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Meadows JRS, Kidd JM, Wang GD, Parker HG, Schall PZ, Bianchi M, Christmas MJ, Bougiouri K, Buckley RM, Hitte C, Nguyen AK, Wang C, Jagannathan V, Niskanen JE, Frantz LAF, Arumilli M, Hundi S, Lindblad-Toh K, Ginja C, Agustina KK, André C, Boyko AR, Davis BW, Drögemüller M, Feng XY, Gkagkavouzis K, Iliopoulos G, Harris AC, Hytönen MK, Kalthof DC, Liu YH, Lymberakis P, Poulakakis N, Pires AE, Racimo F, Ramos-Almodovar F, Savolainen P, Venetsani S, Tammen I, Triantafyllidis A, vonHoldt B, Wayne RK, Larson G, Nicholas FW, Lohi H, Leeb T, Zhang YP, Ostrander EA. Author Correction: Genome sequencing of 2000 canids by the Dog10K consortium advances the understanding of demography, genome function and architecture. Genome Biol 2023; 24:255. [PMID: 37936157 PMCID: PMC10631033 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-023-03101-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R S Meadows
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, 75132, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Jefrey M Kidd
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48107, USA.
| | - Guo-Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China
| | - Heidi G Parker
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 50 South Drive, Building 50 Room 5351, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Peter Z Schall
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48107, USA
| | - Matteo Bianchi
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, 75132, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Matthew J Christmas
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, 75132, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Katia Bougiouri
- Section for Molecular Ecology and Evolution, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Reuben M Buckley
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 50 South Drive, Building 50 Room 5351, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Christophe Hitte
- University of Rennes, CNRS, Institute Genetics and Development Rennes - UMR6290, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Anthony K Nguyen
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48107, USA
| | - Chao Wang
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, 75132, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Vidhya Jagannathan
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Julia E Niskanen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki and Folkhälsan Research Center, 02900, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Laurent A F Frantz
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, E14NS, UK and Palaeogenomics Group, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Ludwig Maximilian University, D-80539, Munich, Germany
| | - Meharji Arumilli
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki and Folkhälsan Research Center, 02900, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sruthi Hundi
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki and Folkhälsan Research Center, 02900, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kerstin Lindblad-Toh
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, 75132, Uppsala, Sweden
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Catarina Ginja
- BIOPOLIS-CIBIO-InBIO-Centro de Investigação Em Biodiversidade E Recursos Genéticos - ArchGen Group, Universidade Do Porto, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal
| | | | - Catherine André
- University of Rennes, CNRS, Institute Genetics and Development Rennes - UMR6290, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Adam R Boyko
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, 930 Campus Road, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Brian W Davis
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Michaela Drögemüller
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Xin-Yao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China
| | - Konstantinos Gkagkavouzis
- Department of Genetics, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia 54124, Greece and Genomics and Epigenomics Translational Research (GENeTres), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH, Balkan Center, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Giorgos Iliopoulos
- NGO "Callisto", Wildlife and Nature Conservation Society, 54621, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Alexander C Harris
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 50 South Drive, Building 50 Room 5351, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Marjo K Hytönen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki and Folkhälsan Research Center, 02900, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Daniela C Kalthof
- NGO "Callisto", Wildlife and Nature Conservation Society, 54621, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Yan-Hu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China
| | - Petros Lymberakis
- Natural History Museum of Crete & Department of Biology, University of Crete, 71202, Irakleio, Greece
- Biology Department, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
- Palaeogenomics and Evolutionary Genetics Lab, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH), Heraklion, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Poulakakis
- Natural History Museum of Crete & Department of Biology, University of Crete, 71202, Irakleio, Greece
- Biology Department, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
- Palaeogenomics and Evolutionary Genetics Lab, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH), Heraklion, Greece
| | - Ana Elisabete Pires
- BIOPOLIS-CIBIO-InBIO-Centro de Investigação Em Biodiversidade E Recursos Genéticos - ArchGen Group, Universidade Do Porto, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Fernando Racimo
- Section for Molecular Ecology and Evolution, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Peter Savolainen
- Department of Gene Technology, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, 17121, Solna, Sweden
| | - Semina Venetsani
- Department of Genetics, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Imke Tammen
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2570, Australia
| | - Alexandros Triantafyllidis
- Department of Genetics, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia 54124, Greece and Genomics and Epigenomics Translational Research (GENeTres), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH, Balkan Center, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Bridgett vonHoldt
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Robert K Wayne
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-7246, USA
| | - Greger Larson
- Palaeogenomics and Bio-Archaeology Research Network, School of Archaeology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3TG, UK
| | - Frank W Nicholas
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2570, Australia
| | - Hannes Lohi
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki and Folkhälsan Research Center, 02900, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tosso Leeb
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ya-Ping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China
| | - Elaine A Ostrander
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 50 South Drive, Building 50 Room 5351, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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Meadows JRS, Kidd JM, Wang GD, Parker HG, Schall PZ, Bianchi M, Christmas MJ, Bougiouri K, Buckley RM, Hitte C, Nguyen AK, Wang C, Jagannathan V, Niskanen JE, Frantz LAF, Arumilli M, Hundi S, Lindblad-Toh K, Ginja C, Agustina KK, André C, Boyko AR, Davis BW, Drögemüller M, Feng XY, Gkagkavouzis K, Iliopoulos G, Harris AC, Hytönen MK, Kalthoff DC, Liu YH, Lymberakis P, Poulakakis N, Pires AE, Racimo F, Ramos-Almodovar F, Savolainen P, Venetsani S, Tammen I, Triantafyllidis A, vonHoldt B, Wayne RK, Larson G, Nicholas FW, Lohi H, Leeb T, Zhang YP, Ostrander EA. Genome sequencing of 2000 canids by the Dog10K consortium advances the understanding of demography, genome function and architecture. Genome Biol 2023; 24:187. [PMID: 37582787 PMCID: PMC10426128 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-023-03023-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The international Dog10K project aims to sequence and analyze several thousand canine genomes. Incorporating 20 × data from 1987 individuals, including 1611 dogs (321 breeds), 309 village dogs, 63 wolves, and four coyotes, we identify genomic variation across the canid family, setting the stage for detailed studies of domestication, behavior, morphology, disease susceptibility, and genome architecture and function. RESULTS We report the analysis of > 48 M single-nucleotide, indel, and structural variants spanning the autosomes, X chromosome, and mitochondria. We discover more than 75% of variation for 239 sampled breeds. Allele sharing analysis indicates that 94.9% of breeds form monophyletic clusters and 25 major clades. German Shepherd Dogs and related breeds show the highest allele sharing with independent breeds from multiple clades. On average, each breed dog differs from the UU_Cfam_GSD_1.0 reference at 26,960 deletions and 14,034 insertions greater than 50 bp, with wolves having 14% more variants. Discovered variants include retrogene insertions from 926 parent genes. To aid functional prioritization, single-nucleotide variants were annotated with SnpEff and Zoonomia phyloP constraint scores. Constrained positions were negatively correlated with allele frequency. Finally, the utility of the Dog10K data as an imputation reference panel is assessed, generating high-confidence calls across varied genotyping platform densities including for breeds not included in the Dog10K collection. CONCLUSIONS We have developed a dense dataset of 1987 sequenced canids that reveals patterns of allele sharing, identifies likely functional variants, informs breed structure, and enables accurate imputation. Dog10K data are publicly available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R S Meadows
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, 75132, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Jeffrey M Kidd
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48107, USA.
| | - Guo-Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China
| | - Heidi G Parker
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 50 South Drive, Building 50 Room 5351, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Peter Z Schall
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48107, USA
| | - Matteo Bianchi
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, 75132, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Matthew J Christmas
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, 75132, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Katia Bougiouri
- Section for Molecular Ecology and Evolution, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Reuben M Buckley
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 50 South Drive, Building 50 Room 5351, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Christophe Hitte
- University of Rennes, CNRS, Institute Genetics and Development Rennes - UMR6290, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Anthony K Nguyen
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48107, USA
| | - Chao Wang
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, 75132, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Vidhya Jagannathan
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Julia E Niskanen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki and Folkhälsan Research Center, 02900, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Laurent A F Frantz
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E14NS, UK and Palaeogenomics Group, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Ludwig Maximilian University, D-80539, Munich, Germany
| | - Meharji Arumilli
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki and Folkhälsan Research Center, 02900, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sruthi Hundi
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki and Folkhälsan Research Center, 02900, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kerstin Lindblad-Toh
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, 75132, Uppsala, Sweden
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Catarina Ginja
- BIOPOLIS-CIBIO-InBIO-Centro de Investigação Em Biodiversidade E Recursos Genéticos - ArchGen Group, Universidade Do Porto, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal
| | | | - Catherine André
- University of Rennes, CNRS, Institute Genetics and Development Rennes - UMR6290, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Adam R Boyko
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, 930 Campus Road, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Brian W Davis
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Michaela Drögemüller
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Xin-Yao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China
| | - Konstantinos Gkagkavouzis
- Department of Genetics, School of Biology, ), Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia 54124, Greece and Genomics and Epigenomics Translational Research (GENeTres), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH, Balkan Center, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Giorgos Iliopoulos
- NGO "Callisto", Wildlife and Nature Conservation Society, 54621, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Alexander C Harris
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 50 South Drive, Building 50 Room 5351, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Marjo K Hytönen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki and Folkhälsan Research Center, 02900, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Daniela C Kalthoff
- NGO "Callisto", Wildlife and Nature Conservation Society, 54621, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Yan-Hu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China
| | - Petros Lymberakis
- Natural History Museum of Crete & Department of Biology, University of Crete, 71202, Irakleio, Greece
- Biology Department, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
- Palaeogenomics and Evolutionary Genetics Lab, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH), Heraklion, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Poulakakis
- Natural History Museum of Crete & Department of Biology, University of Crete, 71202, Irakleio, Greece
- Biology Department, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
- Palaeogenomics and Evolutionary Genetics Lab, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH), Heraklion, Greece
| | - Ana Elisabete Pires
- BIOPOLIS-CIBIO-InBIO-Centro de Investigação Em Biodiversidade E Recursos Genéticos - ArchGen Group, Universidade Do Porto, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Fernando Racimo
- Section for Molecular Ecology and Evolution, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Peter Savolainen
- Department of Gene Technology, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, 17121, Solna, Sweden
| | - Semina Venetsani
- Department of Genetics, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Imke Tammen
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2570, Australia
| | - Alexandros Triantafyllidis
- Department of Genetics, School of Biology, ), Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia 54124, Greece and Genomics and Epigenomics Translational Research (GENeTres), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH, Balkan Center, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Bridgett vonHoldt
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Robert K Wayne
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-7246, USA
| | - Greger Larson
- Palaeogenomics and Bio-Archaeology Research Network, School of Archaeology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3TG, UK
| | - Frank W Nicholas
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2570, Australia
| | - Hannes Lohi
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki and Folkhälsan Research Center, 02900, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tosso Leeb
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ya-Ping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China
| | - Elaine A Ostrander
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 50 South Drive, Building 50 Room 5351, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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Mitchell NL, Russell KN, Barrell GK, Tammen I, Palmer DN. Characterization of neuropathology in ovine CLN5 and CLN6 neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (Batten disease). Dev Neurobiol 2023; 83:127-142. [PMID: 37246363 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Sheep with naturally occurring CLN5 and CLN6 forms of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (Batten disease) share the key clinical features of the human disease and represent an ideal model system in which the clinical efficacy of gene therapies is developed and test. However, it was first important to characterize the neuropathological changes that occur with disease progression in affected sheep. This study compared neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation, and lysosomal storage accumulation in CLN5 affected Borderdale, CLN6 affected South Hampshire, and Merino sheep brains from birth to end-stage disease at ≤24 months of age. Despite very different gene products, mutations, and subcellular localizations, the pathogenic cascade was remarkably similar for all three disease models. Glial activation was present at birth in affected sheep and preceded neuronal loss, with both spreading from the visual and parieto-occipital cortices most prominently associated with clinical symptoms to the entire cortical mantle by end-stage disease. In contrast, the subcortical regions were less involved, yet lysosomal storage followed a near-linear increase across the diseased sheep brain with age. Correlation of these neuropathological changes with published clinical data identified three potential therapeutic windows in affected sheep-presymptomatic (3 months), early symptomatic (6 months), and a later symptomatic disease stage (9 months of age)-beyond which the extensive depletion of neurons was likely to diminish any chance of therapeutic benefit. This comprehensive natural history of the neuropathological changes in ovine CLN5 and CLN6 disease will be integral in determining what impact treatment has at each of these disease stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia L Mitchell
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Katharina N Russell
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Graham K Barrell
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Imke Tammen
- Faculty of Science, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David N Palmer
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
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Woolley SA, Tsimnadis ER, Lenghaus C, Healy PJ, Walker K, Morton A, Khatkar MS, Elliott A, Kaya E, Hoerner C, Priestman DA, Shepherd D, Platt FM, Porebski BT, Willet CE, O'Rourke BA, Tammen I. Correction: Molecular basis for a new bovine model of Niemann-Pick type C disease. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257078. [PMID: 34464426 PMCID: PMC8407535 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Eager KLM, Cauchi M, Willet CE, Häfliger IM, Drögemüller C, O'Rourke BA, Tammen I. The previously reported LRP4 c.4940C>T variant is not associated with syndactyly in cattle. Anim Genet 2021; 52:380-381. [PMID: 33751600 DOI: 10.1111/age.13061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katie L M Eager
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Menangle, NSW, 2568, Australia.,Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, 2570, Australia
| | - Monique Cauchi
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, 2570, Australia
| | - Cali E Willet
- Sydney Informatics Hub, Core Research Facilities, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Irene M Häfliger
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Berne, Bremgartenstrasse 109a, Berne, 3001, Switzerland
| | - Cord Drögemüller
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Berne, Bremgartenstrasse 109a, Berne, 3001, Switzerland
| | - Brendon A O'Rourke
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Menangle, NSW, 2568, Australia
| | - Imke Tammen
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, 2570, Australia
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Woolley SA, Tsimnadis ER, Lenghaus C, Healy PJ, Walker K, Morton A, Khatkar MS, Elliott A, Kaya E, Hoerner C, Priestman DA, Shepherd D, Platt FM, Porebski BT, Willet CE, O’Rourke BA, Tammen I. Molecular basis for a new bovine model of Niemann-Pick type C disease. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238697. [PMID: 32970694 PMCID: PMC7514041 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Niemann-Pick type C disease is a lysosomal storage disease affecting primarily the nervous system that results in premature death. Here we present the first report and investigation of Niemann-Pick type C disease in Australian Angus/Angus-cross calves. After a preliminary diagnosis of Niemann-Pick type C, samples from two affected calves and two obligate carriers were analysed using single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping and homozygosity mapping, and NPC1 was considered as a positional candidate gene. A likely causal missense variant on chromosome 24 in the NPC1 gene (NM_174758.2:c.2969C>G) was identified by Sanger sequencing of cDNA. SIFT analysis, protein alignment and protein modelling predicted the variant to be deleterious to protein function. Segregation of the variant with disease was confirmed in two additional affected calves and two obligate carrier dams. Genotyping of 403 animals from the original herd identified an estimated allele frequency of 3.5%. The Niemann-Pick type C phenotype was additionally confirmed via biochemical analysis of Lysotracker Green, cholesterol, sphingosine and glycosphingolipids in fibroblast cell cultures originating from two affected calves. The identification of a novel missense variant for Niemann-Pick type C disease in Angus/Angus-cross cattle will enable improved breeding and management of this disease in at-risk populations. The results from this study offer a unique opportunity to further the knowledge of human Niemann-Pick type C disease through the potential availability of a bovine model of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shernae A. Woolley
- Faculty of Science, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, Australia
| | - Emily R. Tsimnadis
- Faculty of Science, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, Australia
| | | | | | - Keith Walker
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Menangle, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Mehar S. Khatkar
- Faculty of Science, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, Australia
| | - Annette Elliott
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Menangle, NSW, Australia
| | - Ecem Kaya
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Clarisse Hoerner
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - David A. Priestman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Dawn Shepherd
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Frances M. Platt
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ben T. Porebski
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Cali E. Willet
- The University of Sydney, Sydney Informatics Hub Core Research Facilities, Darlington, NSW, Australia
| | - Brendon A. O’Rourke
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Menangle, NSW, Australia
| | - Imke Tammen
- Faculty of Science, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Woolley SA, Hayes SE, Shariflou MR, Nicholas FW, Willet CE, O'Rourke BA, Tammen I. Molecular basis of a new ovine model for human 3M syndrome-2. BMC Genet 2020; 21:106. [PMID: 32933480 PMCID: PMC7493961 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-020-00913-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Brachygnathia, cardiomegaly and renal hypoplasia syndrome (BCRHS, OMIA 001595–9940) is a previously reported recessively inherited disorder in Australian Poll Merino/Merino sheep. Affected lambs are stillborn with various congenital defects as reflected in the name of the disease, as well as short stature, a short and broad cranium, a small thoracic cavity, thin ribs and brachysternum. The BCRHS phenotype shows similarity to certain human short stature syndromes, in particular the human 3M syndrome-2. Here we report the identification of a likely disease-causing variant and propose an ovine model for human 3M syndrome-2. Results Eight positional candidate genes were identified among the 39 genes in the approximately 1 Mb interval to which the disease was mapped previously. Obscurin like cytoskeletal adaptor 1 (OBSL1) was selected as a strong positional candidate gene based on gene function and the resulting phenotypes observed in humans with mutations in this gene. Whole genome sequencing of an affected lamb (BCRHS3) identified a likely causal variant ENSOARG00000020239:g.220472248delC within OBSL1. Sanger sequencing of seven affected, six obligate carrier, two phenotypically unaffected animals from the original flock and one unrelated control animal validated the variant. A genotyping assay was developed to genotype 583 animals from the original flock, giving an estimated allele frequency of 5%. Conclusions The identification of a likely disease-causing variant resulting in a frameshift (p.(Val573Trpfs*119)) in the OBSL1 protein has enabled improved breeding management of the implicated flock. The opportunity for an ovine model for human 3M syndrome and ensuing therapeutic research is promising given the availability of carrier ram semen for BCRHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Woolley
- Faculty of Science, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, 2570, Australia
| | - S E Hayes
- Faculty of Science, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, 2570, Australia
| | - M R Shariflou
- Faculty of Science, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, 2570, Australia
| | - F W Nicholas
- Faculty of Science, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, 2570, Australia
| | - C E Willet
- Sydney Informatics Hub, Core Research Facilities, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - B A O'Rourke
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Menangle, NSW, 2568, Australia
| | - I Tammen
- Faculty of Science, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, 2570, Australia.
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Eager KLM, Conyers LE, Woolley SA, Tammen I, O'Rourke BA. A novel ABCA12 frameshift mutation segregates with ichthyosis fetalis in a Polled Hereford calf. Anim Genet 2020; 51:837-838. [PMID: 32567073 DOI: 10.1111/age.12973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katie L M Eager
- Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Menangle, NSW, 2568, Australia
| | - Liberty E Conyers
- Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology, Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Shernae A Woolley
- Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Menangle, NSW, 2568, Australia.,Faculty of Science, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, 2570, Australia
| | - Imke Tammen
- Faculty of Science, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, 2570, Australia
| | - Brendon A O'Rourke
- Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Menangle, NSW, 2568, Australia
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Woolley SA, Eager KLM, Häfliger IM, Bauer A, Drögemüller C, Leeb T, O'Rourke BA, Tammen I. An ABCA12 missense variant in a Shorthorn calf with ichthyosis fetalis. Anim Genet 2019; 50:749-752. [PMID: 31568573 DOI: 10.1111/age.12856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Two clinical forms of ichthyosis in cattle have been reported, ichthyosis fetalis and congenital ichthyosis. Ichthyosis poses animal welfare and economic issues and the more severe form, ichthyosis fetalis, is lethal. A Shorthorn calf with ichthyosis fetalis was investigated and a likely causal missense variant on chromosome 2 in the ABCA12 gene (NM_001191294.2:c.6776T>C) was identified by whole genome sequencing. Mutations in the ABCA12 gene are known to cause ichthyosis fetalis in cattle and Harlequin ichthyosis in humans. Sanger sequencing of the affected calf and the dam confirmed the variant was homozygous in the affected calf and heterozygous in the dam. Further genotyping of 130 Shorthorn animals from the same property revealed an estimated allele frequency of 3.8%. The presented findings enable genetic testing for breeding and diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Woolley
- Faculty of Science, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Camden, 2570, NSW, Australia
| | - K L M Eager
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Menangle, 2568, NSW, Australia
| | - I M Häfliger
- Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute of Genetics, University of Bern, Bern, 3001, Switzerland
| | - A Bauer
- Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute of Genetics, University of Bern, Bern, 3001, Switzerland
| | - C Drögemüller
- Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute of Genetics, University of Bern, Bern, 3001, Switzerland
| | - T Leeb
- Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute of Genetics, University of Bern, Bern, 3001, Switzerland
| | - B A O'Rourke
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Menangle, 2568, NSW, Australia
| | - I Tammen
- Faculty of Science, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Camden, 2570, NSW, Australia
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10
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Schaefer RJ, Schubert M, Bailey E, Bannasch DL, Barrey E, Bar-Gal GK, Brem G, Brooks SA, Distl O, Fries R, Finno CJ, Gerber V, Haase B, Jagannathan V, Kalbfleisch T, Leeb T, Lindgren G, Lopes MS, Mach N, da Câmara Machado A, MacLeod JN, McCoy A, Metzger J, Penedo C, Polani S, Rieder S, Tammen I, Tetens J, Thaller G, Verini-Supplizi A, Wade CM, Wallner B, Orlando L, Mickelson JR, McCue ME. Developing a 670k genotyping array to tag ~2M SNPs across 24 horse breeds. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:565. [PMID: 28750625 PMCID: PMC5530493 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-3943-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To date, genome-scale analyses in the domestic horse have been limited by suboptimal single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) density and uneven genomic coverage of the current SNP genotyping arrays. The recent availability of whole genome sequences has created the opportunity to develop a next generation, high-density equine SNP array. Results Using whole genome sequence from 153 individuals representing 24 distinct breeds collated by the equine genomics community, we cataloged over 23 million de novo discovered genetic variants. Leveraging genotype data from individuals with both whole genome sequence, and genotypes from lower-density, legacy SNP arrays, a subset of ~5 million high-quality, high-density array candidate SNPs were selected based on breed representation and uniform spacing across the genome. Considering probe design recommendations from a commercial vendor (Affymetrix, now Thermo Fisher Scientific) a set of ~2 million SNPs were selected for a next-generation high-density SNP chip (MNEc2M). Genotype data were generated using the MNEc2M array from a cohort of 332 horses from 20 breeds and a lower-density array, consisting of ~670 thousand SNPs (MNEc670k), was designed for genotype imputation. Conclusions Here, we document the steps taken to design both the MNEc2M and MNEc670k arrays, report genomic and technical properties of these genotyping platforms, and demonstrate the imputation capabilities of these tools for the domestic horse. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-017-3943-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Schaefer
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Mikkel Schubert
- Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ernest Bailey
- Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Danika L Bannasch
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Eric Barrey
- Unité de Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative- UMR1313, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Gila Kahila Bar-Gal
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University, 76100, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Gottfried Brem
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Samantha A Brooks
- Department of Animal Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ottmar Distl
- Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ruedi Fries
- Lehrstuhl für Tierzucht der Technischen Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Strasse 1, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Carrie J Finno
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Vinzenz Gerber
- Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, and Agroscope, Länggassstrasse 124, 3001, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Bianca Haase
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Regimental Drive, B19-301 RMC Gunn, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | | | - Ted Kalbfleisch
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Tosso Leeb
- Institute of Genetics, University of Bern, 3001, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gabriella Lindgren
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Susana Lopes
- Biotechnology Centre of Azores, University of Azores, Angra do heroísmo, Portugal
| | - Núria Mach
- Unité de Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative- UMR1313, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - James N MacLeod
- Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Annette McCoy
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, 61802, USA
| | - Julia Metzger
- Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Cecilia Penedo
- Veterinary Genetics Laboratory, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Sagi Polani
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University, 76100, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Stefan Rieder
- Agroscope, Swiss National Stud Farm, 1580, Avenches, Switzerland
| | - Imke Tammen
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Regimental Drive, B19-301 RMC Gunn, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Jens Tetens
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Hermann-Rodewald-Strasse 6, 24098, Kiel, Germany.,Department of Animal Sciences, Functional Breeding Group, Georg-August University Göttingen, Burckhardtweg 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Georg Thaller
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Hermann-Rodewald-Strasse 6, 24098, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andrea Verini-Supplizi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine - Sport Horse Research Centre, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Claire M Wade
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Regimental Drive, B19-301 RMC Gunn, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Barbara Wallner
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ludovic Orlando
- Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Laboratoire d'Anthropobiologie Moléculaire et d'Imagerie de Synthèse, CNRS UMR 5288, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, 31000, Toulouse, France
| | - James R Mickelson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Molly E McCue
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA.
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11
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Tammen I, Woolley SA, Tsimnadis ER, Nowak N, Tulloch RL, Khatkar MS, O’Rourke BA. P6049 Challenges in the investigation of eight inherited diseases in ruminants—An Australian perspective. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/jas2016.94supplement4173x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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12
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Axling J, Castle K, Velie B, Tammen I, Thomson P, Hamilton N, Raadsma H, Lindgren G, Jeffcott L, Nicholas F. Use of diagnostic reports to estimate prevalence and distribution of skeletal lesions in young Thoroughbreds. Vet J 2016; 214:72-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2016.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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13
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Cronin GM, Beganovic DF, Sutton AL, Palmer D, Thomson PC, Tammen I. Manifestation of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis in Australian Merino sheep: observations on altered behaviour and growth. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2016; 175:32-40. [PMID: 26949278 DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2015.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCL) is an inherited neurodegenerative disorder in children. Presently there is no effective treatment and the disorder is lethal. NCL occur in a variety of non-human species including sheep, which are recognised as valuable large animal models for NCL. This experiment investigated the progressive postural, behavioural and liveweight changes in NCL-affected lambs, to establish practical, non-invasive biomarkers of disease progression for future preclinical trials in a CLN6 Merino sheep model. A flock of eight lambs at pasture was studied, with the observer blind to the disorder status. Three genotypes were compared: homozygous affected NCL; n = 4), clinically normal heterozygous (Carrier; n = 2) and homozygous normal (non-carrier control (Normal); n = 2). Direct observation during daylight and continuous accelerometer measurements over 72 h were used to quantify lamb posture and behaviour in 11 sessions between 26-60 weeks of age, conducted at 3-5 week intervals. There was a Genotype (G) × Age (A) interaction (P = 0.001) for liveweight of the lambs in the experiment, with NCL, Carrier and Normal lambs gaining 11.8, 16.5 and 23.4 kg, respectively, between 26 and 60 weeks of age. G×A interactions were also found for walking behaviour (means for NCL, Carrier and Normal genotype groups at 26 and 60 weeks, were 1.7 and 7.9%, 3.3 and 3.1%, and 2.5 and 1.9% of observations, P = 0.008) and a composite variable of key behaviours identified in the principal components analysis (P < 0.001), with mean values for NCL lambs increasing three-fold compared to non-affected lambs as age increased. Similarly, NCL lambs became less responsive to visual and auditory stimuli as they aged. Mean responsiveness scores (out of 3) to visual stimuli for the NCL, Carrier and Normal genotypes at 26 and 60 weeks of age were 2.7 and 1.4, 2.8 and 2.9, and 3.0 and 3.0, respectively (G × A, P < 0.001). Changes in response to auditory stimuli were similar to visual stimuli. NCL lambs took more (P = 0.015) steps per 24 h than Carrier and Normal genotype lambs, but there was no G × A interaction. At 26 and 60 weeks of age respectively, NCL lambs took 2724 and 4121 steps per 24 h, compared to Carrier (1708 and 3105 steps) and Normal genotype lambs (2109 and 3506 steps). NCL lambs also performed less (P = 0.018) grazing behaviour than Carrier and Normal genotype lambs (66.5, 72.3 and 72.5% of observations for NCL, Carrier and Normal lambs, respectively). A number of behavioural changes identified in the experiment could form the basis for a protocol for monitoring and evaluation of disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg M Cronin
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Private Bag 4003 Narellan, New South Wales 2567, Australia
| | - Danai F Beganovic
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Private Bag 4003 Narellan, New South Wales 2567, Australia
| | - Amanda L Sutton
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Private Bag 4003 Narellan, New South Wales 2567, Australia
| | - DavidJ Palmer
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Private Bag 4003 Narellan, New South Wales 2567, Australia
| | - Peter C Thomson
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Private Bag 4003 Narellan, New South Wales 2567, Australia
| | - Imke Tammen
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Private Bag 4003 Narellan, New South Wales 2567, Australia
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14
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Grubman A, Lidgerwood GE, Duncan C, Bica L, Tan JL, Parker SJ, Caragounis A, Meyerowitz J, Volitakis I, Moujalled D, Liddell JR, Hickey JL, Horne M, Longmuir S, Koistinaho J, Donnelly PS, Crouch PJ, Tammen I, White AR, Kanninen KM. Deregulation of subcellular biometal homeostasis through loss of the metal transporter, Zip7, in a childhood neurodegenerative disorder. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2014; 2:25. [PMID: 24581221 PMCID: PMC4029264 DOI: 10.1186/2051-5960-2-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aberrant biometal metabolism is a key feature of neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. Metal modulating compounds are promising therapeutics for neurodegeneration, but their mechanism of action remains poorly understood. Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs), caused by mutations in CLN genes, are fatal childhood neurodegenerative lysosomal storage diseases without a cure. We previously showed biometal accumulation in ovine and murine models of the CLN6 variant NCL, but the mechanism is unknown. This study extended the concept that alteration of biometal functions is involved in pathology in these disorders, and investigated molecular mechanisms underlying impaired biometal trafficking in CLN6 disease. Results We observed significant region-specific biometal accumulation and deregulation of metal trafficking pathways prior to disease onset in CLN6 affected sheep. Substantial progressive loss of the ER/Golgi-resident Zn transporter, Zip7, which colocalized with the disease-associated protein, CLN6, may contribute to the subcellular deregulation of biometal homeostasis in NCLs. Importantly, the metal-complex, ZnII(atsm), induced Zip7 upregulation, promoted Zn redistribution and restored Zn-dependent functions in primary mouse Cln6 deficient neurons and astrocytes. Conclusions This study demonstrates the central role of the metal transporter, Zip7, in the aberrant biometal metabolism of CLN6 variants of NCL and further highlights the key contribution of deregulated biometal trafficking to the pathology of neurodegenerative diseases. Importantly, our results suggest that ZnII(atsm) may be a candidate for therapeutic trials for NCLs.
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Raadsma HW, Jonas E, Fleet MR, Fullard K, Gongora J, Cavanagh CR, Tammen I, Thomson PC. QTL and association analysis for skin and fibre pigmentation in sheep provides evidence of a major causative mutation and epistatic effects. Anim Genet 2013; 44:547-59. [PMID: 23451726 DOI: 10.1111/age.12033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The pursuits of white features and white fleeces free of pigmented fibre have been important selection objectives for many sheep breeds. The cause and inheritance of non-white colour patterns in sheep has been studied since the early 19th century. Discovery of genetic causes, especially those which predispose pigmentation in white sheep, may lead to more accurate selection tools for improved apparel wool. This article describes an extended QTL study for 13 skin and fibre pigmentation traits in sheep. A total of 19 highly significant, 10 significant and seven suggestive QTL were identified in a QTL mapping experiment using an Awassi × Merino × Merino backcross sheep population. All QTL on chromosome 2 exceeded a LOD score of greater than 4 (range 4.4-30.1), giving very strong support for a major gene for pigmentation on this chromosome. Evidence of epistatic interactions was found for QTL for four traits on chromosomes 2 and 19. The ovine TYRP1 gene on OAR 2 was sequenced as a strong positional candidate gene. A highly significant association (P < 0.01) of grandparental haplotypes across nine segregating SNP/microsatellite markers including one non-synonymous SNP with pigmentation traits could be shown. Up to 47% of the observed variation in pigmentation was accounted for by models using TYRP1 haplotypes and 83% for models with interactions between two QTL probabilities, offering scope for marker-assisted selection for these traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- H W Raadsma
- ReproGen-Animal Bioscience Group, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia.
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16
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Hamilton NA, Tammen I, Raadsma HW. Multi-species comparative analysis of the equine ACE gene identifies a highly conserved potential transcription factor binding site in intron 16. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55434. [PMID: 23408978 PMCID: PMC3568152 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) is essential for control of blood pressure. The human ACE gene contains an intronic Alu indel (I/D) polymorphism that has been associated with variation in serum enzyme levels, although the functional mechanism has not been identified. The polymorphism has also been associated with cardiovascular disease, type II diabetes, renal disease and elite athleticism. We have characterized the ACE gene in horses of breeds selected for differing physical abilities. The equine gene has a similar structure to that of all known mammalian ACE genes. Nine common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) discovered in pooled DNA were found to be inherited in nine haplotypes. Three of these SNPs were located in intron 16, homologous to that containing the Alu polymorphism in the human. A highly conserved 18 bp sequence, also within that intron, was identified as being a potential binding site for the transcription factors Oct-1, HFH-1 and HNF-3β, and lies within a larger area of higher than normal homology. This putative regulatory element may contribute to regulation of the documented inter-individual variation in human circulating enzyme levels, for which a functional mechanism is yet to be defined. Two equine SNPs occurred within the conserved area in intron 16, although neither of them disrupted the putative binding site. We propose a possible regulatory mechanism of the ACE gene in mammalian species which was previously unknown. This advance will allow further analysis leading to a better understanding of the mechanisms underpinning the associations seen between the human Alu polymorphism and enzyme levels, cardiovascular disease states and elite athleticism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha A Hamilton
- ReproGen-Animal Bioscience Group, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.
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17
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Murgiano L, Tammen I, Harlizius B, Drögemüller C. A de novo germline mutation in MYH7 causes a progressive dominant myopathy in pigs. BMC Genet 2012; 13:99. [PMID: 23153285 PMCID: PMC3542579 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2156-13-99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background About 9% of the offspring of a clinically healthy Piétrain boar named ‘Campus’ showed a progressive postural tremor called Campus syndrome (CPS). Extensive backcross experiments suggested a dominant mode of inheritance, and the founder boar was believed to be a gonadal mosaic. A genome-scan mapped the disease-causing mutation to an 8 cM region of porcine chromosome 7 containing the MHY7 gene. Human distal myopathy type 1 (MPD1), a disease partially resembling CPS in pigs, has been associated with mutations in the MYH7 gene. Results The porcine MYH7 gene structure was predicted based on porcine reference genome sequence, porcine mRNA, and in comparison to the human ortholog. The gene structure was highly conserved with the exception of the first exon. Mutation analysis of a contiguous genomic interval of more than 22 kb spanning the complete MYH7 gene revealed an in-frame insertion within exon 30 of MYH7 (c.4320_4321insCCCGCC) which was perfectly associated with the disease phenotype and confirmed the dominant inheritance. The mutation is predicted to insert two amino acids (p.Ala1440_Ala1441insProAla) in a very highly conserved region of the myosin tail. The boar ‘Campus’ was shown to be a germline and somatic mosaic as assessed by the presence of the mutant allele in seven different organs. Conclusion This study illustrates the usefulness of recently established genomic resources in pigs. We have identified a spontaneous mutation in MYH7 as the causative mutation for CPS. This paper describes the first case of a disorder caused by a naturally occurring mutation in the MYH7 gene of a non-human mammalian species. Our study confirms the previous classification as a primary myopathy and provides a defined large animal model for human MPD1. We provide evidence that the CPS mutation occurred during the early development of the boar ‘Campus’. Therefore, this study provides an example of germline mosaicism with an asymptomatic founder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Murgiano
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bremgartenstrasse 109a, Bern, 3001, Switzerland
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18
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Shariflou MR, Wade CM, Kijas J, McCulloch R, Windsor PA, Tammen I, Nicholas FW. Brachygnathia, cardiomegaly and renal hypoplasia syndrome (BCRHS) in Merino sheep maps to a 1.1-megabase region on ovine chromosome OAR2. Anim Genet 2012; 44:231-3. [PMID: 22762779 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2012.02392.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
A genome scan was conducted to map the autosomal recessive lethal disorder brachygnathia, cardiomegaly and renal hypoplasia syndrome (BCRHS) in Poll Merino sheep. The scan involved 10 affected and 27 unaffected animals from a single Poll Merino/Merino sheep flock, which were genotyped with the Illumina Ovine SNP50 BeadChip. Association and homozygosity mapping analyses located the disorder in a region comprising 20 consecutive SNPs spanning 1.1 Mb towards the distal end of chromosome OAR2. All affected animals and none of the unaffected animals were homozygous for the associated haplotype in this region. These results provide the basis for identifying the causative mutation(s) and should enable the development of a DNA test to identify carriers in the Poll Merino sheep population. Understanding the molecular control of BCRHS may provide insight into the fundamental genetic control and regulation of the affected organ systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Shariflou
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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Wilson BJ, Nicholas FW, James JW, Wade CM, Tammen I, Raadsma HW, Castle K, Thomson PC. Heritability and phenotypic variation of canine hip dysplasia radiographic traits in a cohort of Australian German shepherd dogs. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39620. [PMID: 22761846 PMCID: PMC3384595 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine Hip Dysplasia (CHD) is a common, painful and debilitating orthopaedic disorder of dogs with a partly genetic, multifactorial aetiology. Worldwide, potential breeding dogs are evaluated for CHD using radiographically based screening schemes such as the nine ordinally-scored British Veterinary Association Hip Traits (BVAHTs). The effectiveness of selective breeding based on screening results requires that a significant proportion of the phenotypic variation is caused by the presence of favourable alleles segregating in the population. This proportion, heritability, was measured in a cohort of 13,124 Australian German Shepherd Dogs born between 1976 and 2005, displaying phenotypic variation for BVAHTs, using ordinal, linear and binary mixed models fitted by a Restricted Maximum Likelihood method. Heritability estimates for the nine BVAHTs ranged from 0.14-0.24 (ordinal models), 0.14-0.25 (linear models) and 0.12-0.40 (binary models). Heritability for the summed BVAHT phenotype was 0.30 ± 0.02. The presence of heritable variation demonstrates that selection based on BVAHTs has the potential to improve BVAHT scores in the population. Assuming a genetic correlation between BVAHT scores and CHD-related pain and dysfunction, the welfare of Australian German Shepherds can be improved by continuing to consider BVAHT scores in the selection of breeding dogs, but that as heritability values are only moderate in magnitude the accuracy, and effectiveness, of selection could be improved by the use of Estimated Breeding Values in preference to solely phenotype based selection of breeding animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany J Wilson
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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Leigh KA, Zenger KR, Tammen I, Raadsma HW. Loss of genetic diversity in an outbreeding species: small population effects in the African wild dog (Lycaon pictus). CONSERV GENET 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-012-0325-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Nasreen F, Malik NA, Qureshi JA, Raadsma HW, Tammen I. Identification of a null allele in genetic tests for bovine leukocyte adhesion deficiency in Pakistani Bos indicus × Bos taurus cattle. Mol Cell Probes 2012; 26:259-62. [PMID: 22374219 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2012.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2011] [Revised: 01/30/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Two clinically healthy mature Pakistani Bos indicus × Bos taurus cattle were genotyped as homozygous affected for the lethal immunodeficiency disorder bovine leukocyte adhesion deficiency (BLAD) using previously described PCR-RFLP based DNA tests which was confirmed by sequencing. Sequencing of Bos taurus and B. indicus × B. taurus genomic DNA surrounding the disease causing mutation (c.383A > G) in the ITGB2 gene identified numerous variations in exonic and intronic regions within and between species, including substantial variation in primer annealing sites for three PCR-RFLP tests for one of the B. indicus allelic variants. These variations in the primer annealing sites resulted in a null allele in the DNA tests causing the misdiagnosis of some heterozygous B. taurus × B. indicus cattle to be classified as homozygous affected. New primers were designed and a modified test was developed which simultaneously identified the disease mutation and the Pakistani B. indicus allelic variant associated with the null allele in the previous test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fozia Nasreen
- Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, P.O. Box 577, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Characterise a lethal genetic disorder in Poll Merino/Merino sheep DESIGN Pathological description of a new congenital multisystem disorder in a commercial sheep flock, and analysis of breeding data collected each lambing season between 2004 and mid-lambing season 2010. PROCEDURE Necropsies were conducted on six affected lambs and the mode of inheritance of the disorder was determined by pedigree and segregation analyses. RESULTS The affected lambs were dwarfs with multiple defects in several organs, including skeleton, heart, liver and kidneys. The disorder has been named brachygnathia, cardiomegaly and renal hypoplasia syndrome (BCRHS). Segregation analysis suggests the disorder is transmitted as an autosomal trait with a recessive mode of inheritance. An annual incidence of the disorder in the discovery flock of up to 2.5% was recorded. CONCLUSIONS As a lethal disorder, the occurrence of BCRHS raises potential ethical and economic concerns for Merino breeders. The development of a DNA test would be useful to investigate its distribution in the Australian wool-sheep population. As the disorder affects both the skeleton and several critical organs, including the heart, it may provide a potential animal model for investigating key developmental processes in humans and other animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Shariflou
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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Wilson BJ, Nicholas FW, James JW, Wade CM, Tammen I, Raadsma HW, Castle K, Thomson PC. Symmetry of hip dysplasia traits in the German Shepherd Dog in Australia. J Anim Breed Genet 2011; 128:230-43. [PMID: 21554417 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0388.2010.00903.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Canine hip dysplasia (CHD) is a common and debilitating developmental condition of the canine coxofemoral (hip) joint, exhibiting a multifactorial pattern of inheritance. British Veterinary Association hip traits (BVAHTs) are nine radiographic features of hips used in several countries to ordinally score both the right and left hip of potential breeding candidates to assess their suitability for breeding. The objective of this study was to examine some aspects of the relationship between contralateral scores for each BVAHT in a cohort of 13 124 Australian-registered German Shepherd Dogs. Goodman and Kruskal gamma coefficients of 0.48-0.95 and correlation coefficients of 0.50-0.74 demonstrate that the association between right and left hip scores varies between moderate and strong for BVAHTs. Principal component analysis of scores detected a sizeable left-versus-right effect, a finding supported by symmetry and quasi-symmetry analyses which found that seven of the nine BVAHTs display significant marginal asymmetry. Dogs showing asymmetry for one BVAHT are significantly more likely to display asymmetry at other BVAHTs. When asymmetry is expressed as a binary trait (either symmetrical or asymmetrical), it displays low to moderate heritability. Estimates of genetic correlations between right and left scores are very high for all BVAHTs (>0.945), suggesting right and left scores for each BVAHT are largely determined by the same set of genes. The marginal asymmetries are therefore more likely to be of environmental and non-additive genetic origin. In breeding programmes for CHD, we recommend that scores from both hips be used to estimate breeding values, with a term for side-of-hip included in the model to account for score variation owing to asymmetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Wilson
- The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.
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Cavanagh CR, Jonas E, Hobbs M, Thomson PC, Tammen I, Raadsma HW. Mapping Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) in sheep. III. QTL for carcass composition traits derived from CT scans and aligned with a meta-assembly for sheep and cattle carcass QTL. Genet Sel Evol 2010; 42:36. [PMID: 20846385 PMCID: PMC2949606 DOI: 10.1186/1297-9686-42-36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2010] [Accepted: 09/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
An (Awassi × Merino) × Merino single-sire backcross family with 165 male offspring was used to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) for body composition traits on a framework map of 189 microsatellite loci across all autosomes. Two cohorts were created from the experimental progeny to represent alternative maturity classes for body composition assessment. Animals were raised under paddock conditions prior to entering the feedlot for a 90-day fattening phase. Body composition traits were derived in vivo at the end of the experiment prior to slaughter at 2 (cohort 1) and 3.5 (cohort 2) years of age, using computed tomography. Image analysis was used to gain accurate predictions for 13 traits describing major fat depots, lean muscle, bone, body proportions and body weight which were used for single- and two-QTL mapping analysis. Using a maximum-likelihood approach, three highly significant (LOD ≥ 3), 15 significant (LOD ≥ 2), and 11 suggestive QTL (1.7 ≤ LOD < 2) were detected on eleven chromosomes. Regression analysis confirmed 28 of these QTL and an additional 17 suggestive (P < 0.1) and two significant (P < 0.05) QTL were identified using this method. QTL with pleiotropic effects for two or more tissues were identified on chromosomes 1, 6, 10, 14, 16 and 23. No tissue-specific QTL were identified.A meta-assembly of ovine QTL for carcass traits from this study and public domain sources was performed and compared with a corresponding bovine meta-assembly. The assembly demonstrated QTL with effects on carcass composition in homologous regions on OAR1, 2, 6 and 21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin R Cavanagh
- ReproGen - Animal Bioscience Group, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, 425 Werombi Road, Camden NSW 2570, Australia
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Thomson PC, Wilson BJ, Wade CM, Shariflou MR, James JW, Tammen I, Raadsma HW, Nicholas FW. The utility of estimated breeding values for inherited disorders of dogs. Vet J 2010; 183:243-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2009.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2009] [Accepted: 12/02/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Elsik CG, Tellam RL, Worley KC, Gibbs RA, Muzny DM, Weinstock GM, Adelson DL, Eichler EE, Elnitski L, Guigó R, Hamernik DL, Kappes SM, Lewin HA, Lynn DJ, Nicholas FW, Reymond A, Rijnkels M, Skow LC, Zdobnov EM, Schook L, Womack J, Alioto T, Antonarakis SE, Astashyn A, Chapple CE, Chen HC, Chrast J, Câmara F, Ermolaeva O, Henrichsen CN, Hlavina W, Kapustin Y, Kiryutin B, Kitts P, Kokocinski F, Landrum M, Maglott D, Pruitt K, Sapojnikov V, Searle SM, Solovyev V, Souvorov A, Ucla C, Wyss C, Anzola JM, Gerlach D, Elhaik E, Graur D, Reese JT, Edgar RC, McEwan JC, Payne GM, Raison JM, Junier T, Kriventseva EV, Eyras E, Plass M, Donthu R, Larkin DM, Reecy J, Yang MQ, Chen L, Cheng Z, Chitko-McKown CG, Liu GE, Matukumalli LK, Song J, Zhu B, Bradley DG, Brinkman FSL, Lau LPL, Whiteside MD, Walker A, Wheeler TT, Casey T, German JB, Lemay DG, Maqbool NJ, Molenaar AJ, Seo S, Stothard P, Baldwin CL, Baxter R, Brinkmeyer-Langford CL, Brown WC, Childers CP, Connelley T, Ellis SA, Fritz K, Glass EJ, Herzig CTA, Iivanainen A, Lahmers KK, Bennett AK, Dickens CM, Gilbert JGR, Hagen DE, Salih H, Aerts J, Caetano AR, Dalrymple B, Garcia JF, Gill CA, Hiendleder SG, Memili E, Spurlock D, Williams JL, Alexander L, Brownstein MJ, Guan L, Holt RA, Jones SJM, Marra MA, Moore R, Moore SS, Roberts A, Taniguchi M, Waterman RC, Chacko J, Chandrabose MM, Cree A, Dao MD, Dinh HH, Gabisi RA, Hines S, Hume J, Jhangiani SN, Joshi V, Kovar CL, Lewis LR, Liu YS, Lopez J, Morgan MB, Nguyen NB, Okwuonu GO, Ruiz SJ, Santibanez J, Wright RA, Buhay C, Ding Y, Dugan-Rocha S, Herdandez J, Holder M, Sabo A, Egan A, Goodell J, Wilczek-Boney K, Fowler GR, Hitchens ME, Lozado RJ, Moen C, Steffen D, Warren JT, Zhang J, Chiu R, Schein JE, Durbin KJ, Havlak P, Jiang H, Liu Y, Qin X, Ren Y, Shen Y, Song H, Bell SN, Davis C, Johnson AJ, Lee S, Nazareth LV, Patel BM, Pu LL, Vattathil S, Williams RL, Curry S, Hamilton C, Sodergren E, Wheeler DA, Barris W, Bennett GL, Eggen A, Green RD, Harhay GP, Hobbs M, Jann O, Keele JW, Kent MP, Lien S, McKay SD, McWilliam S, Ratnakumar A, Schnabel RD, Smith T, Snelling WM, Sonstegard TS, Stone RT, Sugimoto Y, Takasuga A, Taylor JF, Van Tassell CP, Macneil MD, Abatepaulo ARR, Abbey CA, Ahola V, Almeida IG, Amadio AF, Anatriello E, Bahadue SM, Biase FH, Boldt CR, Carroll JA, Carvalho WA, Cervelatti EP, Chacko E, Chapin JE, Cheng Y, Choi J, Colley AJ, de Campos TA, De Donato M, Santos IKFDM, de Oliveira CJF, Deobald H, Devinoy E, Donohue KE, Dovc P, Eberlein A, Fitzsimmons CJ, Franzin AM, Garcia GR, Genini S, Gladney CJ, Grant JR, Greaser ML, Green JA, Hadsell DL, Hakimov HA, Halgren R, Harrow JL, Hart EA, Hastings N, Hernandez M, Hu ZL, Ingham A, Iso-Touru T, Jamis C, Jensen K, Kapetis D, Kerr T, Khalil SS, Khatib H, Kolbehdari D, Kumar CG, Kumar D, Leach R, Lee JCM, Li C, Logan KM, Malinverni R, Marques E, Martin WF, Martins NF, Maruyama SR, Mazza R, McLean KL, Medrano JF, Moreno BT, Moré DD, Muntean CT, Nandakumar HP, Nogueira MFG, Olsaker I, Pant SD, Panzitta F, Pastor RCP, Poli MA, Poslusny N, Rachagani S, Ranganathan S, Razpet A, Riggs PK, Rincon G, Rodriguez-Osorio N, Rodriguez-Zas SL, Romero NE, Rosenwald A, Sando L, Schmutz SM, Shen L, Sherman L, Southey BR, Lutzow YS, Sweedler JV, Tammen I, Telugu BPVL, Urbanski JM, Utsunomiya YT, Verschoor CP, Waardenberg AJ, Wang Z, Ward R, Weikard R, Welsh TH, White SN, Wilming LG, Wunderlich KR, Yang J, Zhao FQ. The genome sequence of taurine cattle: a window to ruminant biology and evolution. Science 2009; 324:522-8. [PMID: 19390049 DOI: 10.1126/science.1169588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 806] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
To understand the biology and evolution of ruminants, the cattle genome was sequenced to about sevenfold coverage. The cattle genome contains a minimum of 22,000 genes, with a core set of 14,345 orthologs shared among seven mammalian species of which 1217 are absent or undetected in noneutherian (marsupial or monotreme) genomes. Cattle-specific evolutionary breakpoint regions in chromosomes have a higher density of segmental duplications, enrichment of repetitive elements, and species-specific variations in genes associated with lactation and immune responsiveness. Genes involved in metabolism are generally highly conserved, although five metabolic genes are deleted or extensively diverged from their human orthologs. The cattle genome sequence thus provides a resource for understanding mammalian evolution and accelerating livestock genetic improvement for milk and meat production.
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Cavanagh JAL, Tammen I, Windsor PA, Bateman JF, Savarirayan R, Nicholas FW, Raadsma HW. Bulldog dwarfism in Dexter cattle is caused by mutations in ACAN. Mamm Genome 2007; 18:808-14. [PMID: 17952705 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-007-9066-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2007] [Accepted: 08/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Bulldog dwarfism in Dexter cattle is one of the earliest single-locus disorders described in animals. Affected fetuses display extreme disproportionate dwarfism, reflecting abnormal cartilage development (chondrodysplasia). Typically, they die around the seventh month of gestation, precipitating a natural abortion. Heterozygotes show a milder form of dwarfism, most noticeably having shorter legs. Homozygosity mapping in candidate regions in a small Dexter pedigree suggested aggrecan (ACAN) as the most likely candidate gene. Mutation screening revealed a 4-bp insertion in exon 11 (2266_2267insGGCA) (called BD1 for diagnostic testing) and a second, rarer transition in exon 1 (-198C>T) (called BD2) that cosegregate with the disorder. In chondrocytes from cattle heterozygous for the insertion, mutant mRNA is subject to nonsense-mediated decay, showing only 8% of normal expression. Genotyping in Dexter families throughout the world shows a one-to-one correspondence between genotype and phenotype at this locus. The heterozygous and homozygous-affected Dexter cattle could prove invaluable as a model for human disorders caused by mutations in ACAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A L Cavanagh
- ReproGen, The University of Sydney, PMB3, Camden, New South Wales 2570, Australia.
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Frugier T, Mitchell NL, Tammen I, Houweling PJ, Arthur DG, Kay GW, van Diggelen OP, Jolly RD, Palmer DN. A new large animal model of CLN5 neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis in Borderdale sheep is caused by a nucleotide substitution at a consensus splice site (c.571+1G>A) leading to excision of exon 3. Neurobiol Dis 2007; 29:306-15. [PMID: 17988881 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2007.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2007] [Revised: 09/06/2007] [Accepted: 09/16/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Batten disease (neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses, NCLs) are a group of inherited childhood diseases that result in severe brain atrophy, blindness and seizures, leading to premature death. To date, eight different genes have been identified, each associated with a different form. Linkage analysis indicated a CLN5 form in a colony of affected New Zealand Borderdale sheep. Sequencing studies established the disease-causing mutation to be a substitution at a consensus splice site (c.571+1G>A), leading to the excision of exon 3 and a truncated putative protein. A molecular diagnostic test has been developed based on the excision of exon 3. Sequence alignments support the gene product being a soluble lysosomal protein. Western blotting of isolated storage bodies indicates the specific storage of subunit c of mitochondrial ATP synthase. This flock is being expanded as a large animal model for mechanistic studies and trial therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Frugier
- Lincoln University, Agriculture and Life Sciences Division, Cell Biology Group, PO Box 84, Lincoln 7647, Canterbury, New Zealand
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Drögemüller C, Leeb T, Harlizius B, Tammen I, Distl O, Höltershinken M, Gentile A, Duchesne A, Eggen A. Congenital syndactyly in cattle: four novel mutations in the low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4 gene (LRP4). BMC Genet 2007; 8:5. [PMID: 17319939 PMCID: PMC1810560 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2156-8-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2006] [Accepted: 02/23/2007] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Isolated syndactyly in cattle, also known as mulefoot, is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait with variable penetrance in different cattle breeds. Recently, two independent mutations in the bovine LRP4 gene have been reported as the primary cause of syndactyly in the Holstein and Angus cattle breeds. Results We confirmed the previously described LRP4 exon 33 two nucleotide substitution in most of the affected Holstein calves and revealed additional evidence for allelic heterogeneity by the identification of four new LRP4 non-synonymous point mutations co-segregating in Holstein, German Simmental and Simmental-Charolais families. Conclusion We confirmed a significant role of LRP4 mutations in the pathogenesis of congenital syndactyly in cattle. The newly detected missense mutations in the LRP4 gene represent independent mutations affecting different conserved protein domains. However, the four newly described LRP4 mutations do still not explain all analyzed cases of syndactyly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cord Drögemüller
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Berne, Bremgartenstrasse 109a, 3001 Berne, Switzerland
- Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17p, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Tosso Leeb
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Berne, Bremgartenstrasse 109a, 3001 Berne, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Harlizius
- Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17p, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Imke Tammen
- Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17p, 30559 Hannover, Germany
- Centre for Advanced Technologies in Animal Genetics and Reproduction (ReproGen), Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camden NSW 2570, Australia
| | - Ottmar Distl
- Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17p, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Martin Höltershinken
- Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17p, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Arcangelo Gentile
- Veterinary Clinical Departement, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia (Bologna), Italy
| | - Amandine Duchesne
- INRA, UR339 Laboratoire de Génétique Biochimique et de Cytogénétique, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - André Eggen
- INRA, UR339 Laboratoire de Génétique Biochimique et de Cytogénétique, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
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Houweling PJ, Cavanagh JAL, Tammen I. Radiation hybrid mapping of three candidate genes for bovine Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis: CLN3, CLN5 and CLN6. Cytogenet Genome Res 2006; 115:5-6. [PMID: 16974076 DOI: 10.1159/000094793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2006] [Accepted: 02/28/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P J Houweling
- Centre for Advanced Technologies in Animal Genetics and Reproduction (Reprogen), Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Australia
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Tammen I, Houweling PJ, Frugier T, Mitchell NL, Kay GW, Cavanagh JAL, Cook RW, Raadsma HW, Palmer DN. A missense mutation (c.184C>T) in ovine CLN6 causes neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis in Merino sheep whereas affected South Hampshire sheep have reduced levels of CLN6 mRNA. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2006; 1762:898-905. [PMID: 17046213 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2006.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2006] [Revised: 08/27/2006] [Accepted: 09/06/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs, Batten disease) are a group of fatal recessively inherited neurodegenerative diseases of humans and animals characterised by common clinical signs and pathology. These include blindness, ataxia, dementia, behavioural changes, seizures, brain and retinal atrophy and accumulation of fluorescent lysosome derived organelles in most cells. A number of different variants have been suggested and seven different causative genes identified in humans (CLN1, CLN2, CLN3, CLN5, CLN6, CLN8 and CTSD). Animal models have played a central role in the investigation of this group of diseases and are extremely valuable for developing a better understanding of the disease mechanisms and possible therapeutic approaches. Ovine models include flocks of affected New Zealand South Hampshires and Borderdales and Australian Merinos. The ovine CLN6 gene has been sequenced in a representative selection of these sheep. These investigations unveiled the mutation responsible for the disease in Merino sheep (c.184C>T; p.Arg62Cys) and three common ovine allelic variants (c.56A>G, c.822G>A and c.933_934insCT). Linkage analysis established that CLN6 is the gene most likely to cause NCL in affected South Hampshire sheep, which do not have the c.184C>T mutation but show reduced expression of CLN6 mRNA in a range of tissues as determined by real-time PCR. Lack of linkage precludes CLN6 as a candidate for NCL in Borderdale sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imke Tammen
- Centre for Advanced Technologies in Animal Genetics and Reproduction (Reprogen), Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, PMB3, Camden, NSW, Australia.
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Khatkar MS, Thomson PC, Tammen I, Cavanagh JAL, Nicholas FW, Raadsma HW. Linkage disequilibrium on chromosome 6 in Australian Holstein-Friesian cattle. Genet Sel Evol 2006; 38:463-77. [PMID: 16954040 PMCID: PMC2689257 DOI: 10.1186/1297-9686-38-5-463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2005] [Accepted: 04/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We analysed linkage disequilibrium (LD) in Australian Holstein-Friesian cattle by genotyping a sample of 45 bulls for 15 closely-spaced microsatellites on two regions of BTA6 reported to carry important QTL for dairy traits. The order and distance of markers were based on the USDA-MARC linkage map. Frequencies of haplotypes were estimated using the E-M approach and a more computationally-intensive Bayesian approach as implemented in PHASE. LD was then estimated using the Hedrick multiallelic extension of Lewontin normalised coefficient D'. Estimates of D' from the two approaches were in close agreement (r = 0.91). The mean estimates of D' for marker pairs with an inter-marker distance of less than 5 cM (n = 13) are 0.57 and 0.51, and for distances more than 20 cM (n = 44) are 0.29 and 0.17, estimated from the E-M and Bayesian approaches, respectively. The Malecot model was fitted for the exponential decline of LD with map distance between markers. The swept radii (the distance at which LD has declined to 1/e (~37%) of its initial value) are 11.6 and 13.7 cM for the above two methods, respectively. The Malecot model was also fitted using map distance in Mb from the bovine integrated map (bovine location database, bLDB) in addition to cM from the MARC map. Overall, the results indicate a high level of LD on chromosome 6 in Australian dairy cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehar S Khatkar
- Centre for Advanced Technologies in Animal Genetics and Reproduction, ReproGen, and Co-operative Research Centre for Innovative Dairy Products, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney PMB 3, Camden NSW 2570, Australia.
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Abstract
The occurrence of severe fetal dystocia due to hydrops fetalis associated with pulmonary aplasia in two male and pulmonary hypoplasia in one female Australian Dexter fetuses from two herds is described. Obstetrical intervention by caesarean section was required for delivery of the fetuses, with mortalities in one dam and the 3 calves. Clinical, pathological and genetic features are tabulated to assist in distinguishing pulmonary hypoplasia-associated hydrops fetalis from the more prevalent disorder of chondrodysplasia in Dexter cattle. Anasarca and complete absence or presence of only rudimentary lung tissue in a large thoracic cavity clearly distinguishes this entity from the lesions of Dexter chondrodysplasia that include severe micromelia and abundant lung tissue in a small thoracic cavity with shortened spine and rib cage. Pedigree information suggested that Dexter hydrops may be transmitted in an autosomal recessive manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Windsor
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Camden, New South Wales 2570
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Houweling PJ, Cavanagh JAL, Palmer DN, Frugier T, Mitchell NL, Windsor PA, Raadsma HW, Tammen I. Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis in Devon cattle is caused by a single base duplication (c.662dupG) in the bovine CLN5 gene. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2006; 1762:890-7. [PMID: 16935476 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2006.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2006] [Revised: 06/30/2006] [Accepted: 07/19/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs, Batten disease) are recessively inherited neurodegenerative disorders that affect humans and other animals, characterised by brain atrophy and the accumulation of lysosome derived fluorescent storage bodies in neurons and most other cells. Common clinical signs include blindness, ataxia, dementia, seizures and premature death. The associated genes for six different human forms have been identified (CLN1, CLN2, CLN3, CLN5, CLN6 and CLN8), and three other human forms suggested (CLNs 4, 7 and 9). A form of NCL in Australian Devon cattle is caused by a single base duplication (c.662dupG) in bovine CLN5. This mutation causes a frame-shift and premature termination (p.Arg221GlyfsX6) which is predicted to result in a severely truncated protein, analogous to disease causing mutations in human Finnish late infantile variant NCL (CLN5), and a simple genetic diagnostic test has been developed. The symptoms and disease course in cattle also matches CLN5. Only one initiation site was found in the bovine gene, equivalent to the third of four possible initiation sites in the human gene. As cattle are anatomically and physiologically similar to humans with a human-like central nervous system and easy to maintain and breed, they provide a valuable alternative model for CLN5 studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Houweling
- Centre for Advanced Technologies in Animal Genetics and Reproduction (Reprogen), Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, PMB3, Camden NSW, Australia
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35
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Cavanagh JAL, Tammen I, Hayden MJ, Gill CA, Nicholas FW, Raadsma HW. Characterization of the bovine aggrecan gene: genomic structure and physical and linkage mapping. Anim Genet 2006; 36:452-4. [PMID: 16167996 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2005.01340.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J A L Cavanagh
- Centre for Advanced Technologies in Animal Genetics and Reproduction (Reprogen), Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camden NSW 2570, Australia.
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36
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Abstract
Recent developments in mammalian biotechnologies that have been driven largely by medical bioscience, offer new opportunities for livestock industries. Major impacts may be expected in the area of reproductive, genomic and cell technologies that could lead to improved animal breeding strategies or animal production and health applications. In particular, the use of advanced reproductive technologies to select animals at very early stages of life, possibly as early as a 4-day embryo, combined with genomic technologies to predict genetic merit, could lead to significantly increased rates of genetic gain. Such advanced animal breeding technologies will depend strongly on conventional quantitative genetic evaluation systems. Genetic modification in the near future will offer targeted animal improvement options for control of health and production. Long-term impact of genetic modification on animal production systems will depend on consumer acceptance, and its perception by social, environmental and animal welfare groups. However, the opportunity to develop animal products beyond conventional boundaries may prove too attractive with genetic modification eventually being accepted as the norm. The naturally synergistic effect of ex vivo transgenic modification of embryo stem cell or somatic cell lines, combined with nuclear transfer present potentially high value propositions for development of novel and high value products. Opportunities for the mass production of elite males for use in extensive animal production systems will be possible.
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37
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Abstract
From an extensive review of public domain information on dairy cattle quantitative trait loci (QTL), we have prepared a draft online QTL map for dairy production traits. Most publications (45 out of 55 reviewed) reported QTL for the major milk production traits (milk, fat and protein yield, and fat and protein concentration (%)) and somatic cell score. Relatively few QTL studies have been reported for more complex traits such as mastitis, fertility and health. The collated QTL map shows some chromosomal regions with a high density of QTL, as well as a substantial number of QTL at single chromosomal locations. To extract the most information from these published records, a meta-analysis was conducted to obtain consensus on QTL location and allelic substitution effect of these QTL. This required modification and development of statistical methodologies. The meta-analysis indicated a number of consensus regions, the most striking being two distinct regions affecting milk yield on chromosome 6 at 49 cM and 87 cM explaining 4.2 and 3.6 percent of the genetic variance of milk yield, respectively. The first of these regions (near marker BM143) affects five separate milk production traits (protein yield, protein percent, fat yield, fat percent, as well as milk yield).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehar S Khatkar
- Centre for Advanced Technologies in Animal Genetics and Reproduction (ReproGen), and Co-operative Research Centre for Innovative Dairy Products, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, PMB 3, Camden NSW 2570, Australia
| | - Peter C Thomson
- Centre for Advanced Technologies in Animal Genetics and Reproduction (ReproGen), and Co-operative Research Centre for Innovative Dairy Products, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, PMB 3, Camden NSW 2570, Australia
| | - Imke Tammen
- Centre for Advanced Technologies in Animal Genetics and Reproduction (ReproGen), and Co-operative Research Centre for Innovative Dairy Products, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, PMB 3, Camden NSW 2570, Australia
| | - Herman W Raadsma
- Centre for Advanced Technologies in Animal Genetics and Reproduction (ReproGen), and Co-operative Research Centre for Innovative Dairy Products, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, PMB 3, Camden NSW 2570, Australia
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38
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Abstract
From an extensive review of public domain information on dairy cattle quantitative trait loci (QTL), we have prepared a draft online QTL map for dairy production traits. Most publications (45 out of 55 reviewed) reported QTL for the major milk production traits (milk, fat and protein yield, and fat and protein concentration (%)) and somatic cell score. Relatively few QTL studies have been reported for more complex traits such as mastitis, fertility and health. The collated QTL map shows some chromosomal regions with a high density of QTL, as well as a substantial number of QTL at single chromosomal locations. To extract the most information from these published records, a meta-analysis was conducted to obtain consensus on QTL location and allelic substitution effect of these QTL. This required modification and development of statistical methodologies. The meta-analysis indicated a number of consensus regions, the most striking being two distinct regions affecting milk yield on chromosome 6 at 49 cM and 87 cM explaining 4.2 and 3.6 percent of the genetic variance of milk yield, respectively. The first of these regions (near marker BM143) affects five separate milk production traits (protein yield, protein percent, fat yield, fat percent, as well as milk yield).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehar S Khatkar
- Centre for Advanced Technologies in Animal Genetics and Reproduction (ReproGen), and Co-operative Research Centre for Innovative Dairy Products, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, PMB 3, Camden NSW 2570, Australia
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39
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Gongora* J, Peltoniemi O, Tammen I, Raadsma H, Moran C. Analyses of Possible Domestic Pig Contribution in Two Populations of Finnish Farmed Wild Boar. ACTA AGR SCAND A-AN 2003. [DOI: 10.1080/09064710310010602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Guérin G, Bailey E, Bernoco D, Anderson I, Antczak DF, Bell K, Biros I, Bjørnstad G, Bowling AT, Brandon R, Caetano AR, Cholewinski G, Colling D, Eggleston M, Ellis N, Flynn J, Gralak B, Hasegawa T, Ketchum M, Lindgren G, Lyons LA, Millon LV, Mariat D, Murray J, Neau A, Røed K, Sandberg K, Skow LC, Tammen I, Tozaki T, Van Dyk E, Weiss B, Young A, Ziegle J. The second generation of the International Equine Gene Mapping Workshop half-sibling linkage map. Anim Genet 2003; 34:161-8. [PMID: 12755815 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2052.2003.00973.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A low-density, male-based linkage map was constructed as one of the objectives of the International Equine Gene Mapping Workshop. Here we report the second generation map based on testing 503 half-sibling offspring from 13 sire families for 344 informative markers using the CRIMAP program. The multipoint linkage analysis localized 310 markers (90%) with 257 markers being linearly ordered. The map included 34 linkage groups representing all 31 autosomes and spanning 2262 cM with an average interval between loci of 10.1 cM. This map is a milestone in that it is the first map with linkage groups assigned to each of the 31 automosomes and a single linkage group to all but three chromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Guérin
- Centre de Recherche de Jouy, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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41
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterise neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL) in Merino sheep. DESIGN A prospective clinical, pathological, biochemical and genetic study. PROCEDURE NCL cases were studied from a medium-wool Merino flock, the stud of origin of its replacement rams, and an experimental flock established at the University of Sydney. RESULTS Behavioural changes and visual impairment were first detected at 7 to 12 months of age and progressed, with associated motor disturbances and at later stages seizures, to premature death by 27 months of age. At necropsy there was severe cerebrocortical atrophy associated with neuronal loss, astrocytosis and the presence in neurons of eosinophilic intracytoplasmic storage bodies with the characteristics of a lipopigment. In the retina there was progressive loss of photoreceptor cells. Storage bodies isolated from fresh brain, liver and pancreas formed electron-dense aggregates and coarse multilamellar and fine fingerprint profiles ultrastructurally, and consisted mainly of the hydrophobic protein, subunit c of mitochondrial ATP synthase. A homozygosity mapping approach localised the gene causing the disease in Merino sheep to the chromosomal region (OAR7q13-15) associated with NCL in South Hampshire sheep. CONCLUSION NCL in Merino sheep is a subunit c-storing disease, clinically and pathologically similar to NCL in South Hampshire sheep. We propose that the disease in both breeds represents mutation at the same gene locus in chromosomal region OAR7q13-15.
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Affiliation(s)
- R W Cook
- NSW Agriculture, Regional Veterinary Laboratory, Wollongbar
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42
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Abstract
In 1997, neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL) was identified for the first time in Merino sheep in Australia. A homozygosity mapping approach localized the disease gene in Merino sheep to the same region on chromosome 7 in which NCL was recently mapped in South Hampshire sheep. This region shows conserved synteny with the region on human chromosome 15 in which the human late infantile NCL variant CLN6 was mapped. NCL in Merino and South Hampshire sheep are therefore potential animal models for the human late infantile variant CLN6.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Tammen
- Centre for Advanced Technologies in Animal Genetics and Reproduction (ReproGen), University of Sydney, 425 Werombi Road, Camden NSW 2570, Australia.
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Tammen I, Larsson U, Bergknut N, Barendse W, Moran C, Dennis JA. Physical and linkage mapping of the bovine acidic alpha-glucosidase gene to chromosome 19. Anim Genet 2000; 31:285-6. [PMID: 11086545 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2052.2000.00661.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I Tammen
- ReproGen, Centre for Advanced Technologies in Animal Genetics and Reproduction, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, Australia
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44
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Tammen I, Warren WC, Raadsma HW. Physical and linkage mapping of the bovine zinc transporter 4 (ZNT4) gene to chromosome 10. Anim Genet 1999; 30:474-5. [PMID: 10612253 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2052.1999.00498-15.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I Tammen
- Centre for Advanced Technologies in Animal Genetics and Reproduction, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Sydney, Camden, Australia.
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45
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Tammen I, Schulze O, Chavez-Moreno J, Waberski D, Simon D, Harlizius B. Inheritance and genetic mapping of the Campus syndrome (CPS): a high-frequency tremor disease in pigs. J Hered 1999; 90:472-6. [PMID: 10485136 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/90.4.472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A new progressive tremor disorder called Campus syndrome (CPS) was observed among the progeny of a normal boar of the Pietrain breed in Germany. Extensive backcross experiments indicate that CPS is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait, and the founder boar, Campus, is believed to be a gonadal mosaic. A linkage analysis of 57 animals mapped the CPS gene to a region on porcine chromosome 7 flanked by the markers SW1418 and SW352, which is homologous to a part of human chromosome (HSA) 14. Human dominant distal myopathy type 1 (MPD1) has been mapped to the homologous region of HSA14. As the myopathological findings in MDP1 show striking similarities to CPS, this porcine disorder may serve as an animal model for MPD1.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Tammen
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Hanover School of Veterinary Medicine, Germany.
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46
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Abstract
Four microsatellite markers (S0078, SWR1210, SW732, and SW304) taken from the linkage map of porcine chromosome 7 were assigned to the cytogenetic map of pig chromosome 7 by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis of selected yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs). These four new polymorphic cytogenetic markers provide additional anchor points for integrating the linkage and cytogenetic maps of chromosomal region 7q.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Tammen
- Institut für Tierzucht und Vererbungsforschung, Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover, Germany
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47
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Tammen I. Genetic mapping of CHRNA3 and CHRNB4 to pig chromosome 7 extends the syntenic conservation with human chromosome 15 and mouse chromosome 9. Mamm Genome 1998; 9:263-4. [PMID: 9501320 DOI: 10.1007/s003359900743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- I Tammen
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Hanover School of Veterinary Medicine, Germany
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48
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Harlizius B, Tammen I, Eichler K, Eggen A, Hetzel DJ. New markers on bovine chromosome 1 are closely linked to the polled gene in Simmental and Pinzgauer cattle. Mamm Genome 1997; 8:255-7. [PMID: 9096105 DOI: 10.1007/s003359900404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, four new markers located on bovine Chromosome 1 were tested for linkage with the polled condition in the Simmental and Pinzgauer breeds. The microsatellites INRA212 (D1S42) and the gene for keratin-associated protein 8 (KAP8) show significant linkage with polled at theta = 0.00 (Lod = 6.92), and theta = 0.033 (Lod = 6. 52) respectively. The microsatellite INRA117 (D1S20) and the gene for interferon-alpha receptor (IFNAR) show maximum Lod scores of 2.1 and 1.8 at a recombination rate of zero.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Harlizius
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Hannover School of Veterinary Medicine, Bünteweg 17p, D-30559 Hannover, Germany
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49
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Tammen I, Ferretti L. A bovine polymorphic microsatellite locus IDVGA68 (D16S23) assigned to BTA 16. Anim Genet 1996; 27:433. [PMID: 9022160 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.1996.tb00512.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- I Tammen
- Institut für Tierzucht und Vererbungsforschung, Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover, Germany
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50
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Abstract
A modified DNA test, based on the polymerase chain reaction, was developed for the monogenic recessive disease bovine leucocyte adhesion deficiency (BLAD). The test was improved by the selection of new primers which facilitated the interpretation of the results. An easily scorable banding pattern makes the test useful in cattle breeding schemes and for clinical diagnosis. A total of 2381 samples was analysed over a period of three years. The carrier rate among young bulls at artificial insemination (AI) stations decreased from 11.6 per cent in 1993 to 9.9 per cent in the first five months of 1995. Continuous screening of young bulls before entering AI is still recommended unless both parents are proven to be genetically free of BLAD. The carrier rate among clinically suspect animals was not increased, and carriers are therefore not expected to be immunodeficient. Despite all efforts to eradicate the disease, calves with BLAD were still observed in 1995.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Tammen
- Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics, Hanover School of Veterinary Sciences, Germany
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