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Scott Wang HH, Li M, Cahill D, Panagides J, Logvinenko T, Chow J, Nelson C. A machine learning algorithm predicting risk of dilating VUR among infants with hydronephrosis using UTD classification. J Pediatr Urol 2024; 20:271-278. [PMID: 37993352 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2023.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Urinary Tract Dilation (UTD) classification has been designed to be a more objective grading system to evaluate antenatal and post-natal UTD. Due to unclear association between UTD classifications to specific anomalies such as vesico-ureteral reflux (VUR), management recommendations tend to be subjective. OBJECTIVE We sought to develop a model to reliably predict VUR from early post-natal ultrasound. STUDY DESIGN Radiology records from single institution were reviewed to identify infants aged 0-90 days undergoing early ultrasound for antenatal UTD. Medical records were reviewed to confirm diagnosis of VUR. Primary outcome defined as dilating (≥Gr3) VUR. Exclusion criteria include major congenital urologic anomalies (bilateral renal agenesis, horseshoe kidney, cross fused ectopia, exstrophy) as well as patients without VCUG. Data were split into training/testing sets by 4:1 ratio. Machine learning (ML) algorithm hyperparameters were tuned by the validation set. RESULTS In total, 280 patients (540 renal units) were included in the study (73 % male). Median (IQR) age at ultrasound was 27 (18-38) days. 66 renal units were found to have ≥ grade 3 VUR. The final model included gender, ureteral dilation, parenchymal appearance, parenchymal thickness, central calyceal dilation. The model predicted VUR with AUC at 0.81(0.73-0.88) on out-of-sample testing data. Model is shown in the figure. DISCUSSION We developed a ML model that can predict dilating VUR among patients with hydronephrosis in early ultrasound. The study is limited by the retrospective and single institutional nature of data source. This is one of the first studies demonstrating high performance for future diagnosis prediction in early hydronephrosis cohort. CONCLUSIONS By predicting dilating VUR, our predictive model using machine learning algorithm provides promising performance to facilitate individualized management of children with prenatal hydronephrosis, and identify those most likely to benefit from VCUG. This would allow more selective use of this test, increasing the yield while also minimizing overutilization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Li
- Department of Urology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dylan Cahill
- School of Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Tanya Logvinenko
- Department of Urology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeanne Chow
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Caleb Nelson
- Department of Urology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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Vasdev R, Softness K, Cahill D, Panagides J, Logvinenko T, Saunders R, Bauer S, Estrada C, Wang HHS. Intradetrusor botox injection and augmentation cystoplasty trends among spina bifida patients at US freestanding children's hospitals. J Pediatr Urol 2024:S1477-5131(24)00092-5. [PMID: 38402080 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2024.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Intra-detrusor botulinum toxin (Botox) injection is a minimally invasive alternative to augmentation cystoplasty in patients with refractory neurogenic bladder. Botox was first used for neurogenic bladder children two decades ago. However, there are no existing guidelines on indications or use among patients with spina bifida. Furthermore, there are little data regarding its use relative to bladder augmentation and patient volume on a national scale. OBJECTIVE We sought to investigate the contemporary trends of intra-detrusor Botox injection and augment cystoplasty in free-standing children's hospitals. STUDY DESIGN We queried the Pediatric Health Information System database to identify spina bifida patients from 2016 to 2019 who underwent intra-detrusor Botox injection and augment cystoplasty based on CPT and ICD-10 codes. Total spina bifida population under care in the free-standing children's hospitals was estimated by all inpatient and ambulatory surgery encounters as denominators to calculate frequency by time for both intra-detrusor Botox injections and augmentation cystoplasty. RESULTS In total, we included 1924 intra-detrusor Botox injections and 842 augmentation cystoplasties. 1413 (51.1%) patients were female. Median age at surgery was 10.0 (interquartile range 6.98-13.5) years. There was a significant increase in intra-detrusor Botox injection frequency (p < 0.001). While there was an overall decreasing, but not significant, trend for augmentation cystoplasty, there was a significant increase in this procedure during the summer months compared to the rest of the year (p < 0.001, Figure 1). Sensitivity analysis using only first intra-detrusor Botox injection per patient demonstrated similarly significant increasing trend. DISCUSSION Use of intra-detrusor Botox injection for the management of neurogenic bladder has significantly increased among patients with spina bifida while augmentation cystoplasty has slightly decreased, but not significantly. CONCLUSIONS Over time, practice patterns for the treatments of neurogenic bladder among spina bifida children have favored minimally invasive Botox injections while augmentation cystoplasty use has not significantly changed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranveer Vasdev
- Medical School, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Kenneth Softness
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Avenue Boston, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Dylan Cahill
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - John Panagides
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Tanya Logvinenko
- Department of Urology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Rachel Saunders
- Department of Urology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Stuart Bauer
- Department of Urology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carlos Estrada
- Department of Urology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Hsin-Hsiao Scott Wang
- Department of Urology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, USA.
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Scott Wang HH, Vasdev R, Nelson CP. Artificial Intelligence in Pediatric Urology. Urol Clin North Am 2024; 51:91-103. [PMID: 37945105 DOI: 10.1016/j.ucl.2023.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Application of artificial intelligence (AI) is one of the hottest topics in medicine. Unlike traditional methods that rely heavily on statistical assumptions, machine learning algorithms can identify highly complex patterns from data, allowing robust predictions. There is an abundance of evidence of exponentially increasing pediatric urologic publications using AI methodology in recent years. While these studies show great promise for better understanding of disease and patient care, we should be realistic about the challenges arising from the nature of pediatric urologic conditions and practice, in order to continue to produce high-impact research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Hsiao Scott Wang
- Computational Healthcare Analytics Program, Department of Urology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Ranveer Vasdev
- Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, 200 1st Street Southwest, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Caleb P Nelson
- Clinical and Health Services Research, Department of Urology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, USA
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Bortnick EM, Logvinenko T, Wang HHS, Fogelman DJ, Shore BJ, Nelson CP, Kurtz MP. Association between lower limb spasticity and cryptorchidism in males with cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol 2024; 66:82-86. [PMID: 37282840 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.15644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM To explore the association between presence and severity of lower limb spasticity (LLS) and risk of orchidopexy for cryptorchidism among people with cerebral palsy (CP) and to further define the cremasteric muscle spasticity theory. METHOD We queried the Pediatric Health Information System database for male patients with CP, stratified patients into those with/without LLS, and compared groups for orchidopexy occurrence. Comparative statistics were performed using χ2 and Mann-Whitney U tests for categorical and continuous variables respectively. The association between orchidopexy and spasticity type was investigated using logistic regression. RESULTS In total, 44 561 males with CP were identified. Of these, 1.6% underwent orchidopexy (median age: 7 years 8 months [interquartile range: 4 years 6 months-11 years 4 months]). LLS presence was significantly associated with higher orchidopexy rate compared to spasticity absence (odds ratio [OR] = 1.33 [1.10-1.59], p = 0.003). Among 7134 patients with LLS, intervention was significantly associated with higher orchidopexy rate (injection procedures: OR = 2.47 [2.27-6.39], p = 0.034; surgical procedure: OR = 2.60 [1.22-6.76], p = 0.026). LLS groin proximity was significantly associated with higher orchidopexy rate (OR = 2.52 [1.42-4.96], p = 0.003). INTERPRETATION A strong association exists between LLS presence and severity and orchidopexy risk among people with CP. These findings support a cremasteric spasticity hypothesis as an important factor of cryptorchidism in CP. Providers should continue to examine for cryptorchidism in males with CP as they age. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS Lower limb spasticity (LLS) is associated with higher orchidopexy rate in cerebral palsy. Orchidopexy rate was higher in more severe LLS. Orchidopexy rate was higher in more proximal LLS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric M Bortnick
- Department of Urology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tanya Logvinenko
- Department of Urology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - David J Fogelman
- Department of Orthopedics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Benjamin J Shore
- Department of Orthopedics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Caleb P Nelson
- Department of Urology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael P Kurtz
- Department of Urology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Wang HHS, Thaker H, Bigger-Allen A, Nagy JA, Rutkove SB. Novel phenotype characterization utilizing electrical impedance myography signatures in murine spinal cord injury neurogenic bladder models. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19520. [PMID: 37945675 PMCID: PMC10636012 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46740-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurogenic bladder (NB) affects people of all ages. Electric impedance myography (EIM) assesses localized muscle abnormalities. Here, we sought to investigate whether unique detrusor EIM signatures are present in NB due to spinal cord injury (SCI). Twenty-eight, 8-10 weeks old, C57BL/6J female mice were studied. Twenty underwent spinal cord transection; 8 served as controls. Cohorts were euthanized at 4 and 6 weeks after spinal cord transection. Each bladder was measured in-situ with EIM with applied frequencies of 1 kHz to 10 MHz, and then processed for molecular and histologic study. SCI mice had greater bladder-to-body weight ratio (p < 0.0001), greater collagen deposition (p = 0.009), and greater smooth-muscle-myosin-heavy-chain isoform A/B ratio (p < 0.0001). Compared with the control group, the SCI group was associated with lower phase, reactance, and resistance values (p < 0.01). Significant correlations (p < 0.001) between bladder-to-body weight ratios and EIM measurements were observed across the entire frequency spectrum. A severely hypertrophied phenotype was characterized by even greater bladder-to-body weight ratios and more depressed EIM values. Our study demonstrated distinct EIM alterations in the detrusor muscle of mice with NB due to SCI. With further refinement, EIM may offer a potential point-of-care tool for the assessment of NB and its response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Hsiao Scott Wang
- Department of Urology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, HU390, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
| | - Hatim Thaker
- Department of Urology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, HU390, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Alex Bigger-Allen
- Department of Urology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, HU390, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Janice A Nagy
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Seward B Rutkove
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
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Bertsimas D, Li M, Zhang N, Estrada C, Scott Wang HH. High-performance pediatric surgical risk calculator: A novel algorithm based on machine learning and pediatric NSQIP data. Am J Surg 2023:S0002-9610(23)00106-X. [PMID: 36948897 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2023.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS New methods such as machine learning could provide accurate predictions with little statistical assumptions. We seek to develop prediction model of pediatric surgical complications based on pediatric National Surgical Quality Improvement Program(NSQIP). METHODS All 2012-2018 pediatric-NSQIP procedures were reviewed. Primary outcome was defined as 30-day post-operative morbidity/mortality. Morbidity was further classified as any, major and minor. Models were developed using 2012-2017 data. 2018 data was used as independent performance evaluation. RESULTS 431,148 patients were included in the 2012-2017 training and 108,604 were included in the 2018 testing set. Our prediction models had high performance in mortality prediction at 0.94 AUC in testing set. Our models outperformed ACS-NSQIP Calculator in all categories for morbidity (0.90 AUC for major, 0.86 AUC for any, 0.69 AUC in minor complications). CONCLUSIONS We developed a high-performing pediatric surgical risk prediction model. This powerful tool could potentially be used to improve the surgical care quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris Bertsimas
- Operations Research Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Michael Li
- Operations Research Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nova Zhang
- Operations Research Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Carlos Estrada
- Advanced Analytics Group of Pediatric Urology, Department of Urology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hsin-Hsiao Scott Wang
- Advanced Analytics Group of Pediatric Urology, Department of Urology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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Wang HHS, Cahill D, Panagides J, Nelson CP, Wu HT, Estrada C. Pattern recognition algorithm to identify detrusor overactivity on urodynamics. Neurourol Urodyn 2020; 40:428-434. [PMID: 33205846 DOI: 10.1002/nau.24578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Detrusor overactivity (DO) of the bladder is a finding on urodynamic studies (UDS) that often correlates with lower urinary tract symptoms and drives management. However, UDS interpretation remains nonstandardized. We sought to develop a mathematical model to reliably identify DO in UDS. METHODS We utilized UDS archive files for studies performed at our institution between 2013 and 2019. Raw tracings of vesical pressure, abdominal pressure, detrusor pressure, infused volume, and all annotations during UDS were obtained. Patients less than 1 year old, studies with calibration issues, or those with significant artifacts were excluded. In the training set, five representative DO patterns were identified. Candidate Pdet signal segments were matched to representative DO patterns. Manifold learning and dynamic time warping algorithms were used. Five-fold cross validation (CV) was used to evaluate the performance. RESULTS A total of 799 UDS studies were included. The median age was 9 years (range, 1-33). There were 1,742 DO events that did not overlap with annotated artifacts (cough, cry, valsalva, movements). The AUC of the training sets from the five-fold CV was 0.84 ± 0.01. The five-fold CV leads to an overall accuracy 81.35%, and sensitivity and specificity of detecting DO events are 76.92% and 81.41%, respectively, in the testing set. CONCLUSIONS Our predictive model using machine learning algorithms provides promising performance to facilitate automated identification of DO in UDS. This would allow for standardization and potentially more reliable UDS interpretation. Signal processing and machine learning interpretation of the other components of UDS are forthcoming.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dylan Cahill
- Department of Urology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John Panagides
- Department of Urology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Caleb P Nelson
- Department of Urology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hau-Tieng Wu
- Department of Mathematics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Statistical Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Mathematics Division, National Center for Theoretical Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Carlos Estrada
- Department of Urology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Wang HHS. What are we Doing Wrong? The High Rate of Stone Recurrence in Children. J Urol 2016; 197:10. [PMID: 27729227 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2016.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Hsiao Scott Wang
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
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Kokorowski P, Wang HHS, Routh J, Hubert K, Nelson C. 1619 EVALUATION OF THE CONTRALATERAL INGUINAL RING IN CLINICALLY UNILATERAL INGUINAL HERNIA A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS. J Urol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.02.1414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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