[Mediating effect of self-efficacy on self-management ability and self-management behavior in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus]

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the mechanism of self-efficacy between self-management ability and self-management behavior and its differences among patients with different disease courses through mediation tests.

METHODS

In the study, 489 patients with type 2 diabetes who attended the endocrinology departments of four hospitals in Shanxi Province and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from July to September 2022 were enrolled as the study population. They were investigated by General Information Questionnaire, Diabetes Self-Management Scale, Chinese version of Diabetes Empowerment Simplified Scale, and Diabetes Self-Efficacy Scale. Mediation analyses were performed using the linear regression model, Sobel test, and Bootstrap test in the software Stata version 15.0 and divided the patients into different disease course groups for subgroup analysis according to whether the disease course was > 5 years.

RESULTS

In this study, the score of self-management behavior in the patients with type 2 diabetes was 6.16±1.41, the score of self-management ability was 3.99±0.74, and the score of self-efficacy was 7.05±1.90. The results of the study showed that self-efficacy was positively correlated with self-management ability (r=0.33) as well as self-management behavior (r=0.47) in the patients with type 2 diabetes (P < 0.01). The mediating effect of self-efficacy accounted for 38.28% of the total effect of self-management ability on self-management behaviors and was higher in the behaviors of blood glucose monitoring (43.45%) and diet control (52.63%). The mediating effect of self-efficacy accounted for approximately 40.99% of the total effect for the patients with disease course ≤ 5 years, while for the patients with disease course > 5 years, the mediating effect accounted for 39.20% of the total effect.

CONCLUSION

Self-efficacy enhanced the effect of self-management ability on the behavior of the patients with type 2 diabetes, and this positive effect was more significant for the patients with shorter disease course. Targeted health education should be carried out to enhance patients' self-efficacy and self-management ability according to their disease characteristics, to stimulate their inner action, to promote the development of their self-management behaviors, and to form a more stable and long-term mechanism for disease management.

[Comparison of application effects of colonoscopy, fecal immunochemical test and a novel risk-adapted screening approach in colorectal cancer screening in Xuzhou population]

Objective: To compare the application effect of the colonoscopy, fecal immunochemical test (FIT) and novel risk-adapted screening approach in colorectal cancer screening in Xuzhou population. Methods: From May 2018 to April 2019, 4 280 subjects aged 50-74 were recruited from Gulou district, Yunlong district and Quanshan district of Xuzhou. They were randomly assigned to the colonoscopy group (n=863), FIT group (n=1 723) and novel risk-adapted screening approach group (n=1 694) according to the ratio of 1∶2∶2. For the novel risk-adapted screening approach group, after the risk assessment, high-risk subjects were invited to undergo colonoscopy and low-risk subjects were invited to undergo FIT examination. All FIT positive subjects were invited to undergo colonoscopy. Colonoscopy participation rate [(the number of colonoscopies completed/the number of colonoscopies invited to participate)×100%], detection rate of colorectal lesions [(the number of diagnosed patients/the number of colonoscopies completed)×100%], colonoscopy resource load (the number of colonoscopies completed/the number of diagnosed advanced tumors) and FIT resource load in each group were calculated and compared. Results: The age of all subjects was (61±6) years old, including 1 816 males (42.43%). There was no statistically significant difference in the socio-demographic characteristics of the subjects in different screening groups. The colonoscopy participation rate was 22.60% (195/863) in the colonoscopy group, 57.04% (77/135) in the FIT group, and 33.94% (149/439) in the novel risk-adapted screening approach group, respectively. The colonoscopy participation rate was higher in the FIT group than in the colonoscopy group and the novel risk-adapted screening approach group (P<0.001). The colonoscopy participation rate of novel risk-adapted screening group was significantly higher than the colonoscopy group (P<0.001). The detection rates of advanced tumors were 6.67% (13/195), 9.09% (7/77) and 8.72% (13/149), respectively, and the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). The colonoscopy resource load (95%CI) was 15 (13-17) in the colonoscopy group, 11 (9-14) in the FIT group and 11 (10-13) in the novel risk-adapted screening approach group, respectively. Among them, the colonoscopy resource load of high-risk individuals in the novel risk-adapted screening approach group was 12 (9-15). FIT resource loads (95%CI) were 207 (196-218) and 88 (83-94) in the FIT group and the novel risk-adapted screening approach group. Conclusion: The combined application of risk-adapted screening approach and FIT may have a good application effect in colorectal cancer screening.

[Primary study on the relationship between high-risk HPV infection and vaginal cervical microbiota]

Objective: To understand characteristics of vaginal cervical microbiota in high-risk HPV (hrHPV) infected women and to uncover the relationship between hrHPV infection and vaginal cervical microbiota. Methods: All participants were randomly selected from Peking University First Hospital from September to October of 2017, including 5 subjects of control group, 5 cases of HPV16/18 group, 5 cases of other hrHPV infected group and 3 cases of cervical squamous carcinoma group. All subjects were required to fill in a questionnaire, and cervical and vaginal discharges were separately collected for microscopic examination and new generation sequencing targeting the variable region (V3-V4) of bacterial 16S rRNA gene. Results: Vaginal microbiota analysis: (1) 6 major phylum were found in vaginal microbiota:Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Fusobacteria, Actinobacteria, Tenericutes and Proteobacteria. Firmicutes contributed to the majority of normal vaginal flora, Bacteroidetes and Fusobacteria increased in hrHPV infected ones, while Fusobacteria showed significant difference in cervical carcinoma group. (2) Lactobacillus occupied most of normal vaginal flora while genus like Gardnella, Prevotella, Atopobium, Megasphaera and Sneathia increased in hrHPV infected subjects, Sneathia showed significant difference in cervical carcinoma group. (3) No significant difference had been calculated in Alpha diversity of four groups (P=0.073) . Cervical microbiota analysis: (1) Microbial diversity of cervical microbiota was higher than that of vaginal microbiota. (2) Significant difference had been found in Alpha diversity of four groups (P=0.046) . (3) Proteobacteria in normal cervical flora was much more than that in vagina, and Proteobacteria increased significantly in hrHPV infected cervical discharge. (3) Chlamydia increased significantly in cervical carcinoma group. Conclusions: The diversity of cervical microbiota is higher than that of vaginal microbiota. Change in cervical microbiota is more obvious than that of vagina in hrHPV infected subjects. Fusobacteria-Sneathia and Chlamydia significantly increase in cervical carcinoma group. Proteobacteria might relate to hrHPV infection.

[Correlation between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level and core symptoms of autism spectrum disorder in children]

Objective: To explore the relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and core symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in children. Method: In this cross-sectional study, ASD children 4 to 6 years of age who were diagnosed in Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, First Hospital of Jilin university from January to May 2017 were assigned to ASD group, and children for routine growth and development assessment in Jilin province were assigned to control group. The two groups were well matched for age and sex, and none of them had received vitamin D supplementation. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were measured by HPLC-MS/MS method. The patients of the ASD group were assessed with autism behavior checklist (ABC), childhood autism rating scale (CARS), social response scale (SRS), and autism treatment evaluation checklist (ATEC). The levels of vitamin D were divided into normal(>0.03 ng/L), insufficient (0.01-0.03 ng/L) and deficient (<0.01 ng/L). Levels of serum vitamin D between the two groups were compared by two independent sample t-test, and the difference in the percentages of normal, insufficient and deficient levels of vitamin D was tested by chi-square test, and correlations between vitamin D levels and the total scores or subscales of ABC, CARS, SRS and ATEC were analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis. Result: The 87 subjects in the ASD group included 75 males and 12 females, with a mean (±SD) age of (4.7±0.7) years. The 301 subjects in the control group included 249 males and 52 females, with a mean (±SD) age of (4.8±0.8) years. Serum vitamin D level in ASD children was significantly lower than that of the control group ( (0.021±0.008) vs. (0.036±0.016) ng/L, t=-8.17, P<0.01), and the between-group percentage difference of normal, insufficient and deficient levels of vitamin D was statistically significant (12 (14%) vs. 186 (62%) , 67 (77%) vs. 113 (37%) , 8 (9%) vs. 2 (1%) , χ(2)=72.1, P<0.01). There were negative correlations between serum vitamin D level in ASD children and total ABC score or ABC subscale scores (body behavior, self-care, language and social interaction)(r=-0.531,-0.397,-0.283,-0.248,-0.262, P=0.000, 0.000, 0.007, 0.020, 0.014). There were negative correlations between serum vitamin D level in ASD children and total CARS score and CARS subscale scores (imitation, nonverbal communication and general impression) (r=-0.352, -0.216, -0.248, -0.216, P=0.001, 0.046, 0.021, 0.046). There were negative correlations between serum vitamin D level in ASD children and SRS behavior subscale or ATEC social interaction subscale (r=-0.536, P=0.005, r=-0.400, P=0.014). Conclusion: Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level in children with ASD is obviously lower than that in the healthy control group, and there are negative correlations between vitamin D levels and core symptoms of ASD. Trial registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR-CCC-13004498.

A New Method of Heparinizing PLLA Film by Surface Entrapment

A new method of surface heparinizing biodegradable polymers was designed. A heparin-modified poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) system was developed by physically entrapping the heparin on the PLLA surface. The surface characterization and biological performance of these materials were carried out by SEM, attenuated-total-reflection spectroscopy, contact angle measurements, and platelet adhesion evaluations. The modification strategy was performed by reversible swelling of the PLLA surface following exposure to a solvent–nonsolvent mixture. This process resulted in the localized physical entrapment of the diffused heparin. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to confirm that control over the heparin surface density can be achieved by using set polymer treatment times. Platelet adhesion tests showed significant improvement in blood compatibility by the PLLA surfaces after modification.

The effects of radial oxygen loss on arsenic tolerance and uptake in rice and on its rhizosphere

Understanding the complex biotic and abiotic interactions invoked by the rice root system in oxygen-depleted soil is an important step in screening genotypes for low toxic metal or metalloid accumulation. A hydroponic and a rhizobox experiment have been conducted to explore the effects of varying root oxygen release on chemical changes, As fractionation in rhizosphere soil and Fe plaque formation, As uptake and tolerance by different rice genotypes. The results showed that rice genotypes with higher rates of radial oxygen loss (ROL) and at the bolting stage, tended to have greater effects on rhizosphere Eh, pH, Fe(3+)/Fe(2+) quotients, As fractionation and mobility and also on Fe plaque formation compared to those with lower ROL and at the tillering stage. Genotypes with higher ROL have a strong ability to reduce As accumulation in shoots and increase As tolerance by reducing As mobilization in the rhizosphere and by limiting As translocation.

Chlamydia psittaci is variably associated with ocular adnexal MALT lymphoma in different geographical regions

Infectious agents play a critical role in MALT lymphoma development. Studies from Italy showed Chlamydia psittaci infection in 87% of ocular adnexal MALT lymphomas and complete or partial regression of the lymphoma after C. psittaci eradication in four of nine cases. However, C. psittaci was not demonstrated in ocular adnexal MALT lymphomas from the USA. This study was thus designed to investigate further the role of C. psittaci, and other infectious agents commonly associated with chronic eye disease, in the development of ocular adnexal MALT lymphoma. The presence of C. psittaci, C. trachomatis, C. pneumoniae, herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 (HSV1, HSV2), and adenovirus 8 and 19 (ADV8, ADV19) was assessed separately by polymerase chain reaction in 142 ocular adnexal MALT lymphomas, 53 non-marginal zone lymphomas, and 51 ocular adnexal biopsies without a lymphoproliferative disorder (LPD), from six geographical regions. C. psittaci was detected at similar low frequencies in non-LPD and non-marginal zone lymphoma groups from different geographical regions (0-14%). Overall, the prevalence of C. psittaci was significantly higher in MALT lymphomas (22%) than in non-LPD (10%, p=0.042) and non-marginal zone lymphoma cases (9%, p=0.033). However, the prevalence of C. psittaci infection in MALT lymphoma showed marked variation among the six geographical regions examined, being most frequent in Germany (47%), followed by the East Coast of the USA (35%) and the Netherlands (29%), but relatively low in Italy (13%), the UK (12%), and Southern China (11%). No significant differences in the detection of C. pneumoniae, C. trachomatis, HSV1, HSV2, ADV8, and ADV19 were found between lymphomas and controls from different geographical regions. In conclusion, our results show that C. psittaci, but not C. pneumoniae, C. trachomatis, HSV1, HSV2, ADV8 or ADV19, is associated with ocular adnexal MALT lymphoma and that this association is variable in different geographical areas.

Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy in the Diagnosis and Classification of Primary and Recurrent Lymphoma: A Retrospective Analysis of the Utility of Cytomorphology and Flow Cytometry

We retrospectively reviewed our experience with the fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) diagnosis of primary and recurrent lymphoma to assess the ability of cytomorphology with and without ancillary flow cytometry (FCM) analysis to diagnose and subclassify these tumors according to the Revised European-American Lymphoma/World Health Organization classifications. We reviewed 139 consecutive FNABS of 84 primary and 55 recurrent lymphomas. FCM was successful in 105 (75%) cases. The overall results, including cases without FCM, included 93/139 (67%) true positive, 7 (5%) false negative, and 39 indeterminate (27 [19%] suspicious and 12 [9%] atypical) diagnoses of lymphoma. In cases with FCM, there were 80/105 (77%) true positive, no false negative, and 25 indeterminate diagnoses (15 [14%] suspicious and 10 [9%] atypical). The overall results of the 84 primary lymphomas were 55 (67%) true positive, 5 (5%) false negative, and 24 indeterminate (14[16%] suspicious and 10 [12%] atypical) diagnoses for lymphoma. Of the 68 primary lymphomas analyzed with FCM, 50 [74%] were true positives, and 28 were indeterminate (11 [16%] suspicious and 7 [10%] atypical). There were no false negatives. Diagnostic accuracy varied among lymphoma subtypes. Subclassification of the positive cases were initially conclusive in only 55/93 cases (59%). However, a retrospective review of the morphologic together with FCM data in 15 of the 23 unclassified cases improved the overall subclassification of positive cases to 77%. Subclassification was best in small lymphocytic lymphoma/chronic lymphocytic leukemia, lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma, Burkitt's lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma, and plasmacytoma (all 100%). Subclassification was poor in marginal-zone lymphoma (33%), and initially as well in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (62%), but it improved on review (95%), as did subclassification of follicular lymphoma (77 to 100% on review). Hodgkin's disease was recognized as malignant in only 44% of the cases (7/16) and was classified as such based on morphology alone. This review of our early efforts to diagnose and subclassify lymphoma with FNAB and FCM indicates that although a diagnosis and proper subclassification of lymphoma can be made with certainty in the majority of cases, recurrent or primary, it requires close coordination of cytomorphology and immunophenotyping data, which often comes with close cooperation of cytopathologists and hematopathologists. A mere cytological diagnosis of positive for lymphoma is no longer acceptable if FNAB is to become an independent diagnostic tool for lymphoma.

Comprehensive gene expression profile of LPS-stimulated human monocytes by SAGE

Monocytes play a pivotal role in various human infectious and inflammatory diseases. To reveal a whole picture of pathophysiologic function of activated human monocytes, this study used the serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) procedure in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated human monocytes. A total of 35 874 tags corresponding to more than 12 000 different transcripts were sequenced. Comparison of gene expression profile with that of resting monocytes revealed the LPS-inducible gene expression profile. Many cytokines and chemokines, including interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1beta, MIP-2beta, MIP-2alpha, liver and activation-regulated chemokine (LARC), MIP-1alpha, thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC), macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC), regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), growth-regulated oncogene (GRO) alpha, and IL-8, were observed in the highest inducible transcripts. Other genes encoding plasminogen activator inhibitor type 2 (PAI-2), Hc-gp39, apolipoproteins, malate dehydrogenase, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), and cyclooxygenase (COX2) were also highly elevated in LPS-stimulated monocytes. Moreover, up-regulation of Naf1beta, IL-7 receptor, adenosine receptor A2a, and many novel genes was newly identified. These results suggest that the LPS-inducible gene products may be involved in cell activation and migration, angiogenesis, tissue remodeling, and metabolism, and thus may orchestrate the inflammatory reactions. On the other hand, the expression of numerous sets of novel genes was discovered to be down-regulated on LPS stimulation. This study represents the first comprehensive analysis of LPS-inducible gene expression in human monocytes and provides tremendous novel information for the function of LPS-activated monocytes and targets for diagnosing, monitoring, and treating sepsis and various human infectious and inflammatory diseases.

WISP-2 as a novel estrogen-responsive gene in human breast cancer cells

In order to search for novel estrogen-responsive genes, we performed serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) for estrogen-treated MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. SAGE analysis of 31,000 and 30,856 tags from non-treated and 17 beta-estradiol (E2)-treated cells for 24 h, respectively, facilitated the identification of 15,037 different transcripts. Comparison of these two SAGE libraries indicated a remarkable similarity in expression profiles. Among the identified transcripts, four genes were found to be markedly increased for E2-treated cells compared with control cells. Three of the transcripts were cathepsin D, pS2 and high mobility group 1 protein, which have been described as estrogen-inducible genes. The fourth gene was WISP-2 (Wnt-1 inducible signaling pathway protein 2) which has recently been reported as an up-regulated gene in the mammary epithelial cell line C57 MG transformed by the Wnt-1 oncogene. The increase in WISP-2 mRNA was completely prevented by co-incubation with a pure anti-estrogen ICI 182,780, but not by coincubation with cycloheximide, indicating that WISP-2 is directly regulated by the estrogen receptor. The WISP-2 gene was also induced by treating with environmental estrogens, such as bisphenol-A or nonylphenol. This study represents the first comprehensive gene expression analysis of estrogen-treated human breast cancer cells.

Serial analysis of gene expression in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells

Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells in the immune system and can be generated in vitro from hematopoietic progenitor cells in the bone marrow, CD34(+) cord blood cells, precursor cells in the peripheral blood, and blood monocytes by culturing with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin-4, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. We have performed serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) in DCs derived from human blood monocytes. A total of 58,540 tag sequences from a DC complementary DNA (cDNA) library represented more than 17,000 different genes, and these data were compared with SAGE analysis of tags from monocytes (Mo) and GM-CSF-induced macrophages (M open diamond). Many of the genes that were differentially expressed in DCs were identified as genes encoding proteins related to cell structure and cell motility. Interestingly, the highly expressed genes in DCs encode chemokines such as TARC, MDC, and MCP-4, which preferentially chemoattract Th2-type lymphocytes. Although DCs have been considered to be very heterogeneous, the identification of specific genes expressed in human Mo-derived DCs should provide candidate genes to define subsets of, the function of, and the maturation stage of DCs and possibly also to diagnose diseases in which DCs play a significant role, such as autoimmune diseases and neoplasms. This study represents the first extensive gene expression analysis in any type of DCs.

Serial analysis of gene expression in human monocytes and macrophages

Monocytes/macrophages serve as sentinels involved in chronic inflammation and the eradication of various pathogens. To define molecularly the differentiation of blood monocytes into macrophages, we conducted serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) in human blood monocytes/macrophages induced by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) or M-CSF. SAGE analysis of 57,560, 57,463, and 55,856 tags from monocytes, GM-CSF-, and M-CSF-induced macrophages, respectively, allowed identification of 35,037 different transcripts. Interestingly, the genes with the highest expression during differentiation from monocytes into macrophages were genes involved in lipid metabolism. Both CSF-induced macrophages expressed similar sets of genes except for several genes such as monocyte-derived chemokine (MDC), legumain, prostaglandin D synthetase, and lysosomal sialoglycoprotein. The identification of specific gene expression in human monocytes, GM-CSF-, or M-CSF-induced macrophages provides novel methods to define macrophage subsets and the maturation and activation stage of cells of macrophage lineage and, possibly, to diagnose diseases in which macrophages play a major role. This study represents the first extensive serial analysis of gene expression for any type of human hematopoietic cells.

Role of fibre characteristics on cytotoxicity and induction of anaphase/telophase aberrations in rat pleural mesothelial cells in vitro: correlations with in vivo animal findings

Thirteen samples of natural fibres and five samples of man-made fibres (MMF) were tested to determine their cytotoxicity and ability to produce chromosome missegregation in cultures in rat pleural mesothelial cells (RPMC). The natural samples included attapulgite, two amphiboles (amosite and crocidolite); seven consisted of chrysotile from various origins and three were obtained after chemical treatment of chrysotile. MMF included three refractory ceramic fibres (RCF) and two vitreous fibres (MMVF). All fibre samples were characterized by electron microscopic measurement of the fibre dimensions. Cytotoxicity was assayed on the basis of determination of mitochondrial integrity and chromosome missegregation by light microscopy examination of anaphases/telophases. The carcinogenic potency of 10 natural samples has been previously investigated using intrapleural inoculation in rats. It was therefore possible to establish correlations between in vitro and in vivo data obtained with the same set of samples. The various samples of chrysotile produced different in vitro effects, in agreement with the dispersion of response also observed in vivo. Cytotoxicity appears to be dependent on both fibre length and fibre diameter, as the longest or thickest fibres were the most toxic. The production of abnormal anaphases/telophases appears to depend on the presence of fibres of selected size, such as those previously defined by Stanton et al. (L > 8 micrograms; D < or = 0.25 microns); a threshold values was determined below which no abnormal anaphases/telophases were detected. This non-observable effect level was estimated to be 2.5 x 10(5) 'Stanton' fibres per cm2. There was no correlation between cytotoxicity and mesothelioma induction; in contrast, a correlation was found between the ability of a sample to produce chromosome missegregation in vitro and mesothelioma in vivo.

Synthesis of poly(ADP-ribose) in asbestos treated rat pleural mesothelial cells in culture

To investigate the origin of DNA repair in rat pleural mesothelial cells (RPMC) exposed to asbestos fibers, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) activity was measured in the asbestos-treated cells. As bleomycin has been shown to activate poly(ADP-ribose) synthesis in several cell systems, the response to bleomycin with regard to PARP assay was first investigated. Bleomycin produced a dose-dependent increase of poly(ADP-ribose) synthesis in RPMC. Likewise both chrysotile and crocidolite fibers produced a concentration-dependent PARP activation indicating that the formation of DNA strand breaks is one type of damage produced by asbestos in RPMC. Enhancement of DNA repair, assessed by the measurement of [3H] methylthymidine incorporation in growth arrested cells, was not detectable in the presence of 3-methoxybenzamide (3-MBA), a PARP inhibitor, confirming a relation between PARP activation and DNA repair. The participation of DNA breakage in asbestos toxicity on RPMC was determined by the colorimetric 3-4(5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. There was no relationship between DNA breakage and cytotoxicity since the use of PARP inhibitors did not change cell viability. These results indicate that asbestos produce DNA damage that is repaired in RPMC.

[Protective effects of bepridil in combination with anisodamine on myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury in rats]

The effects of bepridil (Bep) in combination with anisodamine (Ani) on myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury induced by ligating the left coronary artery were studied in rats. Administration of a combination of Bep and Ani was found to decrease the incidence of arrhythmia induced by myocardial ischemia and reperfusion, increase the myocardial superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and reduce the myocardial ultrastructural injury in rats. The effect of combination of Bep and Ani was shown to be better than either Bep or Ani alone.

[Electron microscopic studies of the endoplasmic reticulum in whole--mount cultured human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line]

The endoplasmic reticulum system (ER) in whole-mount human nasopharyngeal carcinoma parent cell line (CNE-2Z) and its variants L2, H2, L4 was observed using potassium permangnate as a fixtive. In lamellapodia and labopodia, the ER was arranged as a nest structure, but it usually formed lines of straight tubules in the filopodia. The results suggested that there may be some relationship between the ER and the functional activities of pseudopodia. No significant difference of ER was found yet in morphology, structure, quantities and distribution between CNE-2Z cells and its variants.

[Studies on the gap junctional intercellular communication of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells and effect of RII]

To evaluate the effects of gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) on the growth, invasion and metastasis of tumor, human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (HNPC) parent cell line (CNE-2Z) and its variants (L2, H2, L4) with different invasive and metastatic potential were examined in vitro. Only a few intermediate junction (IJ) but no gap junction (GJ) structures were observed under EM. The parent line cells showed marked GJIC, while its variants lacked this function by SLDT technique. It was further shown that L2 cell line (variant with high invasive potential) had lower concentration of cytosolic free calcium ([Ca2+]i) compared to H2, L4 cell lines (variants with medium and low invasive potential, respectively). It reflected that some correlation may exist between [Ca2+]i level and the invasive potential of HNPC cell lines. The effect of RII on GJIC of HNPC was also investigated. After 3-7 ds of RII (0.0001 mol/L) treatment, there was no change in the number of GJs. The GJIC function of CNE-2Z weakened and then disappeared finally with prolonged RII treatment. The level of [Ca2+]i in HNPC cells apparently fell after 6h of RII treatment, and rose to original level with persistent RII treatment. Whether the fluctuating of [Ca2+]i level relates the inhibitory effect of RII treatment. Treatment on the growth and invasion needs to be further studied.

Establishment and characterization of a continuous murine uterine cervix cancer cell line metastatic to lymph nodes and lungs

The murine uterine cervix cancer (MUCC) cell line was derived from a chemically induced Kunming mouse uterine cervix cancer (U27) and maintained in culture on solid substrates for over 100 passages. Cultures were morphotypically heterogeneous and heteroploid, with a modal number of chromosomes = 80. Each cell showed at least two abnormal chromosomes. Immunogold-silver staining was positive for keratin, vimentin, and laminin but not for desmin. The population doubling time was 27.8 h with a saturation density of 3.2 X 10(5) cells/cm2 and a peak mitotic index of about 6%. MUCC cells produced colonies on tissue culture plastic (68%) and in soft agar (8%). MUCC cells were fully malignant inasmuch as they produced in syngeneic mice invasive tumors that reproducibly were metastatic to lymph nodes and lungs. The MUCC cell line is the first mouse cervix cancer cell line useful for the study of invasion and metastasis.

[Establishment of a mouse forestomach carcinoma cell line (MFC) with spontaneous hematogenous metastasis and preliminary study of its biological characteristics]

A mouse forestomach carcinoma cell line (MFC) prone to blood-born metastasis to lung was established in vitro. This cell line has been subcultured for more than 132 passages. MFC cells lacked in contact inhibition and, morphologically, appeared as round, polygonal and spindle cells. Ultrastructurally, there were abundant microvilli on the cellular surface and extensive filopodia in the cytoplasm; nuclei showed irregular shape with an increased nucleus-cytoplasm ratio; desmosomes, hemidesmosomes as well as a small number of tonofibrils were observed. The doubling time of MFC cell population was 24.7 hours. The average mitotic index was 32.9% and the maximum was 62% with 70-76 mode. The homotransplant efficiency was 100% (11/11). In morphology, the solid tumors induced were similar to FC tumor, from which the MFC cell line was derived and 81.8% (9/11) developed spontaneous lung metastasis. It is indicated that this cell line still retains the primary tumor's feature of spontaneous hematogenous metastasis. MFC cell line might be very useful in experimental treatment, study of tumor metastatic mechanism and isolating subpopulation.

[Establishment and biologic properties of a mouse uterine cervix cancer cell line (MUCC) with lymphatic and hematogenous metastatic capacities]

For study of tumor metastatic mechanism, a mouse uterine cervix cancer cell line (MUCC), as derived from a transplantable mouse uterine cervix cancer No. 27 (U 27) with metastatic capacities through lymphatics and blood, was established in vitro. It has been successfully maintained for more than 24 months through more than 100 passages. MUCC cells are epithelioid with definite malignant morphological features. The doubling time of the cell population is 27.8 hours. The average mitotic index is 30.6%, with a maximum of 58.9%. Chromosomes show aberration in number and structure. The homotransplant rate is 75% (9/12). The solid tumor, produced by homotransplant, is similar to the tumor U 27. Metastases are present in the lymph nodes and lungs in these 9 animal models. It is evident that this cell line retains the capacity of inducing daughter tumor lines with spontaneous lymphatic and blood metastases. MUCC cell line might be very useful in isolating subpopulations which possess the different metastatic abilities and the study of metastatic mechanism.

Site-dependence of invasiveness of ECA109 human oesophageal carcinoma cells in nude mice

ECA109 human oesophageal carcinoma cells were injected either subcutaneously or intraperitoneally into BALB/CATc 1-nu/nu mice. After 23 weeks tumours were examined histologically and by scanning electron microscopy. Subcutaneous ECA109 tumours were well-delineated without signs of invasion. By contrast, intra-abdominal tumours invaded into the abdominal wall and abdominal organs. This result provides us with another example of site-dependence of invasion in vivo.