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Mendes G, Poppe AY, Lima FO, Morais A, Pontes-Neto O, Silva GS, Martins SO, Carvalho F. Comprehensive portrait of stroke fellowship training in Brazil: A national survey study. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2024; 33:107697. [PMID: 38561168 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2024.107697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The field of vascular neurology has undergone significant advances over the last decade, and care has become more complex. However, vascular neurology training programs remain underdeveloped in many countries, despite stroke impact on health care. There are efforts towards building a nationally regulated curricula in some countries. Still, comprehensive planning and implementation of these programs may be needed on a global scale, especially in countries where stroke treatment is not fully implemented. We aim to comprehensively analyze vascular neurology trainees' profiles in Brazil to describe training program contents from trainees and program directors' perspectives. METHODS We performed an observational, cross-sectional, web-based survey study to describe trainee and program-specific characteristics at vascular neurology fellowship training programs in Brazil. The study was conducted from June to September 2023 using a secure web-based survey sent to active fellows and program directors from all known vascular neurology fellowship programs in the country. All respondents were required to provide informed consent. RESULTS We obtained a 100 % response rate of a total of 12 programs distributed in 7 federal states. Notably, 57 % of the 28 surveyed fellows were women, 60 % were aged 25-30, and 70 % self-identified as White. All fellows had prior neurology training, and 60 % engaged in the program just following residency. Exposure to various training experiences was favorable, except for simulation-based learning and telestroke training. Program directors perceived exposure to be sufficient for most components but similarly found deficiencies in telestroke and simulation-based learning. Scientific productivity was low, with about two-thirds of fellows having no publications or abstracts. Most fellows (92.6 %) reported performing non-fellowship medical activities to supplement their incomes. DISCUSSION In conclusion, the number of vascular neurology training programs and trainees in Brazil is currently insufficient and exhibits an uneven geographic distribution. Despite this, the clinical training provided is extensive, and there is generally some funding available for fellows. These insights highlight the need for strategic improvements in Brazil's stroke education and could inform similar developments in other nations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gnn Mendes
- Hospital Geral de Fortaleza - HGF - Cerebrovascular Diseases Clinical Research Center; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montreal - CHUM.
| | - A Y Poppe
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montreal - CHUM
| | - F O Lima
- Hospital Geral de Fortaleza - HGF - Cerebrovascular Diseases Clinical Research Center
| | - Abcg Morais
- Hospital Geral de Fortaleza - HGF - Cerebrovascular Diseases Clinical Research Center; Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP
| | - O Pontes-Neto
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo - FMRP-USP
| | - G S Silva
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein - HIAE
| | - S O Martins
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS
| | - Fmm Carvalho
- Hospital Geral de Fortaleza - HGF - Cerebrovascular Diseases Clinical Research Center; Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Universidade de Fortaleza - UNIFOR
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Campler MR, Cheng TY, Lee CW, Hofacre CL, Lossie G, Silva GS, El-Gazzar MM, Arruda AG. Investigating the uses of machine learning algorithms to inform risk factor analyses: The example of avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) in broiler chickens. Res Vet Sci 2024; 171:105201. [PMID: 38442531 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a contagious coronavirus causing respiratory and urogenital disease in chickens and is responsible for significant economic losses for both the broiler and table egg layer industries. Despite IBV being regularly monitored using standard epidemiologic surveillance practices, knowledge and evidence of risk factors associated with IBV transmission remain limited. The study objective was to compare risk factor modeling outcomes between a traditional stepwise variable selection approach and a machine learning-based random forest Boruta algorithm using routinely collected IBV antibody titer data from broiler flocks. IBV antibody sampling events (n = 1111) from 166 broiler sites between 2016 and 2021 were accessed. Ninety-two geospatial-related and poultry-density variables were obtained using a geographic information system and data sets from publicly available sources. Seventeen and 27 candidate variables were screened to potentially have an association with elevated IBV antibody titers according to the manual selection and machine learning algorithm, respectively. Selected variables from both methods were further investigated by construction of multivariable generalized mixed logistic regression models. Six variables were shortlisted by both screening methods, which included year, distance to urban areas, main roads, landcover, density of layer sites and year, however, final models for both approaches only shared year as an important predictor. Despite limited significance of clinical outcomes, this work showcases the potential of a novel explorative modeling approach in combination with often unutilized resources such as publicly available geospatial data, surveillance health data and machine learning as potential supplementary tools to investigate risk factors related to infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus R Campler
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, OH 43210, USA
| | - Ting-Yu Cheng
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, OH 43210, USA
| | - Chang-Won Lee
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Diseases, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA 30605, USA
| | | | - Geoffrey Lossie
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology and Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, IN 47907, USA
| | - Gustavo S Silva
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology and Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, IN 47907, USA
| | - Mohamed M El-Gazzar
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, IA 50011, USA
| | - Andréia G Arruda
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, OH 43210, USA.
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Mil-Homens M, Aljets E, Paiva RC, Machado I, Cezar G, Osemeke O, Moraes D, Jayaraman S, Brinning M, Poeta Silva AP, Tidgren L, Durflinger M, Wilhelm M, Flores V, Frenier J, Linhares D, Zhang J, Holtkamp D, Silva GS. Assessment of temperature and time on the survivability of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) on experimentally contaminated surfaces. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0291181. [PMID: 38241219 PMCID: PMC10798431 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Fomites might be responsible for virus introduction in swine farms, highlighting the importance of implementing practices to minimize the probability of virus introduction. The study's objective was to assess the efficacy of different combinations of temperatures and holding-times on detecting live PRRSV and PEDV on surfaces commonly found in supply entry rooms in swine farms. Two PRRSV isolates (MN 184 and 1-4-4 L1C variant) and one PEDV isolate (NC 49469/2013) were inoculated on cardboard and aluminum. An experimental study tested combinations of four temperatures (20°C, 30°C, 40°C, and 50°C) and six holding-times (15 minutes, 60 minutes, 6 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours, and 36 hours) for the presence of the viruses on each surface type. After virus titration, virus presence was assessed by assessing the cytopathic effects and immunofluorescence staining. The titers were expressed as log10 TCID50/ml, and regression models; half-lives equations were calculated to assess differences between treatments and time to not detect the live virus. The results suggest that the minimum time that surfaces should be held to not detect the virus at 30°C was 24 hours, 40°C required 12 hours, and 50°C required 6 hours; aluminum surfaces took longer to reach the desired temperature compared to cardboard. The results suggest that PRRSV 1-4-4 L1C variant had higher half-lives at higher temperatures than PRRSV MN 184. In conclusion, time and temperature combinations effectively decrease the concentration of PRRSV and PEDV on different surfaces found in supply entry rooms in swine farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mafalda Mil-Homens
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America
| | - Ethan Aljets
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America
| | - Rodrigo C. Paiva
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America
| | - Isadora Machado
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America
| | - Guilherme Cezar
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America
| | - Onyekachukwu Osemeke
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America
| | - Daniel Moraes
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America
| | - Swaminathan Jayaraman
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America
| | - Mckenna Brinning
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America
| | - Ana Paula Poeta Silva
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America
| | - Lauren Tidgren
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America
| | - Madison Durflinger
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America
| | - Mallory Wilhelm
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America
| | - Vivian Flores
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America
| | - Jolie Frenier
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America
| | - Daniel Linhares
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America
| | - Jianqiang Zhang
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America
| | - Derald Holtkamp
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America
| | - Gustavo S. Silva
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America
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Magalhães ES, Zimmerman JJ, Thomas P, Moura CAA, Trevisan G, Schwartz KJ, Burrough E, Holtkamp DJ, Wang C, Rademacher CJ, Silva GS, Linhares DCL. Utilizing productivity and health breeding-to-market information along with disease diagnostic data to identify pig mortality risk factors in a U.S. swine production system. Front Vet Sci 2024; 10:1301392. [PMID: 38274655 PMCID: PMC10808511 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1301392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Aggregated diagnostic data collected over time from swine production systems is an important data source to investigate swine productivity and health, especially when combined with records concerning the pre-weaning and post-weaning phases of production. The combination of multiple data streams collected over the lifetime of the pigs is the essence of the whole-herd epidemiological investigation. This approach is particularly valuable for investigating the multifaceted and ever-changing factors contributing to wean-to-finish (W2F) swine mortality. The objective of this study was to use a retrospective dataset ("master table") containing information on 1,742 groups of pigs marketed over time to identify the major risk factors associated with W2F mortality. The master table was built by combining historical breed-to-market performance and health data with disease diagnostic records (Dx Codes) from marketed groups of growing pigs. After building the master table, univariate analyses were conducted to screen for risk factors to be included in the initial multivariable model. After a stepwise backward model selection approach, 5 variables and 2 interactions remained in the final model. Notably, the diagnosis variable significantly associated with W2F mortality was porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). Closeouts with clinical signs suggestive of Salmonella spp. or Escherichia coli infection were also associated with higher W2F mortality. Source sow farm factors that remained significantly associated with W2F mortality were the sow farm PRRS status, average weaning age, and the average pre-weaning mortality. After testing for the possible interactions in the final model, two interactions were significantly associated with wean-to-finish pig mortality: (1) sow farm PRRS status and a laboratory diagnosis of PRRSV and (2) average weaning age and a laboratory diagnosis of PRRS. Closeouts originating from PRRS epidemic or PRRS negative sow farms, when diagnosed with PRRS in the growing phase, had the highest W2F mortality rates. Likewise, PRRS diagnosis in the growing phase was an important factor in mortality, regardless of the average weaning age of the closeouts. Overall, this study demonstrated the utility of a whole-herd approach when analyzing diagnostic information along with breeding-to-market productivity and health information, to measure the major risk factors associated with W2F mortality in specified time frames and pig populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edison S. Magalhães
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Jeff J. Zimmerman
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Pete Thomas
- Iowa Select Farms, Iowa Falls, IA, United States
| | | | - Giovani Trevisan
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Kent J. Schwartz
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Eric Burrough
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Derald J. Holtkamp
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Chong Wang
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Department of Statistics, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Christopher J. Rademacher
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Gustavo S. Silva
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Daniel C. L. Linhares
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
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Trevisan G, Morris P, Silva GS, Nakkirt P, Wang C, Main R, Zimmerman J. Active Participatory Regional Surveillance for Notifiable Swine Pathogens. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:233. [PMID: 38254402 PMCID: PMC10812401 DOI: 10.3390/ani14020233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
We evaluated an active participatory design for the regional surveillance of notifiable swine pathogens based on testing 10 samples collected by farm personnel in each participating farm. To evaluate the performance of the design, public domain software was used to simulate the introduction and spread of a pathogen among 17,521 farms in a geographic region of 1,615,246 km2. Using the simulated pathogen spread data, the probability of detecting ≥ 1 positive farms in the region was estimated as a function of the percent of participating farms (20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100%), farm-level detection probability (10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%), and regional farm-level prevalence. At 0.1% prevalence (18 positive farms among 17,521 farms) and a farm-level detection probability of 30%, the participatory surveillance design achieved 67%, 90%, and 97% probability of detecting ≥ 1 positive farms in the region when producer participation was 20%, 40%, and 60%, respectively. The cost analysis assumed that 10 individual pig samples per farm would be pooled into 2 samples (5 pigs each) for testing. Depending on the specimen collected (serum or swab sample) and test format (nucleic acid or antibody detection), the cost per round of sampling ranged from EUR 0.017 to EUR 0.032 (USD 0.017 to USD 0.034) per pig in the region. Thus, the analysis suggested that an active regional participatory surveillance design could achieve detection at low prevalence and at a sustainable cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovani Trevisan
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Patterson Hall, 1800 Christensen Drive, Ames, IA 50011-1134, USA; (G.T.); (G.S.S.); (C.W.); (R.M.)
| | - Paul Morris
- Department of Statistics, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Iowa State University, Snedecor Hall, 2438 Osborn Drive, Ames, IA 50011-4009, USA; (P.M.); (P.N.)
| | - Gustavo S. Silva
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Patterson Hall, 1800 Christensen Drive, Ames, IA 50011-1134, USA; (G.T.); (G.S.S.); (C.W.); (R.M.)
| | - Pormate Nakkirt
- Department of Statistics, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Iowa State University, Snedecor Hall, 2438 Osborn Drive, Ames, IA 50011-4009, USA; (P.M.); (P.N.)
| | - Chong Wang
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Patterson Hall, 1800 Christensen Drive, Ames, IA 50011-1134, USA; (G.T.); (G.S.S.); (C.W.); (R.M.)
- Department of Statistics, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Iowa State University, Snedecor Hall, 2438 Osborn Drive, Ames, IA 50011-4009, USA; (P.M.); (P.N.)
| | - Rodger Main
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Patterson Hall, 1800 Christensen Drive, Ames, IA 50011-1134, USA; (G.T.); (G.S.S.); (C.W.); (R.M.)
| | - Jeffrey Zimmerman
- Department of Statistics, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Iowa State University, Snedecor Hall, 2438 Osborn Drive, Ames, IA 50011-4009, USA; (P.M.); (P.N.)
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Silva APSP, Almeida M, Michael A, Rahe MC, Siepker C, Magstadt DR, Piñeyro P, Arruda BL, Macedo NR, Sahin O, Gauger PC, Krueger KM, Mugabi R, Streauslin JS, Trevisan G, Linhares DCL, Silva GS, Fano E, Main RG, Schwartz KJ, Burrough ER, Derscheid RJ, Sitthicharoenchai P, Clavijo MJ. Detection and disease diagnosis trends (2017-2022) for Streptococcus suis, Glaesserella parasuis, Mycoplasma hyorhinis, Actinobacillus suis and Mycoplasma hyosynoviae at Iowa State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:268. [PMID: 38087358 PMCID: PMC10714645 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03807-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accurate measurement of disease associated with endemic bacterial agents in pig populations is challenging due to their commensal ecology, the lack of disease-specific antemortem diagnostic tests, and the polymicrobial nature of swine diagnostic cases. The main objective of this retrospective study was to estimate temporal patterns of agent detection and disease diagnosis for five endemic bacteria that can cause systemic disease in porcine tissue specimens submitted to the Iowa State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (ISU VDL) from 2017 to 2022. The study also explored the diagnostic value of specific tissue specimens for disease diagnosis, estimated the frequency of polymicrobial diagnosis, and evaluated the association between phase of pig production and disease diagnosis. RESULTS S. suis and G. parasuis bronchopneumonia increased on average 6 and 4.3%, while S. suis endocarditis increased by 23% per year, respectively. M. hyorhinis and A. suis associated serositis increased yearly by 4.2 and 12.8%, respectively. A significant upward trend in M. hyorhinis arthritis cases was also observed. In contrast, M. hyosynoviae arthritis cases decreased by 33% average/year. Investigation into the diagnostic value of tissues showed that lungs were the most frequently submitted sample, However, the use of lung for systemic disease diagnosis requires caution due to the commensal nature of these agents in the respiratory system, compared to systemic sites that diagnosticians typically target. This study also explored associations between phase of production and specific diseases caused by each agent, showcasing the role of S. suis arthritis in suckling pigs, meningitis in early nursery and endocarditis in growing pigs, and the role of G. parasuis, A. suis, M. hyorhinis and M. hyosynoviae disease mainly in post-weaning phases. Finally, this study highlighted the high frequency of co-detection and -disease diagnosis with other infectious etiologies, such as PRRSV and IAV, demonstrating that to minimize the health impact of these endemic bacterial agents it is imperative to establish effective viral control programs. CONCLUSIONS Results from this retrospective study demonstrated significant increases in disease diagnosis for S. suis, G. parasuis, M. hyorhinis, and A. suis, and a significant decrease in detection and disease diagnosis of M. hyosynoviae. High frequencies of interactions between these endemic agents and with viral pathogens was also demonstrated. Consequently, improved control programs are needed to mitigate the adverse effect of these endemic bacterial agents on swine health and wellbeing. This includes improving diagnostic procedures, developing more effective vaccine products, fine-tuning antimicrobial approaches, and managing viral co-infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Serafini Poeta Silva
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Marcelo Almeida
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Alyona Michael
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Michael C Rahe
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Christopher Siepker
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Drew R Magstadt
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Pablo Piñeyro
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Bailey L Arruda
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Ames, IA, USA
| | - Nubia R Macedo
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Orhan Sahin
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Philip C Gauger
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Karen M Krueger
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Robert Mugabi
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Jessica S Streauslin
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Giovani Trevisan
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Daniel C L Linhares
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Gustavo S Silva
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Eduardo Fano
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health USA Inc, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rodger G Main
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Kent J Schwartz
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Eric R Burrough
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Rachel J Derscheid
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Panchan Sitthicharoenchai
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Maria J Clavijo
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
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Osemeke OH, Cezar GA, Paiva RC, Moraes DCA, Machado IF, Magalhaes ES, Poeta Silva APS, Mil-Homens M, Peng L, Jayaraman S, Trevisan G, Silva GS, Gauger PC, Linhares DCL. A cross-sectional assessment of PRRSV nucleic acid detection by RT-qPCR in serum, ear-vein blood swabs, nasal swabs, and oral swabs from weaning-age pigs under field conditions. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1200376. [PMID: 37635762 PMCID: PMC10449646 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1200376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) continues to challenge swine production in the US and most parts of the world. Effective PRRSV surveillance in swine herds can be challenging, especially because the virus can persist and sustain a very low prevalence. Although weaning-age pigs are a strategic subpopulation in the surveillance of PRRSV in breeding herds, very few sample types have been validated and characterized for surveillance of this subpopulation. The objectives of this study, therefore, were to compare PRRSV RNA detection rates in serum, oral swabs (OS), nasal swabs (NS), ear-vein blood swabs (ES), and family oral fluids (FOF) obtained from weaning-age pigs and to assess the effect of litter-level pooling on the reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) detection of PRRSV RNA. Methods Three eligible PRRSV-positive herds in the Midwestern USA were selected for this study. 666 pigs across 55 litters were sampled for serum, NS, ES, OS, and FOF. RT-qPCR tests were done on these samples individually and on the litter-level pools of the swabs. Litter-level pools of each swab sample type were made by combining equal volumes of each swab taken from the pigs within a litter. Results Ninety-six piglets distributed across 22 litters were positive by PRRSV RT-qPCR on serum, 80 piglets distributed across 15 litters were positive on ES, 80 piglets distributed across 17 litters were positive on OS, and 72 piglets distributed across 14 litters were positive on NS. Cohen's kappa analyses showed near-perfect agreement between all paired ES, OS, NS, and serum comparisons (). The serum RT-qPCR cycle threshold values (Ct) strongly predicted PRRSV detection in swab samples. There was a ≥ 95% probability of PRRSV detection in ES-, OS-, and NS pools when the proportion of positive swab samples was ≥ 23%, ≥ 27%, and ≥ 26%, respectively. Discussion ES, NS, and OS can be used as surveillance samples for detecting PRRSV RNA by RT-qPCR in weaning-age pigs. The minimum number of piglets to be sampled by serum, ES, OS, and NS to be 95% confident of detecting ≥ 1 infected piglet when PRRSV prevalence is ≥ 10% is 30, 36, 36, and 40, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guilherme A. Cezar
- Fieldepi, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Rodrigo C. Paiva
- Fieldepi, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Daniel C. A. Moraes
- Fieldepi, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Isadora F. Machado
- Fieldepi, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Edison S. Magalhaes
- Fieldepi, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, United States
| | | | - Mafalda Mil-Homens
- Fieldepi, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Li Peng
- Fieldepi, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Swaminathan Jayaraman
- Fieldepi, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Giovani Trevisan
- Fieldepi, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Gustavo S. Silva
- Fieldepi, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Phillip C. Gauger
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine Department of the College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Daniel C. L. Linhares
- Fieldepi, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, United States
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Magalhaes ES, Zhang D, Wang C, Thomas P, Moura CAA, Holtkamp DJ, Trevisan G, Rademacher C, Silva GS, Linhares DCL. Field Implementation of Forecasting Models for Predicting Nursery Mortality in a Midwestern US Swine Production System. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2412. [PMID: 37570221 PMCID: PMC10417698 DOI: 10.3390/ani13152412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The performance of five forecasting models was investigated for predicting nursery mortality using the master table built for 3242 groups of pigs (~13 million animals) and 42 variables, which concerned the pre-weaning phase of production and conditions at placement in growing sites. After training and testing each model's performance through cross-validation, the model with the best overall prediction results was the Support Vector Machine model in terms of Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE = 0.406), Mean Absolute Error (MAE = 0.284), and Coefficient of Determination (R2 = 0.731). Subsequently, the forecasting performance of the SVM model was tested on a new dataset containing 72 new groups, simulating ongoing and near real-time forecasting analysis. Despite a decrease in R2 values on the new dataset (R2 = 0.554), the model demonstrated high accuracy (77.78%) for predicting groups with high (>5%) or low (<5%) nursery mortality. This study demonstrated the capability of forecasting models to predict the nursery mortality of commercial groups of pigs using pre-weaning information and stocking condition variables collected post-placement in nursery sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edison S. Magalhaes
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Danyang Zhang
- Department of Statistics, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Chong Wang
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Department of Statistics, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Pete Thomas
- Iowa Select Farms, Iowa Falls, IA 50126, USA
| | | | - Derald J. Holtkamp
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Giovani Trevisan
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Christopher Rademacher
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Gustavo S. Silva
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Daniel C. L. Linhares
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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Silva GS, Rodrigues JS, de Oliveira Carvalho BM, Gavassi MA, Bressan ACG, Habermann G. The absence of aluminum compromises the root integrity and reduces leaf hydration and Rubisco performance in Qualea grandiflora, an Al-accumulating species. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2023. [PMID: 37158679 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) is toxic to most plant species. Nevertheless, Al-accumulating species accumulate Al without showing toxicity symptoms. Previous studies have evidenced Al in chloroplasts of Al-accumulating species from the Cerrado vegetation in South America. Therefore, we ask whether Al increases the carbon assimilation through enhanced apparent efficiency of ribulose-1,5-biphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco). Seedlings of the Al-accumulator Qualea grandiflora (Vochysiaceae) were grown in nutrient solution with 0, 740, and 1480 μM Al. Plant growth parameters, relative leaf water content, Al concentration in plant organs, gas exchange rates and apparent carboxylation efficiency (measured from A/Ci curves) were evaluated for 60 days. Aluminum untreated plants showed no root growth, necrotic roots, and low gas exchange rates with decreased apparent carboxylation efficiency. Al-treated plants, however, showed new white roots, increased root biomass leading to higher leaf hydration. Apparent carboxylation efficiency was higher in these plants. The more Al available in the nutrient solution, the more Al was accumulated by plant organs. The absence of Al compromises the root integrity leading to limited leaf hydration. No positive direct effect of Al on the Rubisco performance was evidenced in Al-treated plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Departamento de Biodiversidade, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Av. 24-A, 1515; 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - J S Rodrigues
- Curso de graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Biodiversidade, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Av. 24-A, 1515; 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - B M de Oliveira Carvalho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Departamento de Biodiversidade, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Av. 24-A, 1515; 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - M A Gavassi
- Departamento de Biodiversidade, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Av. 24-A, 1515; 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - A C G Bressan
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Departamento de Biodiversidade, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Av. 24-A, 1515; 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - G Habermann
- Departamento de Biodiversidade, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Av. 24-A, 1515; 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
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10
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Osemeke OH, de Freitas Costa E, Weide V, Jayaraman S, Silva GS, Linhares DCL. In-silico characterization of the relationship between the Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus prevalence at the piglet and litter levels in a farrowing room. Porcine Health Manag 2023; 9:14. [PMID: 37055812 PMCID: PMC10099699 DOI: 10.1186/s40813-023-00309-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Family oral fluids (FOF) sampling has been described as a sampling technique where a rope is exposed to sows and respective suckling litters and thereafter wrung to obtain fluids. PCR-based testing of FOF reveals presence of PRRS virus RNA only at the litter level, as opposed to conventional individual-animal-based sampling methods that demonstrate PRRSV RNA at the piglet level. The relationship between the PRRSV prevalence at the individual piglet level and at the litter level in a farrowing room has not been previously characterized. Using Monte Carlo simulations and data from a previous study, the relationship between the proportion of PRRSV-positive (viremic) pigs in the farrowing room, the proportion of litters in the farrowing room with at least one viremic pig, and the likely proportion of litters to be positive by a FOF RT-rtPCR test in a farrowing room was characterized, taking into account the spatial distribution (homogeneity) of viremic pigs within farrowing rooms. RESULTS There was a linear relationship between piglet-level- and litter-level prevalence, where the latter was always larger than the former. When the piglet-level prevalence was 1%, 5%, 10%, 20%, and 50%, the true-litter level prevalence was 5.36%, 8.93%, 14.29%, 23.21%, and 53.57%, respectively. The corresponding apparent-litter prevalence by FOF was 2.06%, 6.48%, 11.25%, 21.60%, and 51.56%, respectively. CONCLUSION This study provides matching prevalence estimates to help guide sample size calculations. It also provides a framework to estimate the likely proportion of viremic pigs, given the PRRSV RT-rtPCR positivity rate of FOF samples submitted from a farrowing room.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onyekachukwu H Osemeke
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, 2422 Lloyd, 1809 S Riverside Dr, Ames, IA, 50011-3619, USA.
| | - Eduardo de Freitas Costa
- Department of Epidemiology, Bioinformatics, and Animal Models, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Vinicius Weide
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Sul, Farroupilha, RS, Brazil
| | - Swaminathan Jayaraman
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, 2422 Lloyd, 1809 S Riverside Dr, Ames, IA, 50011-3619, USA
| | - Gustavo S Silva
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, 2422 Lloyd, 1809 S Riverside Dr, Ames, IA, 50011-3619, USA
| | - Daniel C L Linhares
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, 2422 Lloyd, 1809 S Riverside Dr, Ames, IA, 50011-3619, USA
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11
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Paiva RC, Moura CA, Thomas P, Haberl B, Greiner L, Rademacher CJ, Silva APSP, Trevisan G, Linhares DCL, Silva GS. Risk factors associated with sow mortality in breeding herds under one production system in the Midwestern United States. Prev Vet Med 2023; 213:105883. [PMID: 36867926 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2023.105883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Sow mortality has significantly increased throughout the world over the past several years, and it is a growing concern to the global swine industry. Sow mortality increases economic losses, including higher replacement rates, affects employees' morale, and raises concerns about animal well-being and sustainability. This study aimed to assess herd-level risk factors associated with sow mortality in a large swine production system in the Midwestern United States. This retrospective observational study used available production, health, nutritional, and management information between July 2019 and December 2021. A Poisson mixed regression model was used to identify the risk factors and to build a multivariate model using the weekly mortality rate per 1000 sows as the outcome. Different models were used to identify the risk factors according to this study's main reasons for sow mortality (total death, sudden death, lameness, and prolapse). The main reported causes of sow mortality were sudden death (31.22 %), lameness (28.78 %), prolapse (28.02 %), and other causes (11.99 %). The median (25th-75th percentile) distribution of the crude sow mortality rate/1000 sows was 3.37 (2.19 - 4.16). Breeding herds classified as epidemic for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) were associated with higher total death, sudden death, and lameness death. Open pen gestation was associated with a higher total death and lameness compared with stalls. Pulses of feed medication was associated with lower sow mortality rate for all outcomes. Farms not performing bump feeding were associated with higher sow mortality due to lameness and prolapses, while Senecavirus A (SVA)-positive herds were associated with a higher mortality rate for total deaths and deaths due to lameness. Disease interactions (herds Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae positive and epidemic for PRRSV; SVA positive herds and epidemic for PRRSV) were associated with higher mortality rates compared to farms with single disease status. This study identified and measured the major risk factors associated with total sow mortality rate, sudden deaths, lameness deaths, and prolapse deaths in breeding herds under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo C Paiva
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | | | | | - Ben Haberl
- Iowa Select Farm Inc, Iowa Falls, IA, USA
| | - Laura Greiner
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Christopher J Rademacher
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Ana Paula S P Silva
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Giovani Trevisan
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Daniel C L Linhares
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Gustavo S Silva
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
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Serafini Poeta Silva AP, Khan K, Corbellini LG, Medeiros AA, Silva GS. Compliance of biosecurity practices for compartmentalization to foot-mouth disease and classical swine fever viruses in commercial swine companies from southern Brazil. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1125856. [PMID: 36968468 PMCID: PMC10030730 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1125856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Classical swine fever (CSF) and foot-mouth disease (FMD) are both highly contagious disease and disruptive to commercial trades, but they are examples of foreign animal diseases that biosecurity-based compartmentalization could be used to support trade in free zones in response to an outbreak. This study aimed to evaluate biosecurity compliance to the Federal Normative Instruction #44 from December 4th, 2017 (BRAZIL, 2017) in commercial swine farms located in southern Brazil. A total of 604 swine farms from 10 commercial swine companies were sampled, from which 28.5% were breeding farms, 29.1% nursery, 32.8% finishing, 6.8% multipliers, and 2.8% farrow-to-finish. Cluster analyses revealed that farms with high compliance (n = 303, Cluster 1) performed 71% of the practices, moderate (n = 219, Cluster 2) 47%, and the low (n = 82, Cluster 3) 33%. A spatial logistic regression model estimated that biosecurity compliance was highest in only one of 10 commercial swine companies, and within a company, multipliers (when present) obtained the highest biosecurity compliance (p-value < 0.01). These results suggest that major improvements in biosecurity practices are needed in breeding herds, nursery, and grow-finish farms to be compliant to the Federal Instruction #44. Based on the combination of these analyses, only one commercial swine company was more suitable to establish compartments for CSF and FMD with minimal investments. Still, this study revealed that the majority of commercial swine companies needs to improve biosecurity practice protocols to then target compartmentalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Serafini Poeta Silva
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Population Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Kori Khan
- Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | | | - Antônio Augusto Medeiros
- Secretaria de Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Gustavo S. Silva
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Population Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- *Correspondence: Gustavo S. Silva
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13
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Moraes DCA, L. Vincent Baker A, Wang X, Zhu Z, Berg E, Trevisan G, Zhang J, Jayaraman S, Linhares DCL, Gauger PC, S. Silva G. Veterinarian perceptions and practices in prevention and control of influenza virus in the Midwest United States swine farms. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1089132. [PMID: 36816189 PMCID: PMC9936088 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1089132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) is an endemic respiratory pathogen affecting swine worldwide and is a public health concern as a zoonotic pathogen. Veterinarians may respond to IAV infection in swine with varied approaches depending on their perception of its economic impact on human and animal health. This study considered three primary veterinary practice categories: swine exclusive veterinary practitioner, large animal practitioner, which corresponds to veterinarians that work predominantly with food animals including but not exclusively porcine, and mixed animal practitioner, which corresponds to veterinarians working with companion and food animals. This survey aimed to assess U.S. veterinarian perceptions, biosecurity practices, and control methods for IAV in swine. In this study, 54.5% (188/345) of the veterinarians that were targeted responded to all portions of the survey. The study results presented different perceptions regarding IAV among veterinarians in different types of veterinary practices and the current IAV mitigation practices implemented in swine farms based on strategic decisions. Collectively, this study also revealed the veterinarians' perceptions that IAV as a health problem in swine is increasing, IAV has a moderate economic impact, and there is a high level of concern regarding IAV circulating in swine. These findings highlight the need for IAV surveillance data, improved vaccine strategies, as well as important opportunities regarding methods of control and biosecurity. Additionally, results of this survey suggest biosecurity practices associated with the veterinarian's swine operations and prevention of zoonotic diseases can be strengthened through annual IAV vaccination of humans and support of sick leave policies for farm workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C. A. Moraes
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Amy L. Vincent Baker
- Virus and Prion Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA-ARS, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Zhengyuan Zhu
- Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Emily Berg
- Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Giovani Trevisan
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Jianqiang Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Swaminathan Jayaraman
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Daniel C. L. Linhares
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Phillip C. Gauger
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Gustavo S. Silva
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States,*Correspondence: Gustavo S. Silva ✉
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14
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Arend LS, Vinas RF, Silva GS, Lower AJ, Connor JF, Knox RV. Effects of nursing a large litter and ovarian response to gonadotropins at weaning on subsequent fertility in first parity sows. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skac398. [PMID: 36462197 PMCID: PMC9841157 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-weaning fertility failures occur more often in parity 1 (P1) sows due to high metabolic demands for lactation and their inability to meet energy requirements for maintenance, growth, and reproduction. We hypothesized that body condition loss occurs more frequently in P1 sows nursing a large litter, resulting in impairment of ovarian follicle development during lactation and post-weaning, which can negatively impact estrus and subsequent fertility. At 24 h post-farrowing, P1 sows (n = 123) were assigned to treatment (TRT) based on sow weight and the number of functional teats to receive a high number (HN, 15 to 16) or low number (LN, 12) of nursing piglets. At weaning, sows in each TRT were assigned to receive PG600 or None (Control). During lactation, sow body measures were obtained and ovarian follicles were assessed in mid-lactation and post-weaning. Lactation data were analyzed for the effects of TRT, and fertility data after weaning were assessed for TRT x PG600, but there were no interactions (P > 0.10). During lactation, 22.2 % of HN sows lost ≥ 4 piglets due to death or removal, and so these sows were excluded from further analysis. The HN sows were lighter (-6.2 kg), had less backfat (-1.0 mm), had lower body condition score (-0.4), and lost more nursing piglets (-1.2) than LN sows (P < 0.05). However, HN sows weaned more pigs (14.0) than LN sows (11.0). There was no effect of TRT on wean to estrus interval (4.2 d), but the interval was 0.5 days shorter for PG600 (P = 0.004) than control. There were no effects of TRT or PG600 on estrus within seven days after weaning (87.3 %), but PG600 induced smaller (P = 0.002) follicles at estrus (6.7 mm) than control (7.3 mm). In the subsequent parity, there were no effects of TRT or PG600 on farrowing rate (93.9%) and total born (13.2). Overall, HN sows lost more piglets and body condition but still weaned more pigs without any detrimental effects on subsequent reproductive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia S Arend
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Raquel F Vinas
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Gustavo S Silva
- Carthage Innovative Swine Solutions, LLC, Carthage, IL 62321, USA
| | - Aaron J Lower
- Carthage Veterinary Service, Ltd, Carthage, IL 62321, USA
| | | | - Robert V Knox
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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15
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Machado IF, Magalhães ES, Poeta Silva APS, Moraes DCA, Cezar G, Mil-Homens MP, Osemeke OH, Paiva R, Moura CAA, Gauger P, Trevisan G, Silva GS, Linhares DCL. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus RNA detection in tongue tips from dead animals. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:993442. [PMID: 36213411 PMCID: PMC9533096 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.993442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The control of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) hinges on monitoring and surveillance. The objective of this study was to assess PRRSV RNA detection by RT-PCR in tongue tips from dead suckling piglets compared to serum samples, processing fluids, and family oral fluids. Tongue tips and serum samples were collected from three PRRSV-positive breeding herd farms (farms A, B, and C) of three different age groups: newborns (<24 h), processing (2 to 7 days of age), and weaning (18 to 22 days of age). Additionally, processing fluids and family oral fluids were collected from 2–7 days of age and weaning age, respectively. In farms A and B, PRRSV RNA was detected in tongue tips from all age groups (100 and 95%, respectively). In addition, PRRSV RNA was detected in pooled serum samples (42 and 27%), processing fluids (100 and 50%), and family oral fluids (11 and 22%). Interestingly, the average Ct value from tongue tips was numerically lower than the average Ct value from serum samples in the newborn age. In farm C, PRRSV RNA was only detected in serum samples (60%) and family oral fluids (43%), both from the weaning age. Further, no PRRSV RNA was detected in tongue tips when pooled serum samples from the same age group tested PRRSV RNA-negative. Taken together, these results demonstrate the potential value of tongue tips for PRRSV monitoring and surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isadora F. Machado
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Edison S. Magalhães
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Ana Paula S. Poeta Silva
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Daniel C. A. Moraes
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Guilherme Cezar
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Mafalda P. Mil-Homens
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Onyekachukwu H. Osemeke
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Rodrigo Paiva
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | | | - Phillip Gauger
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Giovani Trevisan
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Gustavo S. Silva
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Daniel C. L. Linhares
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- *Correspondence: Daniel C. L. Linhares
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Varaksina EA, Kiskin MA, Lyssenko KA, Puntus LN, Korshunov VM, Silva GS, Freire RO, Taydakov IV. Tuning the luminescence efficiency by perfluorination of side chains in Eu 3+ complexes with β-diketones of the thiophene series. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:25748-25760. [PMID: 34755733 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02951g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A series of europium and gadolinium complexes comprising a β-diketone moiety modified with a fluorinated side-group and thiophene ring have been designed and synthesized and a comparative study of their luminescence properties has been carried out. In this study, when the methyl side group was modified by sequential addition of fluorine substituents and then the perfluorinated carbon chain was extended up to n-C8F17 by adding CF2 fragments, it transpired that the non-radiative energy processes are significantly suppressed in structurally more rigid polyfluorinated β-diketonate compounds of the series as C-H oscillators are replaced with low-energy C-F oscillators. The impact of other electron-withdrawing and electron-donating substituents on the spectroscopic and photophysical properties of the complexes in the present study has also been observed. Despite the presence of low-lying ligand-to-metal charge transfer states, the fluorinated Eu3+ complexes proved to be bright luminophores capable of delivering ca. 50% quantum yield under UV radiation. The role of fluorination and carbon chain length was examined by using experimental spectroscopic methods and the results obtained were largely in good agreement with theoretical calculations (Judd-Ofelt theory analysis, and semiempirical quantum chemistry calculations) supporting our key experimental findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniya A Varaksina
- P. N. Lebedev Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect 53, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Mikhail A Kiskin
- N.S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp. 31, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Konstantin A Lyssenko
- National Research University Higher School of Economics, Myasnitskaya st., 20, 101000, Moscow, Russia
| | - Lada N Puntus
- V.A. Kotel'nikov Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 11-7 Mokhovaya Str., Moscow, 125009, Russian Federation
| | - Vladislav M Korshunov
- P. N. Lebedev Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect 53, 119991 Moscow, Russia. .,Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 2-ya Baumanskaya Str. 5/1, 105005, Moscow, Russia
| | - Gustavo S Silva
- Pople Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 49.100-000 São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | - Ricardo O Freire
- Pople Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 49.100-000 São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | - Ilya V Taydakov
- P. N. Lebedev Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect 53, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
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Magalhães ES, Zimmerman JJ, Holtkamp DJ, Classen DM, Groth DD, Glowzenski L, Philips R, Silva GS, Linhares DCL. Next Generation of Voluntary PRRS Virus Regional Control Programs. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:769312. [PMID: 34805344 PMCID: PMC8602550 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.769312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) became pandemic in the 1980's and today remains one of the most significant pathogens of the global swine industry. At the herd level, control of PRRSV is complicated by its extreme genetic diversity and its ability to persist in pigs, despite an active immune response. Ultimately, PRRSV control or elimination requires the coordination and active cooperation of producers and veterinarians at the regional level. Early voluntary PRRSV regional control programs focused on routine diagnostic testing and voluntary data-sharing regarding the PRRSV status of participants' herds, but no pre-defined action plans or decision trees were developed to secure project successes (or recover from failures). Given that control of PRRSV is paramount to producer profitability, we propose a coordinated approach for detecting, controlling, and ultimately eliminating wild-type PRRSV from herds participating in regional projects. Fundamental to project success is real-time, multi-platform communication of all data, information, and events that concern the regional project and project participants. New to this approach is the concept of agreed-upon action plans to be implemented by project participants in response to specific events or situations. The simultaneous and coordinated implementation of these strategies allows for early detection of wild-type PRRSV virus introductions and rapid intervention based on agreed-upon response plans. An example is given of a project in progress in the Midwest USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edison S Magalhães
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Jeffrey J Zimmerman
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Derald J Holtkamp
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | | | - Douglas D Groth
- Carthage Veterinary Service, Ltd., Carthage, IL, United States
| | | | - Reid Philips
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health USA Inc., Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Gustavo S Silva
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Daniel C L Linhares
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
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Magalhães ES, Zimmerman JJ, Thomas P, Moura CAA, Trevisan G, Holtkamp DJ, Wang C, Rademacher C, Silva GS, Linhares DCL. Whole-herd risk factors associated with wean-to-finish mortality under the conditions of a Midwestern USA swine production system. Prev Vet Med 2021; 198:105545. [PMID: 34801793 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2021.105545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Swine wean-to-finish (W2F) mortality is a multifactorial, dynamic process and a key performance indicator of commercial swine production. Although swine producers typically capture the relevant data, analysis of W2F mortality risk factors is often hindered by the fact that, even if data is available, they are typically in different formats, non-uniform, and dispersed among multiple unconnected databases. In this study, an automated framework was created to link multiple data streams to specific cohorts of market animals, including sow farm productivity parameters, sow farm and growing pig health factors, facilities, management factors, and closeout data from a Midwestern USA production system. The final dataset (master-table) contained breeding-to-market data for 1,316 cohorts of pigs marketed between July 2018 and June 2019. Following integration into a master-table, continuous explanatory variables were categorized into quartiles averages, and the W2F mortality was log-transformed, reporting geometric mean mortality of 8.69 % for the study population. Further, univariate analyses were performed to identify individual variables associated with W2F mortality (p < 0.10) for further inclusion in a multivariable model, where model selection was applied. The final multivariable model consisted of 13 risk factors and accounted for 68.2 % (R2) of the variability of the W2F mortality, demonstrating that sow farm health and performance are closely linked to downstream W2F mortality. Higher sow farm productivity was associated with lower subsequent W2F mortality and, conversely, lower sow farm productivity with higher W2F mortality e.g., groups weaned in the highest quartiles for pre-weaning mortality and abortion rate had 13.5 %, and 12.5 %, respectively, which was statistically lower than the lowest quartiles for the same variables (10.5 %, and 10.6 %). Moreover, better sow farm health status was also associated with lower subsequent W2F mortality. A significant difference was detected in W2F mortality between epidemic versus negative groups for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (15.4 % vs 8.7 %), and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae epidemic versus negative groups (13.7 % vs 9.9 %). Overall, this study demonstrated the application of a whole-herd analysis by aggregating information of the pre-weaning phase with the post-weaning phase (breeding-to-market) to identify and measure the major risk factors of W2F mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edison S Magalhães
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Jeffrey J Zimmerman
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Pete Thomas
- Iowa Select Farms, Iowa Falls, IA, United States
| | | | - Giovani Trevisan
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Derald J Holtkamp
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Chong Wang
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States; Department of Statistics, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Christopher Rademacher
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Gustavo S Silva
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Daniel C L Linhares
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States.
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Sykes AL, Silva GS, Holtkamp DJ, Mauch BW, Osemeke O, Linhares DCL, Machado G. Interpretable machine learning applied to on-farm biosecurity and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 69:e916-e930. [PMID: 34719136 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Effective biosecurity practices in swine production are key in preventing the introduction and dissemination of infectious pathogens. Ideally, on-farm biosecurity practices should be chosen by their impact on bio-containment and bio-exclusion; however, quantitative supporting evidence is often unavailable. Therefore, the development of methodologies capable of quantifying and ranking biosecurity practices according to their efficacy in reducing disease risk has the potential to facilitate better-informed choices of biosecurity practices. Using survey data on biosecurity practices, farm demographics, and previous outbreaks from 139 herds, a set of machine learning algorithms were trained to classify farms by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus status, depending on their biosecurity practices and farm demographics, to produce a predicted outbreak risk. A novel interpretable machine learning toolkit, MrIML-biosecurity, was developed to benchmark farms and production systems by predicted risk and quantify the impact of biosecurity practices on disease risk at individual farms. By quantifying the variable impact on predicted risk, 50% of 42 variables were associated with fomite spread while 31% were associated with local transmission. Results from machine learning interpretations identified similar results, finding substantial contribution to predicted outbreak risk from biosecurity practices relating to the turnover and number of employees, the surrounding density of swine premises and pigs, the sharing of haul trailers, distance from the public road and farm production type. In addition, the development of individualized biosecurity assessments provides the opportunity to better guide biosecurity implementation on a case-by-case basis. Finally, the flexibility of the MrIML-biosecurity toolkit gives it the potential to be applied to wider areas of biosecurity benchmarking, to address biosecurity weaknesses in other livestock systems and industry-relevant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abagael L Sykes
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Gustavo S Silva
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Derald J Holtkamp
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Broc W Mauch
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Onyekachukwu Osemeke
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Daniel C L Linhares
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Gustavo Machado
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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Silva GS, Modesto ACF, Provin MP, Nahas LC, Barbosa MS, Tavares RS, Ferreira TXAM. ATUAÇÃO DO FARMACÊUTICO NA EQUIPE MULTIPROFISSIONAL DE SAÚDE – UM RELATO DE CASO DE FALHA TERAPÊUTICA POR POSSÍVEL INTERAÇÃO MEDICAMENTOSA E ARMAZENAMENTO INADEQUADO DO MEDICAMENTO EM UM PACIENTE PORTADOR DE LEUCEMIA MIELOIDE CRÔNICA. Hematol Transfus Cell Ther 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.htct.2021.10.791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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21
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López WA, Gauger PC, Harmon KM, Holtkamp DJ, Cano JP, Macedo N, Zhang M, Silva GS, Angulo J, Zimmerman JJ, Linhares DCL. Probability of PRRS virus detection in pooled processing fluid samples. Vet Microbiol 2021; 261:109190. [PMID: 34411996 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
There has been a tremendous increase in recent years of population-based diagnostic monitoring and surveillance strategies in swine populations. One example is the use of processing fluids (PF) to screen breeding herds for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) activity. An important question from practitioners using such methods is on how intensively can the sample be pooled. More specifically, processing fluids of how many litters can be pooled into a single sample for diagnostic testing to preserve a high probability of PRRSV RNA detection at low prevalence situations? The objective of this study was to model the effect of pooling PF samples on the probability of PRRSV RNA detection. For this study, a PRRSV-positive PF field sample with a RT-rtPCR quantification cycle (Cq) value of 28 was selected to represent a litter of 11 pigs with a single viremic piglet. PF samples from a PRRSV-naïve herd were used to perform 6 replications of 8 two-fold serial dilutions of the PRRSV-positive sample, thus modeling the pooling effect (dilution). Each two-fold dilution represented an increase in the number of PRRS-negative pigs in the sample by a factor of 2. Samples were tested for PRRSV RNA by RT-rtPCR and the data was analyzed using linear and probit regression models. There was an average increment of 1.37 points in Ct for each two-fold dilution. The estimated probability of testing positive on RT-rtPCR was 43 %, 80 %, and 95 % when there was a single PRRSv-positive piglet among 784, 492, and 323 PRRSv-negative piglets contributing to the sample respectively. Results from this study support the practice of collecting and aggregating PF samples from multiple litters for PRRSV RNA testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Will A López
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Lloyd Veterinary Medical Center, 1809 S Riverside Dr., Ames, IA 50011-3619, United States; PIC North America, 100 Bluegrass Commons Blvd #2200, Hendersonville, TN 37075, United States
| | - Phillip C Gauger
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Lloyd Veterinary Medical Center, 1809 S Riverside Dr., Ames, IA 50011-3619, United States
| | - Karen M Harmon
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Lloyd Veterinary Medical Center, 1809 S Riverside Dr., Ames, IA 50011-3619, United States
| | - Derald J Holtkamp
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Lloyd Veterinary Medical Center, 1809 S Riverside Dr., Ames, IA 50011-3619, United States
| | - Jean Paul Cano
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Lloyd Veterinary Medical Center, 1809 S Riverside Dr., Ames, IA 50011-3619, United States; Pipestone Veterinary Services, 1300 US-75, Pipestone, MN 56164, United States
| | - Nubia Macedo
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Lloyd Veterinary Medical Center, 1809 S Riverside Dr., Ames, IA 50011-3619, United States
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Statistics, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States
| | - Gustavo S Silva
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Lloyd Veterinary Medical Center, 1809 S Riverside Dr., Ames, IA 50011-3619, United States
| | | | - Jeffrey J Zimmerman
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Lloyd Veterinary Medical Center, 1809 S Riverside Dr., Ames, IA 50011-3619, United States
| | - Daniel C L Linhares
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Lloyd Veterinary Medical Center, 1809 S Riverside Dr., Ames, IA 50011-3619, United States.
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22
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Silva GS, Silva DA, Guilhelmelli F, Jerônimo MS, Cardoso-Miguel MRD, Bürgel PH, Castro RJA, de Oliveira SAM, Silva-Pereira I, Bocca AL, Tavares AH. Zymosan enhances in vitro phagocyte function and the immune response of mice infected with Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. Med Mycol 2021; 59:749-762. [PMID: 33550415 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myaa117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis is the major etiologic agent of Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM), the most frequent human deep mycosis in Latin America. It is proposed that masking of β-glucan in P. brasiliensis cell wall is a critical virulence factor that contributes to the development of a chronic disease characterized by a long period of treatment, which is usually toxic. In this context, the search for immunomodulatory agents for therapeutic purposes is highly desirable. One strategy is to use pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) ligands to stimulate the immune response mediated by phagocytes. Here, we sought to evaluate if Zymosan, a β-glucan-containing ligand of the PRRs Dectin-1/TLR-2, would enhance phagocyte function and the immune response of mice challenged with P. brasiliensis. Dendritic cells (DCs) infected with P. brasiliensis and treated with Zymosan showed improved secretion of several proinflammatory cytokines and expression of maturation markers. In addition, when cocultured with splenic lymphocytes, these cells induced the production of a potential protective type 1 and 17 cytokine patterns. In macrophages, Zymosan ensued a significant fungicidal activity associated with nitric oxide production and phagolysosome acidification. Importantly, we observed a protective effect of Zymosan-primed DCs delivered intranasally in experimental pulmonary PCM. Overall, our findings support the potential use of β-glucan-containing compounds such as Zymosan as an alternative or complementary antifungal therapy. LAY SUMMARY We report for the first time that Paracoccidioides brasiliensis-infected phagocytes treated with Zymosan (cell wall extract from bakers' yeast) show enhanced cytokine production, maturation, and fungal killing. Also, Zymosan-primed phagocytes induce a protective immune response in infected mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Silva
- Graduate Program in Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasília, UnB, Brasília, DF, Brazil.,Faculty of Ceilândia, University of Brasília, UnB, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - D A Silva
- Faculty of Ceilândia, University of Brasília, UnB, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - F Guilhelmelli
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Pathogenic Fungi. Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - M S Jerônimo
- Laboratory of Applied Immunology, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, UnB, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - M R D Cardoso-Miguel
- Graduate Program in Microbial Biology, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, UnB, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - P H Bürgel
- Laboratory of Applied Immunology, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, UnB, Brasília, DF, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Microbial Biology, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, UnB, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - R J A Castro
- Laboratory of Applied Immunology, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, UnB, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - S A M de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Applied Immunology, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, UnB, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - I Silva-Pereira
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Pathogenic Fungi. Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - A L Bocca
- Laboratory of Applied Immunology, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, UnB, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - A H Tavares
- Faculty of Ceilândia, University of Brasília, UnB, Brasília, DF, Brazil
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23
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Silva GS, Dutra JDL, da Costa NB, Alves S, Freire RO. Lanthanide Contraction in Lanthanide Organic Frameworks: A Theoretical and Experimental Study. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:7678-7684. [PMID: 32693596 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c05065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the lanthanide (Ln) contraction phenomenon has been analyzed for three-dimensional structures in the solid state. We chose to study an isostructural series of lanthanide organic frameworks (LOFs) of formula [Ln2(C4H4O4)3(H2O)2]n·H2O and 14 crystallographic structures (except promethium complex). The analysis of Ln contraction was made by analyzing the sum of all Ln-O bond lengths and the sum of all O-O distances, for the oxygen atoms of the coordination polyhedra, calculated with different semiempirical quantum mechanical models. The ∑Ln-O and ∑O-O for this LOF can be fit to a second-order polynomial. Based on the crystallographic structures, it is concluded that the phenomenon of Ln contraction is observed. Our results also suggest that the semiempirical Sparkle/PM3 and Sparkle/RM1 models reproduce the Ln contraction phenomenon well, and similar fits were obtained for ∑Ln-O and ∑O-O bond lengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo S Silva
- Pople Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Sergipe-UFS, 49100-000 São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | - José Diogo L Dutra
- Pople Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Sergipe-UFS, 49100-000 São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | - Nivan B da Costa
- Pople Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Sergipe-UFS, 49100-000 São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | - Severino Alves
- Department of Elemental Chemistry, Federal University of Pernambuco-UFPE, 50590-470 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Ricardo O Freire
- Pople Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Sergipe-UFS, 49100-000 São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
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Silva GS, Sullivan JK, Katz JN, Messier SP, Hunter DJ, Losina E. Long-term clinical and economic outcomes of a short-term physical activity program in knee osteoarthritis patients. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2020; 28:735-743. [PMID: 32169730 PMCID: PMC7357284 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2020.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Physical activity (PA) in the US knee osteoarthritis (OA) population is low, despite well-established health benefits. PA program implementation is often stymied by sustainability concerns. We sought to establish parameters that would make a short-term (3-year efficacy) PA program a cost-effective component of long-term OA care. METHOD Using a validated computer microsimulation (Osteoarthritis Policy Model), we examined the long-term clinical (e.g., comorbidities averted), quality of life (QoL), and economic impacts of a 3-year PA program, based upon the SPARKS (Studying Physical Activity Rewards after Knee Surgery) Trial, for inactive knee OA patients. We determined the cost, efficacy, and impact of PA on QoL and medical costs that would make a PA program a cost-effective addition to OA care. RESULTS Among the 14 million with knee OA in the US, >4 million are inactive. Participation of 10% in the modeled PA program could save 200 cases of cardiovascular disease, 400 cases of diabetes, and 6,800 quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs). The program had an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of $16,100/QALY. Tripling PA program cost ($860/year) raised the ICER to $108,300/QALY; varying QoL benefits from PA yielded ICERs of $8,800/QALY-$99,900/QALY; varying background cost savings from PA did not qualitatively impact ICERs. Offering the PA program to any adults with knee OA (not only inactive) yielded $31,000/QALY. CONCLUSION A PA program with 3-year efficacy in the knee OA population carried favorable long-term clinical and economic benefits. These results offer justification for policymakers and payers considering a PA intervention incorporated into knee OA care.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Silva
- Orthopaedic and Arthritis Center for Outcomes Research (OrACORe) and Policy and Innovation EValuation in Orthopaedic Treatments (PIVOT) Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - J K Sullivan
- Orthopaedic and Arthritis Center for Outcomes Research (OrACORe) and Policy and Innovation EValuation in Orthopaedic Treatments (PIVOT) Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - J N Katz
- Orthopaedic and Arthritis Center for Outcomes Research (OrACORe) and Policy and Innovation EValuation in Orthopaedic Treatments (PIVOT) Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Section of Clinical Sciences, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - S P Messier
- J.B. Snow Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Health and Exercise Science, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
| | - D J Hunter
- Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney and Rheumatology Department, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia.
| | - E Losina
- Orthopaedic and Arthritis Center for Outcomes Research (OrACORe) and Policy and Innovation EValuation in Orthopaedic Treatments (PIVOT) Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Section of Clinical Sciences, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
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Silva GS, Souza MM. Origin of the cultivated passion fruit Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa and genomic relationships among species of the subgenera Decaloba and Passiflora. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2020; 22:533-540. [PMID: 32058668 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa is the most economically important species in the genus Passiflora. However, the origin of this yellow form of passion fruit remains unclear, being suggested as a hybrid (P. edulis f. edulis × P. ligularis) or wild mutant. Here, the origin and genomic relationships of P. edulis f. flavicarpa with some related species in the genus Passiflora (subgenera Decaloba and Passiflora) were investigated using genomic in situ hybridization (GISH). Genomic DNA of 18 species was used as probe, which was hybridized onto chromosomes of P. edulis f. flavicarpa. Of all genomic DNA probes tested, none allowed us to identify a specific chromosome set in P. edulis f. flavicarpa. Conversely, probes from the subgenus Passiflora, P. edulis f. edulis, P. alata, P. cincinnata, P. coccinea, P. nitida and P. vitifolia, produced intense and uniform hybridizations on all chromosomes of P. edulis f. flavicarpa. Moreover, probes from P. ligularis, P. foetida and P. sublanceolata produced more intense hybridizations in the terminal region of four chromosomes, corresponding to the DNAr 45S locus, and also dispersed, less intense, hybridization across all chromosomes. Probes from the subgenus Decaloba, P. biflora, P. capsularis, P. cervii, P. coriacea, P. micropetala, P. morifolia, P. rubra and P. suberosa, produced hybridizations restricted to the DNAr 45S sites. The hybrid origin of P. edulis f. flavicarpa could not be supported based on the GISH results, and it is suggested that this species is conspecific with P. edulis f. edulis, because the probe with DNA of this form hybridized strongly throughout the target genome. The other putative parent species, P. ligularis, showed only a distant relationship with the target genome. The results also suggest that species of the subgenus Passiflora share many repetitive sequences and that the relationship between subgenera Decaloba and Passiflora is very distant.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Silva
- Laboratório de Melhoramento de Plantas, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, BA, Brasil
| | - M M Souza
- Laboratório de Melhoramento de Plantas, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, BA, Brasil
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Silva GS, Jahnke SM, Johnson NF. Riparian forest fragments in rice fields under different management: differences on hymenopteran parasitoids diversity. BRAZ J BIOL 2020; 80:122-132. [PMID: 31066765 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.194760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hymenopteran parasitoids are important biological control agents in agroecosystems, and their diversity can be increased with habitat heterogeneity. Thus, the purpose of the study is to evaluate the influence of distance of rice-growing areas from natural fragment, type of crop management (organic and conventional) and crop stages (vegetative and reproductive stages) on parasitoids family diversity. The work took place in two irrigated rice crops, one with organic management (O.M.) and another one with conventional management (C.M.), in the municipality of Nova Santa Rita, RS, Brazil, during the 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 seasons. The parasitoids were collected with Malaise trap arranged at different distances in relation to the native vegetation surrounding the rice crop in both places. Specimens were collected twice a month from seeding until the rice harvest. Average abundance between management, distances and rice development were compared. The most abundant families were Platygastridae, Mymaridae, Encyrtidae, Eulophidae and Trichogrammatidae. Parasitoid average abundance was significantly higher on OM only in the second season. There was a negative correlation between distance from native vegetation and parasitoid abundance in C.M. areas. There were differences in the composition of the parasitoid assembly between the phenological stages of rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Silva
- Departamento de Fitosanidade, Faculdade de Agronomia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 7712, CEP 91540-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.,Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Programa de Pós-graduação em Fitotecnia, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 7712, CEP 91540-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - S M Jahnke
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Programa de Pós-graduação em Fitotecnia, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 7712, CEP 91540-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - N F Johnson
- The Ohio State University, 1315 Kinnear Road, Columbus, OH, USA
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Mósena ACS, Weber MN, Cibulski SP, Silva MS, Paim WP, Silva GS, Medeiros AA, Viana NA, Baumbach LF, Puhl DE, Silveira S, Corbellini LG, Canal CW. Survey for pestiviruses in backyard pigs in southern Brazil. J Vet Diagn Invest 2020; 32:136-141. [PMID: 31924139 DOI: 10.1177/1040638719896303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Pestivirus genus comprises species that affect animal health and productivity worldwide. Members of the Suidae family are hosts for classical swine fever virus (CSFV), an important pathogen tracked by the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE). However, swine are also susceptible to other pestivirus species that can result in disease or compromise CSFV detection. We searched for pestivirus infection in swine sera collected from 320 backyard pig herds in southern Brazil. We used reverse-transcription PCR primers for Bungowannah virus; atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV); and a panpestivirus pair that detects bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV)-1, -2, and HoBi-like pestivirus (HoBiPeV), border disease virus (BDV), and CSFV. Two samples were positive using the panpestivirus primer pair and were classified as BVDV-1d and -2a, respectively. Serum samples were tested for virus neutralization against BVDV-1a, -1b, and -2 strains, resulting in 28 (4.4%) positive samples. Of those, 16 samples had the highest titers against BVDV-1a (2), BVDV-1b (5), and BVDV-2 (9). Our results indicate that Bungowannah virus, APPV, CSFV, BDV, and HoBiPeV have not been circulating in these specific backyard swine populations. However, ruminant pestiviruses were detected and must be considered in future pestivirus control programs conducted in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C S Mósena
- Laboratório de Virologia (Mosena, Weber, MS Silva, Pinto, Viana, Baumbach, Puhl, Silveira, Canal), Laboratório de Epidemiologia Veterinária (GS Silva, Medeiros, Corbellini), Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Secretaria da Agricultura, Pecuária e Irrigação (SEAPI), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (Medeiros).,Laboratório de Biotecnologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil (Cibulski)
| | - Matheus N Weber
- Laboratório de Virologia (Mosena, Weber, MS Silva, Pinto, Viana, Baumbach, Puhl, Silveira, Canal), Laboratório de Epidemiologia Veterinária (GS Silva, Medeiros, Corbellini), Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Secretaria da Agricultura, Pecuária e Irrigação (SEAPI), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (Medeiros).,Laboratório de Biotecnologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil (Cibulski)
| | - Samuel P Cibulski
- Laboratório de Virologia (Mosena, Weber, MS Silva, Pinto, Viana, Baumbach, Puhl, Silveira, Canal), Laboratório de Epidemiologia Veterinária (GS Silva, Medeiros, Corbellini), Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Secretaria da Agricultura, Pecuária e Irrigação (SEAPI), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (Medeiros).,Laboratório de Biotecnologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil (Cibulski)
| | - Mariana S Silva
- Laboratório de Virologia (Mosena, Weber, MS Silva, Pinto, Viana, Baumbach, Puhl, Silveira, Canal), Laboratório de Epidemiologia Veterinária (GS Silva, Medeiros, Corbellini), Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Secretaria da Agricultura, Pecuária e Irrigação (SEAPI), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (Medeiros).,Laboratório de Biotecnologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil (Cibulski)
| | - Willian P Paim
- Laboratório de Virologia (Mosena, Weber, MS Silva, Pinto, Viana, Baumbach, Puhl, Silveira, Canal), Laboratório de Epidemiologia Veterinária (GS Silva, Medeiros, Corbellini), Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Secretaria da Agricultura, Pecuária e Irrigação (SEAPI), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (Medeiros).,Laboratório de Biotecnologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil (Cibulski)
| | - Gustavo S Silva
- Laboratório de Virologia (Mosena, Weber, MS Silva, Pinto, Viana, Baumbach, Puhl, Silveira, Canal), Laboratório de Epidemiologia Veterinária (GS Silva, Medeiros, Corbellini), Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Secretaria da Agricultura, Pecuária e Irrigação (SEAPI), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (Medeiros).,Laboratório de Biotecnologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil (Cibulski)
| | - Antônio A Medeiros
- Laboratório de Virologia (Mosena, Weber, MS Silva, Pinto, Viana, Baumbach, Puhl, Silveira, Canal), Laboratório de Epidemiologia Veterinária (GS Silva, Medeiros, Corbellini), Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Secretaria da Agricultura, Pecuária e Irrigação (SEAPI), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (Medeiros).,Laboratório de Biotecnologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil (Cibulski)
| | - Nathália A Viana
- Laboratório de Virologia (Mosena, Weber, MS Silva, Pinto, Viana, Baumbach, Puhl, Silveira, Canal), Laboratório de Epidemiologia Veterinária (GS Silva, Medeiros, Corbellini), Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Secretaria da Agricultura, Pecuária e Irrigação (SEAPI), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (Medeiros).,Laboratório de Biotecnologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil (Cibulski)
| | - Letícia F Baumbach
- Laboratório de Virologia (Mosena, Weber, MS Silva, Pinto, Viana, Baumbach, Puhl, Silveira, Canal), Laboratório de Epidemiologia Veterinária (GS Silva, Medeiros, Corbellini), Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Secretaria da Agricultura, Pecuária e Irrigação (SEAPI), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (Medeiros).,Laboratório de Biotecnologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil (Cibulski)
| | - Daniela E Puhl
- Laboratório de Virologia (Mosena, Weber, MS Silva, Pinto, Viana, Baumbach, Puhl, Silveira, Canal), Laboratório de Epidemiologia Veterinária (GS Silva, Medeiros, Corbellini), Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Secretaria da Agricultura, Pecuária e Irrigação (SEAPI), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (Medeiros).,Laboratório de Biotecnologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil (Cibulski)
| | - Simone Silveira
- Laboratório de Virologia (Mosena, Weber, MS Silva, Pinto, Viana, Baumbach, Puhl, Silveira, Canal), Laboratório de Epidemiologia Veterinária (GS Silva, Medeiros, Corbellini), Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Secretaria da Agricultura, Pecuária e Irrigação (SEAPI), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (Medeiros).,Laboratório de Biotecnologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil (Cibulski)
| | - Luis G Corbellini
- Laboratório de Virologia (Mosena, Weber, MS Silva, Pinto, Viana, Baumbach, Puhl, Silveira, Canal), Laboratório de Epidemiologia Veterinária (GS Silva, Medeiros, Corbellini), Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Secretaria da Agricultura, Pecuária e Irrigação (SEAPI), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (Medeiros).,Laboratório de Biotecnologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil (Cibulski)
| | - Cláudio W Canal
- Laboratório de Virologia (Mosena, Weber, MS Silva, Pinto, Viana, Baumbach, Puhl, Silveira, Canal), Laboratório de Epidemiologia Veterinária (GS Silva, Medeiros, Corbellini), Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Secretaria da Agricultura, Pecuária e Irrigação (SEAPI), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (Medeiros).,Laboratório de Biotecnologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil (Cibulski)
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Silva GS, Machado G, Baker KL, Holtkamp DJ, Linhares DCL. Machine-learning algorithms to identify key biosecurity practices and factors associated with breeding herds reporting PRRS outbreak. Prev Vet Med 2019; 171:104749. [PMID: 31520874 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2019.104749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Investments in biosecurity practices are made by producers to reduce the likelihood of introducing pathogens such as porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSv). The assessment of biosecurity practices in breeding herds is usually done through surveys. The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of machine-learning (ML) algorithms to identify key biosecurity practices and factors associated with breeding herds self-reporting (yes or no) a PRRS outbreak in the past 5 years. In addition, we explored the use of the positive predictive value (PPV) of these models as an indicator of risk for PRRSv introduction by comparing PPV and the frequency of PRRS outbreaks reported by the herds in the last 5 years. Data from a case control study that assessed biosecurity practices and factors using a survey in 84 breeding herds in U.S. from 14 production systems were used. Two methods were developed, method A identified 20 variables and accurately classified farms that had reported a PRRS outbreak in the previous 5 years 76% of the time. Method B identified six variables which 5 of these had already been selected by model A, although model B outperformed the former model with an accuracy of 80%. Selected variables were related to the frequency of risk events in the farm, swine density around the farm, farm characteristics, and operational connections to other farms. The PPVs for methods A and B were highly correlated to the frequency of PRRSv outbreaks reported by the farms in the last 5 years (Pearson r = 0.71 and 0.77, respectively). Our proposed methodology has the potential to facilitate producer's and veterinarian's decisions while enhancing biosecurity, benchmarking key biosecurity practices and factors, identifying sites at relatively higher risk of PRRSv introduction to better manage the risk of pathogen introduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo S Silva
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States
| | - Gustavo Machado
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States
| | - Kimberlee L Baker
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States
| | - Derald J Holtkamp
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States
| | - Daniel C L Linhares
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States.
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Silva GS, Leotti VB, Castro SMJ, Medeiros AAR, Silva APSP, Linhares DCL, Corbellini LG. Assessment of biosecurity practices and development of a scoring system in swine farms using item response theory. Prev Vet Med 2019; 167:128-136. [PMID: 31027714 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2019.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Brazil is the fourth largest producer and exporter of pork in the world, but has never reported yet the occurrence of some economically important diseases such as porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) and porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED). Most of the swine farms in Brazil are characterized by intensive production being part of large integrated companies, where biosecurity practices help to prevent the introduction and spread of disease-causing infectious agents. The assessment of biosecurity in farms is not straightforward because of the large number of practices that constitute an on-farm biosecurity program. It is therefore necessary to combine the measurement of several parameters in order to characterize the level of biosecurity on a given farm. Thus, the objective of the study was to develop a biosecurity score to estimate the biosecurity level (theta or θ) in swine farms using the item response theory (IRT) and explore the relationship between the scores and independent variables. The IRT is a latent trait method extensively used in other fields, and offers the advantage to quantify the latent trait, here the biosecurity level, and to identify the practices that discriminate the farms avoiding the use of extensive questionnaires and redundant questions. In this study, 604 farms were evaluated in the main swine production regions of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Thirty-five practices were considered in order to quantify the biosecurity level on a given farm. After a recursive process 14 practices were selected to compose the biosecurity score to estimate the biosecurity level (θ). The variables identified with greater capacity of distinguishing the farms as to their biosecurity level were if the farm has 'feed bin outside of the barn limit (external feed loading)', has 'perimetral fence around the farm or barn', and if 'transit of trucks inside the farm is prohibited'. The biosecurity level was associated with some independent variables, e.g. the farm operation type, the integrated company and some owner characteristics. In addition, the results demonstrated that biosecurity practices related to management (internal biosecurity) are adopted with higher frequency compared to segregation and sanitation practices (external biosecurity). The IRT model proved useful and valid to estimate the biosecurity level in swine farms. Moreover, the biosecurity score described here has a relatively low number of items, which makes the application of this tool easier and faster compared to other previously described biosecurity assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo S Silva
- Laboratory of Veterinary Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil; Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine Department, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Vanessa B Leotti
- Department of Statistics, Institute of Mathematics and Statistics and Post-Graduate Program of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Stela M J Castro
- Department of Statistics, Institute of Mathematics and Statistics and Post-Graduate Program of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Antonio A R Medeiros
- Laboratory of Veterinary Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil; Department of Agriculture and Livestock of Rio Grande do Sul (SEAPI), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ana P S P Silva
- Laboratory of Veterinary Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Daniel C L Linhares
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine Department, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Luis G Corbellini
- Laboratory of Veterinary Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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da Silva MS, Silveira S, Caron VS, Mósena ACS, Weber MN, Cibulski SP, Medeiros AAR, Silva GS, Corbellini LG, Klein R, Kreutz LC, Frandoloso R, Canal CW. Backyard pigs are a reservoir of zoonotic hepatitis E virus in southern Brazil. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2019; 112:14-21. [PMID: 29554365 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/try017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the causative agent of acute hepatitis worldwide. There is no seroprevalence study in backyard farms, which are characterized by suboptimal hygienic conditions in Brazil. We aimed to determine the seroprevalence and genetic diversity of HEV in backyard pigs in Brazil. Methods Swine serum samples collected in 2012 (n=731) and 2014 (n=713) were analysed. The presence of anti-HEV immunoglobulin G in pig serum was evaluated by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was performed and phylogenetic analyses were carried out based on the partial ORF1 and ORF2 coding regions. Results Anti-HEV antibodies were detected in 77.6% (567/731; 95% confidence interval [CI] 74.5 to 90.6%) of serum samples in 2012 and 65.5% (467/713; 95% CI 62.0 to 69.0%) in 2014. The herd seroprevalence was 91.7% (187/204; 95% CI 91% to 99%) in 2012 and 83.7% (164/196; 95% CI 78% to 89%) in 2014. Further, HEV RNA was detected in 0.8% (6/713) of samples from 2014. Phylogenetic analysis showed three different genotype 3 subtypes with high similarity to human HEV strains. Conclusions This study showed that backyard pigs are a reservoir of HEV and alerts us to the need to control infection and spillover from backyard farms. GenBank accession numbers MF438128-MF438135.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S da Silva
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, CEP 91-540-000, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - S Silveira
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, CEP 91-540-000, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - V S Caron
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, CEP 91-540-000, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - A C S Mósena
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, CEP 91-540-000, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - M N Weber
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, CEP 91-540-000, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - S P Cibulski
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, CEP 91-540-000, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - A A R Medeiros
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - G S Silva
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - L G Corbellini
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - R Klein
- Laboratório de Microbiologia e Imunologia Avançada, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - L C Kreutz
- Laboratório de Microbiologia e Imunologia Avançada, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - R Frandoloso
- Laboratório de Microbiologia e Imunologia Avançada, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - C W Canal
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, CEP 91-540-000, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Transcranial Doppler is a method that enables the assessment of different cerebral hemodynamic parameters. It also allows for the evaluation of the presence of right-to-left circulation shunts (RLS) and for the detection of microembolic signals (MESs), which might be associated with an increased risk of cerebrovascular events. For instance, the presence of MESs on transcranial Doppler in patients with systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) and antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is associated with an increased risk of stroke. Therefore, transcranial Doppler could be a useful tool for stroke risk stratification in these patients. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to evaluate transcranial Doppler cerebral mean blood flow velocities as well as the presence of MESs and RLS in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome and SLE. PATIENTS AND METHODS Twenty-two patients with primary APS (PAPS), 24 patients with secondary APS (SAPS), 27 patients with SLE without APS and 21 healthy controls were evaluated. Clinical and epidemiological data were compiled from medical charts, and all subjects underwent transcranial Doppler examination with breath-holding index calculation. Both middle cerebral arteries were monitored for 60 min for the detection of MESs. RLS was investigated with agitated saline injected as a bolus. RESULTS There were no significant differences in mean blood flow velocities among the groups. MESs were more frequently found in patients with SLE when compared with controls and patients with APS (SLE: 17.4%, SAPS: 4.3%, PAPS: 0%, controls: 0%, p = 0.03). Anticoagulant therapy was more frequently used in the APS group (PAPS: 81.8%, SAPS: 75.2%, SLE: 1.7%, p < 0.001). Patients with APS had a higher frequency of RLS when compared with volunteers (63.6% versus 38.1%, p = 0.05). Breath-holding index values tended to be lower in patients with SAPS than in control subjects and patients with PAPS and SLE ( p = 0.06). CONCLUSIONS Patients with APS had a higher frequency of RLS than healthy controls. This finding alerts to the importance of cardiac investigation in patients with stroke and APS, because further therapies such as RLS occlusion might eventually add protection. The higher frequency of MES in patients with SLE could suggest an effect of anticoagulant therapy on MES prevention, more frequently used in patients with APS.
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Affiliation(s)
- I F Ricarte
- 1 Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L A Dutra
- 1 Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,2 Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - O G P Barsottini
- 1 Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A W S de Souza
- 3 Rheumatology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - D C O de Andrade
- 4 Rheumatology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Clp Mangueira
- 5 Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - G S Silva
- 1 Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,5 Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
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Silva GS, Zuravski L, Duarte MMMF, Machado MM, Oliveira LFS. Fluconazole induces genotoxicity in cultured human peripheral blood mononuclear cells via immunomodulation of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10: new challenges for safe therapeutic regimens. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2019; 41:123-129. [PMID: 30721634 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2019.1566357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Context: Fluconazole (FNZ) is a drug used in antifungal therapy. However, the minimum FNZ dose to interfering with immune responses or inducing DNA damage is still unknown. Objective: This study investigated the toxicological profile of FNZ on cultured human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) treated with different concentrations of this azole. Materials and methods: Cultured PBMCs were exposed to FNZ (6, 12, 30, 60 and 120 μg/mL) and the toxicological profile was assessed by the following parameters: cytotoxic and nuclear division index (necrotic, apoptotic and viable cells), DNA damage (alkaline comet test), mutagenic potential (micronucleus test), cytokine modulation (IL-1, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ), and predictive toxicity (Osiris® and LAZAR® programs). Results: Our results demonstrated that FNZ induced cellular DNA damage and mutagenicity at concentrations above the plasma peak (>30 μg/mL) and 6 μg/mL, respectively, which was associated with increased TNF-α, and decrease IL-6 and IL-10 concentrations. These effects may be related to increased apoptosis and cytotoxic nuclear division index in the cultured PBMCs. In silico results indicated potential mutagenic, tumorigenic, irritant, and carcinogenic effects, which were partially confirmed by the above assays. Discussion and conclusions: Together, these findings suggest the need to rationalize the use of FNZ, especially if it is used for long periods or with concomitant pathologies requiring azole therapy that may increase FNZ's plasma concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Silva
- a Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pampa , Uruguaiana , Brazil
| | - L Zuravski
- b Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Federal University of Pampa , Uruguaiana , Brazil
| | - M M M F Duarte
- c Department of Pharmacy , Pharmacy College, Lutheran University of Brazil , Santa Maria , Brazil
| | - M M Machado
- a Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pampa , Uruguaiana , Brazil
| | - L F S Oliveira
- a Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pampa , Uruguaiana , Brazil
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Silva GS, Corbellini LG, Linhares DLC, Baker KL, Holtkamp DJ. Development and validation of a scoring system to assess the relative vulnerability of swine breeding herds to the introduction of PRRS virus. Prev Vet Med 2018; 160:116-122. [PMID: 30388993 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Biosecurity is defined as the set of practices carried out to prevent the introduction and spread of infectious agents in a herd. These practices are essential in swine production, especially for highly infectious agents such as porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSv). Even with years of research and experience over the last three decades, PRRSv is still causing productivity losses and is the major health problem affecting the global swine industry. Despite knowledge of the various ways in which the virus can be transmitted from one herd to another (e.g. animals, semen, truck, air, and people), determining the most frequent ways in which the virus is transmitted in the field is difficult. A systematic approach to assess vulnerabilities at a herd level related to PRRSv transmission could help producers prioritize biosecurity practices to reduce or avoid the occurrence of outbreaks. The aim of this study was to develop a biosecurity vulnerability score that represents the relative vulnerability of swine breeding herds to the introduction of PRRSv. To create the biosecurity vulnerability score (outcome), a multi-criteria decision analysis methodology was used to rank and quantify biosecurity practices based on expert opinion. To validate the biosecurity vulnerability score, a survey of biosecurity practices and PRRS outbreak histories in 125 breed-to-wean herds in the U.S. swine industry was used. Data on the frequency of PRRS outbreaks was used to test the hypothesis that biosecurity vulnerability scores were different between farms that have a low incidence of PRRS outbreaks, compared to farms that have a high incidence. In the two databases used, the scores consistently showed that farms with higher scores have a higher frequency of PRRS outbreaks. In the first validation, farms that had never had an outbreak investigation before had a significant (p < 0.02) lower score (0.29; 0.21-0.37) when compared to farms that had 2 or more outbreaks (0.43; 0.39-0.46). In the second, the farms of the control group also had significant (p < 0.004) lower scores (0.30; 0.27-0.33) compared to the case group (0.35; 0.33-0.38). Also, the results suggest that events related to swine movements, transmission by air and water, and people movements should be prioritized. The biosecurity vulnerability scores may be useful to assess vulnerabilities on biosecurity protocols in order to reduce the frequency of PRRS outbreaks and may help producers and veterinarians prioritize investments in improving biosecurity practices over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo S Silva
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine Department, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States; Laboratory of Veterinary Epidemiology (Epilab), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luis G Corbellini
- Laboratory of Veterinary Epidemiology (Epilab), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Daniel L C Linhares
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine Department, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Kimberlee L Baker
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine Department, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Derald J Holtkamp
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine Department, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States.
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Lima SR, Stocco MB, Rondelli LA, Silva GS, Lopes RS, Furlan FH, Colodel EM, Pescador CA. Neoplasmas cutâneos em cães: 656 casos (2007-2014) em Cuiabá, MT. Pesq Vet Bras 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-5534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
RESUMO: Os neoplasmas cutâneos em cães apresentam elevada e relevante prevalência em todo o Brasil. Sendo assim, objetivou-se determinar a frequência e algumas características epidemiológicas dos neoplasmas cutâneos em cães diagnosticados no Laboratório de Patologia da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (LPV-UFMT), Cuiabá, entre os anos de 2007 a 2014. Foram revisados os protocolos de necropsias e biopsias do LPV-UFMT, de cães com neoplasmas cutâneos. Dados referentes à idade, sexo, raça dos cães afetados, localização anatômica, tamanho, diagnóstico histomorfológico e comportamento biológico foram coletados e analisados através de uma análise estatística descritiva. Adicionalmente o teste χ2, foi utilizado para associações entre comportamento biológico e tamanho da massa. Dos 3566 exames realizados, 656 (18,4%) foram diagnosticados como tumores cutâneos sendo cães adultos e idosos das raças Pit Bull, Boxer e Poodle os mais acometidos. Dentre os 11 padrões morfológicos mais diagnosticados o mastocitoma, carcinoma de células escamosas (CCE) e os tumores de origem vascular foram os mais frequentemente relatados. Em relação ao sítio anatômico, a cabeça foi a mais acometida. A maioria dos tumores benignos apresentaram menos de 1cm de diâmetro e os malignos de 3 a 5cm. O aumento de neoplasmas em adultos e idosos pode estar relacionado ao somatório de danos causados por agentes carcinogênicos e o comprometimento imunológico.
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Ricarte IF, Dutra LA, Abrantes FF, Toso FF, Barsottini OGP, Silva GS, de Souza AWS, Andrade D. Neurologic manifestations of antiphospholipid syndrome. Lupus 2018; 27:1404-1414. [DOI: 10.1177/0961203318776110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Neurological involvement in antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS) is common, and its occurrence increases morbidity and mortality. Patients may present variable neurological involvement, such as cerebrovascular disease, cognitive dysfunction, headache, seizures, movement disorders, multiple sclerosis-like syndrome, transverse myelitis and ocular symptoms. Most neurological manifestations are associated with thrombosis of the microcirculation or of large vessels; nonetheless, there is compelling evidence suggesting that, in some cases, symptoms are secondary to an immune-mediated pathogenesis, with direct binding of aPL on neurons and glia. Herein we describe clinical characteristics and management of neurological APS manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- I F Ricarte
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L A Dutra
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - F F Abrantes
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - F F Toso
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - O G P Barsottini
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - G S Silva
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A W S de Souza
- Rheumatology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - D Andrade
- Rheumatology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Becker M, Souza MA, Moraes LG, Silva GS, Antoniassi NA, Souza RL, Colodel EM. Bone quality evaluation of experimental osteometabolic disease in Pantanal alligators (Caiman yacare) by High Resolution Computerized Microtomography (μCT). Pesq Vet Bras 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-5725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT: Computerized microtomography is the gold standard examination for the evaluation of the three-dimensional bone structure. This experiment was developed to evaluate the structure and bone quality of Caiman yacare with metabolic bone disease using high resolution computerized microtomography (μCT). The animals were distributed into four groups: G1 - hyperphosphatemic diet with sun exposure deprivation (n=4), G2 - hyperphosphatemic diet with sun exposure (n=4), G3 - balanced diet with sun exposure deprivation (n=4), and G4 - balanced diet with exposure to sunlight (n=4). The parameters for the trabecular bone (Trabecular Number, Trabecular Thickness, Trabecular Separation, Bone Pattern Factor, Fractal Dimension, Euler Number, Structural Model Index, Degree of Anisotropy, Eigenvalues 1, 2 and 3, and Centroides X, Y and Z), and cortical bone (Number of Closed Pores, Volume of Closed Pores, Surface of Closed Pores, Closed Porosity, Volume of Open Pores, Open Porosity and Total Porosity). The overall results showed that the structure and bone quality of group G3 and G4 were better than those of groups G1 and G2, and that the diet factor influenced more than the sun exposure factor. The computerized microtomography allowed to evaluate the quality of the cortical and trabecular bones of the Pantanal alligator tibia with osteometabolic disease. The diet and sun exposure factors influenced individually the results of the μCT parameters between the groups, demonstrating the functional and structural complexity. Thus, these parameters can contribute to the interpretation of the mechanical behavior of bones and correlate them with the risk of lesions and fractures associated with osteometabolic diseases.
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Wurster F, Bassuino DM, Silva GS, Oliveira-Filho JP, Borges AS, Pavarini SP, Driemeier D, Sonne L. Granuloma leproide canino: estudo de 27 casos. Pesq Vet Bras 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2017001100017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
RESUMO: O granuloma leproide canino (GLC) é uma doença micobacteriana que cursa com lesão nodular, cutânea ou subcutânea, tipicamente auto limitante, decorrente de infecção pelo Mycobacterium. É uma doença dermatológica rara, usualmente relatada em países de clima tropical. O objetivo deste trabalho é caracterizar as alterações microscópicas e epidemiológicas de casos de GLC. Além disso, utilizar exames complementares para demonstração do Mycobacterium sp. na lesão analisada utilizando coloração de Ziehl-Neelsen, imuno-histoquímica e PCR para classificação e sequenciamento da espécie de Mycobacterium. Foram analisados 27 casos de GLC diagnosticados no período compreendido de 2005 a 2014 (21 exames histológicos e seis citológicos). A raça mais acometida foi Boxer (33,3%), seguida da Dachshund (11,1%). Foi frequente o acometimento de caninos de grande porte (64%) e de pelame curto (96%). Não foi possível estabelecer qualquer padrão de sazonalidade do GLC. As lesões se localizaram anatomicamente no pavilhão auricular na maioria dos casos (93%), constituindo-se de nódulos únicos ou múltiplos, ulcerados ou não. Em nenhum dos casos foi observado acometimento sistêmico. Lesões histológicas seguiram três padrões que variaram de nodulares a difusos, com infiltrado granulomatoso/piogranulomatoso com envolvimento de derme superficial e profunda. A observação de bacilos pela coloração de Ziehl-Neelsen confirmou o diagnóstico. Este teste demonstrou grande variação na quantidade de bacilos nas lesões, não relacionado estatisticamente ao tipo da lesão nem ao período evolutivo. A imuno-histoquímica foi positiva em 90% dos casos, e em alguns casos facilitou a identificação de bacilos, entretanto, em dois casos ocorreram resultados negativos mesmo havendo marcação pela coloração de Ziehl-Neelsen. Na técnica de PCR realizada em 18 amostras, 44% dos casos foram positivos, duas sequências inespecíficas, e demonstrou ainda, que Mycobacterium murphy foi responsável por 2 casos e Mycobacterium hodleri em um caso. Em outros três casos não se obteve 100% de semelhança entre o produto sequenciado e os demais Mycobacterium.
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Lavinscky MP, Souza MM, Silva GS, Melo CAF. Contributions of classical and molecular cytogenetic in meiotic analysis and pollen viability for plant breeding. Genet Mol Res 2017; 16:gmr-16-03-gmr.16039582. [PMID: 28973718 DOI: 10.4238/gmr16039582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The analysis of meiotic behavior has been widely used in the study of plants as they provide relevant information about the viability of a species. Meiosis boasts a host of highly conserved events and changes in genes that control these events will give rise to irregularities that can alter the normal course of meiosis and may lead to complete sterility of the plant. The recombination of genes that occur in meiosis is an important event to generate variability and has been important in studies for genetic improvement and to create viable hybrids. The use of fluorescence in situ hybridization and genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) in meiosis allows the localization of specific regions, enables to differentiate genomes in a hybrid, permits to observe the pairing of homoeologous chromosomes, and if there was a recombination between the genomes of progenitor species. Furthermore, the GISH allows us to observe the close relationship between the species involved. This article aims to report over meiosis studies on plants and hybrids, the use and importance of molecular cytogenetic in meiotic analysis and contributions of meiotic analysis in breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Lavinscky
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, BA, Brasil
| | - M M Souza
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, BA, Brasil
| | - G S Silva
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, BA, Brasil
| | - C A F Melo
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, BA, Brasil
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Rondelli LA, Silva GS, Bezerra KS, Rondelli AL, Lima SR, Furlan FH, Pescador CA, Colodel EM. Doenças de bovinos em Mato Grosso diagnosticadas no Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária da UFMT (2005-2014). Pesq Vet Bras 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2017000500002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
RESUMO: Foi realizado um levantamento nos arquivos do Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária (LPV) da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT) das doenças de bovinos registradas entre os anos 2005 a 2014. Foram revisados 1124 casos. Destes, 27,6% foram amostras obtidas de necropsias realizadas por técnicos do LPV-UFMT e 72,3% foram amostras encaminhadas ao LPV-UFMT por veterinários de campo. Em 49,38% dos casos (555/1124) o diagnóstico da doença foi feito através da análise morfológica de lesões e/ou através de exames complementares. Raiva foi a principal causa de morte de bovinos neste estudo (7,82%). As doenças inflamatórias e parasitárias foram as mais prevalentes sendo diagnosticadas em 27,49% dos casos, seguida das doenças tóxicas e toxiinfecções com 9,78%. As demais categorias foram distribuídas em ordem decrescente em: neoplasmas e lesões tumoriformes (4%), doenças degenerativas (3,02%), distúrbios causados por agentes físicos (2,84%), distúrbios metabólicos e nutricionais (1,42%) e outras categorias (0,71%).
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Marques ELS, Dias JCT, Silva GS, Pirovani CP, Rezende RP. Effect of organic matter enrichment on the fungal community in limestone cave sediments. Genet Mol Res 2016; 15:gmr8611. [PMID: 27706694 DOI: 10.4238/gmr.15038611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Caves are considered major touristic attractions. The management plans of many such caves include limiting the number of visitors; however, the human impact on microbial communities within caves is rarely considered. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of human-transferred organic matter on the fungal microcosms growing on cave sediments. Samples were collected from a Brazilian limestone cave and cultured with 0.25 or 0.5% 1:1 (w/w) beef and yeast extract (simulating organic matter) under laboratory conditions. The contaminated fungal community was then evaluated at days 0, 30, 180, and 365 after inoculation by polymerase chain reaction denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. We observed changes in the fungal communities with time, as well as the concentration of added organic matter, compared to the control fungal communities. Additionally, the contaminated microcosms showed a greater number of operational taxonomic units compared to the controls. These findings suggest that tourist activity could cause fungal outbreaks of possible human pathogens, demonstrating the importance of fungal monitoring in these caves.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L S Marques
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Microbiana, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, BA, Brasil
| | - J C T Dias
- Laboratório de Monitoramento Ambiental, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, BA, Brasil
| | - G S Silva
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Microbiana, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, BA, Brasil
| | - C P Pirovani
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, BA, Brasil
| | - R P Rezende
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Microbiana, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, BA, Brasil .,Laboratório de Monitoramento Ambiental, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, BA, Brasil
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Bassuino DM, Konradt G, Cruz RAS, Silva GS, Gomes DC, Pavarini SP, Driemeier D. Characterization of spinal cord lesions in cattle and horses with rabies: the importance of correct sampling. J Vet Diagn Invest 2016; 28:455-60. [PMID: 27240569 DOI: 10.1177/1040638716647992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Twenty-six cattle and 7 horses were diagnosed with rabies. Samples of brain and spinal cord were processed for hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry (IHC). In addition, refrigerated fragments of brain and spinal cord were tested by direct fluorescent antibody test and intracerebral inoculation in mice. Statistical analyses and Fisher exact test were performed by commercial software. Histologic lesions were observed in the spinal cord in all of the cattle and horses. Inflammatory lesions in horses were moderate at the thoracic, lumbar, and sacral levels, and marked at the lumbar enlargement level. Gitter cells were present in large numbers in the lumbar enlargement region. IHC staining intensity ranged from moderate to strong. Inflammatory lesions in cattle were moderate in all spinal cord sections, and gitter cells were present in small numbers. IHC staining intensity was strong in all spinal cord sections. Only 2 horses exhibited lesions in the brain, which were located mainly in the obex and cerebellum; different from that observed in cattle, which had lesions in 25 cases. Fisher exact test showed that the odds of detecting lesions caused by rabies in horses are 3.5 times higher when spinal cord sections are analyzed, as compared to analysis of brain samples alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele M Bassuino
- Department of Pathology Veterinary, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (Bassuino, Konradt, Cruz, Pavarini and Driemeier)Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (Silva)Department of Clinical Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil (Gomes)
| | - Guilherme Konradt
- Department of Pathology Veterinary, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (Bassuino, Konradt, Cruz, Pavarini and Driemeier)Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (Silva)Department of Clinical Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil (Gomes)
| | - Raquel A S Cruz
- Department of Pathology Veterinary, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (Bassuino, Konradt, Cruz, Pavarini and Driemeier)Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (Silva)Department of Clinical Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil (Gomes)
| | - Gustavo S Silva
- Department of Pathology Veterinary, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (Bassuino, Konradt, Cruz, Pavarini and Driemeier)Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (Silva)Department of Clinical Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil (Gomes)
| | - Danilo C Gomes
- Department of Pathology Veterinary, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (Bassuino, Konradt, Cruz, Pavarini and Driemeier)Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (Silva)Department of Clinical Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil (Gomes)
| | - Saulo P Pavarini
- Department of Pathology Veterinary, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (Bassuino, Konradt, Cruz, Pavarini and Driemeier)Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (Silva)Department of Clinical Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil (Gomes)
| | - David Driemeier
- Department of Pathology Veterinary, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (Bassuino, Konradt, Cruz, Pavarini and Driemeier)Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (Silva)Department of Clinical Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil (Gomes)
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Boos GS, Bassuino DM, Wurster F, Castro NB, Watanabe TT, Silva GS, Sonne L, Driemeier D. Retrospective canine skin peripheral nerve sheath tumors data with emphasis on histologic, immunohistochemical and prognostic factors. Pesq Vet Bras 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2015001200005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract: In this retrospective study was determined the frequency of canine skin peripheral nerve sheath tumors (PNST) in cases diagnosed by the Setor de Patologia Veterinária of the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (SPV-UFRGS), Brazil, between the years 2000 and 2012. The canine profiles, as well as histological, immunohistochemical and prognostic aspects of the tumors were based on 70 samples, comprising 40 females, 29 males and one unspecified sample. Between 2000 and 2012, 2,984 skin tumors of dogs were diagnosed in the SPV-UFRGS, totaling 2.34% of skin neoplasms in dogs. Animals that comprised the largest amount of samples (43%) were those with no breed (SRD), followed by German Shepherds (10%). Females were more affected than males (40/70 - 57% and 29/70 - 41% respectively). Skin PNST of this research showed predominant localization on the limbs (40% in the forelimbs and 29% in the hindlimbs); affecting adult dogs, mostly aged between 8 and 11 years (54%). The samples were routinely processed for hematoxylin and eosin, and were also evaluated by toluidine blue and Masson's trichrome staining, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) anti-vimentin, -S-100, -GFAP, -actin, von Willebrand factor and neurofilament. Anisocytosis and anisokaryosis, mitotic index, intratumoral necrosis, invasion of adjacent tissues, tumor location, local recurrence and metastasis were related to the diagnosis of benign (49/70) or malignant tumor (21/70). The Antoni A histological pattern was observed more frequently in benign tumors. The immunohistochemistry helped to diagnose PNST, and anti-vimentin and anti-protein S-100 showed the highest rates of immunostaining. Throughout statistical analysis of animals with tumor recurrence, it was found that the chance of an animal with a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor to develop recurrence is 4.61 times higher than in an animal that had a benign tumor.
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Melo CAF, Silva GS, Souza MM. Establishment of the genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) technique for analysis in interspecific hybrids of Passiflora. Genet Mol Res 2015; 14:2176-88. [PMID: 25867365 DOI: 10.4238/2015.march.27.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) technique was applied to Passiflora interspecific F1 HD13-133 hybrids (Passiflora sublanceolata x Passiflora foetida) and HD15-101 (Passiflora gardineri x Passiflora gibertii), and the backcrossed hybrids (BC1) HD18-106 and HD18-113 (Passiflora sublanceolata x HD13-133). GISH was performed using genomic probes prepared with the DNA from the paternal genitor, whereas the maternal DNA was used as blocking DNA and employed at various concentrations (20X, 40X, 60X, and 100X) in relation to the probe concentration. At the same time, GISH was applied with the use of simultaneous probes from both genomes, paternal and maternal, that were detected with avidin-FITC and anti-digoxigenin-rhodamine, respectively. Both methodologies allowed the distinguishing of the maternal and paternal genomes, thus confirming the hybrid nature of all the analyzed genotypes. Furthermore, the presence of recombinant chromosomes in BC1 hybrids revealed the occurrence of meiotic recombination in HD13 hybrids. This application of the GISH technique is an important step towards genomic analyses of Passiflora hybrids: it can broaden the phylogenetic and evolutionary studies of the genus and, at the same time, contribute to breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A F Melo
- Laboratório de Melhoramento de Plantas, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, BA, Brasil
| | - G S Silva
- Laboratório de Melhoramento de Plantas, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, BA, Brasil
| | - M M Souza
- Laboratório de Melhoramento de Plantas, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, BA, Brasil
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Soares JM, Cançado HR, Sousa AA, Moraes GM, Carvalho JR, Silva GS, Porcaro-Salles JM. Prognostic factors for surgically resected squamous cell carcinoma of the lower oral cavity. Minerva Stomatol 2014; 63:341-349. [PMID: 25503093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of clinical variables on survival rates in patients with squamous cell carcinomas in the lower oral cavity. METHODS We conducted a retrospective study of patients who exhibited a histological diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma of the lower oral cavity, who underwent surgery. Data on clinical, histological, and treatment variables were collected to assess the effect of these variables on global survival and disease-free curves. RESULTS We studied 117 patients, 86 (73.5%) males and 31 (26.5%) females, who underwent surgery between January 2005 and June 2009. The overall survival rate was 74.4% after two years, and the disease-free rate was 67.5%. Midline invasion by the primary tumor negatively impacted overall survival (P=0.02) and disease-free survival (P=0.01). The disease-free survival rate of patients with histologically confirmed neck metastases was 76.8% versus 59% for patients without metastases (P=0.01). Disease-free survival of patients with one affected lymph node was 89.5%, and 45.2% for more than one affected lymph node (P<0.01). Patients who ended radiotherapy in less than 60 days exhibited a disease-free rate of 59.0%, and patients whose treatment lasted more than 60 days exhibited a rate of 77.1% (P=0.06). CONCLUSION In our study, primary tumor invasion of the midline, the presence of more than one affected lymph node as confirmed by histology, the delaying radiotherapy for more than 56 days and radiotherapy that lasted longer than 60 days worsen patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Soares
- Head and Neck Surgery Department General Hospital of São João de Deus Divinopolis, MG, Brazil
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Silva MAA, Souza MM, Silva GS, Melo CAF, Corrêa RX, Araújo IS, Conceição LDHCS. Analysis of transferability of microsatellite primers (SSR) in wild Passiflora species and intraspecific genetic diversity in Passiflora alata. Genet Mol Res 2014; 13:5908-18. [PMID: 25117349 DOI: 10.4238/2014.august.7.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The genus Passiflora L. is the most representative of Passifloraceae, with over 500 known species, among which 150-200 originated from Brazil. In addition to the great commercial importance of this genus for the fruit market, many of the species have exotic flowers with a huge diversity of colors and can thereby be exploited as ornamental plants. This study was aimed at investigating the transferability of microsatellite primers in wild Passiflora species (P. cacao, P. cincinnata, P. glandulosa, P. gibertii, and P. mucronata) and characterizing 29 P. alata accessions using microsatellite primers that were previously developed in a library enriched with microsatellites from P. edulis f. flavicarpa for P. alata. The interspecies cross-amplification rate varied, and P. cacao exhibited the highest rate of amplification, suggesting a greater degree of proximity to P. edulis. The study of intraspecific accessions in P. alata found genetic similarity, with values ranging from 0.47 to 1.00 and an average similarity of 0.74. Hence, this study revealed the intraspecific genetic variability of P. alata in the Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz's Active Germplasm Bank and will lead to the adoption of mating strategies between accessions; thus making their use more suitable for breeding purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A A Silva
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, BA, Brasil
| | - M M Souza
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, BA, Brasil
| | - G S Silva
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, BA, Brasil
| | - C A F Melo
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, BA, Brasil
| | - R X Corrêa
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, BA, Brasil
| | - I S Araújo
- Departamento de Ciências Vegetais, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Mossoró, RN, Brasil
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Gaeti JGLN, Lana MVC, Silva GS, Lerner L, de Campos CG, Haruni F, Colodel EM, Costa EF, Corbellini LG, Nakazato L, Pescador CA. Ureaplasma diversum as a cause of pustular vulvovaginitis in bovine females in Vale Guapore, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Trop Anim Health Prod 2014; 46:1059-63. [PMID: 24817480 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-014-0614-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Ureaplasma diversum has been associated with various reproductive problems in cattle that include granular vulvovaginitis, weak calves, and abortion. This study was conducted in a beef herd situated in the Middle-West region of Brazil, and the objectives were to verify the presence of U. diversum and to elucidate its possible relationships with independent variables in this bovine herd population. A total of 134 vaginal mucous swabs were taken for polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Of these, 51 (38 %) were PCR positive for U. diversum. Of the 58 heifers with vulvovaginal lesions characterized by hyperemia, granulated lesions, and edema distributed throughout the vulvar mucosa, 37 (64 %) were U. diversum positive; of the 76 heifers without reproductive lesions, 14 (18 %) were U. diversum positive. All tested samples were negative for bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1). Multivariate logistic regression revealed that the following two variables were significantly associated with the presence of U. diversum: the presence of vulvar lesions (p = 0.001) and the presence of a progesterone (P4) device (p = 0.001). These findings indicate that U. diversum should be considered a pathogen that is associated with pustular vulvovaginitis in heifers from the Mato Grosso state and that additional studies of the risk factors associated with intravaginal P4 device transmission should be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Guilherme L N Gaeti
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av. Fernando Corrêa da Costa 2367, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, CEP 78069-900, Brazil
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Sousa AA, Porcaro-Salles JM, Soares JMA, de Moraes GM, Silva GS, Sepulcri RA, Savassi-Rocha PR. Does early oral feeding increase the likelihood of salivary fistula after total laryngectomy? J Laryngol Otol 2014; 128:1-7. [PMID: 24736040 DOI: 10.1017/s0022215114000747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Objective: This study compared the incidence of salivary fistula between groups with an early or late reintroduction of oral feeding, and identified the predictive factors for salivary fistula. Methods: A randomised trial was performed using 89 patients with larynx or hypopharynx cancer, assigned to 2 groups (early or late). In the early group, oral feeding was started 24 hours after total laryngectomy or total pharyngolaryngectomy, and in the late group, it was started from post-operative day 7 onwards. The occurrence of salivary fistula was evaluated in relation to the following variables: early or late oral feeding, nutritional status, cancer stage, surgery performed, and type of neck dissection. Results: The incidence of salivary fistula was 27.3 per cent (n = 12) in the early group and 13.3 per cent (n = 6) in the late group (p = 0.10). The following variables were not statistically significant: nutritional status (p = 0.45); tumour location (p = 0.37); type of surgery (p = 0.91) and type of neck dissection (p = 0.62). A significant difference (p = 0.02) between the free margins and invasive carcinoma was observed. Conclusion: The early reintroduction of oral feeding in total laryngectomised patients did not increase the incidence of salivary fistula.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Sousa
- Instituto Alfa de Gastroenterologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - J M Porcaro-Salles
- Instituto Alfa de Gastroenterologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - J M A Soares
- Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - G M de Moraes
- Instituto Alfa de Gastroenterologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - G S Silva
- Instituto Alfa de Gastroenterologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - R A Sepulcri
- Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - P R Savassi-Rocha
- Instituto Alfa de Gastroenterologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Rech RR, Silva MCD, Langohr IM, Marques MG, Pescador CA, Silva GS, Dutra MC, Brum JS, Kramer B, Bordin LC, Silva VS. Nem tudo que parece ser, é lesão: aspectos anatômicos, não lesões, artefatos, lesões sem significado clínico e alterações post mortem encontrados na necropsia de suínos domésticos e selvagens (Sus scrofa). Pesq Vet Bras 2013. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2013001000010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A interpretação das alterações encontradas na necropsia é uma etapa importante para o sucesso do diagnóstico final. Este trabalho tem como objetivo descrever e ilustrar os aspectos anatômicos, não lesões, artefatos, lesões sem significado clínico e alterações post mortem encontradas em suínos domésticos e selvagens. Além disso, também se recomenda técnicas de colheita de tecidos para o diagnóstico de doenças que acometem essa espécie. Os principais aspectos anatômicos e não lesões descritos são fímbrias linguais, quadrilátero esofágico, toro pilórico e demarcação do padrão lobular do fígado (sistema gastrintestinal); tonsilas do palato mole, tecido linfoide associado ao estômago, placas de Peyer do intestino delgado e dobras da margem do baço (sistema hematopoiético); mediastino proeminente do testículo e aréolas da placenta (sistema reprodutor); atelectasia pulmonar e apêndice decidual (feto); e glândulas carpais (sistema tegumentar). Os artefatos de eutanásia abordados são petéquias na superfície do pulmão e rim, falsa anemia por sangria, hemorragia subdural por concussão cerebral, pseudo-infartos do baço e aspecto cerebriforme do intestino delgado. As lesões de pouco significado clínico descritas são cistos renais, linfonodos com pigmento de ferro, papilomas e hemangiomas no escroto, ossos no mesentério e hiperemia da mucosa gástrica. As alterações post mortem comumente encontradas são livor mortis, músculos pálidos, pseudomelanose e líquido serosanguinolento nas cavidades torácica e abdominal em fetos.
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Abstract
Genomic in situ hybridization (GISH), which is a modification of fluorescent in situ hybridization, has been widely used in the study of plants. It has become one of the most important techniques for molecular cytogenetics. GISH is a technique that allows distinguishing the genomes in a cell. With this technique, it is possible to differentiate the genomes in a hybrid; consequently, this tool has been applied to the study of hybrid lineages, genetic improvement programs, and studies of the evolution of polyploids. Moreover, GISH can be applied to the analysis of the meiotic behavior in hybrids and polyploids, providing information concerning the relationship between species. This review presents the wide application of this technique in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Silva
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, BA, Brasil
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Luiz DB, Silva GS, Vaz EAC, José HJ, Moreira RFPM. Evaluation of hybrid treatments to produce high quality reuse water. Water Sci Technol 2011; 63:2046-2051. [PMID: 21902048 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2011.468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Four tertiary hybrid treatments to produce high quality reused water, fulfilling Brazilian drinking water regulations, from a slaughterhouse's secondary treated effluent were evaluated. The pilot plant with a capacity of 500 L h(-1) was set up and consisted of these stages: pre-filtration system (cartridge filter 50 micron, activated carbon filter, cartridge filter 10 micron), oxidation (H2O2) or second filtration (ceramic filter, UF) followed by UV radiation (90 L h(-1)). The best combination was T4: pre-filtration followed by H2O2 addition and UV radiation (AOP H2O2/UV). Disinfection kinetics by T4 followed pseudo first-order kinetics: k(T4) = 0.00943 s(-1) or 0.00101 cm2 mJ(-1). Three different zones (A, B, C) were observed in the UV254 degradation kinetics (pseudo-first order kinetics): k' decreased over time (k'(A) > k'(B) > k'(C)).
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Affiliation(s)
- D B Luiz
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, Trindade, 88040-970, CP. 476, Florianópolis/SC, Brazil.
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