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Mahapatra P, Pal SK, Ohshima H, Gopmandal PP. Electrohydrodynamics of diffuse porous colloids. Soft Matter 2024; 20:2840-2862. [PMID: 38456335 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01759a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
The present article deals with the electrohydrodynamic motion of diffuse porous particles governed by an applied DC electric field. The spatial distribution of monomers as well as the charge distribution across the particle are considered to follow sigmoidal distribution involving decay length. Such a parameter measures the degree of inhomogeneity of the monomer distribution across the particle. The diffuse porous particles resemble several colloidal entities which are often seen in the environment as well as in biological and pharmaceutical industries. Considering the impact of bulk pH and ion steric effects, we modelled the electrohydrodynamics of such porous particulates based on the modified Boltzmann distribution for the spatial distribution of electrolyte ions and the Poisson equation for electric potential as well as the conservation of mass and momentum principles. We adopt regular perturbation analysis with weak field assumption and the perturbed equations are solved numerically to calculate the electrophoretic mobility and neutralization fraction of the particle charge during its motion as well as fluid collection efficiency. We further deduced the closed form relation between the drag force experienced by the charged porous particle and the fluid collection efficiency. In addition to the numerical results, we further derived the closed form analytical results for all the intrinsic parameters indicated above derived within the Debye-Hückel electrostatic framework and homogeneous distribution of monomers within the particle for which the decay length vanishes. The deduced mathematical results as indicated above will be useful to analyze several electrostatic and hydrodynamic features of a wide class of porous particulate and environmental entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paramita Mahapatra
- Department of Mathematics, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur-713209, India.
| | - S K Pal
- Department of Mathematics, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - H Ohshima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Partha P Gopmandal
- Department of Mathematics, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur-713209, India.
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Ida-Yonemochi H, Otsu K, Irié T, Ohazama A, Harada H, Ohshima H. Loss of Autophagy Disrupts Stemness of Ameloblast-Lineage Cells in Aging. J Dent Res 2024; 103:156-166. [PMID: 38058147 DOI: 10.1177/00220345231209931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is one of the intracellular degradation pathways and maintains cellular homeostasis, regulating the stress response, cell proliferation, and signal transduction. To elucidate the role of autophagy in the maintenance of dental epithelial stem cells and the subsequent enamel formation, we analyzed autophagy-deficient mice in epithelial cells (Atg7f/f;KRT14-Cre mice), focusing on the influence of aging and stress environments. We also performed in vitro cell and organ culture experiments with an autophagy inhibitor. In young Atg7f/f;KRT14-Cre mice, morphological change was not obvious in maxillary incisors, except for the remarkable cell death in the stratum intermedium of the transitional stage. However, under stress conditions of hyperglycemia, the incisor color changed to white in diabetes Atg7f/f;KRT14-Cre mice. Regarding dental epithelial stem cells, the shape of the apical bud region of the incisor became irregular with age, and odontoma was formed in aged Atg7f/f;KRT14-Cre mice. In addition, the shape of apical bud culture cells of Atg7f/f;KRT14-Cre mice became irregular and enlarged atypically, with epigenetic changes during culture, suggesting that autophagy deficiency may induce tumorigenesis in dental epithelial cells. The epigenetic change and upregulation of p21 expression were induced by autophagy inhibition in vivo and in vitro. These findings suggest that autophagy is important for the regulation of stem cell maintenance, proliferation, and differentiation of ameloblast-lineage cells, and an autophagy disorder may induce tumorigenesis in odontogenic epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ida-Yonemochi
- Division of Anatomy and Cell Biology of the Hard Tissue, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Japan
| | - K Otsu
- Division of Developmental Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate, Japan
| | - T Irié
- Division of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate, Japan
| | - A Ohazama
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Japan
| | - H Harada
- Division of Developmental Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate, Japan
| | - H Ohshima
- Division of Anatomy and Cell Biology of the Hard Tissue, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Japan
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Samanta S, Mahapatra P, Ohshima H, Gopmandal PP. Diffusiophoresis of Weakly Charged Fluid Droplets in a General Electrolyte Solution: An Analytical Theory. Langmuir 2023; 39:12452-12466. [PMID: 37615654 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the importance of analytical results for electrokinetics of colloidal entities, we performed a mathematical analysis to determine the closed form analytical results for the diffusiophoretic velocity of a hydrophobic and polarizable fluid droplet. A comprehensive mathematical model is developed for diffusiophoresis, considering the background aqueous medium as general electrolytes (e.g., binary valence-symmetric/asymmetric electrolytes and a mixed solution of binary electrolytes). We performed our analysis under a weak concentration gradient, and the analytical results for diffusiophoretic velocity are calculated within the Debye-Hückel electrostatic framework. The exact form of the diffusiophoretic velocity is further approximated with negligible error, and the approximate form is found to be free from any of the cumbersome exponential integrals and thus very convenient for practical use. The present theory also covers the diffusiophoresis of perfectly dielectric as well as perfectly conducting droplets as its limiting case. In addition, we have further derived a number of closed form expressions for diffusiophoretic velocity pertaining to several particular cases, and we observed that the derived limit correctly recovers the available existing analytical results for diffusiophoretic velocity. Thus, the present analytical theory for diffusiophoresis can be applied to a wide class of fluidic droplets, e.g., hydrophobic and dielectric oil/conducting mercury droplets, air bubbles, nanoemulsions, as well as any polarizable and hydrophobic fluidic droplet suspended in a solution of general electrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susmita Samanta
- Department of Mathematics, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur 713209, India
| | - Paramita Mahapatra
- Department of Mathematics, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur 713209, India
| | - H Ohshima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Partha P Gopmandal
- Department of Mathematics, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur 713209, India
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Otsuka K, Cornelissen G, Kubo Y, Shibata K, Mizuno K, Aiba T, Furukawa S, Ohshima H, Mukai C. Methods for assessing change in brain plasticity at night and psychological resilience during daytime between repeated long-duration space missions. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10909. [PMID: 37407662 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36389-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to examine the feasibility of analyzing heart rate variability (HRV) data from repeat-flier astronauts at matching days on two separate missions to assess any effect of repeated missions on brain plasticity and psychological resilience, as conjectured by Demertzi. As an example, on the second mission of a healthy astronaut studied about 20 days after launch, sleep duration lengthened, sleep quality improved, and spectral power (ms2) co-varying with activity of the salience network (SN) increased at night. HF-component (0.15-0.50 Hz) increased by 61.55%, and HF-band (0.30-0.40 Hz) by 92.60%. Spectral power of HRV indices during daytime, which correlate negatively with psychological resilience, decreased, HF-component by 22.18% and HF-band by 37.26%. LF-component and LF-band, reflecting activity of the default mode network, did not change significantly. During the second mission, 24-h acrophases of HRV endpoints did not change but the 12-h acrophase of TF-HRV did (P < 0.0001), perhaps consolidating the circadian system to help adapt to space by taking advantage of brain plasticity at night and psychological resilience during daytime. While this N-of-1 study prevents drawing definitive conclusions, the methodology used herein to monitor markers of brain plasticity could pave the way for further studies that could add to the present results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuniaki Otsuka
- Space Biomedical Research Group, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Ibaraki, Japan.
- Halberg Chronobiology Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
- Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | | | - Yutaka Kubo
- Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Koh Mizuno
- Space Biomedical Research Group, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Ibaraki, Japan
- Faculty of Education, Tohoku Fukushi University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Aiba
- Space Biomedical Research Group, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Satoshi Furukawa
- Space Biomedical Research Group, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ohshima
- Space Biomedical Research Group, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Chiaki Mukai
- Space Biomedical Research Group, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Ibaraki, Japan
- Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
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Kim EJ, Kim HY, Li L, Tang Q, Kim KH, Ohshima H, Jung HS. Cuspal Shape Alterations by Bmp4 Directing Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis. J Dent Res 2023:220345231167769. [PMID: 37246809 DOI: 10.1177/00220345231167769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The enamel knot (EK), located at the center of cap stage tooth germs, is a transitory cluster of nondividing epithelial cells. The EK acts as a signaling center that provides positional information for tooth morphogenesis and regulates the growth of tooth cusps. To identify species-specific cuspal patterns, this study analyzed the cellular mechanisms in the EK that were related to bone morphogenetic protein (Bmp), which plays a crucial role in cell proliferation and apoptosis. To understand the cellular mechanisms in the EK, the differences between 2 species showing different cuspal patterning, mouse (pointy bunodont cusp) and gerbil (flat lophodont cusp), were analyzed with quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescent staining. Based on these, we performed protein-soaked bead implantation on tooth germs of the 2 different EK regions and compared the cellular behavior in the EKs of the 2 species. Many genes related with cell cycle, cell apoptosis, and cell proliferation were involved in BMP signaling in the EK during tooth development. A comparison of the cell proliferation and apoptosis associated with Bmp revealed distinctive patterns of the cellular mechanisms. Our findings indicate that the cellular mechanisms, such as cell proliferation and apoptosis, in the EK are related to Bmp4 and play an important role in tooth morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E-J Kim
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Taste Research Center, Oral Science Research Center, BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - H-Y Kim
- NGeneS Inc., Ansan-si, Korea
| | - L Li
- Department of Biological Science, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Q Tang
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - K-H Kim
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Taste Research Center, Oral Science Research Center, BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - H Ohshima
- Division of Anatomy and Cell Biology of the Hard Tissue, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - H-S Jung
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Taste Research Center, Oral Science Research Center, BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
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Mahapatra P, Ohshima H, Gopmandal PP. Effect of hydrodynamic slip on the electrophoresis of hydrophobic spherical particles in a solution of general electrolytes. Colloid Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-022-05018-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Mahapatra P, Ohshima H, Gopmandal PP. Electrophoresis of Dielectric and Hydrophobic Spherical Fluid Droplets Possessing Uniform Surface Charge Density. Langmuir 2022; 38:11421-11431. [PMID: 36083152 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The present article deals with the theoretical study on electrophoresis of hydrophobic and dielectric spherical fluid droplets possessing uniform surface charge density. Unlike the ideally polarizable liquid droplet bearing constant surface ζ-potential, the tangential component of the Maxwell stress is nonzero for dielectric fluid droplets with uniform surface charge density. We consider the continuity of the tangential component of total stress (sum of the hydrodynamic and Maxwell stresses) and jump in dielectric displacement along the droplet-to-electrolyte interface. The typical situation is considered here for which the interfacial tension of the fluid droplet is sufficiently high so that the droplet retains its spherical shape during its motion. The present theory can be applied to nanoemulsions, hydrophobic oil droplets, gas bubbles, droplets of immiscible liquid suspended in aqueous medium, etc. Based on weak field and low charge assumptions and neglecting the Marangoni effect, the resultant electrokinetic equations are solved using linear perturbation analysis to derive the closed form expression for electrophoretic mobility applicable for the entire range of Debye-Hückel parameter. We further deduced an alternate approximate expression for electrophoretic mobility without involving exponential integrals. Besides, we have derived analytical results for mobility pertaining to various limiting cases. The results are further illustrated to show the impact of pertinent parameters on the overall electrophoretic mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paramita Mahapatra
- Department of Mathematics, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur 713209, India
| | - H Ohshima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Partha P Gopmandal
- Department of Mathematics, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur 713209, India
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Abstract
A theoretical study has been carried out on the electrophoresis of charged dielectric liquid droplets with an equipotential and hydrodynamically slipping surface moving in a quenched polymeric charged hydrogel medium. The liquid inside the droplet is electrically neutral. The Brinkman-Debye-Bueche model is employed to study the gel electrophoresis of such a hydrophobic and equipotential liquid droplet considering the long-range hydrodynamic interaction between a migrating droplet and the gel skeleton. Within the weak field and Debye-Hückel electrostatic framework, we derive an original closed-form expression for electrophoretic mobility, which further recovers the existing mobility expressions derived under several limiting conditions. The derived expressions for electrophoretic mobility explicitly involve exponential integrals, which are not so convenient for practical applications. Thus, the exact forms of the electrophoretic mobility under various electrohydrodynamic conditions are further approximated to make them free from exponential integrals. The approximate forms are found to be in excellent agreement with the exact results with maximum relative errors of about 1.5%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankar Sarkar
- Physics and Applied Mathematics Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata - 700108, India
| | - H Ohshima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Partha P Gopmandal
- Department of Mathematics, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur - 713209, India
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Mahapatra P, Ohshima H, Gopmandal PP. Electrophoresis of Liquid-Layer Coated Particles: Impact of Ion Partitioning and Ion Steric Effects. Langmuir 2021; 37:11316-11329. [PMID: 34529445 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The biomimetic core-shell nanoparticles coated with membranes of various biological cells have attracted significant research interest, because of their extensive applications in targeted drug delivery systems. The cell membrane consists of a lipid bilayer, which can be regarded as a two-dimensional oriented viscous liquid with low dielectric permittivity, compared to a bulk aqueous medium. Such a liquid layer comprised of cell membrane may bear additional mobile charges, because of the presence of free lipid molecules or charged surfactant molecules, which further results in nonzero charge along the surface of the peripheral layer. In this article, we present an analytical theory for electrophoresis of such cell membrane coated functionalized nanoparticles in the extent of electrolyte solution, considering the combined effects of finite ion size and of ion partitioning. Going beyond the Debye-Huckel approximations, we propose an analytical theory for Donnan potential and electrophoretic mobility. The derived expressions are applicable for moderate to highly charged undertaken core-shell particles when the thickness of the peripheral liquid layer greatly exceeds the electric double layer thickness. The impact of pertinent parameters on the electrophoretic response of such a particle is further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paramita Mahapatra
- Department of Mathematics, National Institute of Technology Durgapur Durgapur-713209, India
| | - H Ohshima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Partha P Gopmandal
- Department of Mathematics, National Institute of Technology Durgapur Durgapur-713209, India
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Okada A, Matsumoto T, Ohshima H, Isomura T, Koga T, Yasui T, Kohri K, LeBlanc A, Spector E, Jones J, Shackelford L, Sibonga J. Bisphosphonate Use May Reduce the Risk of Urolithiasis in Astronauts on Long‐Term Spaceflights. JBMR Plus 2021; 6:e10550. [PMID: 35079672 PMCID: PMC8770998 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Long‐duration spaceflight is associated with an increased risk of urolithiasis, and the pain caused by urinary calculi could result in loss of human performance and mission objectives. The present study investigated the risk of urolithiasis in astronauts during 6 months on the International Space Station, and evaluated whether the suppression of bone resorption by the bisphosphonate, alendronate (ALN), can reduce the risk. A total of 17 astronauts were included into the analysis: exercise using the advanced resistive exercise device (ARED) plus weekly oral 70 mg alendronate (ARED+ALN group, n = 7) was compared to resistive exercise alone (ARED group, n = 10). Urine volume decreased in both groups during spaceflight but recovered after return. The ARED group showed increased urinary calcium excretion from the 15th to 30th day of spaceflight, whereas urinary calcium was slightly decreased in the ARED+ALN group. Urinary N‐terminal telopeptide (NTX) and helical peptide (HP) of type I collagen, as bone resorption markers, were elevated in the ARED group during and until 0 days after spaceflight, while there was no elevation in these parameters in the ARED+ALN group. Urinary oxalate and uric acid excretion tended to be higher in the ARED group than in the ARED+ALN group during spaceflight. These results demonstrate that astronauts on long‐duration spaceflights may be at high risk for the formation of urinary calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate stones through increased urinary excretion of oxalate and uric acid, from degraded type I collagen, as well as of calcium from enhanced bone resorption. Our findings suggest that increased bone resorption during spaceflight, as a risk factor for urinary calculus formation, could be effectively prevented by an inhibitor of bone resorption. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Okada
- Department of Nephro‐urology Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences Nagoya Japan
| | - Toshio Matsumoto
- Fujii Memorial Institute of Medical Sciences Tokushima University Tokushima Japan
| | | | - Tatsuya Isomura
- Institute of Medical Science Tokyo Medical University Tokyo Japan
| | - Tadashi Koga
- Department of Pharmacology St. Marianna University School of Medicine Kawasaki Japan
| | - Takahiro Yasui
- Department of Nephro‐urology Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences Nagoya Japan
| | - Kenjiro Kohri
- Department of Nephro‐urology Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences Nagoya Japan
| | - Adrian LeBlanc
- Baylor College of Medicine‐ Center for Space Medicine Houston TX USA
| | | | - Jeffrey Jones
- Baylor College of Medicine‐ Center for Space Medicine Houston TX USA
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Gopmandal PP, Bhattacharyya S, Ohshima H. A simplified model for gel electrophoresis of a hydrophobic rigid colloid. Soft Matter 2021; 17:5700-5710. [PMID: 34008689 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm00462j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Electrophoresis of a charged dielectric hydrophobic colloid embedded in a charged hydrogel medium is addressed. A slip velocity condition at the particle surface is considered. The characteristic of the gel electrophoresis is different compared with the free-solution electrophoresis due to the presence of immobile charges of the gel medium, which induces a strong background electroosmotic flow and modifies the Debye layer of the colloid. The gel electrophoresis of the dielectric hydrophobic charged colloid is made based on first-order perturbation analysis. A closed form solution involving simple exponential integrals for the mobility is derived, which reduces to several existing mobility expressions under limiting conditions such as for the gel electrophoresis of hydrophilic particles and a hydrophobic colloid in free-solution electrophoresis. We find that the mobility reversal is achieved by varying the Debye length or gel permeability. For the present first-order perturbation analysis, unlike free-solution electrophoresis, the particle dielectric permittivity is found to influence the mobility. One of the intriguing features of the present study is the derivation of the simplified mobility expression, which can be easily computed for a given set of parameter values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Partha P Gopmandal
- Department of Mathematics, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur-713209, India.
| | - S Bhattacharyya
- Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur-721302, India
| | - H Ohshima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
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12
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Bharti, Gopmandal PP, Sinha RK, Ohshima H. Effect of core hydrophobicity on the electrophoresis of pH-regulated soft particles. Soft Matter 2021; 17:3074-3084. [PMID: 33596298 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm02278k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We propose a theoretical study on the electrophoresis of core-shell composite soft particles considering the effect of hydrodynamic slip length of the hydrophobic inner core. The surface of the inner core as well as the soft polymeric shell bear zwitterionic functional groups and the charged conditions depend on the nearby micro-environment. Within a low potential and weak electric field framework, the mathematical equations of the generalized electrokinetic theory for soft surfaces are solved analytically subject to appropriate boundary conditions, and a general electrophoretic mobility expression in an integral form involving the pH-dependent electrostatic potential is derived. With the help of suitable numerical schemes, electrophoretic mobility can easily be obtained. The effect of hydrophobicity of the inner core on the electrophoretic mobility of pH-regulated soft particles is illustrated for a wide range of pertinent parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharti
- Department of Mathematics, National Institute of Technology Patna, Patna-800005, India
| | - Partha P Gopmandal
- Department of Mathematics, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur-713209, India.
| | - R K Sinha
- Department of Mathematics, National Institute of Technology Patna, Patna-800005, India
| | - H Ohshima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
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Ohshima H, Kurosumi M, Kanto H. New solution of beauty problem by Staphylococcus hominis: Relevance between skin microbiome and skin condition in healthy subject. Skin Res Technol 2021; 27:692-700. [PMID: 33511688 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Recently, it was suggested that skin microbiome is related to some skin disease. The possibility of affecting the skin might be high, but there were few reports of the influence on the skin condition in healthy subjects. Our aim was to evaluate the relationship between skin condition and skin microbiome in healthy subjects. METHODS Experiment 1: 293 Japanese healthy women were divided into two groups, good skin properties and poor skin properties by 14 skin physiology parameter values on the cheek using noninvasive method. Differences of abundance of bacterial species on the cheek between the two groups were evaluated. Experiment 2: 11 Japanese healthy women were applied Staphylococcus hominis (S. hominis) on half-side of cheek for eight times in 1 month. Difference of change of physiology parameter values comparing to placebo side was evaluated. RESULTS Experiment 1: Multiple skin bacterial species were found to be significantly relevant in 14 physiology parameters. The abundance of S. hominis on the cheek with good skin properties group was significantly higher than poor skin properties group. Experiment 2: The application of S. hominis improved significantly the conspicuous pore number, melanin index, and the wrinkle count compared to placebo side. CONCLUSION We found many skin bacterial species that might improve the skin condition in healthy women. In particular, S. hominis might have the potential to improve multiple skin beauty problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ohshima
- POLA Laboratories, POLA CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES, INC., Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Hiromi Kanto
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan
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Maurya SK, Gopmandal PP, De S, Ohshima H, Sarkar S. Electrokinetics of Concentrated Suspension of Soft Particles with pH-Regulated Volumetric Charges. Langmuir 2021; 37:703-712. [PMID: 33412002 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This article presents a theoretical study on the electrokinetics of concentrated suspension of charge-regulated soft particles under a weak electric field and low potential assumptions. The inner core of the undertaken particle is "semisoft" in nature, which allows ion penetration while the fluid cannot flow within it, and the outer soft polymeric shell allows the flow of the ionized fluid. In addition, the inner core and the outer polyelectrolyte layer (PEL) bear pH-regulated basic and acidic functional groups, respectively. The Poisson-Boltzmann equation-based mathematical model was adopted here for electric potential. The fluid flow across the electrolyte medium and PEL is governed by the Stokes equation and the Darcy-Brinkman equation, respectively. The Kuwabara's unit cell model (J. Phys. Soc. Japan, 1959, 14, 522-527) was invoked to observe the effect of the interaction between the neighboring particles in a concentrated suspension. A first order perturbation technique was used to determine the mean electrophoretic mobility of the undertaken soft particles in a concentrated suspension. The effect of pH and concentration of bulk electrolyte, electrohydrodynamic properties of both the inner core and PEL, on the mean electrophoretic mobility has been studied extensively. In addition, the results have been presented for the neutralization factor that measures the fraction of fixed charges neutralized by the mobile counterions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Kumar Maurya
- Physics and Applied Mathematics Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata 700108, India
| | - Partha P Gopmandal
- Department of Mathematics, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur 713209, India
| | - Simanta De
- Department of Mathematics, University of Gour Banga, Malda 732103, India
| | - H Ohshima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Sankar Sarkar
- Physics and Applied Mathematics Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata 700108, India
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Kumar B, De S, Gopmandal PP, Sinha RK, Ohshima H. Electrophoresis of dielectric and immiscible-liquid-layer-encapsulated colloids in aqueous media. Phys Rev E 2020; 102:042618. [PMID: 33212703 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.102.042618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In this paper we consider the electrophoresis of a functionalized nanoparticle in electrolyte solution. The undertaken particle is comprised of a rigid inner core encapsulated with a layer of dielectric liquid (e.g., oil or lipid layer), which is immiscible to the bulk aqueous medium. The peripheral liquid layer of the undertaken nanoparticle contains mobile charges due to presence of solubilized surfactants. The mobile electrolyte ions can penetrate across the peripheral layer depending on the difference in the Born energy of the both phases. Such types of nanoparticles have received substantial attention due to their widespread applications in biomedical research. The electric double layer (EDL) is governed by the linearized Poisson-Boltzmann equation under a low potential limit and the electroosmotic flow field is governed by modified Stokes equation. We adopt the flat-plate formalism to obtain the closed analytical expression for the electrophoretic mobility of the undertaken particle under a thin EDL approximation. The dependence of electrophoretic mobility on the pertinent parameters is also illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binod Kumar
- Department of Mathematics, National Institute of Technology Patna, Patna-800005, India
| | - Simanta De
- Department of Mathematics, University of Gour Banga, Malda-732103, India
| | - Partha P Gopmandal
- Department of Mathematics, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur-713209, India
| | - R K Sinha
- Department of Mathematics, National Institute of Technology Patna, Patna-800005, India
| | - H Ohshima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
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Gopmandal PP, De S, Bhattacharyya S, Ohshima H. Impact of ion-steric and ion-partitioning effects on electrophoresis of soft particles. Phys Rev E 2020; 102:032601. [PMID: 33075919 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.102.032601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A theoretical study on the electrophoresis of a soft particle is made by taking into account the ion steric interactions and ion partitioning effects under a thin Debye layer consideration with negligible surface conduction. Objective of this study is to provide a simple expression for the mobility of a soft particle which accounts for the finite-ion-size effect and the ion partitioning arise due to the Born energy difference between two media. The Donnan potential in the soft layer is determined by considering the ion steric interactions and the ion partitioning effect. The volume exclusion due to the finite ion size is considered by the Carnahan-Starling equation and the ion partitioning is accounted through the difference in Born energy. The modified Poisson-Boltzmann equation coupled with Stokes-Darcy-Brinkman equations are considered to determine the mobility. A closed-form expression for the electrophoretic mobility is obtained, which reduces to several existing expressions for mobility under various limiting cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Partha P Gopmandal
- Department of Mathematics, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur 713209, India
| | - Simanta De
- Department of Mathematics, University of Gour Banga, Malda 732103, India
| | - S Bhattacharyya
- Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - H Ohshima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
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Barman B, Kumar D, Gopmandal PP, Ohshima H. Electrokinetic ion transport and fluid flow in a pH-regulated polymer-grafted nanochannel filled with power-law fluid. Soft Matter 2020; 16:6862-6874. [PMID: 32638819 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00709a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we have discussed extensively electrokinetic ion transport and fluid flow through a slit polymer-grafted nanochannel filled with power-law fluid. The rigid walls of the channel are coated with the ion and fluid penetrable polymer layer containing a pH-regulated zwitterionic functional group (e.g., succinoglycan). The mathematical model is based on the non-linear Poisson-Boltzmann equation for electric double layer potential and the flow field within the polymer layer is governed by a modified Darcy-Brinkman equation; the Cauchy momentum equation governs the fluid flow outside of the polymer layer along with the equation of continuity for incompressible fluid. In order to consider a wide range of pertinent parameters, we adopt a finite difference based numerical tool to solve the coupled set of governing equations. We have analyzed several interesting features of electrokinetic transport phenomena through such a polymer-grafted nanochannel for a wide range of electrostatic and hydrodynamic properties of the polymer layer, parameters describing the non-Newtonian rheology of the background fluid, and the pH and concentration of the bulk electrolyte. In addition, we have also illustrated the ionic current across the undertaken nanochannel and observed that it can be either cation selective, anion selective or non-selective, depending on the critical choice of the pertinent parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhanuman Barman
- Department of Mathematics, National Institute of Technology Patna, Patna 800005, India
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18
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Abstract
Glucose is an essential source of energy for mammalian cells and is transported into the cells by glucose transporters. There are 2 types of glucose transporters: one is a passive glucose transporter, GLUT (SLC2A), and the other is a sodium-dependent active glucose transporter, SGLT (SLC5A). We previously reported that the expression of GLUTs during tooth development is precisely and spatiotemporally controlled and that the glucose uptake mediated by GLUT1 plays a crucial role in early tooth morphogenesis and tooth size determination. This study aimed to clarify the localization and roles of SGLT1 and SGLT2 in murine ameloblast differentiation by using immunohistochemistry, immunoelectron microscopy, an in vitro tooth organ culture experiment, and in vivo administration of an inhibitor of SGLT1/2, phloridzin. SGLT1, which has high affinity with glucose, was immunolocalized in the early secretory ameloblasts and the ruffle-ended ameloblasts in the maturation stage. However, SGLT2, which has high glucose transport capacity, was observed in the stratum intermedium, papillary layer, and ameloblasts at the maturation stage and colocalized with Na+-K+-ATPase. The inhibition of SGLT1/2 by phloridzin in the tooth germs induced the disturbance of ameloblast differentiation and enamel matrix formation both in vitro (organ culture) and in vivo (mouse model). The expression of SGLT1 and SGLT2 was significantly upregulated in hypoxic conditions in the ameloblast-lineage cells. These findings suggest that the active glucose uptake mediated by SGLT1 and SGLT2 is strictly regulated and dependent on the intra- and extracellular microenvironments during tooth morphogenesis and that the appropriate passive and active glucose transport is an essential event in amelogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ida-Yonemochi
- Division of Anatomy and Cell Biology of the Hard Tissue, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Chuo-ku, Japan
| | - K Otsu
- Division of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Iwate Medical University, Shiwa-gun, Japan
| | - H Harada
- Division of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Iwate Medical University, Shiwa-gun, Japan
| | - H Ohshima
- Division of Anatomy and Cell Biology of the Hard Tissue, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Chuo-ku, Japan
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19
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Sibonga J, Matsumoto T, Jones J, Shapiro J, Lang T, Shackelford L, Smith SM, Young M, Keyak J, Kohri K, Ohshima H, Spector E, LeBlanc A. Resistive exercise in astronauts on prolonged spaceflights provides partial protection against spaceflight-induced bone loss. Bone 2019; 128:112037. [PMID: 31400472 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bone loss in astronauts during spaceflight may be a risk factor for osteoporosis, fractures and renal stone formation. We previously reported that the bisphosphonate alendronate, combined with exercise that included an Advanced Resistive Exercise Device (ARED), can prevent or attenuate group mean declines in areal bone mineral density (aBMD) measured soon after ~ 6-month spaceflights aboard the International Space Station (ISS). It is unclear however if the beneficial effects on postflight aBMD were due to individual or combined effects of alendronate and ARED. Hence, 10 additional ISS astronauts were recruited who used the ARED (ARED group) without drug administration using similar measurements in the previous study, i.e., densitometry, biochemical assays and analysis of finite element (FE) models. In addition densitometry data (DXA and QCT only) were compared to published data from crewmembers (n = 14-18) flown prior to in-flight access to the ARED (Pre-ARED). Group mean changes from preflight (± SD %) were used to evaluate effects of countermeasures as sequentially modified on the ISS (i.e., Pre-ARED vs. ARED; ARED vs. Bis+ARED). Spaceflight durations were not significantly different between groups. Postflight bone density measurements were significantly reduced from preflight in the Pre-ARED group. As previously reported, combined Bis+ARED prevented declines in all DXA and QCT hip densitometry and in estimates of FE hip strengths; increased the aBMD of lumbar spine; and prevented elevations in urinary markers for bone resorption during spaceflight. ARED without alendronate partially attenuated declines in bone mass but did not suppress biomarkers for bone resorption or prevent trabecular bone loss. Resistive exercise in the ARED group did not prevent declines in hip trabecular vBMD, but prevented reductions in cortical vBMD of the femoral neck, in FE estimate of hip strength for non-linear stance (NLS) and in aBMD of the femoral neck. We conclude that a bisphosphonate, when combined with resistive exercise, enhances the preservation of bone mass because of the added suppression of bone resorption in trabecular bone compartment not evident with ARED alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sibonga
- Human Health & Performance Directorate, NASA Johnson Space Center, 2101 NASA Parkway, Houston, TX 77058, USA.
| | - T Matsumoto
- Fujii Memorial Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan.
| | - J Jones
- Center for Space Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - J Shapiro
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
| | - T Lang
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - L Shackelford
- Human Health & Performance Directorate, NASA Johnson Space Center, 2101 NASA Parkway, Houston, TX 77058, USA.
| | - S M Smith
- Human Health & Performance Directorate, NASA Johnson Space Center, 2101 NASA Parkway, Houston, TX 77058, USA.
| | - M Young
- Human Health & Performance Directorate, NASA Johnson Space Center, 2101 NASA Parkway, Houston, TX 77058, USA.
| | - J Keyak
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - K Kohri
- Department of Nephrology, Nagoya City University, Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan.
| | - H Ohshima
- Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Tsukuba Space Center, 2-1-1 Sengen, Tsukuba-Shi, Ibaraki 305-8505, Japan.
| | - E Spector
- KBRwyle, 2400 NASA Parkway, Houston, TX 77058, USA.
| | - A LeBlanc
- Center for Space Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Ohno N, Seki M, Ohshima H, Tanaka H, Kajita S, Hayashi Y, Natsume H, Takano H, Saeki I, Yoshikawa M, van der Meiden H. Investigation of recombination front region in detached plasmas in a linear divertor plasma simulator. Nuclear Materials and Energy 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nme.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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21
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Kumar B, Gopmandal PP, Sinha RK, Ohshima H. Electrophoresis of hydrophilic/hydrophobic rigid colloid with effects of relaxation and ion size. Electrophoresis 2019; 40:1282-1292. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Binod Kumar
- Department of MathematicsNational Institute of Technology PatnaPatna India
| | - Partha P. Gopmandal
- Department of MathematicsNational Institute of Technology PatnaPatna India
- Department of MathematicsNational Institute of Technology DurgapurDurgapur India
| | - R. K. Sinha
- Department of MathematicsNational Institute of Technology PatnaPatna India
| | - H. Ohshima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesTokyo University of ScienceNoda Chiba Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Uchibori
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Fast Reactor Cycle System Research and Development Center, 4002 Narita, O-arai, Ibaraki 311-1393, Japan
| | - A. Watanabe
- NDD Corporation, Fast Reactor Cycle System Research and Development Center, 1-1-6 Jonan, Mito, Ibaraki 310-0803, Japan
| | - T. Takata
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Fast Reactor Cycle System Research and Development Center, 4002 Narita, O-arai, Ibaraki 311-1393, Japan
| | - H. Ohshima
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Fast Reactor Cycle System Research and Development Center, 4002 Narita, O-arai, Ibaraki 311-1393, Japan
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23
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Maurya SK, Gopmandal PP, Bhattacharyya S, Ohshima H. Ion partitioning effect on the electrophoresis of a soft particle with hydrophobic core. Phys Rev E 2018; 98:023103. [PMID: 30253472 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.98.023103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A theoretical study on the electrophoresis of a soft particle made up of a charged hydrophobic inner core surrounded by polyelectrolyte layer (PEL) is made. The dielectric permittivity of the PEL and aqueous solution are considered to be different, which creates the ion partitioning effect. The ion partitioning effect, which is accounted by the Born energy difference, modifies the distribution of mobile ions in the PEL and hence alters the particle electrophoresis. The combined effects of core hydrophobicity and the ion partitioning effect on the mobility are determined based on the Debye-Huckel approximation under a thin Debye layer assumption. An analytic expression for the electrophoretic mobility taking into account the core hydrophobicity and ion partitioning effect is obtained. The occurrence of zero mobility and reversal of mobility of the soft particle is illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh K Maurya
- Department of Mathematics, National Institute of Technology Patna, Patna-800005, India
| | - Partha P Gopmandal
- Department of Mathematics, National Institute of Technology Patna, Patna-800005, India
| | - S Bhattacharyya
- Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur-721302, West Bengal, India
| | - H Ohshima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
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24
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Otsuka K, Cornelissen G, Kubo Y, Shibata K, Hayashi M, Mizuno K, Ohshima H, Furukawa S, Mukai C. Circadian challenge of astronauts' unconscious mind adapting to microgravity in space, estimated by heart rate variability. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10381. [PMID: 29991811 PMCID: PMC6039530 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28740-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It is critical that the regulatory system functions well in space's microgravity. However, the "intrinsic" cardiovascular regulatory system (β), estimated by the fractal scaling of heart rate variability (HRV) (0.0001-0.01 Hz), does not adapt to the space environment during long-duration (6-month) space flights. Neuroimaging studies suggest that the default mode network (DMN) serves a broad adaptive purpose, its topology changing over time in association with different brain states of adaptive behavior. Hypothesizing that HRV varies in concert with changes in brain's functional connectivity, we analyzed 24-hour HRV records from 8 healthy astronauts (51.8 ± 3.7 years; 6 men) on long (174.5 ± 13.8 days) space missions, obtained before launch, after about 21 (ISS01), 73 (ISS02), and 156 (ISS03) days in space, and after return to Earth. Spectral power in 8 frequency regions reflecting activity in different brain regions was computed by maximal entropy. Improved β (p < 0.05) found in 4 astronauts with a positive activation in the "HRV slow-frequency oscillation" (0.10-0.20 Hz) occurred even in the absence of consciousness. The adaptive response was stronger in the evening and early sleep compared to morning (p = 0.039). Brain functional networks, the DMN in particular, can help adapt to microgravity in space with help from the circadian clock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuniaki Otsuka
- Executive Medical Center, Totsuka Royal Clinic, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
- Halberg Chronobiology Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
| | - Germaine Cornelissen
- Halberg Chronobiology Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Yutaka Kubo
- Department of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Medical Center East, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Shibata
- Department of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Medical Center East, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Hayashi
- Department of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Medical Center East, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koh Mizuno
- Faculty of Education, Tohoku Fukushi University, Miyagi, Japan
- Space Biomedical Research Group, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ohshima
- Space Biomedical Research Group, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Furukawa
- Space Biomedical Research Group, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chiaki Mukai
- Space Biomedical Research Group, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Tokyo, Japan
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Matsumoto K, Oohana K, Hashimoto M, Usuda K, Shimoda T, Ohshima H, Suzuki Y, Togawa T. Enzyme-mediated enantioselective hydrolysis of 1,2-diol monotosylate derivatives bearing an unsaturated substituent. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.05.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Nakatomi M, Ida-Yonemochi H, Nakatomi C, Saito K, Kenmotsu S, Maas RL, Ohshima H. Msx2 Prevents Stratified Squamous Epithelium Formation in the Enamel Organ. J Dent Res 2018; 97:1355-1364. [PMID: 29863959 DOI: 10.1177/0022034518777746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tooth enamel is manufactured by the inner enamel epithelium of the multilayered enamel organ. Msx2 loss-of-function mutation in a mouse model causes an abnormal accumulation of epithelial cells in the enamel organ, but the underlying mechanism by which Msx2 regulates amelogenesis is poorly understood. We therefore performed detailed histological and molecular analyses of Msx2 null mice. Msx2 null ameloblasts and stratum intermedium (SI) cells differentiated normally in the early stages of amelogenesis. However, during subsequent developmental stages, the outer enamel epithelium (OEE) became highly proliferative and transformed into a keratinized stratified squamous epithelium that ectopically expressed stratified squamous epithelium markers, including Heat shock protein 25, Loricrin, and Keratin 10. Moreover, expression of hair follicle-specific keratin genes such as Keratin 26 and Keratin 73 was upregulated in the enamel organ of Msx2 mutants. With the accumulation of keratin in the stellate reticulum (SR) region and subsequent odontogenic cyst formation, SI cells gradually lost the ability to differentiate, and the expression of Sox2 and Notch1 was downregulated, leading to ameloblast depolarization. As a consequence, the organization of the Msx2 mutant enamel organ became disturbed and enamel failed to form in the normal location. Instead, there was ectopic mineralization that likely occurred within the SR. In summary, we show that during amelogenesis, Msx2 executes a bipartite function, repressing the transformation of OEE into a keratinized stratified squamous epithelium while simultaneously promoting the development of a properly differentiated enamel organ competent for enamel formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nakatomi
- 1 Division of Anatomy and Cell Biology of the Hard Tissue, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.,2 Division of Anatomy, Department of Health Promotion, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - H Ida-Yonemochi
- 1 Division of Anatomy and Cell Biology of the Hard Tissue, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - C Nakatomi
- 3 General Dentistry and Clinical Education Unit, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Niigata, Japan.,4 Division of Molecular Signaling and Biochemistry, Department of Health Promotion, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - K Saito
- 1 Division of Anatomy and Cell Biology of the Hard Tissue, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - S Kenmotsu
- 1 Division of Anatomy and Cell Biology of the Hard Tissue, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - R L Maas
- 5 Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - H Ohshima
- 1 Division of Anatomy and Cell Biology of the Hard Tissue, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
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27
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Maurya SK, Gopmandal PP, Ohshima H. Electrophoresis of concentrated suspension of soft particles with volumetrically charged inner core. Colloid Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-018-4292-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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28
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Osuka Y, Matsubara M, Hamasaki A, Hiramatsu Y, Ohshima H, Tanaka K. Development of low-volume, high-intensity, aerobic-type interval training for elderly Japanese men: a feasibility study. Eur Rev Aging Phys Act 2017; 14:14. [PMID: 28855969 PMCID: PMC5571578 DOI: 10.1186/s11556-017-0184-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The purposes of this study were to identify 1) the feasibility of a novel exercise protocol (elderly Japanese male version of high-intensity interval aerobic training: EJ-HIAT) and 2) its preliminary data (%V̇O2peak, rating of perceived exertion) in comparison with traditional moderate-intensity continuous aerobic training (MICT). Results Twenty-one sedentary elderly men, aged 60–69 years, performed two exercise protocols: EJ-HIAT, consisting of 3 sets of 2−3-min cycling at 75−85%V̇O2peak with 1−2-min active rests at 50%V̇O2peak between sets, and MICT, consisting of 40-min cycling at 65%V̇O2peak. The completion rate, defined as the rate of participants who 1) did not demand withdrawal, 2) were not interrupted by the tester, and 3) did not change the workload during either exercise protocol, of EJ-HIAT was similar to that of MICT (EJ-HIAT: 100%, MICT: 95.2%). Maximal perceived exertion ratings assessed by Borg scale were also similar between EJ-HIAT and MICT. However, objectively measured maximal intensity assessed by %V̇O2peak was higher for EJ-HIAT than for MICT (EJ-HIAT: 86.0 ± 5.6%, MICT: 67.1 ± 6.4%). Conclusion These results suggested that EJ-HIAT has good feasibility and perceived exertion similar to MICT despite having higher objectively measured intensity than MICT. An intervention aimed as identifying the effects of EJ-HIAT on exercise tolerance should be performed in the future. Trial registration UMIN000021185 (February 26, 2016).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Osuka
- Research Team for Promoting Independence of the Elderly, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi, Tokyo Japan.,Space Biomedical Research Group, Astronaut and Operation Control Unit, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
| | - Muneaki Matsubara
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
| | - Ai Hamasaki
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
| | - Yuji Hiramatsu
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ohshima
- Space Biomedical Research Group, Astronaut and Operation Control Unit, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
| | - Kiyoji Tanaka
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
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29
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Belavý DL, Ohshima H, Rittweger J, Felsenberg D. High-intensity flywheel exercise and recovery of atrophy after 90 days bed--rest. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2017; 3:e000196. [PMID: 28761699 PMCID: PMC5530106 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2016-000196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims To investigate differential muscle atrophy during bed-rest, the impact of a high-intensity concentric-eccentric (flywheel) resistance exercise countermeasure and muscle recovery after bed-rest. Methods Twenty-five healthy male subjects underwent 90 dayshead-down tilt bed-rest. Volume of individual lower-limb muscles was measured via MRI before, twice during and four times up to 1 year after bed-rest. Subjects were either inactive (n=16) or performed flywheel exercise every third day of bed-rest (n=9). Functional performance was assessed via countermovement jump. Results On ‘intent-to-treat’ analysis, flywheel prevented atrophy in the vasti (p<0.001) and reduced atrophy in the hip adductor/extensor adductor magnus (p=0.001) and ankle dorsiflexors/toe flexors (soleus (p<0.001), gastrocnemius medialis (p<0.001), gastrocnemius lateralis (p=0.02), and tibialis posterior with flexor digitorum longus (p=0.04)). Flywheel exercise was not effective for the hamstrings, gracilis, sartorius, peroneals and anterior tibial muscles. Muscle atrophy in vasti, soleus, gastrocnemius medialis, gastrocnemius lateralis and adductor magnus correlated with losses in countermovement jump performance. Muscle volume recovered within 90 days after bed-rest, however long-term after bed-rest, the inactive subjects only showed significantly increased muscle volume versus prebed-rest in a number of muscles including soleus (+4.3%), gastrocnemius medialis (+3.9%) and semimembranosus (+4.3%). This was not associated with greater countermovement jump performance. Conclusion The exercise countermeasure was effective in preventing or reducing atrophy in the vasti, adductor magnus and ankle dorsiflexors/toe flexors but not the hamstrings, medial thigh muscles or peroneals and dorsiflexor muscles. Trial registration number NCT00311571; results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Belavý
- Centre of Muscle and Bone Research, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Hindenburgdamm, Berlin, Germany.,School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hiroshi Ohshima
- Department of Human Space Technology and Astronauts, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Jörn Rittweger
- German Aerospace Center, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Cologne, Germany.,Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Dieter Felsenberg
- Centre of Muscle and Bone Research, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Hindenburgdamm, Berlin, Germany
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Otsuka K, Cornelissen G, Kubo Y, Hayashi M, Yamamoto N, Shibata K, Aiba T, Furukawa S, Ohshima H, Mukai C. Erratum: Intrinsic cardiovascular autonomic regulatory system of astronauts exposed long-term to microgravity in space: observational study. NPJ Microgravity 2017; 2:16037. [PMID: 28731480 DOI: 10.1038/npjmgrav.2016.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1038/npjmgrav.2015.18.].
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Abstract
Electrophoresis of a diffuse soft particle with a charged hydrophobic core is considered under the weak field and low charge density assumptions. The hydrophobic surface of the core is coated with a diffuse polyelectrolyte layer (PEL) in which a gradual transition of the polymer segment distribution from the impenetrable core to the surrounding electrolyte medium is considered. A mathematical model is adopted to analyse the impact of the core hydrophobicity on the diffuse soft particle electrophoresis. The mobility based on the present model for the limiting cases such as bare colloids with hydrophobic core and soft particles with no-slip rigid cores are in good agreement with the existing results. The presence of PEL charges produces the impact of the core hydrophobicity on the soft particle mobility different from the corresponding bare colloid with hydrophobic surface in an electrolyte medium. The impact of the core hydrophobicity is subtle when the hydrodynamic screening length of the PEL is low. Reversal in mobility can be achieved by tuning the core hydrophobicity for an oppositely charged core and PEL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Partha P. Gopmandal
- Department of Mathematics, National Institute of Technology Patna, Patna 800005, India
| | - S. Bhattacharyya
- Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - H. Ohshima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
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Otsuka K, Cornelissen G, Furukawa S, Kubo Y, Hayashi M, Shibata K, Mizuno K, Aiba T, Ohshima H, Mukai C. Long-term exposure to space's microgravity alters the time structure of heart rate variability of astronauts. Heliyon 2016; 2:e00211. [PMID: 28050606 PMCID: PMC5192238 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2016.e00211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Spaceflight alters human cardiovascular dynamics. The less negative slope of the fractal scaling of heart rate variability (HRV) of astronauts exposed long-term to microgravity reflects cardiovascular deconditioning. We here focus on specific frequency regions of HRV. Methods Ten healthy astronauts (8 men, 49.1 ± 4.2 years) provided five 24-hour electrocardiographic (ECG) records: before launch, 20.8 ± 2.9 (ISS01), 72.5 ± 3.9 (ISS02) and 152.8 ± 16.1 (ISS03) days after launch, and after return to Earth. HRV endpoints, determined from normal-to-normal (NN) intervals in 180-min intervals progressively displaced by 5 min, were compared in space versus Earth. They were fitted with a model including 4 major anticipated components with periods of 24 (circadian), 12 (circasemidian), 8 (circaoctohoran), and 1.5 (Basic Rest-Activity Cycle; BRAC) hours. Findings The 24-, 12-, and 8-hour components of HRV persisted during long-term spaceflight. The 90-min amplitude became about three times larger in space (ISS03) than on Earth, notably in a subgroup of 7 astronauts who presented with a different HRV profile before flight. The total spectral power (TF; p < 0.05) and that in the ultra-low frequency range (ULF, 0.0001–0.003 Hz; p < 0.01) increased from 154.9 ± 105.0 and 117.9 ± 57.5 msec2 (before flight) to 532.7 ± 301.3 and 442.4 ± 202.9 msec2 (ISS03), respectively. The power-law fractal scaling β was altered in space, changing from -1.087 ± 0.130 (before flight) to -0.977 ± 0.098 (ISS01), -0.910 ± 0.130 (ISS02), and -0.924 ± 0.095 (ISS03) (invariably p < 0.05). Interpretation Most HRV changes observed in space relate to a frequency window centered around one cycle in about 90 min. Since the BRAC component is amplified in space for only specific HRV endpoints, it is likely to represent a physiologic response rather than an artifact from the International Space Station (ISS) orbit. If so, it may offer a way to help adaptation to microgravity during long-duration spaceflight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuniaki Otsuka
- Executive Medical Center, Totsuka Royal Clinic, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan; Halberg Chronobiology Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Satoshi Furukawa
- Space Biomedical Research Group, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kubo
- Department of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Medical Center East, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Hayashi
- Department of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Medical Center East, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Shibata
- Department of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Medical Center East, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koh Mizuno
- Space Biomedical Research Group, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Tokyo, Japan; Faculty of Child and Family Studies, Tohoku Fukushi University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Aiba
- Space Biomedical Research Group, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Tokyo, Japan; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ohshima
- Space Biomedical Research Group, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chiaki Mukai
- Space Biomedical Research Group, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Tokyo, Japan
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Mizuno K, Matsumoto A, Aiba T, Abe T, Ohshima H, Takahashi M, Inoue Y. Sleep patterns among shift-working flight controllers of the International Space Station: an observational study on the JAXA Flight Control Team. J Physiol Anthropol 2016; 35:19. [PMID: 27580590 PMCID: PMC5007844 DOI: 10.1186/s40101-016-0108-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flight controllers of the International Space Station (ISS) are engaged in shift work to provide 24-h coverage to support ISS systems. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of shift work sleep disorder (SWSD) among Japanese ISS flight controllers. METHODS A questionnaire study was conducted using the Standard Shiftwork Index to evaluate sleep-related problems and possible associated variables. Among 52 respondents out of 73 flight controllers, 30 subjects were identified as night shift workers who worked 3 or more night shifts per month. Those night shift workers who answered "almost always" to questions about experiencing insomnia or excessive sleepiness in any case of work shifts and days off were classified as having SWSD. Additionally, 7 night shift workers participated in supplemental wrist actigraphy data collection for 7 to 8 days including 3 to 4 days of consecutive night shifts. RESULTS Fourteen of 30 night shift workers were classified as having SWSD. Significant group differences were observed where the SWSD group felt that night shift work was harder and reported more frequent insomniac symptoms after a night shift. However, no other variables demonstrated remarkable differences between groups. Actigraphy results characterized 5 subjects reporting better perceived adaptation as having regular daytime sleep, for 6 to 9 h in total, between consecutive night shifts. On the other hand, 2 subjects reporting perceived maladaptation revealed different sleep patterns, with longer daytime sleep and large day-to-day variation in daytime sleep between consecutive night shifts, respectively. CONCLUSIONS As the tasks for flight control require high levels of alertness and cognitive function, several characteristics, namely shift-working schedule (2 to 4 consecutive night shifts), very short break time (5 to 10 min/h) during work shifts, and cooperative work with onboard astronauts during the evening/night shift, accounted for increasing workloads especially in the case of night shifts, resulting in higher or equal prevalence of SWSD to that among other shift-working populations. Further studies are required to collect more actigraphy data and examine the possibility of interventions to improve SWSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koh Mizuno
- Space Biomedical Research Group, Flight Crew Operations and Technology Unit, Human Spaceflight Technology Directorate, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Tsukuba Space Center, 2-1-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8505 Japan
- Faculty of Education, Tohoku Fukushi University, 1-19-1 Kunimi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 981-8523 Japan
| | - Akiko Matsumoto
- Space Biomedical Research Group, Flight Crew Operations and Technology Unit, Human Spaceflight Technology Directorate, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Tsukuba Space Center, 2-1-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8505 Japan
| | - Tatsuya Aiba
- Space Biomedical Research Group, Flight Crew Operations and Technology Unit, Human Spaceflight Technology Directorate, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Tsukuba Space Center, 2-1-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8505 Japan
| | - Takashi Abe
- Space Biomedical Research Group, Flight Crew Operations and Technology Unit, Human Spaceflight Technology Directorate, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Tsukuba Space Center, 2-1-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8505 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ohshima
- Space Biomedical Research Group, Flight Crew Operations and Technology Unit, Human Spaceflight Technology Directorate, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Tsukuba Space Center, 2-1-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8505 Japan
| | - Masaya Takahashi
- Research Center for Overwork-Related Disorders, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, 6-21-1 Nagao, Tama-Ku, Kawasaki 214-8585 Japan
| | - Yuichi Inoue
- Department of Somnology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishi-Shinjuku, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo 160-0023 Japan
- Japan Somnology Center, Institute of Neuropsychiatry, 91 Benten-Machi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo 162-0851 Japan
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Matin M, Ohshima H. Thermal transport characteristics of combined electroosmotic and pressure driven flow in soft nanofluidics. J Colloid Interface Sci 2016; 476:167-176. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is a highly phosphorylated glycoprotein that is a prominent component of the mineralized extracellular matrix of bone. The secretion of OPN by immunocompetent cells plays a role in the differentiation of odontoblast-like cells during pulpal healing following tooth transplantation. This study aimed to clarify the role of OPN during reparative dentinogenesis. A groove-shaped cavity was prepared on the mesial surface of the upper first molars of wild-type (WT) and Opn knockout (KO) mice, and the samples were collected at intervals of 1 to 14 d. The demineralized sections were processed for immunohistochemistry for Ki67, nestin, OPN, dentin sialoprotein (DSP), integrin αvβ3, and type I collagen; in situ hybridization for Opn, col1a1, and dentin sialophosphoprotein (Dspp); and apoptosis assay. For the loss and gain of function experiments, an in vitro culture assay for evaluating dentin-pulp complex regeneration was performed. On day 1 in WT mice, odontoblasts beneath the affected dentin lost nestin immunoreactivity. On day 3, the expression of Opn was recognized at the mesial dental pulp, and OPN was deposited along the predentin-dentin border. Nestin-positive newly differentiated odontoblast-like cells expressed both Dspp and col1a1 and showed positive immunoreactivity for integrin αvβ3, DSP, and type I collagen. Until day 14, reparative dentin formation continued next to the preexisting dentin at the mesial coronal pulp. In contrast, there was no reparative dentin in the Opn KO mice where nestin- and DSP-positive newly differentiated odontoblast-like cells lacked immunoreaction for type I collagen. The in vitro organ culture demonstrated that the administration of recombinant OPN rescued the type I collagen secretion by odontoblast-like cells in the Opn KO mice. The results suggested that the deposition of OPN at the calcification front is essential for the type I collagen secretion by newly differentiated odontoblast-like cells to form reparative dentin during pulpal healing following cavity preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Saito
- Division of Anatomy and Cell Biology of the Hard Tissue, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - M Nakatomi
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Health Promotion, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - H Ida-Yonemochi
- Division of Anatomy and Cell Biology of the Hard Tissue, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - H Ohshima
- Division of Anatomy and Cell Biology of the Hard Tissue, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
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Shigetani Y, Ohkura N, Yoshiba K, Ohshima H, Hosoya A, Yoshiba N, Okiji T. GaAlAs laser-induced pulp mineralization involves dentin matrix protein 1 and osteopontin expression. Oral Dis 2016; 22:399-405. [PMID: 26866618 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES GaAlAs lasers induce pulp mineralization by promoting reparative dentinogenesis. This study analyzed the expression of dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1) and osteopontin in GaAlAs laser-irradiated rat molars, to examine the hypothesis that these proteins play a role in the laser-induced reparative dentinogenic process. MATERIALS AND METHODS The mesial surfaces of the upper first molars of 8-week-old Wistar rats were irradiated with a pulsed GaAlAs laser. After 1-14 days, mRNA expression of DMP1 and osteopontin in the coronal pulp was analyzed using real-time PCR. DMP1, osteopontin, and heat shock protein 25 (HSP25) were immunolocalized at 1-21 days. RESULTS The pulp exhibited a degenerative zone in its mesial portion on days 1-3, and progressive formation of reparative dentin lined with HSP25-immunoreactive odontoblast-like cells, from day 7 onwards. DMP1 and osteopontin mRNA expression were significantly upregulated on days 1-7 and 3-7, respectively. From day 7 onwards, DMP1 and osteopontin immunoreactivity colocalized along the boundary between the primary and reparative dentin. CONCLUSION GaAlAs laser irradiation of rat molars induced upregulated DMP1 and osteopontin mRNA expression in the coronal pulp, followed by the formation of reparative dentin and the colocalization of DMP1 and osteopontin immunoreactivity at the site at which this tissue first appeared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Shigetani
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - N Ohkura
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - K Yoshiba
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - H Ohshima
- Division of Anatomy and Cell Biology of the Hard Tissue, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - A Hosoya
- Department of Oral Histology, Institute for Dental Science, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, Nagano, Japan
| | - N Yoshiba
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - T Okiji
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.,Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
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Sugita T, Yamazaki T, Makimura K, Cho O, Yamada S, Ohshima H, Mukai C. Comprehensive analysis of the skin fungal microbiota of astronauts during a half-year stay at the International Space Station. Med Mycol 2016; 54:232-9. [DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myv121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Physical training has been conducted on the International Space Station (ISS) for the past 10 yr as a countermeasure to physiological deconditioning during spaceflight. Each member space agency has developed its own approach to creating and implementing physical training protocols for their astronauts. We have divided physical training into three distinct phases (preflight, in-flight, and postflight) and provided a description of each phase with its constraints and limitations. We also discuss how each member agency (NASA, ESA, CSA, and JAXA) prescribed physical training for their crewmembers during the first 10 yr of ISS operations. It is important to understand the operational environment, the agency responsible for the physical training program, and the constraints and limitations associated with spaceflight to accurately design and implement exercise training or interpret the exercise data collected on ISS. As exploration missions move forward, resolving agency differences in physical training programs will become important to maximizing the effectiveness of exercise as a countermeasure and minimizing any mission impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A. Loehr
- Wyle Science, Technology and Engineering Group, Houston, TX, USA
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Otsuka K, Cornelissen G, Kubo Y, Hayashi M, Yamamoto N, Shibata K, Aiba T, Furukawa S, Ohshima H, Mukai C. Intrinsic cardiovascular autonomic regulatory system of astronauts exposed long-term to microgravity in space: observational study. NPJ Microgravity 2015; 1:15018. [PMID: 28725718 PMCID: PMC5516430 DOI: 10.1038/npjmgrav.2015.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2015] [Revised: 06/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The fractal scaling of the long-term heart rate variability (HRV) reflects the 'intrinsic' autonomic regulatory system. Herein, we examine how microgravity on the ISS affected the power-law scaling β (beta) of astronauts during a long-duration (about 6 months) spaceflight. Ambulatory electrocardiographic (ECG) monitoring was performed on seven healthy astronauts (5 men, 52.0±4.2 years of age) five times: before launch, 24±5 (F01) and 73±5 (F02) days after launch, 15±5 days before return (F03), and after return to Earth. The power-law scaling β was calculated as the slope of the regression line of the power density of the MEM spectrum versus frequency plotted on a log10-log10 scale in the range of 0.0001-0.01 Hz (corresponding to periods of 2.8 h to 1.6 min). β was less negative in space (-0.949±0.061) than on Earth (-1.163±0.075; P<0.025). The difference was more pronounced during the awake than during the rest/sleep span. The circadian amplitude and acrophase (phase of maximum) of β did not differ in space as compared with Earth. An effect of microgravity was detected within 1 month (F01) in space and continued throughout the spaceflight. The intrinsic autonomic regulatory system that protects life under serious environmental conditions on Earth is altered in the microgravity environment, with no change over the 6-month spaceflight. It is thus important to find a way to improve conditions in space and/or in terms of human physiology, not to compromise the intrinsic autonomic regulatory system now that plans are being made to inhabit another planet in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuniaki Otsuka
- Department of Chronomics and Gerontology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.,Halberg Chronobiology Center, Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Germaine Cornelissen
- Halberg Chronobiology Center, Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Yutaka Kubo
- Department of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Medical Center East, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Hayashi
- Department of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Medical Center East, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naomune Yamamoto
- Department of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Medical Center East, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Shibata
- Department of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Medical Center East, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Aiba
- Space Biomedical Research Group, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Furukawa
- Space Biomedical Research Group, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ohshima
- Space Biomedical Research Group, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chiaki Mukai
- Space Biomedical Research Group, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Tokyo, Japan
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Omoto M, Matsuse H, Hashida R, Takano Y, Yamada S, Ohshima H, Tagawa Y, Shiba N. Cycling Exercise with Electrical Stimulation of Antagonist Muscles Increases Plasma Growth Hormone and IL-6. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2015; 237:209-17. [PMID: 26522057 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.237.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Performing aerobics and resistance exercise at exactly the same time has not been available although combining both types of exercise in one training program has been attempted. The hybrid training system (HTS) is a resistance exercise that combines voluntary concentric muscle contractions with electrically stimulated eccentric muscle contractions. We devised an exercise technique using HTS on a cycle ergometer (HCE). Growth hormone (GH) and lactate are indicators of adequate training intensity. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) reflects enhancing lipid metabolism. The purpose of this study was to show that HCE provides sufficient exercise to stimulate the secretion of GH, lactate and IL-6. We compared an HCE test with cycle ergometer alone (CE). Ten healthy male subjects performed HCE and CE tests for 30 minutes each. The workload of both tests was set the same at 40% of each subject's peak oxygen uptake. For HCE, 2-minute HTS and 1-minute rest intervals were repeated. GH, lactate, and IL-6 were evaluated before and immediately after exercise, and at 15, 30 and 60 minutes. GH and lactate increased immediately after HCE. Moreover, the degree of the increases in GH after HCE (0 and 15 minutes) was higher than that after CE. IL-6 increased after HCE at 30 min, and the rate of change was higher than for CE. These results showed that HCE was more efficient in stimulating acute increases in GH, lactate and IL-6 than CE at the same workload. We may be able to combine electrically stimulated resistance exercise with aerobic exercise using HCE.
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Shiba N, Matsuse H, Takano Y, Yoshimitsu K, Omoto M, Hashida R, Tagawa Y, Inada T, Yamada S, Ohshima H. Correction: Electrically Stimulated Antagonist Muscle Contraction Increased Muscle Mass and Bone Mineral Density of One Astronaut--Initial Verification on the International Space Station. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138519. [PMID: 26368534 PMCID: PMC4569477 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Shiba N, Matsuse H, Takano Y, Yoshimitsu K, Omoto M, Hashida R, Tagawa Y, Inada T, Yamada S, Ohshima H. Electrically Stimulated Antagonist Muscle Contraction Increased Muscle Mass and Bone Mineral Density of One Astronaut - Initial Verification on the International Space Station. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134736. [PMID: 26296204 PMCID: PMC4546678 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Musculoskeletal atrophy is one of the major problems of extended periods of exposure to weightlessness such as on the International Space Station (ISS). We developed the Hybrid Training System (HTS) to maintain an astronaut's musculoskeletal system using an electrically stimulated antagonist to resist the volitional contraction of the agonist instead of gravity. The present study assessed the system's orbital operation capability and utility, as well as its preventative effect on an astronaut's musculoskeletal atrophy. METHODS HTS was attached to the non-dominant arm of an astronaut staying on the ISS, and his dominant arm without HTS was established as the control (CTR). 10 sets of 10 reciprocal elbow curls were one training session, and 12 total sessions of training (3 times per week for 4 weeks) were performed. Pre and post flight ground based evaluations were performed by Biodex (muscle performance), MRI (muscle volume), and DXA (BMD, lean [muscle] mass, fat mass). Pre and post training inflight evaluations were performed by a hand held dynamometer (muscle force) and a measuring tape (upper arm circumference). RESULTS The experiment was completed on schedule, and HTS functioned well without problems. Isokinetic elbow extension torque (Nm) changed -19.4% in HTS, and -21.7% in CTR. Isokinetic elbow flexion torque changed -23.7% in HTS, and there was no change in CTR. Total Work (Joule) of elbow extension changed -8.3% in HTS, and +0.3% in CTR. For elbow flexion it changed -23.3% in HTS and -32.6% in CTR. Average Power (Watts) of elbow extension changed +22.1% in HTS and -8.0% in CTR. For elbow flexion it changed -6.5% in HTS and -4.8% in CTR. Triceps muscle volume according to MRI changed +11.7% and that of biceps was +2.1% using HTS, however -0.1% and -0.4% respectively for CTR. BMD changed +4.6% in the HTS arm and -1.2% for CTR. Lean (muscle) mass of the arm changed only +10.6% in HTS. Fat mass changed -12.6% in HTS and -6.4% in CTR. CONCLUSIONS These results showed the orbital operation capability and utility, and the preventive effect of HTS for an astronaut's musculoskeletal atrophy. The initial flight data together with the ground data obtained so far will be utilized in the future planning of human space exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Shiba
- Department of Orthopedics, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
- Division of Rehabilitation, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Hiroo Matsuse
- Division of Rehabilitation, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshio Takano
- Division of Physical Therapy, Fukuoka International University of Health and Welfare, Okawa city, Fukuoka 8318501, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yoshimitsu
- Department of Orthopedics, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masayuki Omoto
- Department of Orthopedics, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
- Division of Rehabilitation, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryuki Hashida
- Department of Orthopedics, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
- Division of Rehabilitation, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Tagawa
- Department of Mechanical and Control Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Inada
- Department of Mechanical and Control Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shin Yamada
- Space Environment Utilization Center, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ohshima
- Space Environment Utilization Center, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Sugita T, Yamazaki T, Yamada S, Takeoka H, Cho O, Tanaka T, Ohno G, Watanabe K, Makimura K, Ohshima H, Ishioka N, Mukai C. Temporal changes in the skin Malassezia microbiota of members of the Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition (JARE): A case study in Antarctica as a pseudo-space environment. Med Mycol 2015; 53:717-24. [PMID: 26129888 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myv041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The International Space Station (ISS) is located approximately 400 km above the Earth. Astronauts staying at the ISS are under microgravity and are thus unable to bathe or shower; instead, they wash their bodies using wet tissues. For astronauts, skin hygiene management is important to maintain the quality of life during long-term stays on the ISS. In Antarctica, members of a Japanese geological investigation team negotiate their way over land using snowmobiles. During their 3-month stay, they are subject to a "pseudo-space" environment similar to that experienced by ISS astronauts, including the inability to bathe or shower. In this study, temporal changes in the colonization levels of skin lipophilic fungi, Malassezia were investigated in 16 team members. Compared to the levels before their trip to Antarctica, the fold changes in Malassezia colonization levels during the researchers' stay in Antarctica were in the range of 3.0 ± 1.9 to 5.3 ± 7.5 in cheek samples, 8.9 ± 10.6 to 22.2 ± 40.0 in anterior chest samples, 6.2 ± 5.4 to 16.9 ± 25.5 in behind-the-ear samples, and 1.7 ± 0.9 to 17.4 ± 33.4 in sole-of-the-foot samples. On the scalp, the level of Malassezia colonization increased dramatically, by 96.7 ± 113.8 to 916.9 ± 1251.5 fold. During their stay in Antarctica, the team members experienced itchy scalps and produced a large number of scales. The relative proportions of Malassezia globosa and M. restricta shifted to seborrheic dermatitis/dandruff types. These results provide useful information for the development of skin hygiene management plans for astronauts staying at the ISS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Sugita
- Department of Microbiology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Kiyose, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamazaki
- ISS Science Project Office, Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan Laboratory of Space and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Teikyo University, Itabashi, Tokyo, Japan Teikyo University Institute of Medical Mycology and Genome Research Center, Teikyo University, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin Yamada
- Space Biomedical Research Office, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hajime Takeoka
- Space Biomedical Research Office, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Otomi Cho
- Department of Microbiology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Kiyose, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takafumi Tanaka
- Department of Microbiology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Kiyose, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Giichiro Ohno
- National Institute of Polar Research (NIPR), Tachikawa, Tokyo, Japan Toukatsu Hospital, Nagareyama, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kentaro Watanabe
- National Institute of Polar Research (NIPR), Tachikawa, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Makimura
- Laboratory of Space and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Teikyo University, Itabashi, Tokyo, Japan Teikyo University Institute of Medical Mycology and Genome Research Center, Teikyo University, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ohshima
- Space Biomedical Research Office, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Noriaki Ishioka
- ISS Science Project Office, Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Chiaki Mukai
- Space Biomedical Research Office, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Tomono S, Miyoshi N, Ohshima H. Comprehensive analysis of the lipophilic reactive carbonyls present in biological specimens by LC/ESI-MS/MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 988:149-56. [PMID: 25777478 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A new analytical method has been developed for profiling lipophilic reactive carbonyls (RCs) such as aldehydes and ketones in biological samples using liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS/MS) with selected reaction monitoring (SRM). The method consists of several phases, including (1) extraction of lipophilic RCs with a chloroform/methanol mixture; (2) derivatization of the extracted RCs with dansyl hydrazine (DH); and (3) SRM detection of the characteristic product ion of the 5-dimethylaminonaphthalene-1-sulfonyl moiety (m/z 236.1). The analytical results were expressed as RC maps, which allowed for the occurrence and levels of different lipophilic RCs to be visualized. We also developed a highly reproducible and accurate method to extract, purify and derivatize RCs in small volumes of biological specimens. This method was applied to the detection of free RCs in mice plasma samples, and resulted in the detection of more than 400 RCs in samples obtained from C57BL/6J mice. Thirty-four of these RCs were identified by comparison with authentic RCs. This method could be used to investigate the levels of RCs in biological and environmental samples, as well as studying the role of lipid peroxidation in oxidative stress related-disorders and discovering new biomarkers for the early diagnosis of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Tomono
- Laboratory of Longevity Biochemistry, Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, Graduate Program in Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Noriyuki Miyoshi
- Laboratory of Longevity Biochemistry, Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, Graduate Program in Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ohshima
- Laboratory of Longevity Biochemistry, Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, Graduate Program in Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
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Wada S, Matsushita Y, Tazawa H, Aoi W, Naito Y, Higashi A, Ohshima H, Yoshikawa T. Loss of p53 in stromal fibroblasts enhances tumor cell proliferation through nitric-oxide-mediated cyclooxygenase 2 activation. Free Radic Res 2015; 49:269-78. [PMID: 25511472 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2014.997230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) by stromal fibroblasts plays a critical role in the early stage of carcinogenesis. COX-2 expression is thought to be positively or negatively regulated by inflammatory chemical mediators or tumor suppressors. In this study, the contributions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and p53 to COX-2 expression were examined using mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) from wild-type, p53-deficient, iNOS-deficient, and p53/iNOS-deficient mice. These MEFs were treated with 1 μg/mL of lipopolysaccharide and 100 IU/mL of interferon gamma for up to 72 h. iNOS and COX-2 expression were analyzed by Western blotting. iNOS was induced earlier (16 h) in p53-deficient MEFs than in wild-type MEFs (48 h). Elevated expression of COX-2 was sustained for a longer duration in the p53-deficient MEFs. In contrast, COX-2 expression was reduced earlier in the iNOS-deficient MEFs. Addition of an exogenous NO donor (0.8 mM of S-nitroso-l-glutathione) to the iNOS-deficient MEFs augmented COX-2 expression. Co-culture with stimulated p53-deficient MEFs promoted cell proliferation of mouse rectal polyploid carcinoma CMT93 cells, but treatment with a COX-2-specific inhibitor counteracted this effect. These results suggest that loss of function of the p53 gene in stromal fibroblasts enhances COX-2 expression by enhancing iNOS expression and the resultant production of NO, contributing to the promotion of tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Wada
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University , Shimogamo , Japan
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48
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Yamamoto N, Otsuka K, Kubo Y, Hayashi M, Mizuno K, Ohshima H, Mukai C. Effects of long-term microgravity exposure in space on circadian rhythms of heart rate variability. Chronobiol Int 2014; 32:327-40. [PMID: 25392280 DOI: 10.3109/07420528.2014.979940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated their circadian rhythms using data from electrocardiographic records and examined the change in circadian period related to normal RR intervals for astronauts who completed a long-term (≥6-month) mission in space. The examinees were seven astronauts, five men and two women, from 2009 to 2010. Their mean ± SD age was 52.0 ± 4.2 years (47-59 yr). Each stayed in space for more than 160 days; their average length of stay was 172.6 ± 14.6 days (163-199 days). We conducted a 24-h Holter electrocardiography before launch (Pre), at one month after launch (DF1), at two months after launch (DF2), at two weeks before return (DF3), and at three months after landing (Post), comparing each index of frequency-domain analysis and 24-h biological rhythms of the NN intervals (normal RR intervals). Results show that the mean period of Normal Sinus (NN) intervals was within 24 ± 4 h at each examination. Inter-individual variability differed among the stages, being significantly smaller at DF3 (Pre versus DF1 versus DF3 versus Post = 22.36 ± 2.50 versus 25.46 ± 4.37 versus 22.46 ± 1.75 versus 26.16 ± 7.18 h, p < 0.0001). The HF component increased in 2 of 7 astronauts, whereas it decreased in 3 of 7 astronauts and 1 was remained almost unchanged at DF1. During DF3, about 6 months after their stay in space, the HF component of 5 of 7 astronauts recovered from the decrease after launch, with prominent improvement to over 20% in 3 astronauts. Although autonomic nervous functions and circadian rhythms were disturbed until one month had passed in space, well-scheduled sleep and wake rhythms and meal times served as synchronizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomune Yamamoto
- Department of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Medical Center East , Tokyo , Japan
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Nakaki T, Saito K, Ida-Yonemochi H, Nakagawa E, Kenmotsu S, Ohshima H. Contribution of Donor and Host Mesenchyme to the Transplanted Tooth Germs. J Dent Res 2014; 94:112-20. [DOI: 10.1177/0022034514556536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Autologous tooth germ transplantation of immature teeth is an alternative method of tooth replacement that could be used instead of dental implants in younger patients. However, it is paramount that the dental pulp remain vital and that root formation continue in the transplanted location. The goal of this study is to characterize the healing of allogenic tooth grafts in an animal model using GFP-labeled donor or host postnatal mice. In addition, the putative stem cells were labeled before transplantation with a pulse-chase paradigm. Transplanted molars formed cusps and roots and erupted into occlusion by 2 wk postoperatively. Host label-retaining cells (LRCs) were maintained in the center of pulp tissue associating with blood vessels. Dual labeling showed that a proportion of LRCs were incorporated into the odontoblast layer. Host cells, including putative dendritic cells and the endothelium, also immigrated into the pulp tissue but did not contribute to the odontoblast layer. Therefore, LRCs or putative mesenchymal stem cells are retained in the transplanted pulps. Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath remains vital, and epithelial LRCs are present in the donor cervical loops. Thus, the dynamic donor-host interaction occurred in the developing transplant, suggesting that these changes affect the characteristics of the dental pulp.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Nakaki
- Division of Anatomy and Cell Biology of the Hard Tissue, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - K. Saito
- Division of Anatomy and Cell Biology of the Hard Tissue, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - H. Ida-Yonemochi
- Division of Anatomy and Cell Biology of the Hard Tissue, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - E. Nakagawa
- Division of Anatomy and Cell Biology of the Hard Tissue, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - S. Kenmotsu
- Division of Anatomy and Cell Biology of the Hard Tissue, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - H. Ohshima
- Division of Anatomy and Cell Biology of the Hard Tissue, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
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50
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Shigetani Y, Yoshiba K, Kuratate M, Takei E, Yoshiba N, Yamanaka Y, Ohshima H, Okiji T. Temporospatial localization of dentine matrix protein 1 following direct pulp capping with calcium hydroxide in rat molars. Int Endod J 2014; 48:573-81. [PMID: 25074651 DOI: 10.1111/iej.12351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To examine the temporospatial expression of dentine matrix protein 1 (DMP1; a noncollagenous protein involved in mineralized tissue formation), osteopontin (another noncollagenous protein detected during reparative dentinogenesis) and nestin (a marker of differentiating/differentiated odontoblasts), following direct pulp capping with calcium hydroxide in rat molars. METHODOLOGY The maxillary first molars of 8-week-old Wistar rats had their pulps exposed and capped with calcium hydroxide. The pulp-capped teeth were collected from 6 h to 14 days postoperatively and processed for immunohistochemistry for DMP1, osteopontin and nestin. Cell proliferation was monitored using 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) labelling. RESULTS The capped pulps initially exhibited superficial necrotic changes followed by the formation of new matrix and its mineralization. DMP1 immunoreactivity was observed in the matrix beneath the necrotic layer from 6 h onwards and present in the outer portion of the newly formed mineralized matrix from 7 days onwards. Osteopontin displayed a similar expression pattern, although it occupied a narrower area than DMP1 at 6 and 12 h. Nestin-immunoreactive cells appeared beneath the DMP1-immunoreactive area at 1 day, were distributed beneath the newly formed matrix at 5 days and exhibited odontoblast-like morphology by 14 days. BrdU-positive cells significantly increased at 2 and 3 days (P < 0.05) and then decreased. CONCLUSIONS The deposition of DMP1 at exposed pulp sites preceded the appearance of nestin-immunoreactive cells, active cell proliferation and new matrix formation after pulp capping with calcium hydroxide in rat molars, suggesting that DMP1 acts as a trigger of pulp repair. The colocalization of DMP1 and osteopontin suggests that these two proteins play complementary roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Shigetani
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - K Yoshiba
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - M Kuratate
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - E Takei
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - N Yoshiba
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Y Yamanaka
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - H Ohshima
- Division of Anatomy and Cell Biology of the Hard Tissue, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - T Okiji
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
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