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Hearsey D, Bamford K, Hutton M, Wade L, Coates H, Ramsay E, Alberts BA, Powell N. P03 Identification of intervention opportunities through assessment of the appropriateness of antibiotic prescribing in surgical patients in a UK hospital using a national audit tool: a single centre retrospective audit. JAC Antimicrob Resist 2023. [DOI: 10.1093/jacamr/dlac133.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Identifying opportunities to safely reduce antibiotic prescribing is necessary for prescribers and antibiotic stewardship teams to minimize unwarranted antibiotic use. We aimed to quantify excess antibiotic use in General Surgery.
Methods
We retrospectively audited the antibiotic prescribing for patients discharged from the General Surgery specialty in an acute hospital in the south-west of England between 01/08/21 and 31/08/21 using an audit tool developed by Public Health England. The appropriateness of prescribing was determined for each patient at three antibiotic decision time-points: at initiation, the pre-72h antibiotic review, and treatment duration. Two infection specialists and a general surgeon reviewed each patient. Indication and excess days of therapy (DOTs) were calculated at each decision time-point and expressed as a proportion of total DOTs.
Results
Eighty-six patients were prescribed 1162 DOTs; 192 (16.5%) excess DOTs were prescribed in 38 patients (44%), with zero excess days identified in the remaining 48 patients (56%). Seventy-five of 192 (39%) excess DOTs occurred at initiation; 55/192 (29%) after the pre-72hour antibiotic review; and 62/192 (32%) due to protracted antibiotic courses. There was concordance between the general surgeon and infection specialist for the majority of apportioned excess DOTs. However, the surgeon apportioned fewer excess DOTs 160/1162 (13.8%). Overall IV antibiotics accounted for 53.4% of total DOTs. Seventy-two of 86 (83.7%) patients received 620 intravenous DOTs; of these, 79 (12.7%) IV DOTS were unnecessary.
Conclusions
We have identified excess antibiotic prescribing in General surgery with comparable excess DOTs at all three time-points.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Hearsey
- Pharmacy Department, Royal Cornwall Hospital , Truro, TR1 3LJ
| | - K Bamford
- Medical Microbiology, Royal Cornwall Hospital , Truro, TR1 3LJ
| | - M Hutton
- General Surgery Department, Royal Cornwall Hospital , Truro, TR1 3LJ
| | - L Wade
- Pharmacy Department, Royal Cornwall Hospital , Truro, TR1 3LJ
| | - H Coates
- Royal Cornwall Hospital , Truro, TR1 3LJ
| | - E Ramsay
- Royal Cornwall Hospital , Truro, TR1 3LJ
| | | | - N Powell
- Pharmacy Department, Royal Cornwall Hospital , Truro, TR1 3LJ
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Ross PM, Scanes E, Poronnik P, Coates H, Locke W. Understanding STEM academics' responses and resilience to educational reform of academic roles in higher education. Int J STEM Educ 2022; 9:11. [PMID: 35127335 PMCID: PMC8796749 DOI: 10.1186/s40594-022-00327-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Across the globe, there have been significant reforms to improve STEM education at all levels. A significant part of this has been teacher reform. While the responses and resilience of STEM teachers to educational reforms in secondary education have received significant attention, the responses and resilience of STEM teachers in higher education remains understudied. In higher education, educational reforms of academic roles have seen increasing numbers of STEM academics focussed on education. Responses of STEM academics to education reform of the academic role have some parallels with teacher resilience, but there are also potential misalignments within a culture which values and prioritises science disciplinary research. This study examined the responses of STEM academics in higher education to educational reform of the academic role using the theoretical construct of resilience and Bronfenbrenner's socio-ecological model. This was a 2-year case study of 32 academics and senior educational leaders in higher education in STEM. Data collection included semi-structured interviews which were theme coded and inductively analysed. RESULTS The responses and resilience of STEM academics focussed on education appeared to be dependent on interactions between individual disposition in the microsystem and influences of the exosystem and the external macrosystem. Five major themes emerged about the value and quality, scholarship and expertise, progress and mobility, status and identity and community and culture of STEM academics focussed on education. The exosystem was a significant unidirectional influence on STEM academics where judgements were made concerning academic performance, awards, and promotion. Responses of senior leaders in the exosystem were influenced by the macrosystem and culture of science. Academics focussed on research, rather than education were more valued and more likely to be both financially rewarded and promoted. CONCLUSION During this pressured decade, where COVID-19 has intensified stress, more attention on the direction and reciprocal relationships in the socio-ecological model of higher education is needed in order for educational reform in higher education STEM to be effective. Resilience of STEM academics to educational reform in higher education is a dynamic quality, and the capacity to "bounce back", learn from challenges, and realise expectations of educational reform will depend on an understanding of resilience and support of Bronfenbrenner's spheres of influence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Mary Ross
- Melbourne Centre for the Study of Higher Education (Melbourne–CSHE), University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia
- The University of Sydney of School Life and Environmental Science, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - E. Scanes
- The University of Sydney of School Life and Environmental Science, Sydney, NSW Australia
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - P. Poronnik
- The University of Sydney, School of Medical Sciences, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - H. Coates
- Institute of Education, Tsinghua University, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - W. Locke
- Melbourne Centre for the Study of Higher Education (Melbourne–CSHE), University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia
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Ogilvie F, Earwicker R, Petrokofsky C, Wynne P, Jenkins S, Coates H. PP76 Exploring Barriers and Solutions to take up of Interventions to Address Fuel Poverty: A Health Impact Assessment of Fuel Poverty Policy in England. Br J Soc Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/jech-2013-203126.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Thornton R, Richmond P, Vijayasekaran S, Rigby P, Wiertsema S, Coates H. A New Disease Paradigm - Mucosal and stromal intracellular bacteria in the upper respiratory tract. Laryngoscope 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/lary.21588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic ototoxicity is a significant cause of vestibulocochlear morbidity in sub-Saharan Africa. It may result in permanent hearing impairment and/or balance problems. OBJECTIVES To review the literature pertaining to the ototoxic potential of three frequently prescribed systemic medications in the sub-Saharan setting; quinine, furosemide and aminoglycoside antibiotics. The pathophysiology, clinical manifestations and risk factors and risk minimisation strategies regarding the ototoxicity associated with these drugs are presented in order to highlight this problem and reduce the incidence of adverse outcomes. DATA SOURCES The biomedical literature was systematically reviewed. This included a search of the National Library of Medicine's PubMed database (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed). The search was limited to the English language literature and used the following search terms: ototoxicity; aminoglycosides; quinine; furosemide; gentamicin; vestibular toxicity; auditory toxicity; and Africa. STUDY SELECTION Studies and reviews directly addressing clinical ototoxicity, experimental studies and studies regarding ototoxicity in sub-Saharan Africa were reviewed. The authors formed a consensus opinion regarding the most relevant articles considering factors including evidence level. DATA EXTRACTION Systematic data extraction was undertaken from relevant studies. CONCLUSIONS Quinine, furosemide and aminoglycosides are potentially ototoxic. High doses, prolonged treatment and intravenous administration increase this risk. The clinical condition of the patient may further predispose patients to ototoxic damage. Lack of monitoring facilities and efficacious, cost effective alternatives increase the risks of ototoxicity in the African setting. Clinicians must be aware of these risks and those patients at increased risk, and be vigilant in recognising their clinical manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- N P Shine
- Department of Paediatric Otolaryngology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Subiaco WA 6008, Perth, Western Australia
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Mak D, MacKendrick A, Bulsara M, Coates H, Lannigan F, Lehmann D, Leidwinger L, Weeks S. Outcomes of myringoplasty in Australian Aboriginal children and factors associated with success: a prospective case series. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 29:606-11. [PMID: 15533146 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2273.2004.00896.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess the outcomes of myringoplasties in Aboriginal children and to identify factors associated with a successful outcome with the use of prospective case series from primary health care clinics and hospitals in four rural and remote regions of Western Australia. All 58 Aboriginal children, aged 5-15 years, who underwent 78 myringoplasties between 1 January 2000 and 30 June 2001 were included in the study. Complete postoperative (post-op) follow-up was achieved following 78% of myringoplasties. The main outcome measures were (a) success, i.e. an intact tympanic membrane and normal hearing six or more months post-op in the operated ear, (b) closure of the perforation, (c) Post-op hearing improvement. Forty-nine per cent of myringoplasties were successful, 72% resulted in closure or reduction in the size of the perforation and 51% resulted in hearing improvement. After controlling for age, sex, clustering and number of previous myringoplasties, no association was observed between success or hearing improvement and perforation size, or the presence of serous aural discharge at the time of surgery. Myringoplasty resulted in hearing improvement and/or perforation closure in a significant proportion of children. Thus, primary school-aged Aboriginal children in whom conservative management of chronic suppurative otitis media has been unsuccessful should have access to myringoplasty because of the positive impact on their socialization, language and learning that results from improved hearing.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Mak
- Kimberley Public Health Unit, Derby, and School of Population Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
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Abstract
The neonate is a preferential nasal breather; therefore, nasal obstruction in the neonatal period may cause significant sequelae. Although the uncommon choanal atresia is the main condition to be excluded, many other possible causes exist. A systematic approach to the workings of nasal obstruction in the neonate and infant is outlined so that appropriate management can be instituted.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Coates
- Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Western Australia
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Kroeber MJ, Gray LP, Coates H. Tonsillectomy - current concepts and nursing care. Aust Nurses J 1980; 9:37-40, 49. [PMID: 6902648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Abstract
The blood pressures (BP) in 418 vegetarian Seventh-day Adventist (SDA) volunteers in Western Australia were compared with those in 290 non-vegetarian volunteers in Narrogin, a Western Australian country town. The mean systolic and diastolic BPs in the SDAs, adjusted for age, sex, height and weight (128.7/76.2 mm of mercury) were significantly less than those in the Narrogin residents (139.3/84.5). It appeared unlikely that these differences could be explained by differences in alcohol, tobacco, tea, coffee or egg consumption, socioeconomic status or physical activity. There was, however, a gradient toward increasing BP with increasing egg intake in SDAs, and SDAs who drank tea or coffee had a higher mean diastolic BP than those who did not (mean difference of 4.2 mm of mercury). The possibility that selective bias or unmeasured environmental differences might explain the difference in BP between the two groups is discussed.
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Coates H, Borsos T, Foard M, Bang FB. Pathogenesis of Rous sarcoma virus in the chick embryo with particular reference to vascular lesions. Int J Cancer 1968; 3:424-39. [PMID: 4300774 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.2910030403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Cline GB, Coates H, Anderson NG, Chanock RM, Harris WW. Respiratory syncytial virus isolation by combined continuous flow-isopycnic banding centrifugation. J Virol 1967; 1:659-64. [PMID: 5621468 PMCID: PMC375332 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.1.4.659-664.1967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A new zonal centrifuge rotor (B-IX) which combines continuous sample flow centrifugation with isopycnic banding has been used to isolate and concentrate respiratory syncytial virus from liter volumes of culture fluid. This isolation technique utilizes a sucrose density gradient to trap and isopycnically band the virus particles, and permits recovery of the particles from the rotor in an unaggregated condition.
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Coates H, Cook AH, Heilbron IM, Hey DH, Lambert A, Lewis FB. 106. New therapeutic agents of the quinoline series. Introduction and Part I. Monopyridylquinolines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1943. [DOI: 10.1039/jr9430000401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Coates H, Cook AH, Heilbron IM, Hey DH, Lambert A, Lewis FB. 108. New therapeutic agents of the quinoline series. Part III. Methoxy-, hydroxy-, and alkyl-pyridylquinolines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1943. [DOI: 10.1039/jr9430000406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Coates H. The Temperance Question. West J Med 1898. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.1.1943.862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Coates H. The Temperance Question. West J Med 1898. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.1.1939.593-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Coates H. Case of fractured Os Pubis successfully treated. J R Soc Med 1821; 11:270-3. [PMID: 20895416 DOI: 10.1177/09595287210110p204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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