeria Genoud
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandra Giordano
- Laboratorio VacSal, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, Universidad Nacional de La Plata y CCT La Plata-CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Min Chih Lin
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto del Cálculo, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Anibal Lodeiro
- Laboratorio VacSal, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, Universidad Nacional de La Plata y CCT La Plata-CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Felipe Marceca
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Matemática, Instituto de Investigaciones Matemáticas “Luis Santaló”, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nicolás Pregi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Federico Remes Lenicov
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luciana Rocha-Viegas
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Erika Rudi
- Laboratorio VacSal, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, Universidad Nacional de La Plata y CCT La Plata-CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Guillermo Solovey
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto del Cálculo, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eugenia Zurita
- Laboratorio VacSal, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, Universidad Nacional de La Plata y CCT La Plata-CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Adali Pecci
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Roberto Etchenique
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Instituto de Química Física de los Materiales, Medio Ambiente y Energía, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniela Hozbor
- Laboratorio VacSal, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, Universidad Nacional de La Plata y CCT La Plata-CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
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9
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Bujia G, Sclar M, Vita S, Solovey G, KamienkowskI J. Bayesian model of human visual search in natural images. J Vis 2020. [DOI: 10.1167/jov.20.11.1596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gaston Bujia
- Laboratorio de Inteligencia Artificial Aplicada, Instituto de Ciencias de la Computación, Universidad de Buenos Aires - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Técnica, Argentina
- Instituto del Cálculo, Universidad de Buenos Aires - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Técnica, Argentina
| | - Melanie Sclar
- Laboratorio de Inteligencia Artificial Aplicada, Instituto de Ciencias de la Computación, Universidad de Buenos Aires - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Técnica, Argentina
| | - Sebastian Vita
- Laboratorio de Inteligencia Artificial Aplicada, Instituto de Ciencias de la Computación, Universidad de Buenos Aires - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Técnica, Argentina
| | - Guillermo Solovey
- Instituto del Cálculo, Universidad de Buenos Aires - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Técnica, Argentina
| | - Juan KamienkowskI
- Laboratorio de Inteligencia Artificial Aplicada, Instituto de Ciencias de la Computación, Universidad de Buenos Aires - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Técnica, Argentina
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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10
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Alonso LM, Solovey G, Yanagawa T, Proekt A, Cecchi GA, Magnasco MO. Author Correction: Single-trial classification of awareness state during anesthesia by measuring critical dynamics of global brain activity. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18643. [PMID: 31796884 PMCID: PMC6890728 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55180-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Leandro M Alonso
- Laboratory of integrative neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA. .,Volen Center for Complex Systems, Department of` Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, 02454, USA.
| | - Guillermo Solovey
- Instituto del Cálculo, FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires, (C1428EGA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Toru Yanagawa
- Laboratory for Adaptive Intelligence, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Alex Proekt
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | | | - Marcelo O Magnasco
- Laboratory of integrative neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA.,Volen Center for Complex Systems, Department of` Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, 02454, USA
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11
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Alonso LM, Solovey G, Yanagawa T, Proekt A, Cecchi GA, Magnasco MO. Single-trial classification of awareness state during anesthesia by measuring critical dynamics of global brain activity. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4927. [PMID: 30894626 PMCID: PMC6426977 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41345-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In daily life, in the operating room and in the laboratory, the operational way to assess wakefulness and consciousness is through responsiveness. A number of studies suggest that the awake, conscious state is not the default behavior of an assembly of neurons, but rather a very special state of activity that has to be actively maintained and curated to support its functional properties. Thus responsiveness is a feature that requires active maintenance, such as a homeostatic mechanism to balance excitation and inhibition. In this work we developed a method for monitoring such maintenance processes, focusing on a specific signature of their behavior derived from the theory of dynamical systems: stability analysis of dynamical modes. When such mechanisms are at work, their modes of activity are at marginal stability, neither damped (stable) nor exponentially growing (unstable) but rather hovering in between. We have previously shown that, conversely, under induction of anesthesia those modes become more stable and thus less responsive, then reversed upon emergence to wakefulness. We take advantage of this effect to build a single-trial classifier which detects whether a subject is awake or unconscious achieving high performance. We show that our approach can be developed into a means for intra-operative monitoring of the depth of anesthesia, an application of fundamental importance to modern clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro M Alonso
- Laboratory of integrative neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA. .,Volen Center for Complex Systems, Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, 02454, USA.
| | - Guillermo Solovey
- Instituto del Cálculo, FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires, (C1428EGA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Toru Yanagawa
- Laboratory for Adaptive Intelligence, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Alex Proekt
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | | | - Marcelo O Magnasco
- Laboratory of integrative neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA.,Volen Center for Complex Systems, Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, 02454, USA
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12
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Michel M, Beck D, Block N, Blumenfeld H, Brown R, Carmel D, Carrasco M, Chirimuuta M, Chun M, Cleeremans A, Dehaene S, Fleming SM, Frith C, Haggard P, He BJ, Heyes C, Goodale MA, Irvine L, Kawato M, Kentridge R, King JR, Knight RT, Kouider S, Lamme V, Lamy D, Lau H, Laureys S, LeDoux J, Lin YT, Liu K, Macknik SL, Martinez-Conde S, Mashour GA, Melloni L, Miracchi L, Mylopoulos M, Naccache L, Owen AM, Passingham RE, Pessoa L, Peters MAK, Rahnev D, Ro T, Rosenthal D, Sasaki Y, Sergent C, Solovey G, Schiff ND, Seth A, Tallon-Baudry C, Tamietto M, Tong F, van Gaal S, Vlassova A, Watanabe T, Weisberg J, Yan K, Yoshida M. Opportunities and challenges for a maturing science of consciousness. Nat Hum Behav 2019; 3:104-107. [PMID: 30944453 PMCID: PMC6568255 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-019-0531-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Michel
- Department of Philosophy, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.
| | - Diane Beck
- Department of Psychology and Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Ned Block
- Department of Philosophy, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Hal Blumenfeld
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Richard Brown
- Philosophy Program, LaGuardia Community College, The City University of New York, Long Island City, New York, USA
| | - David Carmel
- School of Psychology, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Marisa Carrasco
- Department of Psychology and Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mazviita Chirimuuta
- Department of History and Philosophy of Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Marvin Chun
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Axel Cleeremans
- Center for Cognition & Neurosciences, Université libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Stanislas Dehaene
- Chair of Experimental Cognitive Psychology, College de France, Paris, France.,Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), INSERM, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, NeuroSpin center, Gif/Yvette, France
| | - Stephen M Fleming
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Chris Frith
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, London, UK
| | - Patrick Haggard
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
| | - Biyu J He
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Cecilia Heyes
- All Souls College and Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Melvyn A Goodale
- The Brain and Mind Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Liz Irvine
- School of Philosophy, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Mitsuo Kawato
- Department of Decoded Neurofeedback, Computational Neuroscience Laboratories, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Jean-Remi King
- Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, New York, United States.,Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Robert T Knight
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | - Sid Kouider
- Brain and Consciousness group (ENS, EHESS, CNRS), Département d'Études Cognitives, École Normale Supérieure - PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Victor Lamme
- Amsterdam Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dominique Lamy
- School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Hakwan Lau
- Department of Psychology and Brain Research Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, USA. .,Department of Psychology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, HKU, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Steven Laureys
- Coma Science Group, GIGA Consciousness, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Joseph LeDoux
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ying-Tung Lin
- Institute of Philosophy of Mind and Cognition, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kayuet Liu
- Department of Sociology, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Stephen L Macknik
- State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | | | - George A Mashour
- Center for Consciousness Science, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Lucia Melloni
- Department of Neurology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lisa Miracchi
- Department of Philosophy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Myrto Mylopoulos
- Department of Philosophy and Institute of Cognitive Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Adrian M Owen
- The Brain & Mind Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Luiz Pessoa
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Megan A K Peters
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Dobromir Rahnev
- School of Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Tony Ro
- Psychology and Biology, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York, USA
| | - David Rosenthal
- Philosophy and Cognitive Science, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yuka Sasaki
- Department of Cognitive, Linguistic and Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Claire Sergent
- Laboratoire Psychologie de la Perception, Université Paris Descartes, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Guillermo Solovey
- Instituto de Cálculo, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nicholas D Schiff
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Anil Seth
- Sackler Centre for Consciousness Science, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Catherine Tallon-Baudry
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, INSERM, École Normale Supérieure - PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Marco Tamietto
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands.,Department of Psychology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Frank Tong
- Psychology Department, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Simon van Gaal
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alexandra Vlassova
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Takeo Watanabe
- Department of Cognitive, Linguistic and Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Josh Weisberg
- Department of Philosophy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Karen Yan
- Institute of Philosophy of Mind and Cognition, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Masatoshi Yoshida
- Department of System Neuroscience, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
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13
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Solovey G, Alonso LM, Yanagawa T, Fujii N, Magnasco MO, Cecchi GA, Proekt A. Loss of Consciousness Is Associated with Stabilization of Cortical Activity. J Neurosci 2015; 35:10866-77. [PMID: 26224868 PMCID: PMC4518057 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4895-14.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
What aspects of neuronal activity distinguish the conscious from the unconscious brain? This has been a subject of intense interest and debate since the early days of neurophysiology. However, as any practicing anesthesiologist can attest, it is currently not possible to reliably distinguish a conscious state from an unconscious one on the basis of brain activity. Here we approach this problem from the perspective of dynamical systems theory. We argue that the brain, as a dynamical system, is self-regulated at the boundary between stable and unstable regimes, allowing it in particular to maintain high susceptibility to stimuli. To test this hypothesis, we performed stability analysis of high-density electrocorticography recordings covering an entire cerebral hemisphere in monkeys during reversible loss of consciousness. We show that, during loss of consciousness, the number of eigenmodes at the edge of instability decreases smoothly, independently of the type of anesthetic and specific features of brain activity. The eigenmodes drift back toward the unstable line during recovery of consciousness. Furthermore, we show that stability is an emergent phenomenon dependent on the correlations among activity in different cortical regions rather than signals taken in isolation. These findings support the conclusion that dynamics at the edge of instability are essential for maintaining consciousness and provide a novel and principled measure that distinguishes between the conscious and the unconscious brain. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT What distinguishes brain activity during consciousness from that observed during unconsciousness? Answering this question has proven difficult because neither consciousness nor lack thereof have universal signatures in terms of most specific features of brain activity. For instance, different anesthetics induce different patterns of brain activity. We demonstrate that loss of consciousness is universally and reliably associated with stabilization of cortical dynamics regardless of the specific activity characteristics. To give an analogy, our analysis suggests that loss of consciousness is akin to depressing the damper pedal on the piano, which makes the sounds dissipate quicker regardless of the specific melody being played. This approach may prove useful in detecting consciousness on the basis of brain activity under anesthesia and other settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Solovey
- Laboratories of Mathematical Physics and Integrative Neuroscience Laboratory, Buenos Aires, Argentina, Instituto de Cálculo, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Buenos Aires (C1428EGA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Toru Yanagawa
- Laboratory for Adaptive Intelligence, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
| | - Naotaka Fujii
- Laboratory for Adaptive Intelligence, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
| | | | - Guillermo A Cecchi
- Computational Biology Center, T. J. Watson IBM Research Laboratory, Yorktown Heights, New York 10598, and
| | - Alex Proekt
- Neurobiology and Behavior, Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Medical Center, New York, New York 10065
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14
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Solovey G, Maniscalco B, Rahnev D, Lau H. Inflation of subjective perception in peripheral vision. J Vis 2013. [DOI: 10.1167/13.9.621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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15
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Solovey G, Miller KJ, Ojemann JG, Magnasco MO, Cecchi GA. Self-Regulated Dynamical Criticality in Human ECoG. Front Integr Neurosci 2012; 6:44. [PMID: 22833717 PMCID: PMC3400079 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2012.00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 06/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mounting experimental and theoretical results indicate that neural systems are poised near a critical state. In human subjects, however, most evidence comes from functional MRI studies, an indirect measurement of neuronal activity with poor temporal resolution. Electrocorticography (ECoG) provides a unique window into human brain activity: each electrode records, with high temporal resolution, the activity resulting from the sum of the local field potentials of ∼105 neurons. We show that the human brain ECoG recordings display features of self-regulated dynamical criticality: dynamical modes of activation drift around the critical stability threshold, moving in and out of the unstable region and equilibrating the global dynamical state at a very fast time scale. Moreover, the analysis also reveals differences between the resting state and a motor task, associated with increased stability of a fraction of the dynamical modes.
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16
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Abstract
Mean field models are often useful approximations to biological systems, but sometimes, they can yield misleading results. In this work, we compare mean field approaches with stochastic models of intracellular calcium release. In particular, we concentrate on calcium signals generated by the concerted opening of several clustered channels (calcium puffs). To this end we simulate calcium puffs numerically and then try to reproduce features of the resulting calcium distribution using mean field models were all the channels open and close simultaneously. We show that an unrealistic non-linear relationship between the current and the number of open channels is needed to reproduce the simulated puffs. Furthermore, a single channel current which is five times smaller than the one of the stochastic simulations is also needed. Our study sheds light on the importance of the stochastic kinetics of the calcium release channel activity to estimate the release fluxes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Solovey
- Laboratory of Mathematical Physics, The Rockefeller University New York, NY, USA
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17
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Abstract
Calcium signals participate in a large variety of physiological processes. In many instances, they involve calcium entry through inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP(3)) receptors (IP(3)Rs), which are usually organized in clusters. Recent high-resolution optical experiments by Smith & Parker have provided new information on Ca(2+) release from clustered IP(3)Rs. In the present paper, we use the model recently introduced by Solovey & Ponce Dawson to determine how the distribution of the number of IP(3)Rs that become open during a localized release event may change by the presence of Ca(2+) buffers, substances that react with Ca(2+), altering its concentration and transport properties. We then discuss how buffer properties could be extracted from the observation of local signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Solovey
- Laboratory of Mathematical Physics, Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
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18
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Abstract
Calcium signals are involved in a large variety of physiological processes. Their
versatility relies on the diversity of spatio-temporal behaviors that the
calcium concentration can display. Calcium entry through inositol
1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP) receptors (IPR's) is a key component that participates in both
local signals such as “puffs” and in global waves. IPR's are usually organized in clusters on the membrane
of the endoplasmic reticulum and their spatial distribution has important
effects on the resulting signal. Recent high resolution observations [1] of Ca puffs offer a window to study intra-cluster organization. The
experiments give the distribution of the number of IPR's that open during each puff without much
processing. Here we present a simple model with which we interpret the
experimental distribution in terms of two stochastic processes: IP binding and unbinding and Ca-mediated inter-channel coupling. Depending on the parameters
of the system, the distribution may be dominated by one or the other process.
The transition between both extreme cases is similar to a percolation process.
We show how, from an analysis of the experimental distribution, information can
be obtained on the relative weight of the two processes. The largest distance
over which Ca-mediated coupling acts and the density of IP-bound IPR's of the cluster can also be estimated. The approach
allows us to infer properties of the interactions among the channels of the
cluster from statistical information on their emergent collective behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Solovey
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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19
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Bruno L, Solovey G, Ventura AC, Dargan S, Dawson SP. Quantifying calcium fluxes underlying calcium puffs in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Cell Calcium 2010; 47:273-86. [PMID: 20097419 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2009.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2009] [Accepted: 12/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We determine the calcium fluxes through inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor/channels underlying calcium puffs of Xenopus laevis oocytes using a simplified version of the algorithm of Ventura et al. An analysis of 130 puffs obtained with Fluo-4 indicates that Ca2+ release comes from a region of width approximately 450 nm, that the release duration is peaked around 18 s and that the underlying Ca2+ currents range between 0.12 and 0.95 pA. All these parameters are independent of IP(3) concentration. We explore what distributions of channels that open during a puff, N(p), and what relations between current and number of open channels, I(N(p)), are compatible with our findings and with the distribution of puff-to-trigger amplitude ratio reported in Rose et al. To this end, we use simple "mean field" models in which all channels open and close simultaneously. We find that the variability among clusters plays an important role in shaping the observed puff amplitude distribution and that a model for which I(N(p)) approximately N(p) for small N(p) and I(N(p)) approximately N(p)(1/alpha) (alpha > 1) for large N(p), provides the best agreement. Simulations of more detailed models in which channels open and close stochastically show that this nonlinear behavior can be attributed to the limited time resolution of the observations and to the averaging procedure that is implicit in the mean-field models. These conclusions are also compatible with observations of approximately 400 puffs obtained using the dye Oregon green.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Bruno
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, UBA, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón I, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
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20
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Solovey G, Fraiman D, Pando B, Ponce Dawson S. Simplified model of cytosolic Ca2+ dynamics in the presence of one or several clusters of Ca2+ -release channels. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2008; 78:041915. [PMID: 18999463 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.78.041915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Calcium release from intracellular stores plays a key role in the regulation of a variety of cellular activities. In various cell types this release occurs through inositol-triphosphate (IP3) receptors which are Ca2+ channels whose open probability is modulated by the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration itself. Thus, the combination of Ca2+ release and Ca2+ diffusion evokes a variety of Ca2+ signals depending on the number and relative location of the channels that participate of them. In fact, a hierarchy of Ca2+ signals has been observed in Xenopus laevis oocytes, ranging from very localized events (puffs and blips) to waves that propagate throughout the cell. In this cell type channels are organized in clusters. The behavior of individual channels within a cluster cannot be resolved with current optical techniques. Therefore, a combination of experiments and mathematical modeling is unavoidable to understand these signals. However, the numerical simulation of a detailed mathematical model of the problem is very hard given the large range of spatial and temporal scales that must be covered. In this paper we present an alternative model in which the cluster region is modeled using a relatively fine grid but where several approximations are made to compute the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca;{2+}]) distribution. The inner-cluster [Ca;{2+}] distribution is used to determine the openings and closings of the channels of the cluster. The spatiotemporal [Ca;{2+}] distribution outside the cluster is determined using a coarser grid in which each (active) cluster is represented by a point source whose current is proportional to the number of open channels determined before. A full reaction-diffusion system is solved on this coarser grid.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Solovey
- Departamento de Física, FCEN-UBA, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón I, (1428) Buenos Aires, Argentina
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21
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Bergero P, Peruani F, Solovey G, Irurzun IM, Vicente JL, Mola EE. Dielectric breakdown model for conductor-loaded and insulator-loaded composite materials. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2004; 69:016123. [PMID: 14995683 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.69.016123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2003] [Revised: 10/09/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In the present work we generalize the dielectric breakdown model to describe dielectric breakdown patterns in both conductor-loaded and insulator-loaded composites. The present model is an extension of a previous one [F. Peruani et al., Phys. Rev. E 67, 066121 (2003)] presented by the authors to describe dielectric breakdown patterns in conductor-loaded composites. Particles are distributed at random in a matrix with a variable concentration p. The generalized model assigns different probabilities P(i,k-->i('),k(')) to breakdown channel formation according to particle characteristics. Dielectric breakdown patterns are characterized by their fractal dimension D and the parameters of the Weibull distribution. Studies are carried out as a function of the fraction of inhomogeneities, p.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Bergero
- INIFTA (CONICET, CICPBA,Universidad Nacional de La Plata), Sucursal 4, Casilla de Correo 16, (1900) La Plata, Argentina
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22
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Peruani F, Solovey G, Irurzun IM, Mola EE, Marzocca A, Vicente JL. Dielectric breakdown model for composite materials. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2003; 67:066121. [PMID: 16241318 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.67.066121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2002] [Revised: 01/24/2003] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
This paper addresses the problem of dielectric breakdown in composite materials. The dielectric breakdown model was generalized to describe dielectric breakdown patterns in conductor-loaded composites. Conducting particles are distributed at random in the insulating matrix, and the dielectric breakdown propagates according to new rules to take into account electrical properties and particle size. Dielectric breakdown patterns are characterized by their fractal dimension D and the parameters of the Weibull distribution. Studies are carried out as a function of the fraction of conducting inhomogeneities, p. The fractal dimension D of electrical trees approaches the fractal dimension of a percolation cluster when the fraction of conducting particles approximates the percolation limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Peruani
- Departamento de Fisica, Juan José Giambiagi, FCEyN, UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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