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Fiorentzis M, Kalirai H, Katopodis P, Seitz B, Viestenz A, Coupland SE. Electrochemotherapy with bleomycin and cisplatin enhances cytotoxicity in primary and metastatic uveal melanoma cell lines in vitro. Neoplasma 2019. [PMID: 29534581 DOI: 10.4149/neo_2018_170329n227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemotherapy (ECT) enhances responsiveness to cytotoxic drugs in numerous cell lines in vitro. Clinically ECT is widely applied for skin tumor ablation and has shown efficacy in treating non-resectable colorectal liver metastases. There is limited experience of ECT for ocular tumor therapy. We investigated the cytotoxic effect of bleomycin and cisplatin in combination with electroporation on chemoresistant human uveal melanoma (UM) cell lines in vitro. Four UM cell lines (Mel 270, 92-1, OMM-1, OMM-2.5) were treated with electroporation (pulse amplitude 300-1000 V/cm, 8-80 pulses, 100 μs, 5 Hz) and increasing concentrations of bleomycin and cisplatin (0-7.5 μg/ml). Cell survival was analyzed by MTT viability assay after 36 hours. UM cell lines were resistant to both bleomycin and cisplatin. In combination with electro- poration, the effects of bleomycin and cisplatin were increased 8-70 fold and 3-15 fold, respectively, in all UM cell lines. At the lowest concentration of bleomycin tested (1 μg/ml), viability was maximally reduced in all UM cell lines by ≥69% with electroporation conditions of 750 V/cm and 20 pulses. All UM cell lines were more resistant to cisplatin; however, electro- poration of 1000 V/cm and 8 pulses resulted in similar reductions in cell viability of 92-1, Mel270 with 2.5 μg/ml cisplatin, OMM2-5 cells with 5 μg/ml cisplatin and OMM1 cells with 1 μg/ml cisplatin. In vitro ECT with bleomycin or cisplatin is more effective than the highest concentration of the antineoplastic drug or electroporation alone, opening new perspectives in primary and metastatic UM treatment.
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Jama N, Farquhar N, Butt Z, Coupland SE, Sacco JJ, Scase T, Fielding AB, Coulson JM, Kalirai H, Killick DR. Altered Nuclear Expression of the Deubiquitylase BAP1 Cannot be Used as a Prognostic Marker for Canine Melanoma. J Comp Pathol 2018; 162:50-58. [PMID: 30060843 PMCID: PMC6078709 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BRCA1-associated protein-1 (BAP1) is a nuclear localized deubiquitylating enzyme that belongs to the ubiquitin c-terminal hydrolase subfamily. The encoded protein is highly homologous between man and dogs, suggesting a functional significance preserved by evolution. BAP1 has multiple properties, including tumour suppressor activity. Loss of BAP1 function is implicated in the oncogenesis of several types of cancers including uveal, mucosal and some cutaneous melanomas in humans, as well as in mesothelioma. In this study we investigate the significance of BAP1 in canine melanoma. Nuclear BAP1 protein was detected in five canine oral melanoma cell lines using an antibody commonly used for analysis of human tissues. BAP1 loss of function mutations often lead to loss of nuclear BAP1 (nBAP1) expression in humans; this is associated with a poorer prognosis in uveal and mucosal melanoma. Therefore, as a prelude to a study evaluating the prognostic significance of nBAP1 expression in dogs, immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to assess cases of canine melanoma for nBAP1 expression. In 89 cases where tumour cells were identified by melan-A labelling, 100% of tumour cells were positive for nBAP1 expression, including eight uveal tract and 29 oral mucosal melanomas. This finding indicates that BAP1 IHC cannot be used as a prognostic marker in canine uveal and mucosal melanoma. Moreover, this observation suggests that either BAP1 has a different functional significance in canine melanoma or that loss of BAP1 function is achieved by a different route. This is a novel finding that warrants further investigation to determine the comparative biological relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Jama
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - N Farquhar
- Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Z Butt
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - S E Coupland
- Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - J J Sacco
- Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - T Scase
- Bridge Pathology Ltd., 637 Gloucester Road, Bristol, UK
| | - A B Fielding
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - J M Coulson
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - H Kalirai
- Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - D R Killick
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
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Djirackor L, Shakir D, Kalirai H, Petrovksi G, Coupland S. Nestin expression in primary and metastatic uveal melanoma. Acta Ophthalmol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2017.03644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Djirackor
- Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine; University of Liverpool; Liverpool United Kingdom
| | - D. Shakir
- Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine; University of Liverpool; Liverpool United Kingdom
| | - H. Kalirai
- Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine; University of Liverpool; Liverpool United Kingdom
| | - G. Petrovksi
- Center for Eye Research; Department of Ophthalmology; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | - S. Coupland
- Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine; University of Liverpool; Liverpool United Kingdom
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Ahmed I, Kalirai H, Angi M, Coupland S. Absence of nuclear Programmed cell death 4 as an indicator of poor prognosis in uveal melanoma patients. Acta Ophthalmol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2017.03643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I. Ahmed
- Liverpool Ocular Oncology Research Group-Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine; University of Liverpool; Liverpool UK
| | - H. Kalirai
- Liverpool Ocular Oncology Research Group-Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine; University of Liverpool; Liverpool UK
| | - M. Angi
- Liverpool Ocular Oncology Research Group-Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine; University of Liverpool; Liverpool UK
| | - S. Coupland
- Liverpool Ocular Oncology Research Group-Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine; University of Liverpool; Liverpool UK
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Krishna Y, McCarthy C, Kalirai H, Coupland S. Inflammatory cell infiltrates in metastatic uveal melanoma. Acta Ophthalmol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2016.0521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Coupland S, Kalirai H, Jager M, Jochemsen A, van der Velden P, Snaar-Jagalska B, Dhomen N, Marais R, Romanowska Dixon B, Elas M, Mione M, Valente A, Ryll B, Ruijtenbeek R, Prestat A, Hafsi H, Barnhill R, Cassoux N, Decaudin D, Lantz O, Piperno-Neumann S, Stern M, Roman-Roman S. UM Cure 2020 - A consortium of European experts in uveal melanoma to identify new therapies for patients with metastatic disease. Acta Ophthalmol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2016.0418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Qureshi S, Hussain R, Kalirai H, Heimann H, Coupland S. Histomorphological changes of uveal melanoma (UM) following proton beam therapy (PBR). Acta Ophthalmol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2016.0602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Fiorentzis M, Katopodis P, Kalirai H, Seitz B, Viestenz A, Coupland S. Electroporation enhances chemosensitivity of uveal melanoma cells. Acta Ophthalmol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2016.0477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Angi M, Kalirai H, Coupland S. Proteomic analysis of the uveal melanoma (UM) secretome reveals novel insights and potential biomarkers. Acta Ophthalmol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2015.0621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Angi
- Liverpool Ocular Oncology Research Group; University of Liverpool; Liverpool United Kingdom
| | - H. Kalirai
- Liverpool Ocular Oncology Research Group; University of Liverpool; Liverpool United Kingdom
| | - S. Coupland
- Liverpool Ocular Oncology Research Group; University of Liverpool; Liverpool United Kingdom
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Dhanda J, Triantafyllou A, Liloglou T, Kalirai H, Lloyd B, Hanlon R, Shaw RJ, Sibson DR, Risk JM. SERPINE1 and SMA expression at the invasive front predict extracapsular spread and survival in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Br J Cancer 2014; 111:2114-21. [PMID: 25268377 PMCID: PMC4260028 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracapsular spread (ECS) in cervical lymph nodes is the single-most prognostic clinical variable in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), but diagnosis is possible only after histopathological examination. A promising biomarker in the primary tumour, alpha smooth muscle actin (SMA) has been shown to be highly prognostic, however, validated biomarkers to predict ECS prior to primary treatment are not yet available. METHODS In 102 OSCC cases, conventional imaging was compared with pTNM staging. SERPINE1, identified from expression microarray of primary tumours as a potential biomarker for ECS, was validated through mRNA expression, and by immunohistochemistry (IHC) on a tissue microarray from the same cohort. Similarly, expression of SMA was also compared with its association with ECS and survival. Expression was analysed separately in the tumour centre and advancing front; and prognostic capability determined using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. RESULTS Immunohistochemistry indicated that both SERPINE1 and SMA expression at the tumour-advancing front were significantly associated with ECS (P<0.001). ECS was associated with expression of either or both proteins in all cases. SMA+/SERPINE1+ expression in combination was highly significantly associated with poor survival (P<0.001). MRI showed poor sensitivity for detection of nodal metastasis (56%) and ECS (7%). Both separately, and in combination, SERPINE1 and SMA were superior to MRI for the detection of ECS (sensitivity: SERPINE1: 95%; SMA: 82%; combination: 81%). CONCLUSION A combination of SMA and SERPINE1 IHC offer potential as prognostic biomarkers in OSCC. Our findings suggest that biomarkers at the invasive front are likely to be necessary in prediction of ECS or in therapeutic stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Dhanda
- Department of Molecular & Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - A Triantafyllou
- Department of Molecular & Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Regional Oral and Maxillofacial Unit, Aintree University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - T Liloglou
- Department of Molecular & Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - H Kalirai
- Department of Molecular & Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - B Lloyd
- Department of Molecular & Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - R Hanlon
- Regional Oral and Maxillofacial Unit, Aintree University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - R J Shaw
- Department of Molecular & Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Regional Oral and Maxillofacial Unit, Aintree University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - D R Sibson
- Department of Molecular & Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - J M Risk
- Department of Molecular & Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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Kalirai H, Dodson A, Faqir S, Damato BE, Coupland SE. Lack of BAP1 protein expression in uveal melanoma is associated with increased metastatic risk and has utility in routine prognostic testing. Br J Cancer 2014; 111:1373-80. [PMID: 25058347 PMCID: PMC4183849 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The absence of BRCA1-associated protein 1 (BAP1) expression in uveal melanoma (UM) is associated with metastatic progression and reduced survival. In this study, we examine nuclear BAP1 (nBAP1) protein expression in primary UMs (PUMs) that show both ‘typical' and ‘atypical' clinical courses according to their chromosome 3 status, and secondary hepatic metastatic UM (MUM), correlating the results with histological, clinical and survival data. Methods: Nuclear BAP1 expression was immunohistochemically assessed in tissue microarrays (TMAs) of: (a) 68 PUM patients, who had been treated surgically; and (b) 13 MUM patients, with 5 cases being paired with primary tumour tissue. All cases were fully annotated. The percentage of tumour cell nuclei staining positively for BAP1 was scored by independent observers. Results: Nuclear BAP1 protein expression was absent in 35 out of 68 (51%) PUM patients, correlating strongly with poor prognostic clinicopathological and genetic parameters and reduced survival (Log rank, P<0.001). Lack of nBAP1 expression importantly identified a subset of ‘atypical' PUM patients with disomy of chromosome 3 but with unexpected metastatic relapse. Nuclear BAP1 expression was absent in 10 out of 13 (77%) MUM and expression was concordant in all paired PUM and MUM patients. Conclusions: Absent nBAP1 protein expression is an independent survival predictor for UM patients, easily examined using immunohistochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kalirai
- Liverpool Ocular Oncology Research Group, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, 6th Floor Duncan Building, Daulby Street, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK
| | - A Dodson
- Liverpool Ocular Oncology Research Group, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, 6th Floor Duncan Building, Daulby Street, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK
| | - S Faqir
- Liverpool Ocular Oncology Research Group, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, 6th Floor Duncan Building, Daulby Street, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK
| | - B E Damato
- Liverpool Ocular Oncology Centre, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool L7 8XP, UK
| | - S E Coupland
- Liverpool Ocular Oncology Research Group, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, 6th Floor Duncan Building, Daulby Street, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK
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