Connaissances, attitudes et des pratiques des professionnels de santé vis-à-vis de la vaccination contre la COVID-19

Introduction

Devant la pandémie mondiale de COVID-19, un des seuls espoirs réside dans le développement d'un vaccin efficace. Les professionnels de santé (PDS) étant les plus exposés à cette maladie, ils sont les premiers à se faire vacciner. Cependant, la perception des PDS de ce vaccin n'était pas suffisamment évaluée. L'objectif de cette étude était d'étudier les connaissances, les attitudes et les pratiques face à la vaccination anti-COVID-19 chez les PDS.

Matériels et méthodes

Il s'agissait d'une étude observationnelle transversale ayant inclus un échantillon représentatif randomisé de 300 professionnels de santé dans un CHU durant la période de Mars-Avril 2021. Des scores préétablis sur 100 étaient utilisés pour évaluer les connaissances, les attitudes et les pratiques des PDS.

Résultats

Au total, 223 PDS étaient des femmes (74,3 %). L'âge moyen était de 29,5 ans ± 8,26. Selon la profession, 178 PDS étaient des médecins (59,3 %). Les valeurs moyennes /100 des scores des connaissances, des attitudes et des pratiques étaient de 54,32 ± 11,37, 83,34 ± 13,18 et de 75,91 ± 11,95, respectivement.

L'analyse multivariée par régression linéaire a révélé que les facteurs indépendants associés à la connaissance étaient la profession médicale (β=0,25 ; p<0,001) et le contact direct avec des patients testés COVID-19 positifs (β=0,136 ; p=0,015).

Pour les attitudes, l'urbanité de la résidence (β=(0,13) ; p=0,022), la profession médicale (β=0,29 ; p<0,001), le statut marié (β=0,12 ; p=0,025) et l'infection antérieure par la COVID-19 (β=(-0,14) ; p<0,001) étaient indépendamment assoicés au score de l'attitude.

L'ancienneté > 20 ans (β=0,152 ; p=0,008), le contact direct avec des patients testés positifs (β=0,112 ; p=0,049) ainsi que la profession médicale (β=0,165 ; p=0,004) étaient des facteurs indépendants prédictifs des pratiques vis-à vis la vaccination antiCOVID.

Conclusion

En dépit d'un score relativement faible des connaissances vis-à-vis de la vaccination anti-COVID, des scores élevés des attitudes et des pratiques étaient observés chez les PDS. Cette variabilité était expliquée par des facteurs socio-démographiques et professionnels qui incitaient cette population exposée constamment au risque professionnel d'infection à la vaccination afin d'assurer des soins sécurisés.

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Diabetes screening among School Teachers: Exploring the Ignored Dimension of School Health Program

Introduction

The rising prevalence of diabetes is a serious public health concern globally, with its complications and associated health expenditures. The school teachers have chronic stress, predisposing them to many chronic diseases. The aim of this survey was to assess the prevalence and the predisposing factors influencing diabetes among secondary school teachers.

Methods

A cross-sectional analytical study was carried out on a three-stage randomized sample of 258 secondary school teachers of 12 public schools on march 2021. A self-administered and pretested questionnaire was performed to assess sociodemographic characteristics and a Glucometer using glucose sticks was used to measure fasting blood sugar level. Diabetes and pre-diabetes were defined according to the International Diabetes Federation.

Results

Overall, 136 participants were females (52.7%) giving a male to female ratio of 0.9. The median age was 49 years (Interquartile range (IQR) = [43-53]). Of all teachers, 228 cases (88.4%) were married, 190 cases (73.6%) were from urban areas and 63 cases (24.4%) had a chronic disease. There were 29 (11.2%) active smokers. We noted that 23 participants were diabetics, giving a prevalence of fortuitous discovery diabetes of 8.9%. The prevalence of pre-diabetes was 10.5%. In multivariate logistic regression, higher prevalence of diabetes was independently associated with daily consumption of coffee (Adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=1.8; p = 0.048); frequently pasta consumption (&gt;3 times/week) (AOR=1.8; p = 0.012); family history of diabetes (AOR=2.5; p = 0.032), work seniority &gt;30 years (AOR= 2.2; p = 0.041) and higher body mass index (AOR=3.2; p = 0.02)

Conclusions

Our study results indicated that the prevalence of diabetes was relatively high among school teachers, addressing the urgent need for adopting healthy lifestyle. The School health program can be utilized as an effective tool to screen non-communicable diseases and to strengthen primary preventive care in school.

Key messages

Diabetes screening and associated factors. School teachers.

Effect of the chitin binding domain deletion from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki chitinase Chi255 on its stability in Escherichia coli

Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki BUPM255 secretes a chitobiosidase Chi255 having an expected molecular weight of 70.665 kDa. When the corresponding gene, chi255, was expressed in E. coli, the active form, extracted from the periplasmic fraction of E. coli/pBADchi255, was of about 54 kDa, which suggested that Chi255 was excessively degraded by the action of E. coli proteases. Therefore, in vitro progressive C-terminal Chi255 deleted derivatives were constructed in order to study their stability and their activity in E. coli. Interestingly, when the chitin binding domain (CBD) was deleted from Chi255, an active form (Chi2555Delta5) of expected size of about 60 kDa was extracted from the E. coli periplasmic fraction, without the observation of any proteolytic degradation. Compared to Chi255, Chi255Delta5 exhibited a higher chitinase activity on colloidal chitin. Both of the enzymes exhibit activities at broad pH and temperature ranges with maximal enzyme activities at pH 5 and pH 6 and at temperatures 50 degrees C and 40 degrees C, respectively for Chi255 and Chi255Delta5. Thus, it was concluded that the C-terminal deletion of Chi255 CBD might be a nice tool for avoiding the excessive chitinase degradation, observed in the native chitinase, and for improving its activity.