Conformational Landscape and Polymorphism in 5-Acetic Acid Hydantoin

The conformational space of 5-acetic acid hydantoin {5AAH; [2-(2,5-dioxoimidazolidin-4-yl)acetic acid]} was investigated by quantum chemical calculations performed at the DFT(B3LYP)/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory. A total of 13 conformers were located in the potential energy surface of the molecule, six of them bearing the carboxylic group in the cis arrangement (O═C-O-H dihedral equal to ∼0°) and the other seven possessing this group in the trans configuration (O═C-O-H dihedral equal to ∼180°). The most stable conformer (cis-I) was trapped from the gas phase into a low temperature argon matrix (10 K), and its infrared spectrum was fully assigned, also with help of results of normal coordinates' analysis based on the DFT computed vibrational data. The electronic structure of this conformer was analyzed by using the natural bond orbital (NBO) method. The investigation of the thermal properties of 5AAH was undertaken by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarized light thermal microscopy (PLTM) and Raman spectroscopy, allowing identification of five different polymorphs. Very interestingly, in the room temperature stable polymorph the molecular units of 5AAH assume the geometry of the highest-energy conformer predicted by the calculations for the isolated molecule.

5-Methylhydantoin: From Isolated Molecules in a Low-Temperature Argon Matrix to Solid State Polymorphs Characterization

The molecular structure, vibrational spectra and photochemistry of 5-methylhydantoin (C₄H₆N₂O₂; 5-MH) were studied by matrix isolation infrared spectroscopy and theoretical calculations at the DFT(B3LYP)/6-311++G(d,p) theory level. The natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis approach was used to study in detail the electronic structure of the minimum energy structure of 5-MH, namely the specific characteristics of the σ and π electronic systems of the molecule and the stabilizing orbital interactions. UV irradiation of 5-MH isolated in argon matrix resulted in its photofragmentation through a single photochemical pathway, yielding isocyanic acid, ethanimine, and carbon monoxide, thus following a pattern already observed before for the parent hydantoin and 1-methylhydantoin molecules. The investigation of the thermal properties of 5-MH was undertaken by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarized light thermal microscopy (PLTM) and Raman spectroscopy. Four different polymorphs of 5-MH were identified. The crystal structure of one of the polymorphs, for which it was possible to grow up suitable crystals, was determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Two of the additional polymorphs were characterized by powder XRD, which confirmed the molecules pack in different crystallographic arrangements.

Synthesis, structural and spectroscopic studies of 2-oxoacenaphthylen-1(2H)-ylidene nicotinohydrazide

The synthesis of a new hydrazone, 2-oxoacenaphthylen-1(2H)-ylidene nicotinohydrazide, and its structural and spectroscopic characterization is reported. The obtained powder was recrystallized from DMSO and ethanol that afforded small crystals used for single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies. The compound was found to crystallize in two polymorphs, depending on the crystallization conditions. One of the polymorphs (form I) crystallizes in the centrosymmetric P2₁/c monoclinic space group, the other (form II) crystallizes in the non-centrosymmetric, but achiral, orthorhombic space group P2₁2₁2₁. Conformation of the molecules is similar in both polymorphs, but the network of weak intermolecular interactions determining the crystal packing is different. In form II an additional C-H⋯O bond connects molecules related by the screw-axis running parallel to the a-axis. Crystals of both polymorphs were also screened by FT-IR and Raman microscopy; a detailed analysis of the spectra and comparison with those of the isolated molecule calculated by ab-initio HF/MP2 and DFT/B3LYP methods using a correlation consistent cc-pVDZ basis set is presented. In addition, UV-vis and NMR studies were performed in solution.

Investigation of micro- and nanoscale barrier layer capacitance mechanisms of conductivity in CaCu3Ti4O12via scanning probe microscopy technique

In this work we disclose micro- and nanoscale origins of the unusually high dielectric constant characteristic of CaCu₃Ti₄O₁₂ (CCTO) ceramic by using the Scanning Probe Microscopy (SPM) technique.

Ti doping-induced magnetic and morphological transformations in Sr- and Ca-substituted BiFeO3

The investigation focuses on the crystal structure, microstructure, local ferroelectric and magnetic properties of the Bi0.9Sr0.1Fe1-x Ti(x)O(3-δ) (x  =  0.05, 0.1, 0.15; δ  =  (0.1  -  x)/2) multiferroics prepared by a solid-state reaction method. All the samples have been found to be isostructural with the pure BiFeO3 (the material crystallizes in a polar rhombohedral structure belonging to the space group R3c). It has been shown that the pattern of changes in the lattice parameters of the Bi0.9Sr0.1Fe(1-x)Ti(x)O(3-δ) samples can be interpreted as consistent with the doping-driven elimination of anion vacancies at x  ⩽  0.1 and the formation of cation vacancies at x  >  0.1. The readjustment of the defect structure associated with the mechanism of charge compensation in the aliovalent-substituted BiFeO3 is accompanied by correlated changes in the morphology, ferroelectric/ferroelastic domain structure and magnetic properties of the materials. In particular, it has been found that the deviation from the ideal (δ  =  0) cation-anion stoichiometry in the Bi0.9Sr0.1Fe(1-x)Ti (x)O(3-δ) system leads to a significant decrease in the average size of crystal grain and ferroelectric domains and gives rise to an antiferromagnetic-weak ferromagnetic transformation. Results of this study have been compared with those obtained for equally substituted samples of the Bi0.9Ca0.1Fe(1-x)Ti(x)O(3-δ) series (Khomchenko and Paixão 2015 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 27 436002) to demonstrate how the variation in the chemical pressure introduced by the partial replacement of Bi(3+) with bigger (Sr(2+)) and smaller (Ca(2+)) ions can affect the multiferroic behavior of Ti-doped bismuth ferrites.

Exploring saccharinate-tetrazoles as selective Cu(ii) ligands: structure, magnetic properties and cytotoxicity of copper(ii) complexes based on 5-(3-aminosaccharyl)-tetrazoles

Saccharinate-tetrazolesTSand2MTSbind selectively to copper(ii). The resulting copper complexes have shown a huge increase in thein vitrocytotoxicity against hepatic carcinoma cells (HepG2) compared to the corresponding nontoxic free ligands.

Structural defects as a factor controlling the magnetic properties of pure and Ti-doped Bi(1-x)Ca(x)FeO(3-x/2) multiferroics

Recognition of the factors that may significantly affect the multiferroic properties of BiFeO3-based perovskites remains one of the most challenging tasks in condensed matter physics. To reveal the reasons behind the doping-driven instability of the cycloidal antiferromagnetic order in the polar phase of Bi(1-x)Ca(x)FeO(3-x/2), synthesis and investigation of the crystal structure, microstructure, local ferroelectric and magnetic properties of the ceramic samples of Bi0.9Ca0.1Fe(1-x)Ti(x)O(3-δ) (x  =  0.05, 0.1, 0.15) have been carried out. The compounds possess a rhombohedral structure (space group R3c). The compositional dependence of unit cell volume in this series can be interpreted as suggesting the doping-induced elimination of anion vacancies at x  ⩽  0.1 and the formation of cation vacancies at x  >  0.1. The filling of oxygen vacancies suppresses a weak ferromagnetic contribution characteristic of the parent Bi0.9Ca0.1FeO2.95. The appearance of cation vacancies restores the weak ferromagnetic phase. The key role of lattice defects in the magnetic behavior of Ca-doped BiFeO3 has been confirmed by the observation of a correlation between the magnetic properties and the morphology/ferroelectric domain structure of the Bi0.9Ca0.1Fe(1-x)Ti(x)O(3-δ) ceramics.

Structure and photochemistry of a saccharyl thiotetrazole

The molecular structure and photochemistry of 5-thiosaccharyl-1-methyltetrazole (TSMT) were studied by means of matrix-isolation FTIR spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography, and theoretical calculations. The calculations predicted two conformers of TSMT that differ in energy by more than 15 kJ mol(-1). The infrared spectrum of TSMT isolated in solid argon was fully assigned on the basis of the spectrum calculated (O3LYP/6-311++G(3df,3pd)) for the most stable conformer. In the crystal, TSMT molecules were found to assume the same conformation as for the isolated molecule, with each molecule forming four hydrogen bonds with three neighboring molecules, leading to a network of TSMT oligomers. Upon UV (λ = 265 nm) irradiation of the matrix-isolated TSMT, two photodegradation pathways were observed, both arising from cleavage of the tetrazolyl ring. Pathway a involves cleavage of the N1-N2 and N3-N4 bonds with extrusion of N2, leading to photostable diazirine and thiocarbodiimide derivatives. The photostability of the photoproduced diazirine under the conditions used precluded its rearrangement to the nitrile imine, as reported for 5-phenyltetrazole by Bégué et al. ( J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012 , 134 , 5339 ). Pathway b involves cleavage of the C5-N1 and N4-N3 bonds, leading to a thiocyanate and methyl azide, the latter undergoing subsequent fragmentation to give CNH.

Composition- and temperature-driven structural transitions in Bi(1-x)Ca(x)FeO3 multiferroics: a neutron diffraction study

Neutron powder diffraction and magnetization measurements of the Bi(1-x)Ca(x)FeO3 (0.05 ≤ x ≤ 0.14) compounds were carried out to follow the effect of the heterovalent A-site doping on the long-range structure and magnetic properties of the BiFeO3 multiferroic. Ca substitution induces the appearance of weak ferromagnetism in the initial ferroelectric R3c phase, but modifies the picture of polar displacements, so the average PbZrO3-like antiferroelectric structure is stabilized at x = 0.11. Further increase of the Ca content leads to transformation of the antipolar ionic shifts to give rise to the Pbam → Imma transition near x = 0.14. A structural study performed for the x = 0.05 compound at high temperature revealed the R3c → Pnma phase transition at 950 K. For x = 0.1 samples, an intermediate heating-induced structure separating the R3c and Pnma phases was found.

N-Hexyl-3-(4-hy-droxy-3,5-dimeth-oxy-phen-yl)propanamide

In the title compound, C₁₇H₂₇NO₄, which is an hydro­sinapic acid derivative with increased lipophilicity conferred by an additional alkyl chain, the central and the hexyl linear chains contain slightly shorter bond lengths [C—N = 1.316 (2) Å; average linear chain C—C = 1.487 (6) Å] than reported average values [Csp²—N = 1.334, C—C for CH₂—CH₂ = 1.524 and 1.513 Å for CH₂—CH₃]. The 4-hy­droxy-3,5-dimeth­oxy­phenyl plane [r.m.s. deviation 0.055 (12) Å] makes an angle of 59.89 (5)° with the central plane of the mol­ecule (composed of the N atom, the carbonyl group and the two methyl­ene C atoms linking the carbonyl group and the ring, [r.m.s. deviation 0.0026 (10) Å], which, in turn, makes an angle of 64.24 (13)° with the essentially planar hexyl chain [r.m.s. deviation 0.035 (18) Å]. The N—H group of the amide group is involved in a bifurcated hydrogen bond towards the hy­droxy and one of the meth­oxy O atoms of the 4-hy­droxy-3,5-dimeth­oxy­phenyl substituent of a neighbouring mol­ecule, forming a two-dimensional network in the (100) plane. In addition, the same hy­droxy group acts as a donor towards the carbonyl O atom of another neighbouring mol­ecule, forming chains running along the b axis.

5α,6α-Ep-oxy-7-norcholestan-3β-yl acetate

The title cholestan, C(28)H(46)O(3), was prepared by epoxidation of 7-norcholest-5-en-3β-yl acetate and crystallized by slow evaporation from an ethano-lic solution. All rings are trans fused. The 3β-acetate and the 17β-cholestane side chain are in equatorial positions. The mol-ecule is highly twisted due to its B-nor characteristic. A quantum chemical ab-initio Roothaan Hartree-Fock calculation of the equilibrium geometry of the isolated mol-ecule gives values for bond lengths and valency angles in close agreement with the experimental ones.

Androstane-3β,5α,6β,17β-tetrol tri-hydrate

The title hydrated tetrol, C(19)H(32)O(4)·3H(2)O, was synthesized by stereoselective reduction of the compound 3β,5α,6β-trihy-droxy-androstan-17-one. All rings are fused trans. The organic mol-ecules are connected head-to-tail along the c axis via O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds. Layers of water mol-ecules in the ab plane inter-connect these chains. A quantum chemical ab initio Roothan Hartree-Fock calculation of the isolated mol-ecule gives values for the mol-ecular geometry close to experimentally determined ones, apart from the C-O bond lengths, whose calculated values are significantly smaller than the measured ones, probably a consequence of the involvement of the C-OH groups in the hydrogen-bonding network.

Resonant x-ray scattering investigation of magnetic ordering in NpAs(1 - x)Se(x) (x = 0.05, 0.10)

A resonant x-ray scattering investigation of the NpAs(1 - x)Se(x) system with single crystals of 5 and 10% Se content is reported. The main features of the magnetic phase diagram previously studied by neutron scattering were confirmed. The coexistence within a single domain of ferro- and antiferro-components in the low-T ferrimagnetic phase was established, as well as the single-k character of the incommensurate phase and of the antiferromagnetic component of the ferrimagnetic phase. A tetragonal lattice distortion was found in the ferro- and ferrimagnetic phases which is not compatible with the proposed model for the ferromagnetic phase. The study of ferromagnetism was carried out using polarization analysis of the diffracted beam to separate the scattering intensities originating from magnetism and charge, which are superimposed in reciprocal space. The magnetic character of the ferromagnetic signal calculated from the measured intensities in the polarization analysis σπ and σσ channels was confirmed by analysis of the corresponding temperature dependence.

3β-Acet-oxy-lup-20(29)-en-28-yl 1H-1,2,4-tri-azole-1-carboxyl-ate

The title triterpene, C(35)H(53)N(3)O(4), is a C-28 carbamate derivative of 3β-acet-oxy-betulin prepared in a one-step reaction from the commercially available 1,1'-carbonyl-di(1,2,4-triazole) (CDT), crystallized from acetone/n-hexane. All rings are trans fused. The carbamate and acetate substituents are in axial and equatorial positions, respectively. A quantum chemical ab initio Roothaan Hartree-Fock calculation of the equilibrium geometry of the isolated mol-ecule gives values for bond lengths and valency angles in close agreement with experimental values. The calculation also reproduces the observed mol-ecular conformation, with puckering parameters that agree well with those determined from the crystallographic study.

6-[(4-Fluorophenyl)(1H-imidazol-1-yl)methyl]-1,3-benzodioxol-5-ol and 6-[(4-methoxyphenyl)(1H-imidazol-1-yl)methyl]-1,3-benzodioxol-5-ol

The title compounds, C(17)H(13)FN(2)O(3) and C(18)H(16)N(2)O(4), are new potent aromatase inhibitors combining the common features of second- and third-generation nonsteroid anti-aromatase compounds. The molecules have a propeller shape, with dihedral angles between adjacent planes in the range 49-86°. A quantum mechanical ab initio Roothaan-Hartree-Fock calculation for the isolated molecules shows values for these angles close to the ideal value of 90°. Docking studies of the molecules in the aromatase substrate show that their strong inhibitor potency can be attributed to molecular flexibility, hydrophobic interactions, heme Fe coordination and hydrogen bonding.

3-Oxo-18α-olean-28,13β-olide

The title terpene, C₃₀H₄₆O₃, is a 28,13β-lactone of oleanolic acid prepared with bis­muth trifluoro­methane­sulfonate (OTf), Bi(OTf)₃·xH₂O. All rings are trans-fused. The X-ray study shows the inversion of the orientation of 18-H in the lactonization reaction. A quantum chemical ab-initio Roothaan Hartree–Fock calculation of the equilibrium geometry of the isolated mol­ecule gives values for bond lengths and valency angles in close agreement with experimental values. The calculation also reproduces the observed mol­ecular conformation, with puckering parameters that agree well with those determined from the crystallographic study.

3β-Hy-droxy-lup-20(29)-en-28-yl 1H-imidazole-1-carboxyl-ate

The title triterpene, C(34)H(52)N(2)O(3), is a C-28 carbamate derivative of betulin prepared in a one-step reaction from the commercially available 1,1'-carbonyl-diimidazole (CDI). All rings are fused trans. The X-ray study shows the retention of the configuration of C-28 with respect to the known chiral centres of the molecule. In the crystal, the mol-ecules are O-H⋯O hydrogen bonded via the hy-droxy group and the carbonyl group of the carbamate function into chains running along the c axis. A quantum-mechanical ab initio Roothaan Hartree-Fock calculation of the equilibrium geometry of the isolated mol-ecule gives values for bond-lengths and valency angles close to the experimental values. The calculations also reproduce the mol-ecular conformation well, with calculated puckering parameters that agree well with the observed values.

Guanidinium 4-amino-benzoate

In the title compound, CH(6)N(3) (+)·C(7)H(6)NO(2) (-), the cation and anion lie on crystallographic mirror planes. The 4-amino-benzoate anion is almost in a planar conformation with a maximum deviation of 0.024 (2) Å for the N atom. The bond length in the deprotonated carboxyl group is inter-mediate between those of normal single and double Csp(2)=O bonds, indicating delocalization of the charge over both O atoms of the COO(-) group. In the crystal, N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds assemble the ions in layers propagating in the bc plane. This structure is very similar to that of guanidinium benzoate.

5α-Androst-3-en-17β-yl acetate

In the crystal structure of the title compound, C(21)H(32)O(2), ring A is highly distorted, with a conformation inter-mediate between 10β-sofa and 1α,10β-half chair; rings B and C have slightly flattened chair conformations. Ring D assumes an unusual 13β-envelope conformation, probably induced by the acet-oxy substituent. Cohesion of the crystal structure is due only to weak van der Waals inter-actions.

19β,28-Ep-oxy-18α-olean-3β-ol

The title triterpene, C₃₀H₅₀O₂, is an 18α-oleanane derivative prepared by the Wagner–Meerwein rearrangement of betulin with Bi(OTf)₃.xH₂O (OTF is trifluoromethanesulfonate). There are two symmetry-independent mol­ecules in the asymmetric unit that show no significant differences concerning bond lengths and angles. The conformation of the six-membered rings is close to a chair form, while the five-membered epoxide rings adopt envelope conformations. All rings are trans-fused. In the crystal, mol­ecules are held together by O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. A quantum-mechanical ab initio Roothan Hartree–Fock calculation on the isolated mol­ecule gives values for bond lengths and valency angles close to the experimental values. The calculations also reproduce well the mol­ecular conformation with calculated puckering parameters that match well the observed values.

16α,17α-Ep-oxy-5α-hydr-oxy-6β-nitrooxy-20-oxopregnan-3β-yl acetate

The title steroid, C(23)H(33)NO(8), is a pregnane derivative obtained regio-, stereo- and chemoselectively from the ring opening of the corresponding 5α,6α;16α,17α-diepoxide with bis-muth(III) nitrate. There are two symmetry-independent mol-ecules in the asymmetric unit that show no significant differences concerning bond lengths and angles. All rings are trans-fused. The conformations of the six-membered rings are close to chair forms, while the five-membered ring adopts an envelope conformation. The mol-ecules are held together by an extensive O-H⋯O hydrogen-bonding network of chains runnning along the a axis.

6beta-Hydroxy-5beta-methyl-20-oxo-19-norpregn-9(10)-en-3beta-yl acetate

In the title compound, C(23)H(34)O(4), which is an intermediate in the synthesis of pregnane derivatives with a modified skeleton that show potent abortion-inducing activity, the conformation of ring B is close to half-chair due to the presence of both the C=C double bond and the axial 5beta-methyl group. Rings A and C have conformations close to chair, while ring D has a twisted conformation around the bridgehead C-C bond. Molecules are hydrogen bonded via the hydroxyl and acetoxy groups into infinite chains. Quantum-mechanical ab initio Roothan Hartree-Fock calculations show that crystal packing might be responsible for the low values of the angles between rings A and B, and between ring A and rings C and D, as well as for a different steric position of the methyl ketone side chain compared to the geometry of the free molecule.

3α,4α-Ep-oxy-5α-androstan-17β-yl acetate

The title compound, C(21)H(32)O(3), results from modifications of the A and D rings of the aromatase substrate androstenedione. Ring A adopts a conformation between 10β-sofa and 1α,10β half-chair. Rings B and C are in slightly flattened chair conformations. Ring D approaches a 13β-envelope conformation, probably due to the acet-oxy substituent, and shows a very short Csp(3)-Csp(3) bond next to the epoxide ring, which is characteristic of 3-4 epoxides. .

6β-Acetamido-5α-hydroxy-cholestan-3β-yl acetate

The title steroid, C₃₁H₅₃NO₄, was prepared from the corresponding 5α,6α-epoxy­cholestane. The conformation of the six-membered rings is close to a chair form, while the five-membered ring adopts a twist conformation. The hydroxyl and acetamide groups are in axial positions. The nucleophilic species bound to the steroid nucleus at position 6 by the β-face, whereas the hydroxyl group at position 5 has α-orientation. All rings are trans-fused. The crystal packing shows that the mol­ecules related by twofold symmetry exist as O—H⋯O hydrogen-bonded dimers.

Fat-soluble vitamins in human lactation

Lactation has three distinct phases: colostrum, transition, and mature, with the quantity of fat-soluble vitamins and carotenoids tending to decline while the total fat content increases. The number of deliveries seems to be directly related to higher concentrations of beta-carotene and vitamin E in colostrum. Little is known about vitamin quantities during the other phases. In the present study, vitamin A and E concentrations during different phases of lactation were measured in primiparous and multiparous mothers to analyze the variation and suitability for the diet of a breastfed child. Phase of lactation and number of deliveries were highly significant for log mean vitamin A while only one phase showed significance for log mean vitamin E. There was a sharp decline in the levels of vitamin A and E in the course of the initial phase of lactation. The variability between measurements declined as colostrum transitioned to mature milk. There were significant measurable inter-group differences in retinol levels in milk obtained during early lactation. Vitamin A and E content can reach 2.5 and 1.4 times of levels recommended intake, respectively.

A new polymorph of 5-nitro-uracil monohydrate

In the title compound, C(4)H(3)N(3)O(4)·H(2)O, mol-ecules of 5-nitro--uracil are hydrogen bonded in pairs across crystallographic centers of symmetry. The resulting dimers are also hydrogen bonded to the water mol-ecules, forming a three-dimensional network. The pyrimidine ring is almost planar (with a maximum deviation of 0.0156 (9) Å for the one of the N atoms) and the nitro group is rotated by 12.4 (1)° out of the uracil plane, while in the other polymorph the value for the same angle is 5°.

N,N',N''-Triphenyl-guanidinium 5-nitro-2,4-dioxo-1,2,3,4-tetra-hydro-pyrimidin-1-ide

In the title compound, C₁₉H₁₈N₃^+.C₄H₂N₃O₄⁻, the dihedral angles between the phenyl rings and the plane defined by the central guanidinium fragment are in the range 41.3 (1)–66.6 (1)°. The pyrimidine ring of the anion is distorted towards a boat conformation and the nitro group is rotated 11.4 (2)° out of the uracil plane. Hydrogen bonds assemble the ions in infinite helical chains along the b axis.

Pyromellitic acid-sarcosine (1/2)

The title compound, C₁₀H₆O₈·2C₃H₇NO₂, crystallizes as an adduct with the acid and amino acid mol­ecules in their neutral forms. The asymmetric unit contains one half of a centrosymmetric pyromellitic acid mol­ecule and one sarcosine mol­ecule. The sarcosine has the amine group protonated and the carboxyl group deprotonated, as is usual for amino acids (zwitterionic form). The pyromellitic acid mol­ecules retain the four carboxyl H atoms with the carboxyl groups rotated out of the ring plane [O—C—C—C torsion angles = 24.1 (3) and 61.6 (2)°]. There is a three-dimensional hydrogen-bond network linking the mol­ecules.

3,17-Dioxoandrost-4-en-4-yl acetate

The title compound, C(21)H(28)O(4), has a 4-acetoxy substituent positioned on the steroid alpha face. The six-membered ring A assumes a conformation intermediate between 1alpha,2beta-half chair and 1alpha-sofa. A long Csp(3)-Csp(3) bond is observed in ring B and reproduced in quantum-mechanical ab initio calculations of the isolated molecule using a molecular-orbital Hartree-Fock method. Cohesion of the crystal can be attributed to van der Waals interactions and weak C-H...O hydrogen bonds.

2,2,6,6-Tetramethyl-4-oxopiperidinium nitrate

In the title compound, C(9)H(18)NO(+).NO(3)(-), the piperidinium ring adopts a slightly deformed chair conformation and the nitrate anion is disordered. The ions are arranged in hydrogen-bonded chains parallel to [001], in which the cations alternate with the anions. The intrachain hydrogen bonds are bifurcated and link the O atoms of the anions to the N atoms of the cations.

2,2,4,4-Tetra-tert-butyl-1,3,5,2,4-benzotrioxadisilepine-7-carbaldehyde

The molecule of the title compound, C23H40O4Si2, features an approximate non-crystallographic C2 symmetry axis. The aldehyde group is disordered over two positions with similar occupancies. The geometry of the isolated molecule was studied by ab initio quantum mechanical calculations employing a molecular orbital Hartree-Fock method. The calculations reproduce well the equilibrium geometry but slightly overestimate the value of the Si-O bond lengths of the trioxadisilepine ring.

Glycinium trichloroacetate

The title compound, C2H6NO2+.C2Cl3O2-, crystallizes in the P4(1) space group with two glycinium cations and two trichloroacetate anions in the asymmetric unit. The glycinium cations have nearly Cs point-group symmetry which is only broken by the H atoms of the amine group. The trichloroacetate anions show typical bond lengths and angles, one of the trichloromethyl groups being disordered. Chains of alternating anions and cations run along the c axis. Within these chains, consecutive anion-cation pairs are bound via strong hydrogen bonds involving the carboxylate anions and the carboxyl or amine groups of the cations. Weaker hydrogen bonds bind neighbouring chains together.

Weak antiferromagnetic interactions in hydronium diaqua-1kappaO,2kappaO-trichloro-1kappaCl,2kappa2Cl-mu-dimethylglycinato-1kappaO:2kappa2O',N-dimethylglycinato-1kappa2N,O-dicuprate(II)

The crystal structure of the title compound, (H3O)[Cu2(C4H8NO2)2Cl3(H2O)2], contains two Cu(II) ions bridged by the carboxylate group of a dimethylglycinate ion in an anti-anti configuration. The Cu(II) atoms both have an approximately square-pyramidal conformation geometry and are 5.977 (2) angstroms apart. The two dimethylglycinate ligands have similar conformations, although they play different roles in the structure. A weak antiferromagnetic interaction between the two copper ions could be inferred from the magnetic susceptibility measurements.

Di-mu-chloro-1:2kappa2Cl;3:4kappa2Cl-hexachloro-1kappa3Cl,4kappa3Cl-tetra-mu-dimethylglycine-2:3kappa8O:O'-tetracopper(II)

The title compound, [Cu(NO3)2(C6H10N4)2], crystallizes in the centrosymmetric space group P21/c with a unit cell containing two tetranuclear copper(II) complexes sited on crystallographic inversion centres. The coordination geometry around the central Cu atoms is square pyramidal, with four O atoms in the basal plane and a Cl atom in the apical position. The lateral CuCl4 groups are flattened tetrahedral. The bridging dimethylglycine molecules are present in the dipolar zwitterionic form. The tetranuclear copper complexes exist as isolated entities since only intramolecular hydrogen bonds are found.

17-Oxo-5alpha-androstane-3alpha,4beta-diyl diacetate and 17-oxo-5beta-androstane-3alpha,4beta-diyl diacetate

The title compounds, both C23H34O5, are the 5alpha and 5beta configurations of two diacetate epimers. The 5beta-diacetate crystallizes in an hexagonal structure, unusual for steroid molecules. The unit cell has an accessible solvent volume of 358 A(3), responsible for clathrate behaviour. The 5beta-epimer also features some shorter than average bond lengths in the 3alpha,4beta-acetoxy groups. The conformations of the molecules of both epimers are compared with those obtained through ab initio quantum chemistry calculations. Cohesion of the crystals can be attributed to van der Waals and weak molecular C-H...O interactions.

6beta-Azido-7alpha-hydroxy-17-oxo-5alpha-androstan-3beta-yl acetate

In the title compound, C21H31N3O4, a potential inhibitor of aromatase, all rings are fused trans. Rings A, B and C have chair conformations which are slightly flattened. Ring D has a 14alpha-envelope conformation. The steroid nucleus has a small twist, as shown by the C19-C10...C13-C18 torsion angle of 6.6 (2) degrees. Ab initio calculations of the equilibrium geometry of the molecule reproduce this small twist, which appears to be due to the steric effect of the 6beta-azide substituent rather than to packing effects.

17-Oxo-5α-androst-6-en-3β-yl acetate

In the title compound, C(21)H(30)O(3), a potential inhibitor of aromatase, all rings are fused trans. Rings A and C have chair conformations which are slightly flattened, whereas the conformation of ring B is close to a half-chair. Ring D has a 14 alpha-envelope conformation. The steroid nucleus has a small twist, as shown by the C19-C10...C13-C18 (steroid numbering) torsion angle of -6.9 (3) degrees. Ab initio calculations of the equilibrium geometry of the molecule reproduce this small twist, which appears to be due to the conformation of ring B rather than to packing effects.

3 beta,7 alpha,12 alpha-triformyloxy-24-nor-5 beta-chol-22-ene

The title compound, alternatively called 24-nor-5 beta-chol-22-ene-3 beta,7 alpha,12 alpha-triyl triformate, C(26)H(38)O(6), has a cis junction between two of the six-membered rings. All three of the six-membered rings have chair conformations that are slightly flattened and the five-membered ring has a 13 beta,14 alpha-half-chair conformation. The 3 beta, 7 alpha and 12 alpha ring substituents are axial and the 17 beta group is equatorial. The 3 beta-formyloxy group is involved in one weak intermolecular C-H...O bond, which links the molecules into dimers in a head-to-head fashion.

Crystal structure of diaqua-monodimethylglycine-hexakis(μ2-dimethylglycine- O:O)-μ3-oxo-triiron(III) heptanitrate—water—dimethylgycine solvate (1:4:0.63), Fe3O(C4H9NO2)7(H2O)2(NO3)7 · 4H2O · 0.63C4H9NO2

C30.20H80.60Fe3N14.30O43.26, triclinic, P1̅ (No. 2), a = 12.424(6) Å, b = 16.565(5) Å, c = 17.627(3) Å, α = 90.59(4)°, β = 101.48(4)°, γ = 108.97(4)°, V = 3351.1 Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.070, wRref(F2) = 0.261, T = 293 K.

Glycinium trifluoroacetate

In the title compound, C(2)H(6)NO(2)(+).C(2)F(3)O(2)(-), the main N-C-COOH skeleton of the glycinium cation is almost perfectly planar. The trifluoroacetate anion has a staggered conformation with typical bond distances and angles. The CF(3) group is slightly disordered. The structure is stabilized by an extensive network of strong O-H.O hydrogen bonds and weaker N-H.O bonds.