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[Mitigating metal artifacts from cobalt-chromium alloy crowns in cone-beam CT images through deep learning techniques]. ZHONGHUA KOU QIANG YI XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA KOUQIANG YIXUE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY 2024; 59:71-79. [PMID: 38228542 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112144-20231030-00228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Objective: To develop and evaluate metal artifact removal systems (MARS) based on deep learning to assess their effectiveness in removing artifacts caused by different thicknesses of metals in cone-beam CT (CBCT) images. Methods: A full-mouth standard model (60 mm×75 mm×110 mm) was three-dimensional (3D) printed using photosensitive resin. The model included a removable and replaceable target tooth position where cobalt-chromium alloy crowns with varying thicknesses were inserted to generate matched CBCT images. The artifacts resulting from cobalt-chromium alloys with different thicknesses were evaluated using the structural similarity index measure (SSIM) and peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR). CNN-MARS and U-net-MARS were developed using a convolutional neural network and U-net architecture, respectively. The effectiveness of both MARSs were assessed through visualization and by measuring SSIM and PSNR values. The SSIM and PSNR values were statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (α=0.05). Results: Significant differences were observed in the range of artifacts produced by different thicknesses of cobalt-chromium alloys (all P<0.05), with 1 mm resulting in the least artifacts. The SSIM values for specimens with thicknesses of 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mm were 0.916±0.019, 0.873±0.010, and 0.833±0.010, respectively (F=447.89, P<0.001). The corresponding PSNR values were 20.834±1.176, 17.002±0.427, and 14.673±0.429, respectively (F=796.51, P<0.001). After applying CNN-MARS and U-net-MARS to artifact removal, the SSIM and PSNR values significantly increased for images with the same thickness of metal (both P<0.05). When using the CNN-MARS for artifact removal, the SSIM values for 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mm were 0.938±0.023, 0.930±0.029, and 0.928±0.020 (F=2.22, P=0.112), while the PSNR values were 30.938±1.495, 30.578±2.154 and 30.553±2.355 (F=0.54, P=0.585). When using the U-net-MARS for artifact removal, the SSIM values for 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mm were 0.930±0.024, 0.932±0.017 and 0.930±0.012 (F=0.24, P=0.788), and the PSNR values were 30.291±0.934, 30.351±1.002 and 30.271±1.143 (F=0.07, P=0.929). No significant differences were found in SSIM and PSNR values after artifact removal using CNN-MARS and U-net-MARS for different thicknesses of cobalt-chromium alloys (all P>0.05). Visualization demonstrated a high degree of similarity between the images before and after artifact removal using both MARS. However, CNN-MARS displayed clearer metal edges and preserved more tissue details when compared with U-net-MARS. Conclusions: Both the CNN-MARS and U-net-MARS models developed in this study effectively remove the metal artifacts and enhance the image quality. CNN-MARS exhibited an advantage in restoring tissue structure information around the artifacts compared to U-net-MARS.
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[Mitigating metal artifacts in cone-beam CT images through deep learning techniques]. ZHONGHUA KOU QIANG YI XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA KOUQIANG YIXUE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY 2023; 59:71-79. [PMID: 38172064 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112144-20231030-00233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Objective: To develop and evaluate metal artifact removal systems (MARSs) based on deep learning to assess their effectiveness in removing artifacts caused by different thicknesses of metals in cone-beam CT (CBCT) images. Methods: A full-mouth standard model (60 mm×75 mm×110 mm) was three-dimensional (3D) printed using photosensitive resin. The model included a removable and replaceable target tooth position where cobalt-chromium alloy crowns with varying thicknesses were inserted to generate matched CBCT images. The artifacts resulting from cobalt-chromium alloys with different thicknesses were evaluated using the structural similarity index measure (SSIM) and peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR). CNN-MARS and U-net-MARS were developed using a convolutional neural network and U-net architecture, respectively. The effectiveness of both MARSs were assessed through visualization and by measuring SSIM and PSNR values. The SSIM and PSNR values were statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (α=0.05). Results: Significant differences were observed in the range of artifacts produced by different thicknesses of cobalt-chromium alloys (all P<0.05), with 1 mm resulting in the least artifacts. The SSIM values for specimens with thicknesses of 1.0 mm, 1.5 mm, and 2.0 mm were 0.916±0.019, 0.873±0.010, and 0.833±0.010, respectively (F=447.89, P<0.001). The corresponding PSNR values were 20.834±1.176, 17.002±0.427, and 14.673±0.429, respectively (F=796.51, P<0.001). After applying CNN-MARS and U-net-MARS to artifact removal, the SSIM and PSNR values significantly increased for images with the same thickness of metal (both P<0.05). When using the CNN-MARS for artifact removal, the SSIM values for 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mm were 0.938±0.023, 0.930±0.029, and 0.928±0.020 (F=2.22, P=0.112), while the PSNR values were 30.938±1.495, 30.578±2.154 and 30.553±2.355 (F=0.54, P=0.585). When using the U-net-MARS for artifact removal, the SSIM values for 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mm were 0.930±0.024, 0.932±0.017 and 0.930±0.012 (F=0.24, P=0.788), and the PSNR values were 30.291±0.934, 30.351±1.002 and 30.271±1.143 (F=0.07, P=0.929). No significant differences were found in SSIM and PSNR values after artifact removal using CNN-MARS and U-net-MARS for different thicknesses of cobalt-chromium alloys (all P>0.05). Visualization demonstrated a high degree of similarity between the images before and after artifact removal using both MARSs. However, CNN-MARS displayed clearer metal edges and preserved more tissue details when compared with U-net-MARS. Conclusions: Both the CNN-MARS and U-net-MARS models developed in this study effectively remove the metal artifacts and enhance the image quality. CNN-MARS exhibited an advantage in restoring tissue structure information around the artifacts compared to U-net-MARS.
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Association between Antihyperlipidemic Agent Use and Age-Related Macular Degeneration in Patients with Hyperlipidemia: A Population-Based Retrospective Cohort Study. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1508. [PMID: 37371603 PMCID: PMC10294800 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have indicated that lipoproteins might contribute to the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). In this population-based retrospective cohort study, patients with hyperlipidemia were divided into two groups (study groups I and II) based on whether or not they were receiving antihyperlipidemic agents. The comparison group included patients without hyperlipidemia who were randomly selected and matched with study group II patients. A Cox proportional hazard model was used to evaluate the risk of AMD among the groups. Patients with hyperlipidemia receiving antihyperlipidemic agents (study group I, n = 15,482) had a significantly increased AMD risk (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) = 1.23, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.04-1.45) compared to those not receiving antihyperlipidemic agents (study group II, n = 15,482). However, with an increase in cumulative exposure, a reduced risk of AMD was observed in patients using a defined daily dose of more than 721, with an adjusted HR of 0.34 (95% CI = 0.22-0.53, p < 0.001). Additionally, the adjusted HR of AMD for study group II was 1.40 (95% CI = 1.20-1.63, p < 0.001) relative to the comparison group (n = 61,928). In conclusion, the study results indicated that patients with hyperlipidemia have a higher AMD risk than patients without hyperlipidemia. Furthermore, patients with hyperlipidemia who received antihyperlipidemic agents had a significantly increased AMD risk. However, a dose-dependent reduction in the risk of AMD was observed in patients with hyperlipidemia using statins or/and fibrates.
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Association between statin use and the risk of gout in patients with hyperlipidemia: A population-based cohort study. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1096999. [PMID: 36873987 PMCID: PMC9975165 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1096999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the association between statin use and risk of gout in patients with hyperlipidemia. Methods: In this population-based retrospective cohort study, patients ≥20 years and diagnosed as having incident hyperlipidemia between 2001 and 2012 were identified from the 2000 Longitudinal Generation Tracking Database in Taiwan. Regular statin users (incident statin use, having 2 times and ≥90 days of prescription for the first year) and two active comparators [irregular statin use and other lipid-lowering agent (OLLA) use] were compared; the patients were followed up until the end of 2017. Propensity score matching was applied to balance potential confounders. Time-to-event outcomes of gout and dose- and duration-related associations were estimated using marginal Cox proportional hazard models. Results: Regular statin use non-significantly reduced gout risk compared with irregular statin use (aHR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.90-1.01) and OLLA use (aHR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.84-1.04). However, a protective effect was noted for a cumulative defined daily dose (cDDD) of >720 (aHR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.47-0.69 compared with irregular statin use and aHR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.34-0.67 compared with OLLA use) or a therapy duration of >3 years (aHR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.64-0.90 compared with irregular statin use and aHR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.37-0.68 compared with OLLA use). Dose- and duration-dependent associations were consistent in the 5-year sensitivity analyses. Conclusion: Although statin use was not associated with a reduction in gout risk, the protective benefit was observed in those receiving higher cumulative doses or with a longer therapy duration.
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Constraints on Cosmic Strings Using Data from the Third Advanced LIGO-Virgo Observing Run. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:241102. [PMID: 34213926 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.97.102002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We search for gravitational-wave signals produced by cosmic strings in the Advanced LIGO and Virgo full O3 dataset. Search results are presented for gravitational waves produced by cosmic string loop features such as cusps, kinks, and, for the first time, kink-kink collisions. A template-based search for short-duration transient signals does not yield a detection. We also use the stochastic gravitational-wave background energy density upper limits derived from the O3 data to constrain the cosmic string tension Gμ as a function of the number of kinks, or the number of cusps, for two cosmic string loop distribution models. Additionally, we develop and test a third model that interpolates between these two models. Our results improve upon the previous LIGO-Virgo constraints on Gμ by 1 to 2 orders of magnitude depending on the model that is tested. In particular, for the one-loop distribution model, we set the most competitive constraints to date: Gμ≲4×10^{-15}. In the case of cosmic strings formed at the end of inflation in the context of grand unified theories, these results challenge simple inflationary models.
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Constraints on Cosmic Strings Using Data from the Third Advanced LIGO-Virgo Observing Run. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:241102. [PMID: 34213926 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.241102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We search for gravitational-wave signals produced by cosmic strings in the Advanced LIGO and Virgo full O3 dataset. Search results are presented for gravitational waves produced by cosmic string loop features such as cusps, kinks, and, for the first time, kink-kink collisions. A template-based search for short-duration transient signals does not yield a detection. We also use the stochastic gravitational-wave background energy density upper limits derived from the O3 data to constrain the cosmic string tension Gμ as a function of the number of kinks, or the number of cusps, for two cosmic string loop distribution models. Additionally, we develop and test a third model that interpolates between these two models. Our results improve upon the previous LIGO-Virgo constraints on Gμ by 1 to 2 orders of magnitude depending on the model that is tested. In particular, for the one-loop distribution model, we set the most competitive constraints to date: Gμ≲4×10^{-15}. In the case of cosmic strings formed at the end of inflation in the context of grand unified theories, these results challenge simple inflationary models.
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Use of gastric acid-suppressive agents increases the risk of dementia in patients with upper gastrointestinal disease: A population-based retrospective cohort study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249050. [PMID: 33765029 PMCID: PMC7993796 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prescriptions for gastric acid-suppressive agents, including proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) and histamine type-2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs), are rising. However, little data exist regarding their association with dementia in the Asian population. The objective of this study was thus to investigate the impact of the use of PPIs and H2RAs on the risk of dementia in an Asian population with upper gastrointestinal disease (UGID). METHODS We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study with a 10-year follow-up using data from 2000 to 2015 derived from Taiwan's Longitudinal Health Insurance Database. We included 6711 patients with UGID receiving gastric acid-suppressive agents, 6711 patients with UGID not receiving agents, and 6711 patients without UGID or treatment thereof, all at least 20 years of age. Groups were matched for age, sex, and index date. The association between gastric acid-suppressive agent use and dementia was analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards regression model adjusted for potential confounders. RESULTS The adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of dementia for patients with UGID receiving gastric acid-suppressive agents compared with patients with UGID without gastric acid-suppressive agents was 1.470 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.267-1.705, p < 0.001). Both PPIs and H2RAs increase the risk of dementia (PPIs: aHR 1.886 [95% CI 1.377-2.582], p < 0.001; H2RAs: aHR 1.357 [95% CI 1.098-1.678], p < 0.01), with PPIs exhibiting significantly greater risk (aHR 1.456 [95% CI 1.022-2.075], p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate an increased risk of dementia in patients with UGID receiving gastric acid-suppressive agents, including PPIs and H2RAs, and the use of PPIs was associated with a significantly greater risk than H2RA use.
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Calcium Channel blockers are associated with reduced risk of Parkinson's disease in patients with hypertension: A population-based retrospective cohort study. J Neurol Sci 2021; 424:117412. [PMID: 33799214 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2021.117412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers (DCCBs) was proposed to reduce the risk of Parkinson's disease (PD). This study aimed to evaluate the association between DCCB and its dose effect and the risk of PD in patients with newly diagnosed hypertension. METHODS This population-based retrospective cohort study enrolled 107,207 patients with newly diagnosed hypertension, between 2001 and 2013, from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database. Patients who had PD before hypertension or were taking antipsychotics for more than 30 days in the 6 months prior to the end of the observation period were excluded. A Cox proportional hazard model was used to estimate the risk of PD in different groups. The dose-related effects of DCCB on the risk of PD were evaluated according to the cumulative defined daily dose (DDD). RESULTS We observed 832 (1.2%) PD cases in patients treated with DCCB as compared to 950 (2.4%) PD cases in those not treated with DCCB, during a median follow-up duration of 8.3 years and 6.2 years, respectively. The risk of PD in the DCCB-treated group (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.50) was significantly lower than that in the group without DCCB treatment. DCCB reduced the risk of PD in a dose-dependent manner, with HRs ranging from 0.61 to 0.37 for DDDs of 90-180 to >720. CONCLUSIONS DCCB treatment was associated with a significantly reduced risk of PD in patients with newly diagnosed hypertension. Further clinical trials are needed to confirm the proposed neuroprotective effects of DCCB in PD.
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[The impact of ambient temperature exposure on emergency calls-a time series analysis based on data of Xuchang and Zhengzhou]. ZHONGHUA YU FANG YI XUE ZA ZHI [CHINESE JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE] 2021; 55:194-199. [PMID: 34645179 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20200603-00816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the effect of hourly ambient temperature exposure on emergency calls in Xuchang city and Zhengzhou city. Methods: The hourly meteorological data, air pollution data and emergency calls of Xuchang city and Zhengzhou city were collected from January 1, 2017 to October 31, 2019. A distributed lag non-linear model was used to calculate the excess relative risk (ERR). The lag effect and cumulative effect of extreme temperature exposure on emergency calls were evaluated. Results: The relationship between hourly temperature exposure and emergency calls was a U-shaped curve. In Xuchang city and Zhengzhou city, both low and high temperatures would increase the number of hourly emergency calls. The earliest effect of low temperature occurred at a lag of 22 h and 52 h, with ERR values (95%CI) about 0.20% (0.00%, 0.39%) and 0.11% (0.00%, 0.22%), respectively. The earliest effect of high temperature occurred at a lag of 0 h with ERR values about 1.59% (1.09%, 2.09%) and 1.45% (1.22%, 1.69%), respectively. High temperature had the greatest impact on the number of emergency calls of cardiovascular disease at a lag of 4-8 h. The cumulative ERR values (95%CI) of the two cities were 8.70% (4.98%, 12.75%) and 3.89% (2.61%, 5.22%), respectively. Conclusion: High temperature exposure could increase the number of emergency calls within a few hours, while the effect of low temperature would not occur until 22 hours later.
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Association between acid-suppressive drug use and atopic dermatitis in patients with upper gastrointestinal diseases: A population-based retrospective cohort study. J Clin Pharm Ther 2021; 46:786-793. [PMID: 33403692 DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.13353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE Proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) and histamine-2-receptor antagonists (H2RAs) are two of the most widely used acid-suppressive drugs (ASDs). Some studies have reported that prenatal ASD exposure may increase the risk of asthma and other allergic diseases. This study investigated the effects of ASDs on the risk of atopic dermatitis in patients with upper gastrointestinal diseases. METHODS This population-based retrospective cohort study used data of 289,850 patients with at least two diagnoses of upper gastrointestinal diseases (UGIDs) between 1 January 2001 and 31 December 2005, from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database. The AD risks among ASD users and nonusers were compared. Differences in sociodemographic characteristics and potential covariates were examined. AD hazard ratios were estimated, and groups were compared using Cox proportional hazards regression analysis after adjustment for age, sex and other covariates. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION In total, 109,980 patients were included. The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of AD risk in ASD users relative to that in nonusers was 1.52 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.40-1.64, p < 0.001). For a dose-effect sub-analysis, patients were divided into four groups based on their defined daily dose. ASDs dose-dependently affected the AD risk (p for trend <0.01). Furthermore, the adjusted HR of the AD risk among ASD nonusers was 2.30 (95% CI: 2.06-2.57) relative to that in the comparison group (ASD nonusers without UGIDs). Among patients with UGIDs, ASD users had a higher AD risk than ASD nonusers. A subgroup analysis revealed only H2RA use was associated with an increased AD risk (adjusted HR 1.70, 95% CI: 1.53-1.89, p < 0.001). WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that the use of H2RAs was associated with an increased risk of AD among patients with UGIDs, and the increase in risk appeared to be dose-dependent. ASDs should be used only in situations where clear clinical benefits can be obtained.
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Association Between Use of Antihyperlipidemic Agents and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Patients with Hyperlipidemia: A Population-Based Retrospective Cohort Study. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2020; 15:2573-2581. [PMID: 33116474 PMCID: PMC7585814 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s267017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The effect of statins and fibrates on the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of statins and fibrates on the risk of COPD in patients with hyperlipidemia. Patients and Methods This study involved a retrospective cohort with a follow-up period of 6 years. We identified patients who were diagnosed as having hyperlipidemia between 2000 and 2016 from Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database. A Cox proportional hazard model was used to estimate the risk of COPD among different groups. The dose-related effects of statins and fibrates on the risk of COPD were evaluated according to the defined daily dose (DDD). Results Patients with hyperlipidemia not using statins and fibrates (group II) had a significantly higher risk of COPD compared with their comparison group, with an adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 1.091 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.034–1.152, p < 0.01]. Dose-dependent reduction in the risk of COPD was observed in patients with hyperlipidemia using statins or fibrates compared with patients not using them. Moreover, with an increase in cumulative exposure, a reduced risk of COPD was observed in patients using more than 361 DDDs, with an adjusted HR of 0.474 (95% CI: 0.401–0.559, p < 0.001). Patients on fibrate monotherapy using more than 541 DDDs were observed to have an adjusted HR of 0.454 (95% CI: 0.226–0.910, p < 0.05) and those on statin monotherapy with over 361 DDDs were noted to have an adjusted HR of 0.583 (95% CI: 0.459–0.740, p < 0.001). Conclusion This study demonstrated that an increase in the cumulative exposure of statins and fibrates significantly reduced the risk of COPD in patients with hyperlipidemia, and the risk reduction appeared to be significantly dose dependent.
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Urinary tract infection is associated with hypokalemia: a case control study. BMC Urol 2020; 20:108. [PMID: 32690002 PMCID: PMC7372809 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-020-00678-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypokalemia is a common clinical problem. The association between urinary tract infection (UTI) and hypokalemia is not clear. Hypokalemia is common in patients with UTI in clinical observation. The aim of the study is to determine if UTI is associated with hypokalemia. Methods Patients hospitalized with UTI and the control group were retrieved from the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database 2005. The control group was patients hospitalized with other reasons and were matched for the confoundings of UTI and hypokalemia. We analyze the risk of hypokalemia using logistic regression and calculate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of OR. Results We analyzed 43,719 UTI patients and control patients. Hypokalemia was found in 4540 (10.4%) patients with UTI and 1842 (4.2%) control patients. The percentage of patients with hypokalemia was higher in UTI patients (chi-square, p < 0.001). UTI was associated with hypokalemia and the odds ratio (OR) was 2.27 [95% confidence interval (CI): 2.17–2.41]. Cerebrovascular accident, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hypertension, congestive heart failure, diarrhea, medications including thiazides, sulfonamides, xanthines, and laxatives were independently associated with hypokalemia. Recurrent UTI was associated with hypokalemia in UTI patients (OR: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.05–1.23, p < 0.001). Conclusions Urinary tract infection is associated with hypokalemia among inpatients. The association is independent of patients’ comorbidities and medications. Recurrent UTI is associated with increased hypokalemia in UTI patients.
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[Association between low handgrip strength and air pollution among people aged 50 years and over]. ZHONGHUA LIU XING BING XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA LIUXINGBINGXUE ZAZHI 2019; 40:1240-1244. [PMID: 31658524 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0254-6450.2019.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To examine the association between long-term exposure to ambient PM(2.5) combined with indoor air pollution and handgrip strength among people aged 50 and over. Methods: Data were from the first wave of World Health Organization Study on global AGEing and adult health in China. Ambient annual concentration of PM(2.5) was estimated by using the satellite data we also investigated the use of fuels and chimneys as indoor air pollution. A two-level (individual level and community level) linear model was applied to examine the association between long-term exposure to ambient PM(2.5) combined with indoor air pollution and the handgrip strength. Results: A total of 13 175 individuals aged 50 years and over were included for analysis. The handgrip strength was (26.67±0.54) kg. Ambient PM(2.5) was found to be significantly associated with the risk of decreased handgrip strength. Outdoor PM(2.5) concentration was negatively correlated with handgrip strength (β=-0.23, 95%CI: -0.31 - -0.14) decrease in handgrip strength after adjusting for gender, age, residence, education, household assets, intake of vegetables and fruits, smoking and drinking, physical activity. In rural area, compared to those who used solid fuel, use of clean fuel increased (β=1.41, 95%CI: 0.36-2.46) handgrip strength. But in urban area, we did not find any statistically significant association between the use of clean fuel and handgrip strength (β=0.19, 95%CI: -0.95-1.32). Conclusion: This study found that long-term exposure to ambient PM(2.5) combined with indoor air pollution was significantly associated with low handgrip strength among people aged 50 years and over, this suggested that ambient PM(2.5) might serve as one of the risk factors for low physical function seen in the people aged 50 years and over.
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Abstract
1. PercollTM is one of the most widely used colloid for animal sperm preparation. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether PercollTM colloid centrifugation could be practical to improve cockerel sperm quality, and to compare the effects of PercollTM single layer centrifugation (SLC) and density gradient centrifugation (DGC) in order to obtain the most optimal protocol for cockerel semen.2. In the experiment with PercollTM SLC for fresh semen, an increase of motile sperm was seen after PercollTM 80% SLC and 90% SLC was conducted, at levels of 28.8% and 30.2% respectively (P < 0.01). The increase of progressively motile sperm after PercollTM 80% SLC and 90% SLC was 177.2% and 202.4% respectively (P < 0.01). Meanwhile, for semen stored at 4°C for 24 h, the increase of motile sperm after PercollTM 70% SLC and 80% SLC was 41.2% and 44.0% (P < 0.01), and the increase of progressive sperm after PercollTM 70% SLC and 80% SLC was 71.3% and 83.1% respectively (P < 0.01). Both the percentage of motile sperm and progressive sperm of the fresh and stored cockerel semen after appropriate PercollTM SLC was significantly enhanced.3. Sperm membrane integrity did not show any decrease after PercollTM centrifugation compared with non-centrifuged semen, which suggested that the PercollTM centrifugation treatment in this study did not cause damage to cockerel sperm membranes.4. In the experiment regarding the comparison of PercollTM SLC and DGC with fresh semen, the increase of motile sperm after PercollTM 80% SLC, 90% SLC and 40%/80% DGC was 29.5%, 36.4%, and 25.0% respectively; and the increase of progressive sperm was 44.7%, 58.5%, and 54.7%, respectively. For semen stored at 4°C for 24 h, the increase of motile sperm after PercollTM 70% SLC, 80% SLC and 35%/70% DGC were 41.2%, 44.0%, and 26.4%; and the increase of progressive sperm was 71.3%, 83.1%, and 43.7%, respectively. There were no significant differences between the increase of sperm motility after PercollTM 80%, 90% SLC or PercollTM 40%/80% DGC in fresh cockerel semen. There was no significant difference between PercollTM 70%, 80% SLC and PercollTM 35%/70% in stored cockerel semen. There was a tendency for sperm recovery rates with PercollTM SLC to be higher than PercollTM DGC, although this did not reach statistical significance in this study.5. It was concluded that PercollTM SLC was more suitable for cockerel sperm separation than PercollTM DGC. The results suggested that PercollTM 80% SLC was the most optimal procedure to separate fresh cockerel sperm and PercollTM 70% SLC was the most optimal procedure to separate stored cockerel sperm. PercollTM SLC is more simple, user-friendly and economical and less time-consuming than DGC for cockerel semen processing.
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Association of thiazolidinedione with a lower risk of Parkinson's disease in a population with newly-diagnosed diabetes mellitus. Ann Med 2018; 50:430-436. [PMID: 29888974 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2018.1488083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We investigated the association of thiazolidinedione and its dose effect with the risk of Parkinson's disease (PD) in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). METHODS This study enrolled 38,521 patients with newly-diagnosed DM, between 2001 and 2013, and compared them to the matched subjects without DM. The hazard ratios (HRs) for PD were compared between the thiazolidinedione-treated and non-thiazolidinedione-treated groups of the study cohort, and between subgroups who received different cumulative dosages of thiazolidinedione. RESULTS We observed that 544 (1.4%) patients developed PD during the follow-up median duration of 6.2 years in patients with newly-diagnosed DM or had a higher risk for PD than patients without DM (HR = 1.150). In the study cohort, the risk of PD was significantly lower in the thiazolidinedione-treated group (HR = 0.399) compared to the non-thiazolidinedione-treated group. Thiazolidinedione reduced the risk of PD in a dose-dependent manner, with HRs ranging from 0.613 to 0.081 with defined daily doses of 0-90 to >720, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Thiazolidinedione use was associated with a significantly reduced risk of PD in patients with newly-diagnosed DM. Further studies to elucidate the common mechanism of PD and DM may provide novel therapies for these two diseases. Key messages Newly-diagnosed diabetes mellitus slightly increases the risk for Parkinson's disease. Thiazolidinedione is associated with a lower risk of Parkinson's disease in a dose-dependent manner in patients with newly-diagnosed diabetes mellitus.
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SP128URINARY TRACT INFECTION IS ASSOCIATED WITH HYPOKALEMIA. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfy104.sp128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Evaluation of cockerel spermatozoa viability and motility by a novel enzyme based cell viability assay. Br Poult Sci 2018; 60:467-471. [PMID: 29355473 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2018.1426832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
1. The results of spermatozoa assessment by the WST-8 (2-[2-methoxy-4-nitrophenyl]-3-[4-nitrophenyl]-5-[2,4-disulfophenyl]-2H-tetrazolium, monosodium salt) assay, flow cytometry (FC) or computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) were compared. 2. Different live/killed ratios of cockerel semen were serially diluted to 120, 60, and 30 × 106 cells/ml, and each sample was analysed by (1) WST-8 assay at 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 min, (2) viability with FC, and (3) motility with CASA. 3. The WST-8 reduction rate was closely correlated with spermatozoa viability and motility. The optimal semen concentration for the WST-8 assay was 120 × 106 cells/ml, and the standard curves for spermatozoa viability and motility predictions, respectively, were yviability60 = 162.8x + 104.96 (R2 = 0.9594) after 60 min of incubation and ymotility40 = 225.09x + 96.299 (R2 = 0.8475) after 40 min of incubation. 4. It was concluded that the WST-8 assay is useful for the practical evaluation of cockerel spermatozoa viability and motility. Compared to FC and CASA, the WST-8 assay does not require expensive and complex instrumentation in the lab. Furthermore, one well of the WST-8 reaction can be used to predict spermatozoa viability and motility at the same time, which all lead it to be efficient and economical for semen quality assessment.
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[Study on the difference of binocular accommodative response between atients with intermittent exotropia under different viewing condition]. [ZHONGHUA YAN KE ZA ZHI] CHINESE JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2018; 54:55-61. [PMID: 29429288 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0412-4081.2018.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the accommodative response of patients with intermittent exotropia (IXT) objectively, and study the changes of accommodative response of intermittent exotropia patients when maintaining binocular fusion. Methods: The prospective cohort study was used in this study. Twenty-four patients diagnosed with basic intermittent exotropia who visited the eye hospital of Wenzhou Medical University during October 2016 through January 2017 together with 24 normal volunteers were included, the 48 participants aged from 10 to 27 years old. The participants were divided into the case group and the control group. There were 11 males and 13 females in the case group, and 7 males and 17 females in the control group. The Open-filed autorefractor WAM-5500 (Grand Seiko, Japan) was used to measure the accommodative response of each eye under binocular and monocular viewing conditions at 5 m and 40 cm respectively. During the measurement, patients wore full correction spectacles to achieve distant best-corrected visual acuity of both eyes. The accommodative responses of each eye under binocular and monocular viewing conditions at distance or near between fellow eyes and groups were compared. Results: Under near fixation (40cm) binocular viewing conditions, the accommodative response of the fixating eye (-1.915±0.301)D was different from the deviating eye -1.649(-2.020, -0.304)D in the case group (Z=-3.714, P<0.001). Under near fixation monocular viewing conditions, the accommodative response of the fixating eye (-1.653±0.271)D was also different from the deviating eye -1.565 (-2.031, -0.667)D in the case group (Z=-2.971, P=0.003). During binocular viewing, the asymmetric value of the accommodative response between both eyes of the case group was 0.389(0.102, 1.458)D which was more significant than the normal controls' 0.155(0.009, 0.573)D (Z=-3.505, P<0.001), but during monocular viewing, there was no significant difference between the groups (Z=-1.908, P=0.056). Under near viewing conditions, the variation value of the fixating eyes of the case group was -0.228(-0.796, 0.382)D, which was greater than the variation value -0.086(-0.606, 0.628)D of the right eye of the normal controls, such difference is of statistical significance (Z=-2.279, P=0.023). Under distance viewing conditions, there was no significant difference in the accommodative response between fixating eyes and deviating eyes in case group neither during monocular viewing nor binocular viewing (t=-1.525, -1.729, P>0.05). Besides, the asymmetric values of accommodative response between groups were not significantly different (Z=-1.433, P=0.152. Z=-0.938, P=0.348). Under distance viewing conditions, the changes in accommodative response of each eye during both monocular viewing and binocular viewing were not significantly different between case group and normal controls (Z=-0.041, P=0.967. Z=-1.433, P=0.152). Conclusions: The accommodative responses of the fixating eye and deviating eye of patients with intermittent exotropia were asymmetric under near fixation binocular viewing conditions, and the accommodative response of the deviating eye tends to decrease. Besides, the change of accommodative response of the patients with intermittent exotropia when maintaining binocular fusion is more significant than that of the normal controls. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2018, 54: 55-61).
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[Commuting mode specific exposure to PM(2.5) in urban area of Guangzhou]. ZHONGHUA LIU XING BING XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA LIUXINGBINGXUE ZAZHI 2017; 38:309-313. [PMID: 28329930 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0254-6450.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To find the differences in PM(2.5) exposure level in the context of four commuting modes (by walk, bicycle, bus and subway) in Guangzhou. Methods: The PM(2.5) exposure assessment was carried out from January to December 2015 in Guangzhou. PM(2.5) was measured by using SidePak individual dust meter (AM510, TSI Inc. USA) with time interval of 1 minute. Our measurement was taken on Monday, Wednesday, Friday and Sunday in the second week of each month and the samples were collected in the morning (07:00-09:00), afternoon (11:00-13:00) and evening (17:00-19:00). Results: A total of 284 air samples during walking, 281 air samples during bicycle riding, 278 air samples in bus, and 280 air samples in subway were collected. The median PM(2.5) concentrations exposed during walking, during bicycle riding, in bus and in subway were 38.4, 38.6, 23.3 and 24.1 μg/m(3), respectively, which were positive correlated with exposure concentration in fixed surveillance sites. The exposure level was lowest in summer, and highest in winter. The median of one-way exposure level to PM(2.5) from high to low were as follows: 21.0 μg for bicycle riding, 20.1 μg for walking, 5.1 μg for taking bus and 2.6 μg for taking subway. The season and time specific one-way exposure levels to PM(2.5) of four commuting modes were consistent. Conclusions: The exposure level to PM(2.5) was obviously higher during walking and bicycle riding than that in bus and subway. The exposure level to PM(2.5) during walking was higher than that during bicycle riding, in bus and in subway.
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Increased Risk of Bullous Pemphigoid after First-Ever Stroke: A Population-Based Study. NEURODEGENER DIS 2017; 17:166-170. [PMID: 28467996 DOI: 10.1159/000469710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We hypothesize that autoantibodies are induced after the blood-brain barrier is damaged by stroke and the risk of bullous pemphigoid (BP) is increased after stroke. We assess the risk of BP after first-ever stroke in a nationwide population-based cohort of first-ever stroke patients. METHODS We extracted data from the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database 2005 and identified patients with first-ever stroke as well as control patients matched for age, gender, and year of enrollment. The risk of BP in first-ever stroke patients in comparison with that in control patients was analyzed using Cox regression. RESULTS Of 12,607 patients with first-ever stroke, 38 (0.3%) patients developed BP in a median of 3.5 years. In the control patients, 8 persons (0.06%) had BP in a median of 3.7 years. The crude hazard ratio (HR) of BP in first-ever stroke patients was 4.83 (95% CI 2.25-10.34, p < 0.001) compared to the control group. The adjusted HR was 4.20 (95% CI 1.94-9.08, p < 0.001) after adjustments for age, gender, hypertension, diabetes, dementia, epilepsy, Parkinson disease, furosemide, and neuroleptics for stroke patients. CONCLUSIONS The risk of BP is increased in first-ever stroke patients in a nationwide population-based cohort and this association is independent of well-known confounders of BP.
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[Lagged effects of diurnal temperature range on mortality in 66 cities in China: a time-series study]. ZHONGHUA LIU XING BING XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA LIUXINGBINGXUE ZAZHI 2017; 38:290-296. [PMID: 28329927 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0254-6450.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To estimate the effect of daily diurnal temperature range (DTR) on mortality in different areas in China. Methods: A time series study using the data collected from 66 areas in China was conducted, and Meta-analysis was used to analyze the estimates of associations between DTR and daily mortality. Modifying effects of extremely low and high DTR-mortality relationship by season and socioeconomic status (SES) were also evaluated respectively. Cumulative excess risk (CER) was used as an index to evaluate the effects. Results: The information about 1 260 913 registered deaths were collected between 1 January 2006 and 31 December 2011, we found the relationship between extreme DTR and mortality was non-linear in all regions and the exposure-response curve was J-shaped. In central and south areas of China, the result indicated the obvious acute effect of extremely high DTR, and the mortality effect in central area (CER=5.1%, 95% CI: 2.4%-7.9%) was significant higher than that in south area (CER=4.5%, 95% CI: 1.7%-7.3%). Regarding to the modification of seasons, the cumulative mortality effect of DTR in cold season (CER=5.8%, 95%CI: 2.5%-9.2%) was higher than that in hot season (CER=3.1%, 95%CI: 1.1%-5.1%). Generally, deaths among the elderly (≥75 years) were associated more strongly with extremely high DTR. Conclusions: The mortality effects of extremely DTR in different areas and seasons showed different characteristics, that in central area and in cold season it was significantly stronger. After modified by season and SES, DTRs were the greatest threat to vulnerable population, especially to the elderly (≥75 years). Therefore, more attention should be paid to vulnerable groups and protection measures should be taken according to the local and seasonal conditions.
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Risk of parkinsonism induced by flunarizine or cinnarizine: a population-based study. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2016; 73:365-371. [DOI: 10.1007/s00228-016-2181-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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[Effectiveness of health education about heat wave hazard prevention in the elderly: a mixed effect model analysis]. ZHONGHUA LIU XING BING XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA LIUXINGBINGXUE ZAZHI 2016; 37:1228-1232. [PMID: 27655568 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0254-6450.2016.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of health education about prevention of heat wave hazard in the elderly. Methods: A non-randomized controlled trial was conducted during the summer of 2015 among a sample of residents aged ≥60 years in Panyu district, Guangzhou. Eight intervention measures for heat wave hazard prevention were taken in intervention group for 3 months (from August to October) and in control group no intervention measures were taken. The comparison of intervention effects was conducted between the intervention group and control group with mixed effect model after the collection of related information with same questionnaire. Results: After adjusting of family per capita income, family air-condition availability, alcohol use, disease history and time, the average score of risk awareness in the intervention group increased by 1.62, while it was 0.51 in the control group, the difference was significant (t=2.76, P=0.006). A significant effect was observed in the intervention group on the reduction of hospitalizations due to chronic diseases. The hospitalization rate due to chronic diseases in resent 3 months in the intervention group decreased from 32.39% (46/142) before intervention to 28.87% (41/142) after intervention; while in the control group, it increased from 26.28% (41/156) before intervention to 36.53% (57/156) after intervention. There was no significant difference between the two groups in awareness of knowledge on heat wave hazard prevention and the score of adaptation to heat wave. Conclusion: Health education programs could improve the risk awareness on heat waves, and reduce the hospitalizations due to chronic diseases in the elderly.
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The use of proton pump inhibitors decreases the risk of diabetes mellitus in patients with upper gastrointestinal disease: A population-based retrospective cohort study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e4195. [PMID: 27428221 PMCID: PMC4956815 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000004195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) on the risk of diabetes mellitus (DM) among patients with upper gastrointestinal disease (UGID). METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study with a follow-up period of 5 years. We identified 388,098 patients who were diagnosed with UGID between 2000 and 2006 from the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database of the Taiwan National Health Insurance program. We used Cox proportional hazard ratio (HR) to compare the risk of DM between UGID patients received PPIs and those did not receive PPIs. HRs were adjusted for possible confounders, including age, sex, hypertension, gout and/or hyperuricemia, coronary artery disease, stroke, pancreatitis, hyperlipidemia, obesity, H2-blocker use, and clozapine or olanzapine use. The dose-related effects of PPIs on the risk of DM were evaluated according to the defined daily dose (DDD). RESULTS The adjusted HR was 0.80 (95% CI, 0.73-0.88) for the study group (UGID patients with PPIs) compared with comparison group I (UGID patients without PPIs). Among patients who used PPIs, those older than 60 years of age had a lower risk of DM (HR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.63-0.83) than those younger than 40 years. Additionally, the effect of PPIs was significantly dose-dependent (P for trend <0.001). Patients with UGID who received >540 DDDs of PPIs exhibited the greatest reduction in the risk of DM. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated a decreased risk of DM in UGID patients who used PPIs; the risk appeared to be significantly dose-dependent.
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Hes1 Increases the Invasion Ability of Colorectal Cancer Cells via the STAT3-MMP14 Pathway. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144322. [PMID: 26650241 PMCID: PMC4674118 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Notch pathway contributes to self-renewal of tumor-initiating cell and inhibition of normal colonic epithelial cell differentiation. Deregulated expression of Notch1 and Jagged1 is observed in colorectal cancer. Hairy/enhancer of split (HES) family, the most characterized targets of Notch, involved in the development of many cancers. In this study, we explored the role of Hes1 in the tumorigenesis of colorectal cancer. Knocking down Hes1 induced CRC cell senescence and decreased the invasion ability, whereas over-expression of Hes1 increased STAT3 phosphorylation activity and up-regulated MMP14 protein level. We further explored the expression of Hes1 in human colorectal cancer and found high Hes1 mRNA expression is associated with poor prognosis in CRC patients. These findings suggest that Hes1 regulates the invasion ability through the STAT3-MMP14 pathway in CRC cells and high Hes1 expression is a predictor of poor prognosis of CRC.
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Properties and fuel cell applications of polybenzimidazole and ethyl phosphoric acid grafted polybenzimidazole blend membranes. J Memb Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2015.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Topiramate may not increase risk of urolithiasis: A nationwide population-based cohort study. Seizure 2015; 29:86-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2015.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Risk of cancer among HIV-infected patients from a population-based nested case-control study: implications for cancer prevention. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:133. [PMID: 25885746 PMCID: PMC4369071 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1099-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The burden of cancer is likely to increase among the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive population as it ages due to successful antiretroviral therapy (ART). The purpose of this study was to determine the risk of cancer in HIV-infected patients. Methods This study was a matched nested case–control study. It was performed using the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan. The control group included non–HIV-infected patients matched by sex, age, and year of enrollment. Logistic regression analyses were performed and simultaneously adjusted for potential confounders (income, urbanization, and Charslon index of comorbidity to evaluate HIV infection as an independent risk of cancer. We calculated the overall and sex-specific standardized incidence ratios (SIR) to investigate the pattern of cancer risk and overall cancer risk in the patients with HIV infection. Results Of the 1,115 HIV-infected patients, 104 (9.33%) developed cancer during the 11-year follow-up period. The risk of cancer for patients with HIV infection was significant (adjusted odds ratio = 3.89, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.92–5.19) after adjustment for potential confounders. There was a significantly increased risk of developing non-Hodgkin lymphoma (SIR = 25.73, 95% CI = 6.83-90.85), cervical cancer (SIR = 4.01, 95% CI = 1.0-16.06), lymphoma (SIR = 20.26, 95% CI = 5.86-70.10), and respiratory and intrathoracic cancer (SIR = 20.09, 95% CI = 2.34-172.09) compared with the control group. In addition, HIV-infected patients were at significant risk for renal, oral, breast, liver, skin, and colorectal cancer. Conclusions Patients with HIV infection are at increased risk for several specific cancers. Our results support the implementation of an active and accelerated cancer screening schedule for patients with HIV infection to increase their life span.
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Nafion/poly(vinyl alcohol) nano-fiber composite and Nafion/poly(vinyl alcohol) blend membranes for direct methanol fuel cells. J Memb Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2013.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Outcome of nonadherence to antimicrobial treatment guidelines in ambulatory patients with acute cystitis: a nationwide population-based study. Intern Med 2014; 53:1933-9. [PMID: 25175125 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.53.1308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The recurrence rate after acute cystitis treatment failure with inappropriate antimicrobials remains unclear. The goal of this study was to explore the relationship between cystitis recurrence and nonadherence of antimicrobial prescriptions to national guidelines using a nationwide population-based data set. METHODS This was a retrospective longitudinal observational cohort study that was conducted using the clinical records of the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan from 2006-2007. After excluding patients younger than 18 years of age, with concurrent infections, urinary tract anomaly, and no antimicrobial treatment, the remaining study population included 36,395 patients with acute cystitis. We evaluated the hazard ratio (HR) of cystitis recurrence within 28 days between the adherence and nonadherence groups using Cox proportional hazard regression analysis. RESULTS Adherence to antimicrobial prescription guidelines was the factor that most strongly influenced acute cystitis recurrence, with a HR of 0.91 (95% confidence interval 0.87-0.95) after adjusting for all variables. The incidence rate of acute cystitis in patients receiving antimicrobials adherent to national guidelines was 59.78 per 10,000 person-days. The results of the likelihood ratio test indicated that age, sex, and guideline nonadherence were significant risk factors for recurrent cystitis. The percentage of first-generation cephalosporin prescription was 31.61%, making it the most frequently prescribed guideline-recommended drug. CONCLUSION Acute cystitis patients with or without multiple chronic comorbidities should be treated with antimicrobials that adhere to recommended guidelines to attain a better therapeutic outcome.
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Proton pump inhibitor usage and the associated risk of pneumonia in patients with chronic kidney disease. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2013; 48:390-6. [PMID: 24291618 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2013.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Revised: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a serious medical problem and public health issue in Taiwan. Gastrointestinal symptoms frequently occur in patients with CKD, and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) have therapeutic indications for gastrointestinal disorders involving excessive acid production. However, PPIs may also increase the risk of developing pneumonia through acute and irreversible gastric acid suppression. This study aimed to characterize differences in the risk of pneumonia in patients with CKD who use PPIs. METHODS This population-based case-control cohort study in Taiwan collected data from the Taiwan Health Insurance Research Database. Cases studied consisted of all patients in the database with an initial diagnosis of CKD during the 5-year period from 1997 to 2002. Each patient with CKD who used PPIs during this 5-year period was tracked to identify the occurrence of any type of pneumonia. We estimated the adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) by using multiple logistic regression analysis. RESULTS The adjusted HR of the risk of pneumonia for patients with CKD using PPIs was 2.21 (95% CI = 1.59-3.07, p < 0.001). The risk of pneumonia was found to be positively associated with administration of PPIs. We observed a greater risk of pneumonia in patients with CKD using PPIs than in patients not using PPIs. CONCLUSION Results of this study suggest that use of PPIs in CKD patients may be associated with increasing the risk of pneumonia. Physicians should exercise caution while prescribing PPIs for patients with CKD.
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Effects of metformin dose on cancer risk reduction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a 6-year follow-up study. Pharmacotherapy 2013; 34:36-45. [PMID: 23864581 DOI: 10.1002/phar.1334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE To explore the effects of metformin dose on cancer risk reduction in patients with type 2 diabetes. DESIGN Population-based cohort study. DATA SOURCE National Health Insurance program Longitudinal Health Insurance Database. PATIENTS A total of 65,754 age- and gender-matched patients without diabetes and no previous cancer diagnosis were extracted from the database. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS We compared cancer risk among the subjects who had no diabetes, had type 2 diabetes but were not on diabetes drugs, used metformin only, used antidiabetic drugs other than metformin, or used metformin in combination with other antidiabetic drugs. Our results revealed dose-dependent effects of metformin on cancer risk and cancer onset times. A significant decrease in cancer risk was found in the monotherapy group who received more than 360 defined daily doses (DDDs) of metformin (hazard ratio [HR] 0.40, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.24-0.66). The greatest decrease in cancer risk was observed in patients who took more than 1080 DDDs (HR 0.27, 95% CI 0.09-0.84). Significantly greater dose-dependent effects were seen in patients who used metformin in combination with other antidiabetic drugs. CONCLUSION The magnitude of cancer risk reduction and prolonged cancer onset times produced by metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes depended on the dose of metformin, regardless of whether metformin was used alone or combined with other antidiabetic drugs.
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Folate intake and pancreatic cancer risk: an overall and dose-response meta-analysis. Public Health 2013; 127:607-13. [PMID: 23769243 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2013.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Revised: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Inconsistent findings of association between supplemental folate consumption and pancreatic cancer risk have been observed in the literature. This study aims to summarize the relationship between folate intake and risk of pancreatic cancer. STUDY DESIGN Pertinent studies published before November 2011 were identified by searching PubMed and Embase and by reviewing the reference lists of retrieved articles. The summary relative risks were estimated by the random effects model. A linear regression analysis of the natural logarithm of the relative risk (RR) was carried out to assess a possible dose-response relationship between folate intake and pancreatic cancer risk. RESULTS Ten studies on dietary and supplemental folate intake and pancreatic cancer (4 case-control and 6 cohort studies) were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled RRs of pancreatic cancer for the highest vs lowest categories of dietary folate intake and supplemental folate intake were 0.66 (95% CI: 0.49-0.88) and 1.08 (95% CI, 0.82-1.41), respectively. The dose-response meta-analysis indicated that a 100 μg/day increment in dietary folate intake conferred a RR of 0.93 (95% CI: 0.90-0.97). These findings support the hypothesis that dietary folate may play a protective role in carcinogenesis of pancreatic cancer.
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Use of immunomagnetic reduction for C-reactive protein assay in clinical samples. Int J Nanomedicine 2012; 7:4335-40. [PMID: 22915855 PMCID: PMC3419507 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s31030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Magnetic nanoparticles biofunctionalized with antibodies are able to recognize and bind to the corresponding antigens. In this work, anti-C-reactive protein (CRP) antibody was covalently conjugated onto the surface of magnetic nanoparticles to label CRP specifically in serum. METHODS The level of serum CRP was detected by immunomagnetic reduction (IMR) assay, which identifies the changes in the magnetic signal representing the level of interaction between antibody-conjugated magnetic nanoparticles and CRP proteins. To investigate the feasibility of IMR for clinical application, pure CRP solutions and 40 human serum samples were tested for IMR detection of CRP to characterize sensitivity, specificity, and interference. RESULTS In comparison with the immunoturbidimetry assay, the results of the IMR assay indicated higher sensitivity and had a high correlation with those of the current immunoturbidimetry assay. CONCLUSION We have developed a novel and promising way to assay CRP in human serum using immunomagnetic reduction in clinical diagnosis.
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Structures of Membrane Electrode Assembly Catalyst Layers for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.2174/1876973x01205010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we modify the conventional 5-layer membrane electrode assembly (MEA, in which a proton
exchange membrane (PEM) is located at its center, two Pt-C-40 (Pt on carbon powder support, Pt content 40 wt.%)
catalyst layers (CLs) are located on the surfaces of the both sides of the PEM and two gas diffusion layers (GDLs) are
attached next on the outer surfaces of two Pt-C-40 layers) and propose 7-layer and 9-layer MEAs by coating thin Pt-black
CLs at the interfaces between the Pt-C-40 layer and the GDL and between the PEM and the Pt-C-40 layer and reducing
the Pt-C-40 loading. The reduced Pt loading quantity of the Pt-C-40 layer is equal to the increased Pt loading quantity of
the Pt-black layer, thus the total amount of Pt loadings in the unmodified conventional MEA and the modified MEAs are
at a fixed Pt loading quantity. These modified MEAs may complicate the manufacture process. The main advantage of
these 7- and 9-layer MEAs is the thinner CL thickness and thus lower CL proton transport resistance. Because of the thin
Pt-black layer thickness in MEA, we avoid agglomeration of the Pt-black particles and maintain high Pt catalytic activity.
We show these new CL structure MEAs have better fuel cells performance than the conventional 5-layer MEA.
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Polybenzimidazole/poly(tetrafluoro ethylene) composite membranes for high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-012-9875-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Polybenzimidazole and butylsulfonate grafted polybenzimidazole blends for proton exchange membrane fuel cells. J Memb Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2011.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Generation of transgenic chicks using an oviduct-specific expression system. GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH 2011; 10:3046-55. [PMID: 22180038 DOI: 10.4238/2011.december.8.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
We successfully replaced the ovalbumin gene of a magnum region in chickens with a human plasminogen activator. We constructed pL-eGFP, pL-tPAGFP and pL-2.8OVtPAGFP vectors and cultured 293FT chicken embryo fibroblasts, chicken primordial germ cells, Hela C127 cells, and oviduct epithelial cells. All vectors were expressed in the transfected cells, except pL-2.8OVtPAGFP vector, which was only expressed in oviduct epithelial cells. A lentivirus with pL-2.8OVtPAGFP was injected in fertilized eggs; 11 chicks hatched in the G₀ generation, four of them carried the tPAGFP. Two cockerels from the G₀ generation were crossed with four wild-type hens. Three chicks in G₁ carried the tPAGFP. We concluded that by using an oviduct-specific vector for transfection, human recombinant plasminogen activator protein can be expressed in the oviducts of laying hens. This character is inherited and can be reproduced with a need for repeated transfection.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Previous studies have suggested that hepatic (toxic-metabolic) encephalopathy, the major complication of cirrhosis, is a neuropsychiatric disorder typically seen in patients with liver dysfunction after exclusion of other known brain disease. This study aims to investigate the risk for parkinsonism during a 7-year follow-up period after a diagnosis of cirrhosis. METHODS In total, 1361 patients with cirrhosis and 6805 comparison patients without cirrhosis were included in this study. Each patient was then individually tracked for 7 years from the time of their initial diagnosis of cirrhosis to identify those who developed parkinsonism during the follow-up period. Stratified Cox proportional hazard regressions were conducted to calculate the hazard of parkinsonism for the two groups during the follow-up period, after adjusting for patient's age, monthly income, level of urbanization and geographic location. RESULTS Of the total 8166 sampled patients, 141 (1.7%) developed parkinsonism during the follow-up period, 48 from the study group (3.5% of the patients with cirrhosis) and 93 from the comparison group (1.4% of patients in the comparison group). Stratified Cox proportional hazard regressions show that the hazard for parkinsonism for patients with cirrhosis was 2.65 times as high (95% confidence interval=1.85-3.80, P<0.001) as the patients in the comparison group over the 7-year follow-up period, after adjusting for patient's age, monthly income, level of urbanization and the geographic location of the community in which the patient resided. CONCLUSIONS We concluded that cirrhosis significantly increased the risk of parkinsonism.
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Abstract
The poly(benzimidazole) (PBI)/ poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) composite membrane was prepared by
impregnating a porous PTFE thin film in a PBI solution N,N’-dimethyl acetamide (DMAc) solution mixed with LiCl.
LiCl was used as a stabilizer to avoid aggregations of PBI molecules in the DMAc solutions. In this paper, we report a 2
mg/ml PBI/ DMAc/ LiCl solution with a [LiCl]/[BI] molar ratio of ~8.0 (i.e. the LiCl/PBI is ~ 1.1 in wt ratio, where [BI]
is the concentration of benzimidazole repeat unit in the solution) has a lowest PBI polymer aggregations and thus a lowest
solutions viscosity. The PBI membrane and PBI/PTFE composite membrane prepared from the PBI/DMAc/LiCl solution
with a [LiCl]/[BI] molar ratio of ~8.0 were used to dop H3PO4 and prepare membrane electrode assemblies (MEA). The
unit cell performances of these MEAs were carried out at 150oC. Owing to the high mechanical strength of porous PTFE,
the thickness of PBI/H3PO4-PTFE composite membrane is allowed to be lower than that of a PBI/H3PO4 membrane. The
lower thickness of PBI/H3PO4-PTFE membrane than that of PBI/H3PO4 membrane results in a lower resistance of
PBI/H3PO4-PTFE than PBI/H3PO4. Thus the MEA prepared from PBI/H3PO4-PTFE has a better fuel cell performance
than that prepared from PBI.
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Affect of Seizures During Gestation on Pregnancy Outcomes in Women With Epilepsy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 66:979-84. [DOI: 10.1001/archneurol.2009.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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No increase in adverse pregnancy outcomes for women receiving antiepileptic drugs. J Neurol 2009; 256:1742-9. [PMID: 19565177 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-009-5222-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2009] [Revised: 06/11/2009] [Accepted: 06/15/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were (1) to investigate the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes among the epileptic and general populations, including small for gestational age (SGA), low birth weight (LBW) and preterm delivery, using two large-scale nationwide population-based databases, and (2) to compare the risk of these adverse pregnancy outcomes between epileptic women who did and who did not receive antiepileptic drug (AED) treatment during pregnancy. This study used two national datasets: the National Health Insurance Research Dataset and birth certificate registry. We identified a total of 1,182 women who gave birth from 2001 to 2003 in Taiwan who had been diagnosed with epilepsy within the 2 years preceding the index delivery, together with 5,910 matched women as a comparison cohort. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed for estimation of risk. We found that approximately 14% of women with epilepsy received AED treatment during gestation. The adjusted odds of LBW, preterm births and SGA for epileptic women not receiving AED treatment during pregnancy were 1.31 (95% CI, 1.02-1.68), 1.35 (95% CI, 1.07-1.71) and 1.23 (95% CI, 1.03-1.46) times that of women without epilepsy, respectively. In contrast, no significant difference in the risk of LBW infants, preterm births and SGA babies was observed between epileptic mothers receiving AED treatment during pregnancy and women without epilepsy. Our study documents an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes for epileptic women who do not receive AED treatment during pregnancy, but none for epileptic women who do receive treatment.
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Does multiple sclerosis increase risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes? A population-based study. Mult Scler 2009; 15:606-12. [DOI: 10.1177/1352458508101937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective To determine whether maternal multiple sclerosis (MS) is associated with increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes in an East Asian country by using a nationwide population-based dataset. Method This study linked two nationwide population-based datasets, the birth certificate registry and the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Dataset. We identified a total of 174 women who gave birth from 2001 to 2003, who were diagnosed with MS within the 2 years preceding the index deliveries, together with 1,392 matched women without chronic disease as a comparison cohort. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed for estimation. Results We found that compared with healthy mothers, MS was independently associated with a 2.25-fold risk of preterm birth (95% CI = 1.37–3.70) and a 1.89-fold (95% CI = 1.30–2.76) higher risk of babies small for gestational age, after adjusting for family income and maternal, paternal, and infant characteristics. Mothers with MS were also more likely to have cesarean deliveries. Conclusion Our study documents increased the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes for mothers with MS, highlighting a need for more intensive monitoring and obstetric care during pregnancy. Future studies should explore the distinct manifestations and mechanisms of MS in diverse ethnic groups, so more complete information can be provided to affected women concerning pregnancy.
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Electrospin of polysulfone in N,N’-dimethyl acetamide solutions. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-008-9266-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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An Algebraic Model of Liquid Feed Direct Methanol Fuel Cell with Co-Current Channel Flow. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN 2009. [DOI: 10.1252/jcej.08we238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Nafion/PTFE and zirconium phosphate modified Nafion/PTFE composite membranes for direct methanol fuel cells. J Memb Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2007.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Biological treatment of thin-film transistor liquid crystal display (TFT-LCD) wastewater. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2008; 58:1001-1006. [PMID: 18824797 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2008.465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The amount of pollutants produced during manufacturing processes of TFT-LCD (thin-film transistor liquid crystal display) substantially increases due to an increasing production of the opto-electronic industry in Taiwan. The total amount of wastewater from TFT-LCD manufacturing plants is expected to exceed 200,000 CMD in the near future. Typically, organic solvents used in TFT-LCD manufacturing processes account for more than 33% of the total TFT-LCD wastewater. The main components of these organic solvents are composed of the stripper (dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) and monoethanolamine (MEA)), developer (tetra-methyl ammonium hydroxide (TMAH)) and chelating agents. These compounds are recognized as non-or slow-biodegradable organic compounds and little information is available regarding their biological treatability. In this study, the performance of an A/O SBR (anoxic/oxic sequencing batch reactor) treating synthetic TFT-LCD wastewater was evaluated. The long-term experimental results indicated that the A/O SBR was able to achieve stable and satisfactory removal performance for DMSO, MEA and TMAH at influent concentrations of 430, 800, and 190 mg/L, respectively. The removal efficiencies for all three compounds examined were more than 99%. In addition, batch tests were conducted to study the degradation kinetics of DMSO, MEA, and TMAH under aerobic, anoxic, and anaerobic conditions, respectively. The organic substrate of batch tests conducted included 400 mg/L of DMSO, 250 mg/L of MEA, and 120 mg/L of TMAH. For DMSO, specific DMSO degradation rates under aerobic and anoxic conditions were both lower than 4 mg DMSO/g VSS-hr. Under anaerobic conditions, the specific DMSO degradation rate was estimated to be 14 mg DMSO/g VSS-hr, which was much higher than those obtained under aerobic and anoxic conditions. The optimum specific MEA and TMAH degradation rates were obtained under aerobic conditions with values of 26.5 mg MEA/g VSS-hr and 17.3 mg TMAH/g VSS-hr, respectively. Compared to aerobic conditions, anaerobic biodegradation of MEA and TMAH was much less significant with values of 5.6 mg MEA/g VSS-hr and 0 mg TMAH/g VSS-hr, respectively. In summary, biological treatment of TFT-LCD wastewater containing DMSO, MEA, and TMAH is feasible, but appropriate conditions for optimum biodegradation of DMSO, MEA, and TMAH are crucial and require carefully operational consideration.
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