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Phillips HRP, Bach EM, Bartz MLC, Bennett JM, Beugnon R, Briones MJI, Brown GG, Ferlian O, Gongalsky KB, Guerra CA, König-Ries B, Krebs JJ, Orgiazzi A, Ramirez KS, Russell DJ, Schwarz B, Wall DH, Brose U, Decaëns T, Lavelle P, Loreau M, Mathieu J, Mulder C, van der Putten WH, Rillig MC, Thakur MP, de Vries FT, Wardle DA, Ammer C, Ammer S, Arai M, Ayuke FO, Baker GH, Baretta D, Barkusky D, Beauséjour R, Bedano JC, Birkhofer K, Blanchart E, Blossey B, Bolger T, Bradley RL, Brossard M, Burtis JC, Capowiez Y, Cavagnaro TR, Choi A, Clause J, Cluzeau D, Coors A, Crotty FV, Crumsey JM, Dávalos A, Cosín DJD, Dobson AM, Domínguez A, Duhour AE, van Eekeren N, Emmerling C, Falco LB, Fernández R, Fonte SJ, Fragoso C, Franco ALC, Fusilero A, Geraskina AP, Gholami S, González G, Gundale MJ, López MG, Hackenberger BK, Hackenberger DK, Hernández LM, Hirth JR, Hishi T, Holdsworth AR, Holmstrup M, Hopfensperger KN, Lwanga EH, Huhta V, Hurisso TT, Iannone BV, Iordache M, Irmler U, Ivask M, Jesús JB, Johnson-Maynard JL, Joschko M, Kaneko N, Kanianska R, Keith AM, Kernecker ML, Koné AW, Kooch Y, Kukkonen ST, Lalthanzara H, Lammel DR, Lebedev IM, Le Cadre E, Lincoln NK, López-Hernández D, Loss SR, Marichal R, Matula R, Minamiya Y, Moos JH, Moreno G, Morón-Ríos A, Motohiro H, Muys B, Neirynck J, Norgrove L, Novo M, Nuutinen V, Nuzzo V, Mujeeb Rahman P, Pansu J, Paudel S, Pérès G, Pérez-Camacho L, Ponge JF, Prietzel J, Rapoport IB, Rashid MI, Rebollo S, Rodríguez MÁ, Roth AM, Rousseau GX, Rozen A, Sayad E, van Schaik L, Scharenbroch B, Schirrmann M, Schmidt O, Schröder B, Seeber J, Shashkov MP, Singh J, Smith SM, Steinwandter M, Szlavecz K, Talavera JA, Trigo D, Tsukamoto J, Uribe-López S, de Valença AW, Virto I, Wackett AA, Warren MW, Webster ER, Wehr NH, Whalen JK, Wironen MB, Wolters V, Wu P, Zenkova IV, Zhang W, Cameron EK, Eisenhauer N. Global data on earthworm abundance, biomass, diversity and corresponding environmental properties. Sci Data 2021; 8:136. [PMID: 34021166 PMCID: PMC8140120 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-021-00912-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Earthworms are an important soil taxon as ecosystem engineers, providing a variety of crucial ecosystem functions and services. Little is known about their diversity and distribution at large spatial scales, despite the availability of considerable amounts of local-scale data. Earthworm diversity data, obtained from the primary literature or provided directly by authors, were collated with information on site locations, including coordinates, habitat cover, and soil properties. Datasets were required, at a minimum, to include abundance or biomass of earthworms at a site. Where possible, site-level species lists were included, as well as the abundance and biomass of individual species and ecological groups. This global dataset contains 10,840 sites, with 184 species, from 60 countries and all continents except Antarctica. The data were obtained from 182 published articles, published between 1973 and 2017, and 17 unpublished datasets. Amalgamating data into a single global database will assist researchers in investigating and answering a wide variety of pressing questions, for example, jointly assessing aboveground and belowground biodiversity distributions and drivers of biodiversity change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen R P Phillips
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany. .,Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Puschstrasse 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany. .,Department of Environmental Science, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
| | - Elizabeth M Bach
- Global Soil Biodiversity Initiative and School of Global Environmental Sustainability, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.,Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Marie L C Bartz
- Universidade Positivo, Rua Prof. Pedro Viriato Parigot de Souza, 5300, Curitiba, PR, 81280-330, Brazil.,Center of Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martins de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joanne M Bennett
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Am Kirchtor 1, 06108, Halle (Saale), Germany.,Centre for Applied Water Science, Institute for Applied Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
| | - Rémy Beugnon
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Puschstrasse 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maria J I Briones
- Departamento de Ecología y Biología Animal, Universidad de Vigo, 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - George G Brown
- Embrapa Forestry, Estrada da Ribeira, km. 111, C.P. 231, Colombo, PR, 83411-000, Brazil
| | - Olga Ferlian
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Puschstrasse 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Konstantin B Gongalsky
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr., 33, Moscow, 119071, Russia.,M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Carlos A Guerra
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Am Kirchtor 1, 06108, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Birgitta König-Ries
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Computer Science, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Ernst-Abbe-Platz 2, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Julia J Krebs
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Puschstrasse 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Kelly S Ramirez
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), 6700, Wageningen, AB, The Netherlands
| | - David J Russell
- Senckenberg Museum for Natural History Görlitz, Department of Soil Zoology, 02826, Görlitz, Germany
| | - Benjamin Schwarz
- Biometry and Environmental System Analysis, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacher Str. 4, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Diana H Wall
- Global Soil Biodiversity Initiative and School of Global Environmental Sustainability, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.,Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Ulrich Brose
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger-Str. 159, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Thibaud Decaëns
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France
| | - Patrick Lavelle
- Sorbonne Université, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Michel Loreau
- Centre for Biodiversity Theory and Modelling, Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station, CNRS, 09200, Moulis, France
| | - Jérôme Mathieu
- Sorbonne Université, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris (UMR 7618 IEES-Paris, CNRS, INRA, UPMC, IRD, UPEC), 4 place Jussieu, 75000, Paris, France.,INRA, IRD, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Christian Mulder
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Via Androne 81, 95124, Catania, Italy
| | - Wim H van der Putten
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), 6700, Wageningen, AB, The Netherlands.,Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University, PO Box 8123, 6700, Wageningen, ES, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias C Rillig
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Madhav P Thakur
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), 6700, Wageningen, AB, The Netherlands
| | - Franciska T de Vries
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David A Wardle
- Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Christian Ammer
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Landuse, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, Göttingen, Germany.,Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sabine Ammer
- Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Miwa Arai
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 3-1-3 Kan-nondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Fredrick O Ayuke
- Land Resource Management and Agricultural Technology, University of Nairobi, Kapenguria Road, Off Naivasha Road, P.O Box 29053, Nairobi, Kenya.,Rwanda Institute for Conservation Agriculture, KG 541, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Geoff H Baker
- Health & Biosecurity, CSIRO, PO Box 1700, Canberra, Australia
| | - Dilmar Baretta
- Department of Animal Science, Santa Catarina State University, Chapecó, SC, 89815-630, Brazil
| | - Dietmar Barkusky
- Experimental Infrastructure Platform (EIP), Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Eberswalder Str. 84, Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Robin Beauséjour
- Départment de biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Jose C Bedano
- Geology Department, FCEFQyN, ICBIA-CONICET (National Scientific and Technical Research Council), National University of Rio Cuarto, Ruta 36 Km, 601, Río Cuarto, Argentina
| | - Klaus Birkhofer
- Department of Ecology, Brandenburg University of Technology, Konrad-Wachsmann-Allee 6, Cottbus, Germany
| | - Eric Blanchart
- Eco&Sols, Univ Montpellier, IRD, INRAE, CIRAD, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Bernd Blossey
- Natural Resources, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Thomas Bolger
- Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, 4, Ireland.,School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Robert L Bradley
- Départment de biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Michel Brossard
- Eco&Sols, Univ Montpellier, IRD, INRAE, CIRAD, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - James C Burtis
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, 3132, Comstock Hall, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Yvan Capowiez
- EMMAH, UMR 1114, INRA, Site Agroparc, Avignon, France
| | - Timothy R Cavagnaro
- The School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, Australia
| | - Amy Choi
- Faculty of Forestry, University of Toronto, 33 Willcocks Street, Toronto, Canada
| | - Julia Clause
- Laboratoire Écologie et Biologie des Interactions, équipe EES, UMR CNRS 7267, Université de Poitiers, 5 rue Albert Turpain, Poitiers, France
| | - Daniel Cluzeau
- UMR ECOBIO (Ecosystems, Biodiversity, Evolution) CNRS-Université de Rennes, Station Biologique, 35380, Paimpont, France
| | - Anja Coors
- ECT Oekotoxikologie GmbH, Boettgerstr. 2-14, Floersheim, Germany
| | - Felicity V Crotty
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth Universtiy, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, SY24 3EE, United Kingdom.,School for Agriculture, Food and the Environment, Royal Agricultural University, Stroud Road, Cirencester, GL7 6JS, United Kingdom
| | - Jasmine M Crumsey
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, 140 E Green Street, Athens, USA
| | - Andrea Dávalos
- Department of Biological Sciencies, SUNY Cortland, 1215 Bowers Hall, Cortland, USA
| | - Darío J Díaz Cosín
- Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution, Faculty of Biology, University Complutense of Madrid, José Antonio Novais, 12, Madrid, Spain
| | - Annise M Dobson
- Yale School of the Environment, Yale University, 370 Prospect St, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Anahí Domínguez
- Geology Department, FCEFQyN, ICBIA-CONICET (National Scientific and Technical Research Council), National University of Rio Cuarto, Ruta 36 Km, 601, Río Cuarto, Argentina
| | - Andrés Esteban Duhour
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Argentina - INEDES (Universidad Nacional de Luján - CONICET), Luján, Argentina
| | | | - Christoph Emmerling
- Department of Soil Science, University of Trier, Campus II, Behringstraße 21, Trier, Germany
| | - Liliana B Falco
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Instituto de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Av. Constitución y Ruta 5, Luján, Argentina
| | - Rosa Fernández
- Animal Biodiversity and Evolution, Institute of Evolutionary Biology, Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Steven J Fonte
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, 1170 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Carlos Fragoso
- Biodiversity and Systematic Network, Institute of Ecology A.C., El Haya, Xalapa, Veracruz, 91070, Mexico
| | - André L C Franco
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, 200 West Lake Street, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Abegail Fusilero
- Department of Biological Sciences and Environmental Studies, University of the Philippines Mindanao, Tugbok District, Davao, Philippines.,Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Aquatic Ecology, Environmental Toxicology Unit - GhEnToxLab, Ghent University, Campus Coupure, Coupure Links 653, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anna P Geraskina
- Center for Forest Ecology and Productivity RAS, Profsoyuznaya st. 84/32 bldg. 14, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Grizelle González
- United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, International Institute of Tropical Forestry, 1201 Ceiba Street, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Michael J Gundale
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Skogsmarksgrand 17, 901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mónica Gutiérrez López
- Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution, Faculty of Biology, University Complutense of Madrid, José Antonio Novais, 12, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Luis M Hernández
- Agriculture engineering, Agroecology Postgraduate Program, Maranhão State University, Avenida Lourenço Vieira da Silva 1000, São Luis, Brazil
| | - Jeff R Hirth
- Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, Agriculture Victoria, Chiltern Valley Road, Rutherglen, Australia
| | - Takuo Hishi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 394 Tsubakuro, Sasaguri, Fukuoka, 811-2415, Japan
| | | | - Martin Holmstrup
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kristine N Hopfensperger
- Department of Biological Science, Northern Kentucky University, 1 Nunn Drive, Highland Heights, KY, USA
| | - Esperanza Huerta Lwanga
- Agricultura Sociedad y Ambiente, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Av. Polígono s/n Cd. Industrial Lerma, Campeche, Campeche, Mexico.,Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsteeg 4, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Veikko Huhta
- Dept. of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Box 35, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Tunsisa T Hurisso
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, 1170 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO, USA.,College of Agriculture, Environmental and Human Sciences, Lincoln University of Missouri, Jefferson City, MO, 65101, USA
| | - Basil V Iannone
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Madalina Iordache
- Sustainable Development and Environmental Engineering, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Banat "King Michael the 1st of Romania" from Timisoara, Calea Aradului 119, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ulrich Irmler
- Institute for Ecosystem Research, University of Kiel, Olshausenstrasse 40, 24098, Kiel, Germany
| | - Mari Ivask
- Tartu College, Tallinn University of Technology, Puiestee 78, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Juan B Jesús
- Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution, Faculty of Biology, University Complutense of Madrid, José Antonio Novais, 12, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jodi L Johnson-Maynard
- Department of Soil and Water Systems, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Drive MS, 2340, Moscow, USA
| | - Monika Joschko
- Experimental Infrastructure Platform (EIP), Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Eberswalder Str. 84, Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Nobuhiro Kaneko
- Faculty of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Fukushima University, Kanayagawa 1, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Radoslava Kanianska
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Matej Bel University, Tajovského 40, Banská Bystrica, Slovakia
| | - Aidan M Keith
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Maria L Kernecker
- Land Use and Governance, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Eberswalder Str. 84, Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Armand W Koné
- UFR Sciences de la Nature, UR Gestion Durable des Sols, Université Nangui Abrogoua, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Yahya Kooch
- Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, 46417-76489, Noor, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Sanna T Kukkonen
- Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland, Survontie 9 A, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - H Lalthanzara
- Department of Zoology, Pachhunga University College, Aizawl, Mizoram, India
| | - Daniel R Lammel
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Iurii M Lebedev
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr., 33, Moscow, 119071, Russia.,M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1, Moscow, 119991, Russia.,Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 30-1 Bolshoy Boulevard, Moscow, 121205, Russia
| | | | - Noa K Lincoln
- Tropical Plant and Soil Sciences, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, 3190 Maile Way, St. John 102, Honolulu, USA
| | - Danilo López-Hernández
- Ecologia Aplicada, Instituto de Zoologia y Ecologia Tropical, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Los Chaguaramos, Ciudad Universitaria, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Scott R Loss
- Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Oklahoma State University, 008C, Ag Hall, Stillwater, USA
| | - Raphael Marichal
- UPR Systèmes de Pérennes, CIRAD, Univ Montpellier, TA B-34/02 Avenue Agropolis, Montpellier, France
| | - Radim Matula
- Department of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Yukio Minamiya
- Tochigi Prefectural Museum, 2-2 Mutsumi-cho, Utsunomiya, Japan
| | - Jan Hendrik Moos
- Thuenen-Institute of Biodiversity, Bundesallee 65, Braunschweig, Germany.,Thuenen-Institute of Organic Farming, Trenthorst 32, Westerau, Germany
| | - Gerardo Moreno
- Plant Biology, Ecology and Earth Science, INDEHESA, University of Extremadura, Plasencia, Spain
| | - Alejandro Morón-Ríos
- Conservación de la Biodiversidad, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Av. Rancho, poligono 2 A, Cd. Industrial de Lerma, Campeche, Mexico
| | - Hasegawa Motohiro
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University, Kyoto, 602-8580, Japan
| | - Bart Muys
- Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Division of Forest, Nature and Landscape, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200E Box, 2411, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johan Neirynck
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest, Gaverstraat 35, 9500, Geraardsbergen, Belgium
| | - Lindsey Norgrove
- School of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Länggasse 85, Zollikofen, Switzerland
| | - Marta Novo
- Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution, Faculty of Biology, University Complutense of Madrid, José Antonio Novais, 12, Madrid, Spain
| | - Visa Nuutinen
- Soil Ecosystems, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Tietotie 4, Jokioinen, Finland
| | - Victoria Nuzzo
- Natural Area Consultants, 1 West Hill School Road, Richford, NY, USA
| | - P Mujeeb Rahman
- Department of Zoology, PSMO College, Tirurangadi, Malappuram, Kerala, India, Malappuram, India
| | - Johan Pansu
- CSIRO Ocean and Atmosphere, CSIRO, New Illawarra Road, Lucas Heights, NSW, Australia.,UMR7144 Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CNRS/Sorbonne Université, Place Georges Teissier, Roscoff, France
| | - Shishir Paudel
- Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Oklahoma State University, 008C, Ag Hall, Stillwater, USA.,Phipps Conservatory and Botanical Gardens, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Guénola Pérès
- UMR ECOBIO (Ecosystems, Biodiversity, Evolution) CNRS-Université de Rennes, Station Biologique, 35380, Paimpont, France.,UMR SAS, INRAE, Institut Agro Agrocampus Ouest, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Lorenzo Pérez-Camacho
- Forest Ecology and Restoration Group, Department of Life Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28805, Alcalá De Henares, Spain
| | - Jean-François Ponge
- Adaptations du Vivant, CNRS UMR 7179, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 4 Avenue du Petit Château, Brunoy, France
| | - Jörg Prietzel
- Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Technical University of Munich, Emil-Ramann-Str. 2, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Irina B Rapoport
- Tembotov Institute of Ecology of Mountain Territories, Russian Academy of Sciences, I. Armand, 37a, Nalchik, Russia
| | - Muhammad Imtiaz Rashid
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies, King Abdulaziz University, P.O Box 80216, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salvador Rebollo
- Forest Ecology and Restoration Group, Department of Life Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28805, Alcalá De Henares, Spain
| | - Miguel Á Rodríguez
- Global Change Ecology and Evolution Research Group (GloCEE), Department of Life Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28805, Alcalá De Henares, Spain
| | - Alexander M Roth
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, 1530, Cleveland Ave. N, St. Paul, USA.,Friends of the Mississippi River, 101 E 5th St. Suite 2000, St Paul, USA
| | - Guillaume X Rousseau
- Agriculture engineering, Agroecology Postgraduate Program, Maranhão State University, Avenida Lourenço Vieira da Silva 1000, São Luis, Brazil.,Biology, Biodiversity and Conservation Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Maranhão, Avenida dos Portugueses 1966, São Luis, Brazil
| | - Anna Rozen
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Loes van Schaik
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsteeg 4, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bryant Scharenbroch
- College of Natural Resources, University of Wisconsin, Stevens Point, WI, 54481, USA.,The Morton Arboretum, 4100 Illinois Route 53, Lisle, IL, 60532, USA
| | - Michael Schirrmann
- Department Engineering for Crop Production, Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Max-Eyth-Allee 100, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Olaf Schmidt
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Agriculture and Food Science Centre, Dublin, Ireland.,UCD Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Boris Schröder
- Landscape Ecology and Environmental Systems Analysis, Institute of Geoecology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Langer Kamp 19c, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Julia Seeber
- Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, Innsbruck, Austria.,Institute for Alpine Environment, Eurac Research, Viale Druso 1, Bozen/Bolzano, Italy
| | - Maxim P Shashkov
- Laboratory of Ecosystem Modelling, Institute of Physicochemical and Biological Problems in Soil Science of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya str., 2, Pushchino, Russia.,Laboratory of Computational Ecology, Institute of Mathematical Problems of Biology RAS - the Branch of Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vitkevicha str., 1, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Jaswinder Singh
- Department of Zoology, Khalsa College Amritsar, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Sandy M Smith
- Faculty of Forestry, University of Toronto, 33 Willcocks Street, Toronto, Canada
| | - Michael Steinwandter
- Institute for Alpine Environment, Eurac Research, Viale Druso 1, Bozen/Bolzano, Italy
| | - Katalin Szlavecz
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, USA
| | - José Antonio Talavera
- Department of animal biology, edaphology and geology, Faculty of Sciences (Biology), University of La Laguna, La Laguna, Santa Cruz De Tenerife, Spain
| | - Dolores Trigo
- Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution, Faculty of Biology, University Complutense of Madrid, José Antonio Novais, 12, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jiro Tsukamoto
- Forest Science, Kochi University, Monobe Otsu 200, Nankoku, Japan
| | - Sheila Uribe-López
- Juárez Autonomous University of Tabasco, Nanotechnology Engineering, Multidisciplinary Academic Division of Jalpa de Méndez, Carr. Estatal libre Villahermosa-Comalcalco, Km 27 S/N, C.P. 86205 Jalpa de Méndez, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - Anne W de Valença
- Unit Food & Agriculture, WWF-Netherlands, Driebergseweg 10, Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - Iñigo Virto
- Dpto. Ciencias, IS-FOOD, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Edificio Olivos - Campus Arrosadia, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Adrian A Wackett
- Department of Soil, Water and Climate, University of Minnesota, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, USA
| | - Matthew W Warren
- Earth Innovation Institute, 98 Battery Street Suite 250, San Francisco, USA
| | - Emily R Webster
- University of California Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, USA
| | - Nathaniel H Wehr
- Natural Resources & Environmental Management, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1910 East West Rd, Honolulu, USA
| | - Joann K Whalen
- Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Canada
| | | | - Volkmar Wolters
- Animal Ecology, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26, Giessen, Germany
| | - Pengfei Wu
- Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Irina V Zenkova
- Laboratory of terrestrial ecosystems, Federal Research Centre "Kola Science Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Institute of North Industrial Ecology Problems (INEP KSC RAS), Akademgorodok, 14a, Apatity, Murmansk, Province, Russia
| | - Weixin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions (Henan University), Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Erin K Cameron
- Department of Environmental Science, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.,Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Post Office Box 65, FI 00014, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nico Eisenhauer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Puschstrasse 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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Phillips HRP, Guerra CA, Bartz MLC, Briones MJI, Brown G, Crowther TW, Ferlian O, Gongalsky KB, van den Hoogen J, Krebs J, Orgiazzi A, Routh D, Schwarz B, Bach EM, Bennett J, Brose U, Decaëns T, König-Ries B, Loreau M, Mathieu J, Mulder C, van der Putten WH, Ramirez KS, Rillig MC, Russell D, Rutgers M, Thakur MP, de Vries FT, Wall DH, Wardle DA, Arai M, Ayuke FO, Baker GH, Beauséjour R, Bedano JC, Birkhofer K, Blanchart E, Blossey B, Bolger T, Bradley RL, Callaham MA, Capowiez Y, Caulfield ME, Choi A, Crotty FV, Dávalos A, Cosin DJD, Dominguez A, Duhour AE, van Eekeren N, Emmerling C, Falco LB, Fernández R, Fonte SJ, Fragoso C, Franco ALC, Fugère M, Fusilero AT, Gholami S, Gundale MJ, López MG, Hackenberger DK, Hernández LM, Hishi T, Holdsworth AR, Holmstrup M, Hopfensperger KN, Lwanga EH, Huhta V, Hurisso TT, Iannone BV, Iordache M, Joschko M, Kaneko N, Kanianska R, Keith AM, Kelly CA, Kernecker ML, Klaminder J, Koné AW, Kooch Y, Kukkonen ST, Lalthanzara H, Lammel DR, Lebedev IM, Li Y, Lidon JBJ, Lincoln NK, Loss SR, Marichal R, Matula R, Moos JH, Moreno G, Morón-Ríos A, Muys B, Neirynck J, Norgrove L, Novo M, Nuutinen V, Nuzzo V, Rahman P M, Pansu J, Paudel S, Pérès G, Pérez-Camacho L, Piñeiro R, Ponge JF, Rashid MI, Rebollo S, Rodeiro-Iglesias J, Rodríguez MÁ, Roth AM, Rousseau GX, Rozen A, Sayad E, van Schaik L, Scharenbroch BC, Schirrmann M, Schmidt O, Schröder B, Seeber J, Shashkov MP, Singh J, Smith SM, Steinwandter M, Talavera JA, Trigo D, Tsukamoto J, de Valença AW, Vanek SJ, Virto I, Wackett AA, Warren MW, Wehr NH, Whalen JK, Wironen MB, Wolters V, Zenkova IV, Zhang W, Cameron EK, Eisenhauer N. Global distribution of earthworm diversity. Science 2019; 366:480-485. [PMID: 31649197 PMCID: PMC7335308 DOI: 10.1126/science.aax4851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Soil organisms, including earthworms, are a key component of terrestrial ecosystems. However, little is known about their diversity, their distribution, and the threats affecting them. We compiled a global dataset of sampled earthworm communities from 6928 sites in 57 countries as a basis for predicting patterns in earthworm diversity, abundance, and biomass. We found that local species richness and abundance typically peaked at higher latitudes, displaying patterns opposite to those observed in aboveground organisms. However, high species dissimilarity across tropical locations may cause diversity across the entirety of the tropics to be higher than elsewhere. Climate variables were found to be more important in shaping earthworm communities than soil properties or habitat cover. These findings suggest that climate change may have serious implications for earthworm communities and for the functions they provide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen R P Phillips
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Carlos A Guerra
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06108 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | | | - Maria J I Briones
- Departamento de Ecología y Biología Animal, Universidad de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | | | - Thomas W Crowther
- Crowther Lab, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Olga Ferlian
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Konstantin B Gongalsky
- A. N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia
- M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Johan van den Hoogen
- Crowther Lab, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Julia Krebs
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Devin Routh
- Crowther Lab, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Schwarz
- Biometry and Environmental System Analysis, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Elizabeth M Bach
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
- Global Soil Biodiversity Initiative and School of Global Environmental Sustainability, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Joanne Bennett
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06108 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Ulrich Brose
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Thibaud Decaëns
- CEFE, UMR 5175, CNRS-Univ Montpellier-Univ Paul-Valéry-EPHE-SupAgro Montpellier-INRA-IRD, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Birgitta König-Ries
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Computer Science, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Michel Loreau
- Centre for Biodiversity Theory and Modeling, Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station, CNRS, 09200 Moulis, France
| | - Jérôme Mathieu
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UPEC, Paris 7, INRA, IRD, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Christian Mulder
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Wim H van der Putten
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), 6700 AB Wageningen, Netherlands
- Laboratory of Nematology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Kelly S Ramirez
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), 6700 AB Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Matthias C Rillig
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - David Russell
- Department of Soil Zoology, Senckenberg Museum for Natural History Görlitz, 02826 Görlitz, Germany
| | - Michiel Rutgers
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Madhav P Thakur
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), 6700 AB Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Franciska T de Vries
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, 1012 WX Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Diana H Wall
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
- Global Soil Biodiversity Initiative and School of Global Environmental Sustainability, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - David A Wardle
- Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore
| | - Miwa Arai
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba 305-8604, Japan
| | - Fredrick O Ayuke
- Department of Land Resource Management and Agricultural Technology (LARMAT), College of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi 00625, Kenya
| | - Geoff H Baker
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Robin Beauséjour
- Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - José C Bedano
- Geology Department, FCEFQyN, ICBIA-CONICET (National Scientific and Technical Research Council), National University of Río Cuarto, X5804 BYA Río Cuarto, Argentina
| | - Klaus Birkhofer
- Department of Ecology, Brandenburg University of Technology, 03046 Cottbus, Germany
| | - Eric Blanchart
- Eco&Sols, University of Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, 34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Bernd Blossey
- Department of Natural Resources, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Thomas Bolger
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- UCD Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Robert L Bradley
- Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Mac A Callaham
- USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Yvan Capowiez
- UMR 1114 "EMMAH," INRA, Site Agroparc, 84914 Avignon, France
| | - Mark E Caulfield
- Farming Systems Ecology, Wageningen University and Research, 6700 AK Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Amy Choi
- Faculty of Forestry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3B3, Canada
| | - Felicity V Crotty
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3EE, UK
- School of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Royal Agricultural University, Cirencester GL7 6JS, UK
| | - Andrea Dávalos
- Department of Natural Resources, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, SUNY Cortland, Cortland, NY 13045, USA
| | - Darío J Diaz Cosin
- Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Anahí Dominguez
- Geology Department, FCEFQyN, ICBIA-CONICET (National Scientific and Technical Research Council), National University of Río Cuarto, X5804 BYA Río Cuarto, Argentina
| | - Andrés Esteban Duhour
- Laboratorio de Ecología, Instituto de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable, Universidad Nacional de Luján, 6700 Luján, Argentina
| | | | - Christoph Emmerling
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Regional and Environmental Sciences, University of Trier, Campus II, 54286 Trier, Germany
| | - Liliana B Falco
- Ciencias Básicas, Instituto de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable-INEDES, Universidad Nacional de Luján, 6700 Luján, Argentina
| | - Rosa Fernández
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Steven J Fonte
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Carlos Fragoso
- Biodiversity and Systematic Network, Instituto de Ecología A.C., Xalapa 91070, Mexico
| | - André L C Franco
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Martine Fugère
- Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Abegail T Fusilero
- Department of Biological Science and Environmental Studies, University of the Philippines-Mindanao, Barangay Mintal, 8000 Davao City, Philippines
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Aquatic Ecology, Environmental Toxicology Unit (GhEnToxLab), Ghent University (UGent), Campus Coupure, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Michael J Gundale
- Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 90183 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mónica Gutiérrez López
- Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Luis M Hernández
- Agricultural Engineering, Postgraduate Program in Agroecology, Maranhão State University, 65055-310 São Luís, Brazil
| | - Takuo Hishi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 949 Ohkawauchi, Shiiba 883-0402, Japan
| | | | - Martin Holmstrup
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark
| | | | - Esperanza Huerta Lwanga
- Agricultura Sociedad y Ambiente, Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Ciudad Industrial, Lerma, Campeche 24500, Mexico
- Soil Physics and Land Management Degradation, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Veikko Huhta
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Tunsisa T Hurisso
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
- College of Agriculture, Environmental and Human Sciences, Lincoln University of Missouri, Jefferson City, MO 65101, USA
| | - Basil V Iannone
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Madalina Iordache
- Sustainable Development and Environment Engineering, Banat's University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine "King Michael the 1st of Romania," 300645 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Monika Joschko
- Experimental Infrastructure Platform, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), 15374 Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Nobuhiro Kaneko
- Faculty of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Fukushima University, Kanayagawa 1, Fukushima City, Japan
| | - Radoslava Kanianska
- Department of Environmental Management, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Matej Bel University, Banská Bystrica, Slovakia
| | - Aidan M Keith
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4AP, UK
| | - Courtland A Kelly
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Maria L Kernecker
- Land Use and Governance, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), 15374 Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Jonatan Klaminder
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Climate Impacts Research Centre, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Armand W Koné
- UR Gestion Durable des Sols, UFR Sciences de la Nature, Université Nangui Abrogoua, 02 BP 801 Abidjan 02, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Yahya Kooch
- Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, 46417-76489, Noor, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Sanna T Kukkonen
- Production Systems, Horticulture Technologies, Natural Resources Institute Finland, 40500 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - H Lalthanzara
- Department of Zoology, Pachhunga University College, Aizawl 796001, India
| | - Daniel R Lammel
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Soil Science, ESALQ-USP, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba 13418, Brazil
| | - Iurii M Lebedev
- A. N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia
- M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Yiqing Li
- College of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Resource Management, University of Hawai'i, Hilo, HI 96720, USA
| | - Juan B Jesus Lidon
- Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Noa K Lincoln
- Tropical Plant and Soil Sciences, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Scott R Loss
- Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Raphael Marichal
- UR Systèmes de pérennes, CIRAD, Univ Montpellier, 34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Radim Matula
- Department of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 165 21 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Hendrik Moos
- Department of Soil and Environment, Forest Research Institute of Baden-Wuerttemberg, 79100 Freiburg, Germany
- Thuenen-Institute of Organic Farming, 23847 Westerau, Germany
| | - Gerardo Moreno
- Forestry School-INDEHESA, University of Extremadura, 10600 Plasencia, Spain
| | - Alejandro Morón-Ríos
- Conservación de la Biodiversidad, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, 24500 Campeche, Mexico
| | - Bart Muys
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johan Neirynck
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest, 9500 Geraardsbergen, Belgium
| | - Lindsey Norgrove
- School of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, Bern University of Applied Sciences, 3052 Zollikofen, Switzerland
| | - Marta Novo
- Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Visa Nuutinen
- Soil Ecosystems, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), 31600 Jokioinen, Finland
| | - Victoria Nuzzo
- Natural Area Consultants, 1 West Hill School Road, Richford, NY 13835, USA
| | - Mujeeb Rahman P
- Department of Zoology, Pocker Sahib Memorial Orphanage College, Tirurangadi, Malappuram, Kerala, India
| | - Johan Pansu
- CSIRO Ocean and Atmosphere, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia
- UMR7144 Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CNRS-Sorbonne Université, 29688 Roscoff, France
| | - Shishir Paudel
- Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Guénola Pérès
- UMR SAS, INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Lorenzo Pérez-Camacho
- Ecology and Forest Restoration Group, Department of Life Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá De Henares, Spain
| | - Raúl Piñeiro
- Computing, ESEI, Vigo, Edf. Politécnico-Campus As Lagoas, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Jean-François Ponge
- Adaptations du Vivant, CNRS UMR 7179, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 91800 Brunoy, France
| | - Muhammad Imtiaz Rashid
- Centre of Excellence in Environmental Studies, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Sub-campus Vehari, Vehari 61100, Pakistan
| | - Salvador Rebollo
- Ecology and Forest Restoration Group, Department of Life Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá De Henares, Spain
| | - Javier Rodeiro-Iglesias
- Departamento de Informática, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Informática, Universidad de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Miguel Á Rodríguez
- Group of Global Change Ecology and Evolution (GloCEE), Department of Life Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Alexander M Roth
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55101, USA
- Friends of the Mississippi River, 101 East Fifth Street, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Guillaume X Rousseau
- Agricultural Engineering, Postgraduate Program in Agroecology, Maranhão State University, 65055-310 São Luís, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Biodiversity and Conservation, Federal University of Maranhão, 65080-805 São Luís, Brazil
| | - Anna Rozen
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, 30-087 Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Loes van Schaik
- Institute of Ecology, Technical University of Berlin, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Michael Schirrmann
- Engineering for Crop Production, Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), 14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Olaf Schmidt
- UCD Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
| | - Boris Schröder
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Landscape Ecology and Environmental Systems Analysis, Institute of Geoecology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Julia Seeber
- Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institute for Alpine Environment, Eurac Research, 39100 Bozen/Bolzano, Italy
| | - Maxim P Shashkov
- Laboratory of Ecosystem Modeling, Institute of Physicochemical and Biological Problems in Soil Sciences, Russian Academy of Science, Pushchino 142290, Russia
- Laboratory of Computational Ecology, Institute of Mathematical Problems of Biology-Branch of Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia
| | - Jaswinder Singh
- Post Graduate Department of Zoology, Khalsa College Amritsar, Amritsar 143002, India
| | - Sandy M Smith
- John H. Daniels Faculty of Architecture, Landscape and Design, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3B3, Canada
| | | | - José A Talavera
- Department of Animal Biology, University of La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Spain
| | - Dolores Trigo
- Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jiro Tsukamoto
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kochi University, Monobe Otsu 200, Nankoku 783-8502, Japan
| | | | - Steven J Vanek
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Iñigo Virto
- Dpto. Ciencias, IS-FOOD, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Edificio Olivos-Campus Arrosadia, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Adrian A Wackett
- Soil, Water and Climate, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Matthew W Warren
- Earth Innovation Institute, 98 Battery Street, San Francisco, CA 94111, USA
| | - Nathaniel H Wehr
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Joann K Whalen
- Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue H9X 3V9, Canada
| | | | - Volkmar Wolters
- Department of Animal Ecology, Justus Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Irina V Zenkova
- Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecosystems, Kola Science Centre, Institute of the North Industrial Ecology Problems, Apatity 184211, Russia
| | - Weixin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions (Henan University), Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Erin K Cameron
- Department of Environmental Science, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, FI 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nico Eisenhauer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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