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Reddy GBM, Mounica PS, Sudeep N, Vikram R, Garam GB, Lalzampuia H, Ragulraj S, Pal S, Khate K, Bijalwan S, Girish PS, Gulati BR. First evidence of lumpy skin disease in mithun (Bos frontalis) in India. Arch Virol 2024; 169:65. [PMID: 38451344 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-024-05996-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is a disease of cattle that is also known to cause mild infection in buffaloes. To date, there have been no reports of LSD in mithun (Bos frontalis), a bovine species distributed in Northeast India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, and parts of China. In the present study, the presence of typical clinical signs, virus isolation, PCR amplification, sequence analysis, and the demonstration of antibodies in serum by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and serum neutralization test, confirmed the occurrence of LSD in mithun for the first time in India. Phylogenetic analysis based on the full-length RPO30 and P32 genes of LSD virus from mithun and cattle revealed 100% sequence identity, indicating circulation of the same strain in both species in India and the possibility of spillover between species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pabbineedi Sai Mounica
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bengaluru, 560064, India
| | - Nagaraj Sudeep
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bengaluru, 560064, India
| | - Ramesh Vikram
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Mithun, Medziphema, Chumukedima, Nagaland, 797106, India
| | - Gyamnya Baki Garam
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Veterinary & Dairy Development, Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh, 791109, India
| | - Hlawndo Lalzampuia
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Mithun, Medziphema, Chumukedima, Nagaland, 797106, India
| | - Selvaraj Ragulraj
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Mithun, Medziphema, Chumukedima, Nagaland, 797106, India
| | - Suchismita Pal
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Mithun, Medziphema, Chumukedima, Nagaland, 797106, India
| | - Kobu Khate
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Mithun, Medziphema, Chumukedima, Nagaland, 797106, India
| | - Shraddha Bijalwan
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bengaluru, 560064, India
| | | | - Baldev Raj Gulati
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bengaluru, 560064, India
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Chamuah JK, Jacob SS, Ezung L, Awomi L, Aier I, Kumar H, Goswami P, Lalzampuia H, Khate K, Vupru K, Singh M, Hanah SS, Shivanagowda GP. First report of Ikeda genotype of Theileria orientalis in Mithun (Bos frontalis) from northeastern hilly region of India. Parasitol Res 2023; 123:36. [PMID: 38086995 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-08047-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Oriental theileriosis caused by Theileria orientalis, previously considered a benign disease, is posing a significant threat to the livestock industry across the globe. To elucidate the prevalence of Theileria orientalis in ticks and their host, the Mithun, a comprehensive study was undertaken in the two northeastern states of India, viz. Nagaland and Arunachal Pradesh. A total of 340 of Rhipicephalus microplus ticks and 25 Ambylomma sp. ticks were screened for the presence of Theileria orientalis through PCR. Among the R. microplus ticks examined, 25 of them tested positive for T. orientalis infection whereas none of the Amblyomma ticks was positive. Additionally, a total of 275 blood samples were collected from Mithun from Arunachal and Nagaland and 31 animals were found to be positive for T. orientalis infection. Notably, six positive cases were identified in Porba (Phek district), six in Tening, and one in Bamsiakilwa village (Peren district) of Nagaland. Moreover, out of the 41 animals examined at Medziphema farms, Nagaland, 18 were found to be positive for T. orientalis infection. Moreover, the phylogenetic investigation has unveiled the presence of the highly pathogenic Type 2 (Ikeda) T. orientalis genotype in Mithun, supported by a strong bootstrap value of 100%. This study marks the initial documentation of oriental theileriosis in mithun. It underscores the need for vigilant monitoring and active surveillance of mithun populations in the northeastern states of India. Timely treatment of infected animals is imperative to avert economic losses for the farmers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Siju Susan Jacob
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Investigation, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Livika Awomi
- ICAR-NRC On Mithun, Medziphema, Nagaland, 797106, India
| | | | - Harshit Kumar
- ICAR-NRC On Mithun, Medziphema, Nagaland, 797106, India
| | | | | | - Kobu Khate
- ICAR-NRC On Mithun, Medziphema, Nagaland, 797106, India
| | | | - Mahak Singh
- ICAR-Research Complex for NEH Region, Nagaland Centre, Dipamur, India
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Lalzampuia H, Sunitibala Devi L, Subramaniam S, Khate K, Chamuah JK, Joshi V, Khan MH. Vaccine induced immune response against foot and mouth disease virus in mithun ( Bos frontalis). J Vet Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.4142/jvs.22031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hlawndo Lalzampuia
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Research Center on Mithun, Medziphema, Nagaland 797106, India
| | - Laishram Sunitibala Devi
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Research Center on Mithun, Medziphema, Nagaland 797106, India
| | - Saravanan Subramaniam
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Directorate of Foot and Mouth Disease, National Seromonitoring Laboratory, Bengaluru 560024, India
| | - Kobu Khate
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Research Center on Mithun, Medziphema, Nagaland 797106, India
| | - Jayanta Kumar Chamuah
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Research Center on Mithun, Medziphema, Nagaland 797106, India
| | - Vivek Joshi
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Research Center on Mithun, Medziphema, Nagaland 797106, India
| | - Meraj Haider Khan
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Research Center on Mithun, Medziphema, Nagaland 797106, India
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Lalzampuia H, Elango S, Biswal JK, Krishnaswamy N, Selvan RPT, Saravanan P, Mahadappa P, V Umapathi, Reddy GR, Bhanuprakash V, Sanyal A, Dechamma HJ. Infection and protection responses of deletion mutants of non-structural proteins of foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype Asia1 in guinea pigs. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 106:273-286. [PMID: 34889988 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11692-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The development of a negative marker vaccine against the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) will enhance the capabilities to differentiate vaccinated from infected animals and move forward in the progressive control pathway for the control of FMD. Here, we report the development of mutant FMDV of Asia1 with partial deletion of non-structural proteins 3A and 3B and characterization of their infectivity and protection response in the guinea pig model. The deleted FMDV Asia1/IND/63/1972 mutants, pAsiaΔ3A and pAsiaΔ3A3B1 were constructed from the full-length infectious clone pAsiaWT, the viable virus was rescued, and the genetic stability of the mutants was confirmed by 20 monolayer passages in BHK21 cells. The mutant Asia1 viruses showed comparable growth pattern and infectivity with that of AsiaWT in the cell culture. However, the AsiaΔ3A3B1 virus showed smaller plaque and lower virus titer with reduced infectivity in the suckling mice. In guinea pigs, the AsiaΔ3A3B1 virus failed to induce the disease, whereas the AsiaΔ3A virus induced typical secondary lesions of FMD. Vaccination with inactivated Asia1 mutant viruses induced neutralizing antibody response that was significantly lower than that of the parent virus on day 28 post-vaccination (dpv) in guinea pigs (P < 0.05). Furthermore, challenging the vaccinated guinea pigs with the homologous vaccine strain of FMDV Asia1 conferred complete protection. It is concluded that the mutant AsiaΔ3A3B1 virus has the potential to replace the wild-type virus for use as a negative marker vaccine after assessing the vaccine worth attributes in suspension cell and protective efficacy study in cattle.Key points• Deletion mutant viruses of FMDV Asia1, developed by PCR-mediated mutagenesis of NSP 3A and 3B1, were genetically stable.• The growth kinetics and antigenic relatedness of the mutant viruses were comparable with that of the wild-type virus.• Vaccination of guinea pigs with the deletion mutant viruses conferred complete protection upon challenge with the homologous virus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Subhadra Elango
- FMD Vaccine Production Laboratory, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Hebbal Campus, Karnataka, Bengaluru, 560 024, India
| | - Jitendra K Biswal
- ICAR-Directorate of Foot-and-Mouth Disease, Mukteswar, Nainital, 263138, India
| | - Narayanan Krishnaswamy
- FMD Vaccine Production Laboratory, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Hebbal Campus, Karnataka, Bengaluru, 560 024, India
| | - R P Tamil Selvan
- FMD Vaccine Production Laboratory, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Hebbal Campus, Karnataka, Bengaluru, 560 024, India
| | - P Saravanan
- FMD Vaccine Production Laboratory, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Hebbal Campus, Karnataka, Bengaluru, 560 024, India
| | - Priyanka Mahadappa
- FMD Vaccine Production Laboratory, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Hebbal Campus, Karnataka, Bengaluru, 560 024, India
| | - V Umapathi
- FMD Q&C and Q&A Laboratory, Bengaluru, India
| | - G R Reddy
- FMD Vaccine Production Laboratory, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Hebbal Campus, Karnataka, Bengaluru, 560 024, India
| | - V Bhanuprakash
- FMD Vaccine Production Laboratory, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Hebbal Campus, Karnataka, Bengaluru, 560 024, India
| | - Aniket Sanyal
- FMD Vaccine Production Laboratory, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Hebbal Campus, Karnataka, Bengaluru, 560 024, India
| | - H J Dechamma
- FMD Vaccine Production Laboratory, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Hebbal Campus, Karnataka, Bengaluru, 560 024, India.
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Ganji VK, Biswal JK, Lalzampuia H, Basagoudanavar SH, Saravanan P, Tamil Selvan RP, Umapathi V, Reddy GR, Sanyal A, Dechamma HJ. Mutation in the VP2 gene of P1-2A capsid protein increases the thermostability of virus-like particles of foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype O. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:8883-8893. [PMID: 30136205 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9278-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Revised: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an economically important, global disease of cloven-hoofed animals. The conventional vaccine could bring down the incidence of disease in many parts of the world but has many limitations and in India, the disease is enzootic. More promisingly, the alternate vaccine candidates, virus-like particles (VLPs) are as immunogenic as a native virus but are more labile to heat than the live virus capsids. To produce stable VLPs, a single amino acid residue was mutated at 93 and 98 positions at VP2 inter-pentamer region of the P1-2A gene of FMD virus serotype O (IND/R2/75). The mutated capsid protein was expressed in insect cells and characterized for temperature and varying pH stability. Out of S93Y, S93F, S93C, S93H, and Y98F mutant, VLPs, S93Y, S93F, and Y98F showed improved stability at 37 °C for 75 days compared to wild capsid, which was evaluated by sandwich ELISA. Further, the stability analysis of purified VLPs either by differential scanning fluorescence (DSF) stability assay at different temperatures and pH conditions or by dissociation kinetics showed that the Y98F mutant VLPs were more stable than S93Y, S93F, S93C, and S93H mutant and wild-type VLPs. Immunization of guinea pigs with Y98F VLPs induced neutralizing antibodies and 60% of the animals were protected from the FMDV "O" 100 GPID50 challenge virus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jitendra K Biswal
- ICAR-Project Directorate on Foot-and-Mouth Disease, Mukteswar, Nainital, 263138, India
| | - H Lalzampuia
- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Hebbal, Bengaluru, 560024, India
| | | | - P Saravanan
- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Hebbal, Bengaluru, 560024, India
| | - R P Tamil Selvan
- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Hebbal, Bengaluru, 560024, India
| | - V Umapathi
- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Hebbal, Bengaluru, 560024, India
| | - G R Reddy
- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Hebbal, Bengaluru, 560024, India
| | - Aniket Sanyal
- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Hebbal, Bengaluru, 560024, India
| | - H J Dechamma
- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Hebbal, Bengaluru, 560024, India.
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Warjri I, Dutta TK, Lalzampuia H, Chandra R. Detection and characterization of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (blaCTX-M-1 and blaSHV ) producing Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp. and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from humans in Mizoram. Vet World 2015; 8:599-604. [PMID: 27047141 PMCID: PMC4774719 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2015.599-604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 04/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The present study was conducted to isolate and characterize the extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) producing enteric bacteria in human beings in Mizoram, India. Materials and Methods: Fecal samples were collected from human beings with or without the history of diarrhea from different hospitals of Mizoram. Samples were processed for isolation and identification of Escherichia coli, Salmonella and Klebsiella pneumoniae. All the isolates were subjected to antibiotic sensitivity assays. Phenotypically, ESBLs production ability was determined by double discs synergy test (DDST) method. ESBLs producing isolates were subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection of ESBLs genes. Plasmids were cured by acridine orange. Transfer of resistance from a donor to recipient strains was done by in vitro horizontal method. Results: A total of 414 enteric bacteria were isolated from 180 fecal samples (113 were from diarrheic patients and 67 were from non-diarrheic patients), of which 333 (80.44%), 52 (12.56%), and 29 (7.00%) were E. coli, K. pneumoniae and Salmonella spp., respectively. Double discs synergy test (DDST) exhibited 72 (21.62%) E. coli, 12 (23.08%) K. pneumoniae and 4 (13.79%) Salmonella spp. were ESBLs producers. Altogether, 24 (13.04%) isolates were found to be positive for at least one resistance genes under this study. A total of 36 (8.70%) E. coli, 4 (0.97%) K. pneumoniae and 2 (0.48%) Salmonella spp. were found to be positive for blaCTX-M-1 gene by PCR. Similarly, 5 (1.21%) E. coli and 4 (0.97%) K. pneumoniae isolates were found to be positive for blaSHV gene. A total of 3 (0.72%) K. pneumoniae isolates were recorded as positive for both blaCTX-M-1 and blaSHV genes. All the isolates were carrying plasmids ranging between 0.9 kb and ~30 kb. The resistance plasmid could not be transferred to a recipient by in vitro horizontal gene transfer method. Conclusion: ESBLs producing enteric bacteria are circulating in human population in North Eastern Region of India. Indiscriminate use of antibiotics should be avoided to control the menace of multidrug resistance bacteria in the environment, animals, and human beings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iadarilin Warjri
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Central Agricultural University, Selesih, Aizawl, Mizoram, India
| | - T K Dutta
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Central Agricultural University, Selesih, Aizawl, Mizoram, India
| | - H Lalzampuia
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Central Agricultural University, Selesih, Aizawl, Mizoram, India
| | - Rajesh Chandra
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Central Agricultural University, Selesih, Aizawl, Mizoram, India
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Lalzampuia H, Dutta TK, Warjri I, Chandra R. Detection of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (blaCTX-M-1 and blaTEM) in Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from poultry in North Eastern India. Vet World 2014. [DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2014.1026-1031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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