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Kula C, Amendt J, Drijfhout FP, Moore HE. Geographical Variation of Cuticular Hydrocarbon Profiles of Adult Flies and Empty Puparia Amongst Three Populations of Calliphora vicina (Diptera: Calliphoridae). J Med Entomol 2023; 60:14-23. [PMID: 36373612 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjac167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Blowflies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) are of great importance in forensic entomology and in determining the minimum post-mortem interval, as they may be the first group of insects to colonize decomposing remains. Reliable species identification is an essential prerequisite. Classically, morphological characters or DNA sequences are used for this purpose. However, depending on the species and the condition of the specimen, this can be difficult, e.g., in the case of empty fly puparia. Recent studies have shown that cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) profiles are species-specific in necrophagous taxa and represent another promising tool for identification. However, the population-specific variability of these substances as a function of e.g., local climatic parameters has not yet been sufficiently investigated. The aim of this study was to determine the geographical variation of CHC profiles of the blowfly Calliphora vicina (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830) depending on different countries of origin. Flies were reared in the United Kingdom, Germany, and Turkey in common garden experiments under ambient conditions. CHC profiles of the resulting adult flies and their empty puparia were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Data were visualized by principal component analysis and clustered by population. The populations of the United Kingdom and Germany, both having similar climates and being geographically close to each other, showed greater similarities in CHC profiles. However, the CHC profile of the Turkish population, whose climate is significantly different from the other two populations, was very different. Our study confirms the high potential of CHC analysis in forensic entomology but highlights the need to investigate geographical variability in chemical profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canan Kula
- Cranfield Forensic Institute, Cranfield University, Defence Academy of the United Kingdom, Shrivenham, Wiltshire SN6 8LA, UK
| | - Jens Amendt
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Hospital Frankfurt/Main, Goethe-University, 60323 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Falko P Drijfhout
- Chemical Ecology Group, School of Chemical and Physical Science, Keele University, Keele ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Hannah E Moore
- Cranfield Forensic Institute, Cranfield University, Defence Academy of the United Kingdom, Shrivenham, Wiltshire SN6 8LA, UK
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Nur Aliah NA, Ab-Rahim S, Moore HE, Heo CC. Juvenile hormone: Production, regulation, current application in vector control and its future applications. Trop Biomed 2021; 38:254-264. [PMID: 34362868 DOI: 10.47665/tb.38.3.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Juvenile hormone is an exclusive hormone found in insects which involves regulating various insect physiology. A total of eight juvenile hormones have been identified in insects which include JH 0, JH I, JH II, JH III, 4-methyl JH I (Iso- JH 0), JHB III, JHSB III, and MF. Corpora allata are the glands responsible for the production and synthesis of these hormones. They are involved in moulting, reproduction, polyethism, and behavioural regulations in different orders of insects. Factors such as diet temperatures, photoperiods, and plant compounds affect the biosynthesis and regulation of juvenile hormones. Juvenile hormones analogue is usually used to disrupt normal regulation of JH and this analogue is categorized as insect-growth regulators (IGRs) and is widely used in pest control as an alternative to chemical insecticides. Other applications of biosynthesis activities of this hormone have not been explored in the area of JHs. In this review, current applications of JHs with an addition of their future application will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Nur Aliah
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor Branch, Sungai Buloh Campus, 47000 Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - S Ab-Rahim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor Branch, Sungai Buloh Campus, 47000 Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - H E Moore
- Cranfield Forensic Institute, Cranfield University, Shrivenham, Swindon, SN6 8LA UK
| | - C C Heo
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor Branch, Sungai Buloh Campus, 47000 Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia.,nstitute for Pathology, Laboratory and Forensic Medicine (I-PPerForM), Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor Branch, Sungai Buloh Campus, 47000 Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
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Abstract
The composition and quantity of insect cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) can be species-specific as well as sexually dimorphic within species. CHC analysis has been previously used for identification and ageing purposes for several insect orders including true flies (Diptera). Here, we analysed the CHC chemical profiles of adult males and females of eleven species of flesh flies belonging to the genus Sarcophaga Meigen (Sarcophagidae), namely Sarcophaga africa (Wiedemann), S. agnata Rondani, S. argyrostoma Robineau-Desvoidy, S. carnaria (Linnaeus), S. crassipalpis Macquart, S. melanura Meigen, S. pumila Meigen, S. teretirostris Pandellé, S. subvicina Rohdendorf, S. vagans Meigen and S. variegata (Scopoli). Cuticular hydrocarbons extracted from pinned specimens from the collections of the Natural History Museum, London using a customised extraction technique were analysed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Time of preservation prior to extraction ranged between a few weeks to over one hundred years. CHC profiles (1) allowed reliable identification of a large majority of specimens, (2) differed between males and females of the same species, (3) reliably associated males and females of the same species, provided sufficient replicates (up to 10) of each sex were analysed, and (4) identified specimens preserved for up to over one hundred years prior to extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E Moore
- Cranfield Forensic Institute, Cranfield University, Defence Academy of the United Kingdom, Shrivenham, Wiltshire, SN6 8LA, UK.
| | - Martin J R Hall
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Falko P Drijfhout
- Chemical Ecology Group, School of Chemical and Physical Science, Keele University, Keele, ST5 5BG, England, UK
| | - Robert B Cody
- JEOL USA, Inc. 11 Dearborn Rd., Peabody, MA, 01969, USA
| | - Daniel Whitmore
- Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart, Rosenstein 1, 70191, Stuttgart, Germany
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Flaherty BF, Moore HE, Riva-Cambrin J, Bratton SL. Repeat Head CT for Expectant Management of Traumatic Epidural Hematoma. Pediatrics 2018; 142:peds.2018-0385. [PMID: 30154118 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2018-0385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Guidelines regarding the role of repeated head computed tomography (CT) imaging in the nonoperative management of traumatic epidural hematomas (EDHs) do not exist. Consequently, some children may be exposed to unnecessary additional ionizing radiation. We describe the frequency, timing, and utility of reimaging of EDHs to identify patients who might avoid reimaging. METHODS A retrospective cohort study of subjects aged 0 to 18 years with a traumatic EDH treated at a level I pediatric trauma center from 2003 to 2014. Radiographic and clinical findings, the frequency and timing of reimaging, and changes in neurologic status were compared between subjects whose management changed because of a meaningful CT scan and those whose did not. RESULTS Of the 184 subjects who were analyzed, 19 (10%) had a meaningful CT. There was no difference in the frequency of CT scans between the meaningful CT scan and no meaningful CT groups (median 1 [interquartile range 1-2] in no meaningful CT and median 1 [interquartile range 1-2] in meaningful CT scans; P = .7). Only 7% of repeated CTs changed management. Neurologic status immediately before the repeat scan (odds ratio 45; 95% confidence interval 10-200) and mass effect on the initial CT (odds ratio 4; 95% confidence interval 1.5-13) were associated with a meaningful CT. Reimaging only subjects with concerning pre-CT neurologic findings or mass effect on initial CT would have decreased imaging by 54%. CONCLUSIONS Reimaging is common, but rarely changes management. Limiting reimaging to patients with concerning neurologic findings or mass effect on initial evaluation could reduce imaging by >50%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian F Flaherty
- Division of Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah;
| | - Hannah E Moore
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; and
| | - Jay Riva-Cambrin
- Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Susan L Bratton
- Division of Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
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Moore HE, Butcher JB, Day CR, Drijfhout FP. Adult fly age estimations using cuticular hydrocarbons and Artificial Neural Networks in forensically important Calliphoridae species. Forensic Sci Int 2017; 280:233-244. [PMID: 29107219 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Blowflies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) are forensically important as they are known to be one of the first to colonise human remains. The larval stage is typically used to assist a forensic entomologists with adult flies rarely used as they are difficult to age because they remain morphologically similar once they have gone through the initial transformation upon hatching. However, being able to age them is of interest and importance within the field. This study examined the cuticular hydrocarbons (CHC) of Diptera: Calliphoridae species Lucilia sericata, Calliphora vicina and Calliphora vomitoria. The CHCs were extracted from the cuticles of adult flies and analysed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The chemical profiles were examined for the two Calliphora species at intervals of day 1, 5, 10, 20 and 30 and up to day 10 for L. sericata. The results show significant chemical changes occurring between the immature and mature adult flies over the extraction period examined in this study. With the aid of a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), samples were seen to cluster, allowing for the age to be established within the aforementioned time frames. The use of ANNs allowed for the automatic classification of novel samples with very good performance. This was a proof of concept study, which developed a method allowing to age post-emergence adults by using their chemical profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E Moore
- Cranfield Forensic Institute, Cranfield University, Shrivenham, Swindon, SN6 8LA, UK.
| | - John B Butcher
- School of Computing and Mathematics, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Charles R Day
- School of Computing and Mathematics, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Falko P Drijfhout
- Chemical Ecology Group, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
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Moore HE, Pechal JL, Benbow ME, Drijfhout FP. The potential use of cuticular hydrocarbons and multivariate analysis to age empty puparial cases of Calliphora vicina and Lucilia sericata. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1933. [PMID: 28512294 PMCID: PMC5434061 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01667-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Cuticular hydrocarbons (CHC) have been successfully used in the field of forensic entomology for identifying and ageing forensically important blowfly species, primarily in the larval stages. However in older scenes where all other entomological evidence is no longer present, Calliphoridae puparial cases can often be all that remains and therefore being able to establish the age could give an indication of the PMI. This paper examined the CHCs present in the lipid wax layer of insects, to determine the age of the cases over a period of nine months. The two forensically important species examined were Calliphora vicina and Lucilia sericata. The hydrocarbons were chemically extracted and analysed using Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry. Statistical analysis was then applied in the form of non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis (NMDS), permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) and random forest models. This study was successful in determining age differences within the empty cases, which to date, has not been establish by any other technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E Moore
- Cranfield Forensic Institute, Cranfield University, Shrivenham, Swindon, SN6 8LA, UK
| | - Jennifer L Pechal
- Department of Entomology, 243 Natural Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - M Eric Benbow
- Department of Entomology, 243 Natural Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.,Department of Osteopathic Medical Specialties, 243 Natural Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.,Ecology, Evolutionary Biology, and Behavior Program, 243 Natural Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Falko P Drijfhout
- Department of Chemical Ecology, School of Chemical and Physical Science, Keele University, ST5 5BG, England, UK.
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Flaherty BF, Moore HE, Riva-Cambrin J, Bratton SL. Pediatric patients with traumatic epidural hematoma at low risk for deterioration and need for surgical treatment. J Pediatr Surg 2017; 52:334-339. [PMID: 27663125 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although some pediatric patients with small traumatic epidural hematoma (EDH) are observed without surgical drainage, clinical practice remains variable. OBJECTIVES Create a prediction rule to identify patients with EDH unlikely to fail hospital observation. METHODS Retrospective review at a level I pediatric trauma center between 2003 and 2014. Presenting clinical and radiographic features were compared between those successfully to failed observation. RESULTS Two hundred twenty-two patients with EDH whose initial management strategy was observation were analyzed; 196 (88%) were successfully observed. The group failing observation was more likely to present with altered mental status (RR 18.8; 95% CI 8.7-49.6), has larger median bleed thickness (observed = 5.6mm versus failed observation = 10.9mm, p<0.01), median bleed volume (observed = 2.1ml versus failed observation = 15.7ml, p<0.01), and mass effect (RR 3.7; 95% CI 1.8-7.7). No mass effect, EDH volume<15ml, and no neurologic deficits predicted patients at low risk of failing observation with a positive predictive value of 98% (95% CI 93-99%). There was no difference in median discharge Glasgow outcome scores (5 in both groups, p=0.20). CONCLUSION Patients with no mass effect and EDH volume <15ml on initial CT scan and no neurologic deficit are at low risk of failing observation. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Retrospective cohort level I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian F Flaherty
- University of Utah, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care, Salt Lake City, UT 84108.
| | - Hannah E Moore
- University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90033
| | - Jay Riva-Cambrin
- University of Calgary, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Section of Neurosurgery, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, AB T3B 6A8
| | - Susan L Bratton
- University of Utah, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care, Salt Lake City, UT 84108
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Moore HE, Butcher JB, Adam CD, Day CR, Drijfhout FP. Age estimation of Calliphora (Diptera: Calliphoridae) larvae using cuticular hydrocarbon analysis and Artificial Neural Networks. Forensic Sci Int 2016; 268:81-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Musah RA, Espinoza EO, Cody RB, Lesiak AD, Christensen ED, Moore HE, Maleknia S, Drijfhout FP. A High Throughput Ambient Mass Spectrometric Approach to Species Identification and Classification from Chemical Fingerprint Signatures. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11520. [PMID: 26156000 PMCID: PMC4648398 DOI: 10.1038/srep11520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A high throughput method for species identification and classification through chemometric processing of direct analysis in real time (DART) mass spectrometry-derived fingerprint signatures has been developed. The method entails introduction of samples to the open air space between the DART ion source and the mass spectrometer inlet, with the entire observed mass spectral fingerprint subjected to unsupervised hierarchical clustering processing. A range of both polar and non-polar chemotypes are instantaneously detected. The result is identification and species level classification based on the entire DART-MS spectrum. Here, we illustrate how the method can be used to: (1) distinguish between endangered woods regulated by the Convention for the International Trade of Endangered Flora and Fauna (CITES) treaty; (2) assess the origin and by extension the properties of biodiesel feedstocks; (3) determine insect species from analysis of puparial casings; (4) distinguish between psychoactive plants products; and (5) differentiate between Eucalyptus species. An advantage of the hierarchical clustering approach to processing of the DART-MS derived fingerprint is that it shows both similarities and differences between species based on their chemotypes. Furthermore, full knowledge of the identities of the constituents contained within the small molecule profile of analyzed samples is not required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabi A Musah
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY 12222 USA
| | - Edgard O Espinoza
- U.S. National Fish and Wildlife Forensics Laboratory, 1490 East Main Street, Ashland, OR, 97520-1310, USA
| | - Robert B Cody
- JEOL USA Inc., 11 Dearborn Road, Peabody, MA 01960 USA
| | - Ashton D Lesiak
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY 12222 USA
| | - Earl D Christensen
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, MS-1634, Golden, CO 80401 USA
| | - Hannah E Moore
- Department of Chemical Ecology, School of Physical and Geographical Science, Keele University, Keele ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Simin Maleknia
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Falko P Drijfhout
- Department of Chemical Ecology, School of Physical and Geographical Science, Keele University, Keele ST5 5BG, UK
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Moore HE, Adam CD, Drijfhout FP. Identifying 1st instar larvae for three forensically important blowfly species using "fingerprint" cuticular hydrocarbon analysis. Forensic Sci Int 2014; 240:48-53. [PMID: 24815992 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2014.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Calliphoridae are known to be the most forensically important insects when it comes to establishing the minimum post mortem interval (PMImin) in criminal investigations. The first step in calculating the PMImin is to identify the larvae present to species level. Accurate identification which is conventionally carried out by morphological analysis is crucial because different insects have different life stage timings. Rapid identification in the immature larvae stages would drastically cut time in criminal investigations as it would eliminate the need to rear larvae to adult flies to determine the species. Cuticular hydrocarbon analysis on 1st instar larvae has been applied to three forensically important blowflies; Lucilia sericata, Calliphora vicina and Calliphora vomitoria, using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and principal component analysis (PCA). The results show that each species holds a distinct "fingerprint" hydrocarbon profile, allowing for accurate identification to be established in 1-day old larvae, when it can be challenging to apply morphological criteria. Consequently, this GC-MS based technique could accelerate and strengthen the identification process, not only for forensically important species, but also for other entomological samples which are hard to identify using morphological features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E Moore
- Department of Chemical Ecology, School of Physical and Geographical Science, Keele University, Keele ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Craig D Adam
- School of Physical and Geographical Science, Keele University, Keele ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Falko P Drijfhout
- Department of Chemical Ecology, School of Physical and Geographical Science, Keele University, Keele ST5 5BG, UK.
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Moore HE, Adam CD, Drijfhout FP. Potential Use of Hydrocarbons for AgingLucilia sericataBlowfly Larvae to Establish the Postmortem Interval. J Forensic Sci 2012; 58:404-12. [DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.12016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2011] [Revised: 11/29/2011] [Accepted: 03/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E. Moore
- Department of Chemical Ecology; School of Physical and Geographical Science, Keele University; ST5 5BG; Keele; U.K
| | - Craig D. Adam
- School of Physical and Geographical Science, Keele University; ST5 5BG; Keele; U.K
| | - Falko P. Drijfhout
- Department of Chemical Ecology; School of Physical and Geographical Science, Keele University; ST5 5BG; Keele; U.K
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Moore HE, Davenport EL, Smith EM, Muralikrishnan S, Dunlop AS, Walker BA, Krige D, Drummond AH, Hooftman L, Morgan GJ, Davies FE. Aminopeptidase inhibition as a targeted treatment strategy in myeloma. Mol Cancer Ther 2009; 8:762-70. [PMID: 19372548 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-08-0735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Myeloma cells are highly dependent on the unfolded protein response to assemble folded immunoglobulins correctly. Therefore, targeting protein handling within a myeloma cell by inhibiting the aminopeptidase enzyme system, which catalyses the hydrolysis of amino acids from the proteins NH2 terminus, represents a therapeutic approach. CHR-2797, a novel aminopeptidase inhibitor, is able to inhibit proliferation and induce growth arrest and apoptosis in myeloma cells, including cells resistant to conventional chemotherapeutics. It causes minimal inhibition of bone marrow stromal cell (BMSC) proliferation but is able to overcome the microenvironmental protective effects, inhibiting the proliferation of myeloma cells bound to BMSCs and the increase in vascular endothelial growth factor levels seen when myeloma cells and BMSCs are bound together. Additive and synergistic effects are seen with bortezomib, melphalan, and dexamethasone. Apoptosis occurs via both caspase-dependent and non-caspase-dependent pathways with an increase in Noxa, cleavage of Mcl-1, and activation of the unfolded protein response. Autophagy is also seen. CHR-2797 causes an up-regulation of genes involved in the proteasome/ubiquitin pathway, as well as aminopeptidases, and amino acid deprivation response genes. In conclusion, inhibiting protein turnover using the aminopeptidase inhibitor CHR-2797 results in myeloma cell apoptosis and represents a novel therapeutic approach that warrants further investigation in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E Moore
- Section of Haemato-Oncology, Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, United Kingdom
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Davenport EL, Moore HE, Dunlop AS, Sharp SY, Workman P, Morgan GJ, Davies FE. Heat shock protein inhibition is associated with activation of the unfolded protein response pathway in myeloma plasma cells. Blood 2007; 110:2641-9. [PMID: 17525289 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2006-11-053728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma cells producing high levels of paraprotein are dependent on the unfolded protein response (UPR) and chaperone proteins to ensure correct protein folding and cell survival. We hypothesized that disrupting client-chaperone interactions using heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) inhibitors would result in an inability to handle immunoglobulin production with the induction of the UPR and myeloma cell death. To study this, myeloma cells were treated with Hsp90 inhibitors as well as known endoplasmic reticulum stress inducers and proteasome inhibitors. Treatment with thapsigargin and tunicamycin led to the activation of all 3 branches of the UPR, with early splicing of XBP1 indicative of IRE1 activation, upregulation of CHOP consistent with ER resident kinase (PERK) activation, and activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) splicing. 17-AAG and radicicol also induced splicing of XBP1, with the induction of CHOP and activation of ATF6, whereas bortezomib resulted in the induction of CHOP and activation of ATF6 with minimal effects on XBP1. After treatment with all drugs, expression levels of the molecular chaperones BiP and GRP94 were increased. All drugs inhibited proliferation and induced cell death with activation of JNK and caspase cleavage. In conclusion, Hsp90 inhibitors induce myeloma cell death at least in part via endoplasmic reticulum stress and the UPR death pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Davenport
- Section of Haemato-Oncology, Cancer Research UK, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, UK
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Burgess NA, Moore HE, Thomas S, Shukla H, Lewis MH. Evaluation of a new non-woven theatre swab. J R Coll Surg Edinb 1992; 37:191-3. [PMID: 1404047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A new non-woven theatre swab was compared with traditional gauze in laboratory and clinical studies. Results of both clinical and laboratory-based studies showed the non-woven swab to be as effective as traditional gauze in terms of softness, conformability, ability to pad or pack, resistance to snagging and shredding, and ease of counting when wet. The non-woven swabs were also superior to gauze with regard to their ability to retain fluid. Manufactured from polyester and hemisynthetic viscose, the non-woven swabs can be produced to a uniform standard and are less expensive. It is concluded that the new non-woven material has practical and economic advantages over traditional gauze.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Burgess
- East Glamorgan General Hospital, Pontypridd, Mid Glamorgan, UK
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Abstract
Pancreatico-pleural fistula is a rare condition in which pancreatic enzymes drain directly in to the pleural cavity, most commonly from an enlarging pseudocyst. We review the literature on the causes, investigations and treatment of pancreatico-pleural fistulae and compare this with our own experience of the case of a 41 year old man with a left sided pancreatico-pleural fistula associated with pancreatic duct obstruction. The fistula could not be demonstrated by USS, CT or ERCP, and after these investigations the patient was managed conservatively. However, deterioration in the patients' condition led to an urgent but not emergency laparotomy and operative pancreatogram. This demonstrated the distally obstructed pancreatic duct, with associated pleural fistula for which aggressive surgical intervention was indicated. The patient subsequently completely recovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Burgess
- East Glamorgan General Hospital, Pontypridd, Mid. Glam
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16
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Moore HE, Garmendia MJ, Cooper WJ. Kinetics of monochloramine oxidation of N,N-diethyl-p-phenylenediamine. Environ Sci Technol 1984; 18:348-353. [PMID: 22280082 DOI: 10.1021/es00123a011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
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17
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King DR, Moore HE, King AC. Fiber optics in diagnosis of osseous pathology. J Oral Med 1974; 29:18-9. [PMID: 4521002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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18
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Little JW, Bartlett R, Bean LR, King DR, Moore HE, Rosenthal RL. Comprehensive patient care in dental school clinic. J Dent Educ 1973; 37:50-4. [PMID: 4514814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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19
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20
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Rosenthal RL, Little JW, Bean LR, King DR, Moore HE, Bartlett R. Phasing of treatment in comprehensive care dental curriculum. J Dent Educ 1973; 37:25-6 passim. [PMID: 4511767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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21
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Rosenthal RL, Little JW, Bean LR, King DR, Moore HE, Bartlett R. Phasing of treatment in comprehensive care dental curriculum. J Dent Educ 1973. [DOI: 10.1002/j.0022-0337.1973.37.4.tb00672.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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22
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Lang EK, Simon KJ, Cummings DH, Byrd EH, Moore HE, Tannehill RH, West WC, Tate WB, Brooks GG, Dilworth EE. Arteriography, pelvic pneumography and lymphangiography augmenting assessment and staging of carcinoma of the cervix. South Med J 1970; 63:1249-56. [PMID: 5475290 DOI: 10.1097/00007611-197011000-00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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23
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Kuroda PK, Hodges HL, Fry LM, Moore HE. Stratospheric Residence Time of Strontium-90: An overall average residence time of 0.7 0.1 year was observed during the period 1958 through 1960. Science 1962; 137:15-7. [PMID: 17774120 DOI: 10.1126/science.137.3523.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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24
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