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Regan SL, Sugimoto C, Dawson HE, Williams MT, Vorhees CV. Latrophilin-3 heterozygous versus homozygous mutations in Sprague Dawley rats: Effects on egocentric and allocentric memory and locomotor activity. Genes Brain Behav 2022; 21:e12817. [PMID: 35985692 PMCID: PMC9744505 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Latrophilin-3 (LPHN3) is a brain specific G-protein coupled receptor associated with increased risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and cognitive deficits. CRISPR/Cas9 was used to generate a constitutive knockout (KO) rat of Lphn3 by deleting exon 3, based on human data that LPHN3 variants are associated with some cases of ADHD. Lphn3 KO rats are hyperactive with an attenuated response to ADHD medication and have cognitive deficits. Here, we tested KO, heterozygous (HET), and wildtype (WT) rats to determine if there was a gene-dosage effect. We tested the rats in home-cage activity starting at postnatal day (P)35 and P50, followed by tests of egocentric learning (Cincinnati water maze [CWM]), spatial learning (Morris water maze [MWM]), working memory (radial water maze [RWM]), incidental learning (novel object recognition [NOR]), acoustic startle response (ASR) habituation, tactile startle response (TSR) habituation, prepulse modification of acoustic startle, shuttle-box passive avoidance, conditioned freezing, and a mirror image version of the CWM. KO and HET rats were hyperactive. KO and HET rats had egocentric (CWM) and spatial deficits (MWM), increased startle response, and KO rats showed less conditioned freezing on contextual and cued memory; there were no effects on working memory (RWM) or passive avoidance. The selective gene-dosage effect in Lphn3 HET rats indicates that Lphn3 exhibits dominate expression on functions where it is most abundantly expressed (striatum, hippocampus) but not on behaviors mediated by regions of low expression. The data add further evidence to the impact of this synaptic protein on brain function and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L. Regan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and Division of NeurologyCincinnati Children's Research FoundationCincinnatiOhioUSA,Department of Human GeneticsUniversity of Michigan Medical CenterAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Chiho Sugimoto
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and Division of NeurologyCincinnati Children's Research FoundationCincinnatiOhioUSA,Department of PhysiologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
| | - Hannah E. Dawson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and Division of NeurologyCincinnati Children's Research FoundationCincinnatiOhioUSA
| | - Michael T. Williams
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and Division of NeurologyCincinnati Children's Research FoundationCincinnatiOhioUSA
| | - Charles V. Vorhees
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and Division of NeurologyCincinnati Children's Research FoundationCincinnatiOhioUSA
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Schmaranzer F, Arendt L, Lerch TD, Steppacher SD, Nuss K, Wolfer N, Dawson HE, von Rechenberg B, Kircher PR, Tannast M. Femoral osteochondroplasty can be performed effectively without the risk of avascular necrosis or femoral neck fractures in an experimental ovine FAI model. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2018; 26:128-137. [PMID: 29061495 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2017.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The experimental induction of cam-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) in sheep is established. To tap the full potential of this ovine model, one should be able to perform a femoral osteochondroplasty safely. This study was based on previous cadaver experiments on the blood supply to the ovine femoral head and on the biomechanical strength of the proximal femur following offset creation. We hypothesized that offset creation in this ovine FAI model does not lead to (1) avascular necrosis (AVN) of the ovine femoral head or (2) iatrogenic femoral neck fractures and (3) can be performed effectively. DESIGN In this experimental, controlled, prospective study nine sheep underwent unilateral FAI induction through an intertrochanteric, varus osteotomy. Seventy days following FAI induction, femoral osteochondroplasty was performed. Sheep were sacrificed after another 140 days. Radiographs, computed tomography (CT) scans and MRI were acquired. Histologic samples were stained with hematoxylin-eosin. (1) The multimodal Association Research Circulation Osseous (ARCO) classification was used for assessment of AVN. (2) Femoral neck fractures were assessed with the multimodal imaging approach. (3) Pre- and postoperative (=after sacrifice) alpha angles and femoral neck diameters were compared. RESULTS (1) No signs for AVN according to the ARCO classification or (2) for femoral neck fractures were detected. (3) Mean alpha angles and femoral neck diameters decreased significantly (p < 0.001) superiorly by at least 30° respectively 4 mm after the offset creation. CONCLUSIONS Femoral osteochondroplasty can be performed effectively and without the risk of AVN or femoral neck fractures in this ovine FAI model.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Schmaranzer
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - L Arendt
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit (MSRU), Equine Hospital, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - T D Lerch
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - S D Steppacher
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - K Nuss
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit (MSRU), Equine Hospital, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - N Wolfer
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit (MSRU), Equine Hospital, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - H E Dawson
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - B von Rechenberg
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit (MSRU), Equine Hospital, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - P R Kircher
- Department of Small Animals, Division of Diagnostic Imaging, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - M Tannast
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Musculoskeletal Research Unit (MSRU), Equine Hospital, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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