BMI and TLC increase Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Response in Patients with Locally Advanced Breast Cancer

Anthracycline-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy is the recommended therapy for locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) patients. Unfortunately, no study has reported the relationship between body mass index (BMI), total lymphocyte count (TLC), and responses to this type of chemotherapy. This study aimed to determine the relationship between BMI, TLC, and response to doxorubicin/epirubicin neoadjuvant chemotherapy in LABC patients. A retrospective cohort design was applied to medical records of LABC patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy at Ulin General Hospital Banjarmasin, Indonesia, from July to December 2021. BMI and TLC data were assessed based on the values before chemotherapy, while the chemotherapy response was measured using the RECIST 1.1 criteria after 3 cycles. Multinomial logistic regression test with 95% confidence level was used to analyze these data. The results showed that as many as 71% of patients experienced a Partial Response (PR), while 5% and 23% of the patients demonstrated Stable Disease (SD) and Progressive Disease (PD), respectively. Each increase in BMI of 1 kg/m2 was significantly associated with an increase in the occurrence of PR and PD by 1.26 times and 1.29 times, respectively, when compared to the occurrence of PD. Meanwhile, an increase in TLC of 100 cells/mm3 was associated with an increase in the occurrence of PR by 6.83 times and an increase in the occurrence of SD. of 6.94 when compared to the occurrence of PD. Therefore, there is a significant relationship between BMI, TLC, and response to anthracycline-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy in LABC patients

Scanning Electron Microscopy of Glucose-Induced Cataract Treated with Garcinia mangostana Linn Pericarp Extract

The elderly is susceptible to infection due to immunosenescence causing high cases of infection with significant deaths due to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Many studies have examined inflammatory parameters as predictors of the outcome of COVID-19 cases, but there has been no comparison of the values of these parameters between the elderly and adult groups. This study aims to explain the relationship between inflammatory parameter values in the elderly group compared to the adult group with the outcome of confirmed COVID-19 patients treated at Ulin Hospital Banjarmasin. An analytical observational cross-sectional design study with the samples was patients with examined Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), Platelet-Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR), Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR), and C-reactive protein (CRP) when admitted to the COVID-19 isolation room at Ulin Banjarmasin Hospital and was divided into elderly and adult groups. A bivariate correlation test was conducted to assess the relationship between each parameter and continued by finding the cut-off value using the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve. Odds Ratio (OR) is sought to find out how much the outcome risk prediction is based on the cut-off value. The relative coefficients of NLR, PLR, CRP, and ESR in the elderly group of 1147 subjects were 0.304; 0.119; 0.378; and 0.071. While the cut-off value of NLR, PLR, CRP, and ESR for the elderly group is 6.77; 257.5; 95.65, and 53.4. Outcomes prediction of the confirmed COVID-19 patients in the elderly group from the most significant are CRP, NLR, and PLR. Meanwhile, ESRs are statistically insignificant. The results showed that there are differences in inflammatory parameter values between the elderly and adult groups to predict the outcome of COVID-19 cases.

An increase in inflammatory cells related to the increase incidence of colitis and colorectal cancer

Background: Inflammation plays an important role in colorectal cancer formation, where colitis inflammatory cells can trigger the production of free radicals that interact with genes in carcinogenesis. Meanwhile, the colonic mucosal epithelium contains goblet cells that function to prevent inflammation. This study aims to examine the correlation between the number of goblet and inflammatory cells in the colon of patients with colorectal cancer, colitis, and healthy colon and their relationship with the incidence of colorectal cancer and colitis. Methods: Histopathological samples consisting of 30 healthy colons, 30 colons with colitis, and 31 colons with colorectal cancer were examined to obtain the average cell number in 10 or the entire field of view using a light microscope with 400 magnification. Using the Pearson correlation test and Multivariate Multinomial Logistic Regression, these samples were analyzed with SPSS version 26 for Windows. Results: Consequently, the results showed a weak but insignificant negative correlation between the number of goblet and inflammatory cells in the colon with colorectal cancer (r2=0.055; p=0.200), colitis (r2 = 0.002, p = 0.833), and healthy colon (r2 = 0.110, p = 0.073). The number of inflammatory cells is significantly associated with the incidence of colorectal cancer (OR=1.326; 95%CI=1.155-1.521; p=0.000) and colitis (OR=1.374; 95%CI=1.192-1.583; p=0.000) compared to normal colon. Conclusion: An increase in inflammatory cells is significantly associated with the incidence of colorectal cancer and colitis.

THE EFFECT OF LONG EXPOSURE OF UV RADIATION ON ERYTHEMA AND MELANIN INDEX

UV radiation are divided into 3, namely UV A (400 – 315 nm), UV B (315-280 nm), UV C (280 – 100 nm). UV C radiation have the greatest effect on skin damage compared to UV A and UV B. UV radiation can reach the earth's surface, that can cause burning of the skin with signs such as redness of the skin (erythema), pain, blistering and peeling of the skin. Until now there has been no research on the effect of long exposure of UV C radiation on the erythema and melanin index, so aim this research is know about the effect of long exposure of UV C radiation on the erythema and melanine index. This research was conducted by giving exposure to rat that had been shaved with variations in exposure time, namely 5 minutes, 10 minutes, 15 minutes and 20 minutes. The skin that has been exposed with UV radiation will be photographed for color analysis using a chromometer. The results showed that exposure of UV radiation for 10 minutes caused the greatest increase in the melanin and erythema index

A Rare Case: Tuberculous Peritonitis, Encapsulating Peritoneal Sclerosis, and Incisional Hernia in Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis Patient

BACKGROUND: Peritonitis is the most common infectious complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD) with an estimated ratio of 1:20–30 patients per month. In addition, less than 3% cases are due to Mycobacteria, although not all are caused by Mycobacteria tuberculosis. Therefore, specific examinations are needed for proper diagnosis. Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS), another rare complication of PD, accounts for 0.7–13.6 per 1000 patients per year. CASE REPORT: A 37-year-old man undergoing PD, with complaints of intermittent abdominal pain and cloudy fluid, followed by nausea, vomiting, and constipation. Furthermore, visible protrusion was observed on the abdominal wall due to the wound from the Tenckhoff catheter insertion surgery. This is clearly comprehended as the patient sits or stands but disappears on lying down. Along with the condition, continuous ambulatory PD (CAPD) ultrafiltration ability decreases, rough defecation occurs, with a hard sensation on the lower right abdomen. Moreover, the patient had earlier suffered peritonitis for the 3rd time. The results of the dialysate fluid analysis showed a cloudy liquid coloration, as the number of cells 278, polymorphonuclear 87, mononuclear 13, Ziehl–Neelsen +1 and acid-resistant bacteria +3 staining, including GeneXpert MTB/RIF, were positive. Furthermore, abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan revealed a thick peritoneum, partly with calcification, air-filled intestinal, dilated colon with wall thickening. Furthermore, the mesentery lining the liver and intestine were observed to be dense with multiple calcifications to support an EPS. Definitive diagnosis is confirmed by laparotomy and/or laparoscopy, but CT scan provides an alternative. Subsequently, CAPD utilization is discontinued and switched to renal replacement therapy to hemodialysis twice a week due to several complications associated with PD, ranging from recurrent peritonitis, tuberculous peritonitis, EPS, and incisional hernias responsible for an ineffective PD ultrafiltration. CONCLUSION: At present, the combination of clinical symptoms, radiology, and medical pathology remains the key to diagnosing tuberculous peritonitis and EPS. Consequently, prompt and precise analysis determines a good prognosis.

Virtual Screening of the Active Components of Garcinia mangostana Linn. Potentially Inhibiting the Interaction of Advanced Glycation End-products and their Receptor

BACKGROUND: Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) is a plant that contains various secondary metabolite compounds, one of which is xanthone. Xanthone in mangosteen has a variety of beneficial biological and medical effects, one of which is an antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic agent. AIM: The aim of the study was to perform the selection of any xanthone in mangosteen pericarp that have potentially inhibit the interaction of AGEs and RAGE. METHODS: The analysis was made in silico by docking method using software Hex 8.0. The docking was done between AGEs-RAGE, also between nine active compounds of G. mangostana with RAGE. The active compounds analyzed here were including α-mangostin, β-mangostin, γ-mangostin, mangostanol, garcinone D, 1,6-Dihydroxy-3,7-dimethoxy-2-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-xanthone, gartanin, 1-isomangostin, and 3-isomangostin. Further analysis was performed to see the interactions formed between ligands with their receptors using software LigPlus+ and Discovery Studio 4.1. RESULTS: 1-isomangostin, 3-isomangostin, γ-mangostin, mangostanol, D-garcinone, and gartanin have potentially could inhibit the interaction and activity of imidazole in RAGE through a competitive binding mechanism. CONCLUSIONS: The inhibition of imidazole-RAGE activity by the mangosteen active components may inhibit the pathobiology of AGEs-RAGE axis.

Laparoscopic procedures impact on mast cell mediators, extracellular matrix and adhesion scoring system in rats

Background

Laparoscopic procedures under certain pressure have the potential to cause intra-abdominal adhesions. However, the pathomechanism of this disorder is unknown. Release of mast cell mediators due to mast cell degranulation is thought to be the cause.

Materials and methods

Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were grouped into five groups (n = 6 per group): one control group and four intervention groups to which 60 min insufflation was performed using carbon dioxide at 5, 8, 10 and 12 mmHg. Seven days after laparoscopy, we euthanized and evaluated the levels of histamine, tryptase, and chymase of peritoneal fluid, the thickness of ECM of peritoneal tissue, and intraabdominal adhesion scoring system.

Results

Histamine and tryptase levels in peritoneal fluid were significantly higher at the 10- and 12 mm Hg intervention compared to control (histamine: 0.50 ± 0.35 vs. 0.41 ± 0.41 vs. 0.04 ± 0.02 ng/mL, respectively; and tryptase: 0.69 ± 0.11 vs. 0.65 ± 0.05 vs. 0.48 ± 0.02 ng/ml respectively). The ECM was significantly thicker in the intervention groups at 10- and 12-mm Hg compared to control (71.3 [66.7–85.2] vs. 48.4 [34.5–50.3] vs. 10.25 [8.7–12.1] μm, respectively). Moreover, the intra-abdominal scoring was also significantly higher in the intervention groups at 10- and 12 mm Hg compared to control (4 [0–4] vs. 4.5 [4–5], vs. 0, respectively).

Conclusions

Laparoscopic procedures increase the release of mast cell mediators in peritoneal fluid, the thickness of ECM and intraabdominal adhesion scoring in rats, implying that it might increase the possibility of intrabdominal adhesion in humans.

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Laparoscopic procedures at specific pressures potentially cause intra-abdominal adhesion, however, its pathomechanism is still challenging to understand.

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Laparoscopic procedures increase the release of mast cell mediators in peritoneal fluid, the thickness of ECM and intraabdominal adhesion scoring in rats.

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Our findings imply that laparoscopic procedures might increase the possibility of intrabdominal adhesion in humans.

The effect of laparoscopy on mast cell degranulation and mesothelium thickness in rats

Background

Laparoscopy induces adhesion due to ischemia-reperfusion injury. However, the detail pathomechanism is poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the impact of laparoscopy on mast cell and mesothelium morphological changes in the rat.

Methods

Forty-nine males of Sprague-Dawley Rattus norvegicus were divided into four groups: a) control and b) intervention groups P1, P2, and P3 that underwent 60 min laparoscopic using carbon dioxide (CO₂) insufflation at 8, 10, and 12 mmHg groups, respectively. Serum hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and oxidative stress index (OSI) levels were determined 24 h after laparoscopy. Histopathological analyses of mast cell infiltration and degranulation and mesothelium thickness in the liver, greater omentum, mesenterium, small intestine, and peritoneum were performed 7 days after the procedure.

Results

H₂O₂, MDA, and OSI levels were significantly increased in the intervention groups compared with the control (p<0.05), while the SOD and CAT levels were decreased in the intervention groups compared with the control (p<0.05). Mast cell infiltration and degranulation were higher in the intervention groups than in control (p<0.05), while the mesothelium thickness was significantly lower in the laparoscopic groups than in control (p<0.05). Interestingly, the decrease in mesothelium thickness was strongly associated with the increase in mast cell infiltration and degranulation (p<0.01).

Conclusions

Our study shows that laparoscopy in rats increases mast cell infiltration and degranulation, which also results in and correlates with a decrease in mesothelial thickness.

Ekstrak ikan haruan (Channa striata) meningkatkan jumlah neokapiler pada penyembuhan luka (Extract of haruan (Channa striata) increases neocapillaries count in wound healing process )

Haruan is Kalimantan’s indigenous fish which has the potency to accelerate wound healing. Haruan extract hassubstantial properties such as albumin, Zn,Cu, and Feto accelerate wound healing. The purpose of this study is to assessthe effect of haruan extract on wistar rats buccal mucosa wound healing on day 1, 3, 5, and 7 histopathologically. Thisstudy was purely experimental with pretest-posttest with control group design. Samples were divided into 4 treatmentgroups, haruan extract 25%, 50%, 100% treatment groups and aquadest treatment group as negative control, eachtreatment wasperformed for 7 days. Neocapillariescount reached its peak on day 5. Mean neocapillaries scoring of eachgroup was 12, 16.5, 18.5, 6 respectively. Two way Anova and post hoc LSD tests presented a significant differencebetween negative control and haruan extract groups. In conclusion, haruan extract treatment significantly increasedneocapillaries count in wound healing process.

Ekstrak ikan haruan (Channa striata) meningkatkan jumlah neokapiler pada penyembuhan luka (Extract of haruan (Channa striata) increases neocapillaries count in wound healing process )

<p>Haruan is Kalimantan’s indigenous fish which has the potency to accelerate wound healing. Haruan extract has substantial properties suchas albumin, Zn,Cu, andFeto accelerate wound healing. The purposeof this study is to assess the effect of haruan extract on wistar rats buccal mucosa wound healing on day 1, 3, 5, and 7 histopathologically. This study was purely experimental with pretest-posttest with control group design. Samples were divided into 4 treatment groups, haruan extract 25%, 50%, 100% treatment groups and aquadest treatment group as negative control, each treatment wasperformed for 7 days. Neocapillariescount reached its peak on day 5. Mean neocapillaries scoring of each group was 12, 16.5, 18.5, 6 respectively. Two way Anova and post hoc LSD tests presented a significant difference between negative control and haruan extract groups. In conclusion, haruan extract treatment significantly increased neocapillaries count in wound healing process.</p><p>Haruan adalah ikankhas Kalimantan yangberpotensi mempercepat penyembuhanluka. Ekstrak ikan haruan mengandung zat penting seperti albumin, Zn , Cu, dan Fe untuk mempercepat penyembuhan luka. Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak ikan haruan pada proses penyembuhan luka pada mukosa bukal tikus wistar hari ke-1, 3, 5, dan 7 secara histopatologi. Penelitian eksperimental murni dengan pretest-posttest with control group ini, meliputi 4 kelompok,yaitu kelompok hewan yang diberi ekstrak haruan selama7 hari dengan konsentrasi berturut-turut 25%, 50%, 100%, dan kelompok kontrol negatif diberi akuades. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa jumlah neokapiler mencapai puncak pada hari ke-5. Rerata jumlah neokapiler pada tiap kelompok berturut adalah 12; 16,5; 18,5; dan 6. Uji Anova 2-jalur dan uji post hoc LSDmenunjukkan adanya perbedaan bermakna antara kontrol negatif dan ekstrak ikan haruan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, disimpulkan bahwa pemberian ekstrak ikan haruan secara bermakna meningkatkan jumlah neokapiler pada proses penyembuhan luka.</p>