1
|
Kaptan D, Penkov S, Zhang X, Gade VR, Raghuraman BK, Galli R, Sampaio JL, Haase R, Koch E, Shevchenko A, Zaburdaev V, Kurzchalia TV. Exogenous ethanol induces a metabolic switch that prolongs the survival of Caenorhabditis elegans dauer larva and enhances its resistance to desiccation. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13214. [PMID: 32898317 PMCID: PMC7576309 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The dauer larva of Caenorhabditis elegans, destined to survive long periods of food scarcity and harsh environment, does not feed and has a very limited exchange of matter with the exterior. It was assumed that the survival time is determined by internal energy stores. Here, we show that ethanol can provide a potentially unlimited energy source for dauers by inducing a controlled metabolic shift that allows it to be metabolized into carbohydrates, amino acids, and lipids. Dauer larvae provided with ethanol survive much longer and have greater desiccation tolerance. On the cellular level, ethanol prevents the deterioration of mitochondria caused by energy depletion. By modeling the metabolism of dauers of wild‐type and mutant strains with and without ethanol, we suggest that the mitochondrial health and survival of an organism provided with an unlimited source of carbon depends on the balance between energy production and toxic product(s) of lipid metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Damla Kaptan
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics Dresden Germany
| | - Sider Penkov
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden Dresden Germany
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine University Clinic and Medical FacultyTU Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Xingyu Zhang
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems Dresden Germany
- Friedrich‐Alexander‐University Erlangen‐Nuremberg Erlangen Germany
- Max‐Planck‐Zentrum für Physik und Medizin Erlangen Germany
| | - Vamshidhar R. Gade
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics Dresden Germany
| | | | - Roberta Galli
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Clinical Sensoring and Monitoring Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus TU Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Júlio L. Sampaio
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics Dresden Germany
| | - Robert Haase
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics Dresden Germany
- Center for Systems Biology Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Edmund Koch
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Clinical Sensoring and Monitoring Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus TU Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Andrej Shevchenko
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics Dresden Germany
| | - Vasily Zaburdaev
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems Dresden Germany
- Friedrich‐Alexander‐University Erlangen‐Nuremberg Erlangen Germany
- Max‐Planck‐Zentrum für Physik und Medizin Erlangen Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gerl MJ, Vaz WLC, Domingues N, Klose C, Surma MA, Sampaio JL, Almeida MS, Rodrigues G, Araújo-Gonçalves P, Ferreira J, Borbinha C, Marto JP, Viana-Baptista M, Simons K, Vieira OV. Cholesterol is Inefficiently Converted to Cholesteryl Esters in the Blood of Cardiovascular Disease Patients. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14764. [PMID: 30282999 PMCID: PMC6170447 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33116-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Shotgun lipidomic analysis of 203 lipids in 13 lipid classes performed on blood plasma of donors who had just suffered an acute coronary syndrome (ACS, n = 74), or an ischemic stroke (IS, n = 21), or who suffer from stable angina pectoris (SAP, n = 78), and an age-matched control cohort (n = 52), showed some of the highest inter-lipid class correlations between cholesteryl esters (CE) and phosphatidylcholines (PC) sharing a common fatty acid. The concentration of lysophospatidylcholine (LPC) and ratios of concentrations of CE to free cholesterol (Chol) were also lower in the CVD cohorts than in the control cohort, indicating a deficient conversion of Chol to CE in the blood plasma in the CVD subjects. A non-equilibrium reaction quotient, Q′, describing the global homeostasis of cholesterol as manifested in the blood plasma was shown to have a value in the CVD cohorts (Q′ACS = 0.217 ± 0.084; Q′IS = 0.201 ± 0.084; Q′SAP = 0.220 ± 0.071) that was about one third less than in the control cohort (Q′Control = 0.320 ± 0.095, p < 1 × 10−4), suggesting its potential use as a rapid predictive/diagnostic measure of CVD-related irregularities in cholesterol homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Winchil L C Vaz
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Neuza Domingues
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | | | - Júlio L Sampaio
- Lipotype GmbH, Tatzberg 47, 01307, Dresden, Germany.,Centre de Recherche, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Manuel S Almeida
- Hospital Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Av. Prof. Dr. Reinaldo dos Santos, 2790-134, Carnaxide, Portugal
| | - Gustavo Rodrigues
- Hospital Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Av. Prof. Dr. Reinaldo dos Santos, 2790-134, Carnaxide, Portugal
| | - Pedro Araújo-Gonçalves
- Hospital Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Av. Prof. Dr. Reinaldo dos Santos, 2790-134, Carnaxide, Portugal
| | - Jorge Ferreira
- Hospital Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Av. Prof. Dr. Reinaldo dos Santos, 2790-134, Carnaxide, Portugal
| | - Claudia Borbinha
- Neurology Department, Hospital Egas Moniz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Rua da Junqueira 126, 1349-019, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João Pedro Marto
- Neurology Department, Hospital Egas Moniz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Rua da Junqueira 126, 1349-019, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Miguel Viana-Baptista
- Neurology Department, Hospital Egas Moniz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Rua da Junqueira 126, 1349-019, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Kai Simons
- Lipotype GmbH, Tatzberg 47, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Otilia V Vieira
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056, Lisboa, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Frahnow T, Osterhoff MA, Seltmann AC, Sales S, Sampaio JL, Hornemann S, Kruse M, Pfeiffer AFH. Sinkende Lysophospholipidkonzentrationen begleiten die Aktivierung inflammatorischer Prozesse während einer Hochfettdiät in der NUGAT-(NUtriGenomics Analysis in Twins)-Studie. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1549791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
4
|
Osterhoff MA, Frahnow T, Seltmann AC, Schüler R, Mosig AS, Heisig K, Sales S, Sampaio JL, Hornemann S, Kruse M, Pfeiffer AFH. Identifikation von Hochfettdiät-induzierten inflammatorischen Gennetzwerken assoziiert mit der Suppression anti-inflammatorischer Phospholipide in humanem Fettgewebe in der NUGAT (NutriGenomics Analysis in Twins) Studie. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1549795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
5
|
Osterhoff M, Frahnow T, Seltmann AC, Mosig AS, Heisig K, Susanne S, Sampaio JL, Kruse M, Hornemann S, Pfeiffer AFH. Identification of high fat diet induced inflammatory gene networks associated with suppression of anti-inflammatory phospholipids in human adipose tissue in the NUGAT (Nutrigenomics Analysis in Twins) study. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1547608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
6
|
Frahnow T, Osterhoff M, Seltmann AC, Hornemann S, Kruse M, Susanne S, Sampaio JL, Pfeiffer AFH. Decreasing lysophosholipids accompany the activation of inflammation and the immune system after higher fat intake in the NUGAT (NUtriGenomics Analysis in Twins) study. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1547684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
7
|
Sampaio JL, Moreno MJ, Vaz WLC. Kinetics and thermodynamics of association of a fluorescent lysophospholipid derivative with lipid bilayers in liquid-ordered and liquid-disordered phases. Biophys J 2005; 88:4064-71. [PMID: 15792982 PMCID: PMC1305637 DOI: 10.1529/biophysj.104.054007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We have measured the rates of insertion into, desorption from, and spontaneous interlayer translocation (flip-flop) of the fluorescent lysophospholipid derivative NBD-lyso-1-myristoylphosphatidylethanolamine in l(d) and l(o) phase lipid bilayer membranes. The lipid bilayers, studied as LUV, were prepared from pure 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine, in the l(d) phase; and from two Chol-containing binary lipid mixtures, 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine and Chol (molar ratio of 1:1) and SpM and Chol (molar ratio of 6:4), both in the l(o) phase. Insertion, desorption, and translocation rate constants and equilibrium constants for association of the amphiphile monomer with the lipid bilayers were measured between 15 degrees C and 35 degrees C, and the standard free energies, enthalpies, and entropies, as well as the activation energies for these processes were derived from these data. The equilibrium partition coefficients for partitioning of the amphiphile between the aqueous phase and the different membrane phases were also derived, and an estimation was made of hypothetical partition coefficients and the respective energetic parameters for partitioning between the different lipid phases if these were to coexist in the same membrane. We show that, contrary to general belief, the association of NBD-lysoMPE with lipid bilayers is not a diffusion-controlled process, the rate-limiting step in insertion being the formation of a free area in the membrane surface of an adequate size for insertion to occur.
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
Mycobacterium simiae is usually an environmental contaminant rarely associated with human disease. We report a fatal case of M.simiae infection in a 37 year old, HIV positive, male from whom the organism was isolated from blood culture. The identification of M.simiae was performed using DNA amplification followed by analysis on 3% agarose gel of the amplicon fragments after digestion by restriction endonucleases. The precise identification of mycobacterial isolates to the species level is important, with both epidemiological and therapeutic implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J L Sampaio
- Lamina Laboratory, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bonnet R, Dutour C, Sampaio JL, Chanal C, Sirot D, Labia R, De Champs C, Sirot J. Novel cefotaximase (CTX-M-16) with increased catalytic efficiency due to substitution Asp-240-->Gly. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2001; 45:2269-75. [PMID: 11451684 PMCID: PMC90641 DOI: 10.1128/aac.45.8.2269-2275.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Three clinical strains (Escherichia coli Rio-6, E. coli Rio-7, and Enterobacter cloacae Rio-9) collected in 1996 and 1999 from hospitals in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) were resistant to broad-spectrum cephalosporins and gave a positive double-disk synergy test. Two bla(CTX-M) genes encoding beta-lactamases of pl 7.9 and 8.2 were implicated in this resistance: the bla(CTX-M-9) gene observed in E. coli Rio-7 and E. cloacae Rio-9 and a novel CTX-M-encoding gene, designated bla(CTX-M-16), observed in E. coli strain Rio-6. The deduced amino acid sequence of CTX-M-16 differed from CTX-M-9 only by the substitution Asp-240-->Gly. The CTX-M-16-producing E. coli transformant exhibited the same level of resistance to cefotaxime (MIC, 16 microg/ml) but had a higher MIC of ceftazidime (MIC, 8 versus 1 microg/ml) than the CTX-M-9-producing transformant. Enzymatic studies revealed that CTX-M-16 had a 13-fold higher affinity for aztreonam and a 7.5-fold higher k(cat) for ceftazidime than CTX-M-9, thereby showing that the residue in position 240 can modulate the enzymatic properties of CTX-M enzymes. The two bla(CTX-M-9) genes and the bla(CTX-M-16) gene were located on different plasmids, suggesting the presence of mobile elements associated with CTX-M-encoding genes. CTX-M-2 and CTX-M-8 enzymes were found in Brazil in 1996, and two other CTX-M beta-lactamases, CTX-M-9 and CTX-M-16, were subsequently observed. These reports are evidence of the diversity of CTX-M-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in Brazil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Bonnet
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Faculté de Médecine, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand Cedex, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bonnet R, Sampaio JL, Chanal C, Sirot D, De Champs C, Viallard JL, Labia R, Sirot J. A novel class A extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (BES-1) in Serratia marcescens isolated in Brazil. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2000; 44:3061-8. [PMID: 11036023 PMCID: PMC101603 DOI: 10.1128/aac.44.11.3061-3068.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Serratia marcescens Rio-5, one of 18 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing strains isolated in several hospitals in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) in 1996 and 1997, exhibited a high level of resistance to aztreonam (MIC, 512 microgram/ml) and a distinctly higher level of resistance to cefotaxime (MIC, 64 microgram/ml) than to ceftazidime (MIC, 8 microgram/ml). The strain produced a plasmid-encoded ESBL with a pI of 7.5 whose bla gene was not related to those of other plasmid-mediated Ambler class A ESBLs. Cloning and sequencing revealed a bla gene encoding a novel class A beta-lactamase in functional group 2be, designated BES-1 (Brazil extended-spectrum beta-lactamase). This enzyme had 51% identity with chromosomal class A penicillinase of Yersinia enterocolitica Y56, which was the most closely related enzyme and 47 to 48% identity with CTX-M-type beta-lactamases, which were the most closely related ESBLs. In common with CTX-M enzymes, BES-1 exhibited high cefotaxime-hydrolyzing activity (k(cat), 425 s(-1)). However, BES-1 differed from CTX-M enzymes by its significant ceftazidime-hydrolyzing activity (k(cat), 25 s(-1)), high affinity for aztreonam (K(i), 1 microM), and lower susceptibility to tazobactam (50% inhibitory concentration [IC(50)], 0.820 microM) than to clavulanate (IC(50), 0.045 microM). Likewise, certain characteristic structural features of CTX-M enzymes, such as Phe-160, Ser-237, and Arg-276, were observed for BES-1, which, in addition, harbored different residues (Ala-104, Ser-171, Arg-220, Gly-240) and six additional residues at the end of the sequence. BES-1, therefore, may be an interesting model for further investigations of the structure-function relationships of class A ESBLs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Bonnet
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Faculté de Médecine, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand Cedex, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zancopé-Oliveira RM, James MJ, Derossi AP, Sampaio JL, Muniz MM, Li RK, Nascimento AS, Peralta JM, Reiss E. Strain characterization of Candida parapsilosis fungemia by molecular typing methods. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2000; 19:514-20. [PMID: 10968322 DOI: 10.1007/s100960000307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The present study used two molecular typing methods to investigate a cluster of eight cases of Candida parapsilosis fungemia in a hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Candida parapsilosis is an important opportunistic pathogen that is frequently involved in outbreaks of nosocomial fungemia. Identification of a common source of infection and determination of genetic relatedness among the strains involved in outbreaks are important for infection control. Candida parapsilosis strains were isolated from the bloodstream of patients housed in an intensive-care unit (n=5) and in individual rooms (n=3). An additional strain of Candida parapsilosis was isolated from a hyperalimentation infusion flask, which was implicated by molecular typing to be the source of infection. All strains were identified using morphological and biochemical methods. The genetic relationship between patients' strains and the hyperalimentation infusion strain was assessed by electrophoretic karyotype (EK) analysis and random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Both methods resulted in patterns that allowed differentiation of the isolates. Candida parapsilosis fungemia, in three of the eight patients, resulted from a common source of infection, as demonstrated by molecular typing methods. Image analysis of EK patterns indicated that these strains were closest to Candida parapsilosis Group II, a grouping that is a less frequent clinical isolate than the major Group I strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R M Zancopé-Oliveira
- Centro de Pesquisas Hospital Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bonnet R, Sampaio JL, Labia R, De Champs C, Sirot D, Chanal C, Sirot J. A novel CTX-M beta-lactamase (CTX-M-8) in cefotaxime-resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolated in Brazil. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2000; 44:1936-42. [PMID: 10858358 PMCID: PMC89989 DOI: 10.1128/aac.44.7.1936-1942.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To estimate the diversity of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in Brazil, 18 strains from different species of the family Enterobacteriaceae exhibiting a positive double-disk synergy test were collected by a clinical laboratory from several hospitals in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 1996 and 1997. Four strains (Proteus mirabilis, Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter aerogenes, and Citrobacter amalonaticus) hybridized with a 550-bp CTX-M probe. The P. mirabilis strain produced a CTX-M-2 enzyme. The E. cloacae, E. aerogenes, and C. amalonaticus isolates harbored a bla gene which was identified by cloning and sequencing as a bla(CTX-M) gene. E. coli HB101 transconjugants and the E. coli DH5alpha transformant harboring a recombinant plasmid produced a CTX-M beta-lactamase with an isoelectric point of 7.6 conferring a resistance phenotype characterized by a higher level of resistance to cefotaxime than to ceftazidime, as observed with the other CTX-M enzymes. The deduced protein sequence showed a novel Ambler class A CTX-M enzyme, named CTX-M-8, which had 83 to 88% identity with the previously described CTX-M enzymes. The phylogenic study of the CTX-M family including CTX-M-8 revealed four CTX-M types, CTX-M-8 being the first member of a new phylum of CTX-M enzymes. The evolutionary distances between the four types of CTX-M were large, suggesting that the four clusters branched off early from a distant unknown enzyme and that intermediate enzymes probably existed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Bonnet
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Faculté de Médecine, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand Cedex, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sader HS, Mimiça I, Rossi F, Zoccoli C, Montelli AC, Sampaio JL, Segura AJ, Magalhães M, Nowakonski A, Mendes CM. Evaluation of the in vitro activity of cefepime compared to other broad-spectrum cephalosporins against clinical isolates from eighteen Brazilian hospitals by using the Etest. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 1997; 28:87-92. [PMID: 9239500 DOI: 10.1016/s0732-8893(97)00015-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The in vitro activity of cefepime was compared to that of ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, and cefotaxime in a multicenter study involving 10 clinical microbiology laboratories and clinical isolates from 18 Brazilian hospitals from 7 cities (4 states). A total of 982 isolates consecutively collected between December 1995 and March 1996 were susceptibility tested by using Etest and following the NCCLS procedures for agar diffusion tests. The cefepime spectrum was broader than that of the other broad-spectrum cephalosporins against both Gram-negative rods and Gram-positive cocci. Cefepime was particularly more active against Enterobacter sp. (MIC90, 2 micrograms/ml), Serratia sp. (MIC90, 2 micrograms/ml) and oxacillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MIC90, 3 micrograms/ml). Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, cefepime (MIC90, 16 micrograms/ml) was slightly more active than ceftazidime (MIC90, 32 micrograms/ml) and 8- to 16-fold more active than ceftriaxone of cefotaxime (MIC90, > 256 micrograms/ml). Our results show that nosocomial bacteria, especially Gram-negative rods, have a high rate of cephalosporin resistance in Brazil. However, part of these resistant bacteria remains susceptible to cefepime. The Etest was shown to be an excellent method for multicenter studies of the in vitro evaluation of new antimicrobial agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H S Sader
- Federal University of São Paulo--UNIFESP/EPM, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
de Castro MDL, Machado e Silva JR, Sampaio JL. [An attempt to eradicate hymenolepiasis in a semi-closed community using praziquantel]. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 1985; 27:27-32. [PMID: 4035205 DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46651985000100006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Duas semanas após o insucesso da terapêutica com mebendazol — 400 mg diários durante quatro dias consecutivos —, 101 indivíduos de uma comunidade semifechada, 50,5% infectados por Hymenolepis nana, em sua maioria crianças entre dois e seis anos de idade, foram tratados com praziquantel (*) em duas doses orais de 20 a 25 mg/kg, administradas com dez dias de intervalo. O diagnóstico da himenolepíase, bem como os controles de cura parasitológica realizados nos 7.º, 14.°, 21°, 30.°, 60.° e 90.° dias depois da administração da segunda dose de praziquantel, basearam-se em exames de fezes pelo método quantitativo de KATO/KATZ. A tolerância ao medicamento foi excelente e a negativação dos exames ocorreu independentemente da intensidade do parasitismo. Nos 7.° e 14° dias pós-tratamento encontraram-se ovos de H. nana, respectivamente em nove e em dois pacientes, mas esses ovos apresentavam-se distorcidos. No controle do 21.° dia todos os resultados mostraram-se negativos, traduzindo um índice de cura de 100%. A partir do 30.° dia verificou-se em três crianças a eliminação de ovos normais do parasita. Tendo em vista serem essas as únicas que viviam em regime de semi-internação nessa comunidade e a positividade tardia dos exames, esses casos foram considerados como reinfecção. Conclui-se, pelos resultados alcançados, que o esquema posológico empregado, fundamentado nas investigações experimentais conduzidas por CAMPOS & col. (1983), é eficaz e seguro para o tratamento da himenolepíase, em especial, quando se pretende tentar erradicá-la numa comunidade fechada.
Collapse
|