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Djiemeny Ngueta A, Roy J, Poirier D. Chemical synthesis, NMR characterization, and anticancer activity of androstene derivatives with a C17-side chain. Steroids 2022; 186:109064. [PMID: 35714784 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2022.109064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cancer remains one of the leading causes of death, worldwide. In addition, the lack of efficacy and selectivity of chemotherapeutic agents for cancer cells is a challenge that needs to be addressed through the development of new drugs. Since aminosteroids are of interest in fighting cancer, our group previously reported antiproliferative activity on several cancer cell lines of two representatives, RM-133 and RM-581. To extend the structure-activity relationship study of aminosteroids, of which RM-133 (androstane) and RM-581 (estrane) are the main candidates, we performed the chemical synthesis and biological evaluation on lung (SHP-77), breast (T-47D) and prostate (DU-145, PC-3 and LAPC-4) cancer cells of four analogues of RM-581. We moved the functionalized side chain from position 2 of the androstane and estrane derivatives to incorporate it into a new chain located at position 17. Chemical synthesis took place in 2 steps from steroidal side-chain carboxylic acids, allowing to obtain 4 steroid derivatives with acceptable yields, which were fully characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H and 13C NMR). After the evaluation of compounds 12-15, lower antiproliferative activities varying from 12 to 54%, 0-33% and 0-63% were observed for SHP-77, DU-145 and PC-3 cell lines, respectively, while higher activities varying from 33 to 62% and 45-84% were observed for T-47D and LAPC-4 cell lines, respectively, when tested at 10 µM. Overall, it was observed that these aminosteroids have a lower cytotoxic activity than that of RM-581 and, that moving the side chain from steroid position C2 to C17 is clearly detrimental for antiproliferative activity. However, this work has enabled us to expand our knowledge of the structural requirements to maintain the anticancer activity of aminosteroid derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Djiemeny Ngueta
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, CHU de Québec - Research Center (CHUL, T4), Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Jenny Roy
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, CHU de Québec - Research Center (CHUL, T4), Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Donald Poirier
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, CHU de Québec - Research Center (CHUL, T4), Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
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Laktsevich-Iskryk MV, Rudovich AS, Zhabinskii VN, Khripach VA, Hurski AL. A photochemical approach to 18-nor-17β-hydroxymethyl-17α-methylandrost-13-ene steroids. Steroids 2020; 159:108652. [PMID: 32360417 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2020.108652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A photochemical approach to 18-nor-17β-hydroxymethyl-17α-methylandrost-13-ene unit of the long-term metabolites of 17-methylated androgenic anabolic steroids (AAS) is reported. It is based on a visible light-promoted radical decarboxylative alkynylation of steroidal redox-active ester. The developed method was used in synthesis of the long-term metabolite of AAS oxymesterone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marharyta V Laktsevich-Iskryk
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Kuprevich st., 5/2, 220141 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Anton S Rudovich
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Kuprevich st., 5/2, 220141 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Vladimir N Zhabinskii
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Kuprevich st., 5/2, 220141 Minsk, Belarus.
| | - Vladimir A Khripach
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Kuprevich st., 5/2, 220141 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Alaksiej L Hurski
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Kuprevich st., 5/2, 220141 Minsk, Belarus
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Masamrekh R, Filippova T, Haurychenka Y, Shcherbakov K, Veselovsky A, Strushkevich N, Shkel T, Gilep A, Usanov S, Shumyantseva V, Kuzikov A. Estimation of the inhibiting impact of abiraterone D4A metabolite on human steroid 21-monooxygenase (CYP21A2). Steroids 2020; 154:108528. [PMID: 31678135 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2019.108528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Abiraterone D4A metabolite, the product of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity toward abiraterone, may serve as a potential antitumor agent for the treatment of prostate cancer. The main adverse effect of abiraterone is the disruption of corticosteroid biosynthesis, and the more pharmacologically active abiraterone D4A metabolite may have the same issues. We therefore estimated the inhibiting impact of the abiraterone D4A metabolite on one of the key corticosteroidogenic enzymes - human steroid 21-monooxygenase (CYP21A2). Molecular docking of D4A into the active site of CYP21A2 has been predicted to be similar to abiraterone binding with the enzyme. Abiraterone D4A metabolite, similar to abiraterone, induces type II spectral changes of CYP21A2. The spectral dissociation constant for the abiraterone D4A metabolite-CYP21A2 complex was calculated as 3.4 ± 0.5 μM. Abiraterone D4A metabolite demonstrates competitive/mixed type CYP21A2 inhibition with an inhibitory constant of 1.8 ± 0.8 μM, as obtained by Dixon plot. These results make it possible to predict the adverse effects of the new perspective candidate compound for antitumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami Masamrekh
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovitianov Street, 1, Moscow 117997, Russia; Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya Street, 10, Build 8, Moscow 119121, Russia
| | - Tatiana Filippova
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovitianov Street, 1, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Yaraslau Haurychenka
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovitianov Street, 1, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Kirill Shcherbakov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya Street, 10, Build 8, Moscow 119121, Russia
| | - Alexander Veselovsky
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya Street, 10, Build 8, Moscow 119121, Russia
| | - Natallia Strushkevich
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry NASB, 5 Academician V.F. Kuprevich Street, Build 2, Minsk BY-220141, Belarus
| | - Tatsiana Shkel
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry NASB, 5 Academician V.F. Kuprevich Street, Build 2, Minsk BY-220141, Belarus
| | - Andrei Gilep
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry NASB, 5 Academician V.F. Kuprevich Street, Build 2, Minsk BY-220141, Belarus
| | - Sergey Usanov
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry NASB, 5 Academician V.F. Kuprevich Street, Build 2, Minsk BY-220141, Belarus
| | - Victoria Shumyantseva
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovitianov Street, 1, Moscow 117997, Russia; Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya Street, 10, Build 8, Moscow 119121, Russia
| | - Alexey Kuzikov
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovitianov Street, 1, Moscow 117997, Russia; Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya Street, 10, Build 8, Moscow 119121, Russia.
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Latysheva AS, Zolottsev VA, Veselovsky AV, Scherbakov KA, Morozevich GE, Pokrovsky VS, Novikov RA, Timofeev VP, Tkachev YV, Misharin AY. New steroidal oxazolines, benzoxazoles and benzimidazoles related to abiraterone and galeterone. Steroids 2020; 153:108534. [PMID: 31678134 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2019.108534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Seven new oxazoline, benzoxazole and benzimidazole derivatives were synthesized from 3β-acetoxyandrosta-5,16-dien-17-carboxylic, 3β-acetoxyandrost-5-en-17β-carboxylic and 3β-acetoxypregn-5-en-21-oic acids. Docking to active site of human 17α-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase revealed that all oxazolines, as well as benzoxazoles and benzimidazoles comprising Δ16 could form stable complexes with enzyme, in which steroid moiety is positioned similarly to that of abiraterone and galeterone, and nitrogen atom coordinates heme iron, while 16,17-saturated benzoxazoles and benzimidazoles could only bind in a position where heterocycle is located nearly parallel to heme plane. Modeling of the interaction of new benzoxazole and benzimidazole derivatives with androgen receptor revealed the destabilization of helix 12, constituting activation function 2 (AF2) site, by mentioned compounds, similar to one induced by known antagonist galeterone. The synthesized compounds inhibited growth of prostate carcinoma LNCaP and PC-3 cells at 96 h incubation; the potency of 2'-(3β-hydroxyandrosta-5,16-dien-17-yl)-4',5'-dihydro-1',3'-oxazole and 2'-(3β-hydroxyandrosta-5,16-dien-17-yl)-benzimidazole was superior and could inspire further investigations of these compounds as potential anti-cancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Vadim S Pokrovsky
- Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia; N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia; RUDN University, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Roman A Novikov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology RAS, Moscow, Russia
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Nanba AT, Rege J, Ren J, Auchus RJ, Rainey WE, Turcu AF. 11-Oxygenated C19 Steroids Do Not Decline With Age in Women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:2615-2622. [PMID: 30753518 PMCID: PMC6525564 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-02527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The ovaries and adrenals are sources of androgens in women. Although dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), DHEA sulfate (DHEAS), and testosterone (T) all decline with age, these C19 steroids correlate poorly with parameters of androgen action in postmenopausal women. OBJECTIVE To comprehensively compare the androgen profiles of pre- and postmenopausal women. METHODS We quantified 19 steroids-including DHEA; DHEAS; T; androstenedione (A4); and the following adrenal-specific 11-oxygenated C19 steroids (11oxyandrogens): 11β-hydroxytestosterone (11OHT), 11-ketotestosterone (11KT), 11β-hydroxyandrostenedione (11OHA4), and 11-ketoandrostenedione (11KA4)-using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in morning serum obtained from 100 premenopausal (age 20 to 40 years) and 100 postmenopausal (age ≥ 60 years) women. Double immunofluorescence of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (HSD3B2) with cytochrome b5 (CYB5A) or sulfotransferase 2A1 (SULT2A1) was performed in normal adrenal glands obtained from eight premenopausal and eight postmenopausal women. RESULTS DHEA, DHEAS, A4, and T were significantly higher in pre- than in postmenopausal women (2.9, 2.8, 2.9, and 1.6-fold, respectively; P < 0.0001). In contrast, the 11-oxyandrogens did not decrease with aging, and the 11OHT/T and 11OHA4/A4 ratios showed strong positive correlations with age (r = 0.5 and 0.8, respectively; P < 0.0001). Double immunofluorescence analysis showed that with the involution of the zona reticularis in the old adrenals, the sharp zonal segregation of HSD3B2 and CYB5A becomes less distinct, and areas of HSD3B2 and CYB5A overlap are observed. CONCLUSIONS Unlike DHEA, DHEAS, A4, and T, the 11oxyandrogens do not decline in aging women. Structural changes within the adrenal cortex might explain the evolution of androgen profiles in aging women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya T Nanba
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Juilee Rege
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jianwei Ren
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Richard J Auchus
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - William E Rainey
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Adina F Turcu
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: Adina F. Turcu, MD, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan, 1150 W Medical Center Drive, MSRB II, 5570B, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109. E-mail:
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Laderoute H, Bone C, Brewer D, Squires EJ. The synthesis of 16-androstene sulfoconjugates from primary porcine Leydig cell culture. Steroids 2019; 146:14-20. [PMID: 30904503 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Increased public interest in the welfare of pigs reared for pork production has led to an enhanced effort in finding alternatives to castration for controlling the unpleasant odour and flavour from heated pork products known as boar taint. The purpose of this study was to investigate the testicular metabolism of androstenone, one of the major components of boar taint. Leydig cells were isolated from mature boars and incubated with radiolabeled androstenone for 10 min, 1 h, 4 h, 8 h, and 12 h. Steroid profiles were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Sulfoconjugated, but not glucuronidated steroids were produced by Leydig cells. Approximately 85% of androstenone was converted into sulfoconjugated metabolites in Leydig cell incubations after 8 h. This sulfoconjugate fraction included androstenol-3-sulfate and two major sulfated forms of androstenone. Following removal of the sulfate group, these two sulfated forms of androstenone returned the parent compound androstenone, and not a hydroxylated metabolite. These findings provided direct evidence for the testicular production of sulfoconjugated forms of androstenone and androstenol in the boar. The high proportion of sulfoconjugates produced by the Leydig cells emphasizes the importance of steroid conjugation, which serves to regulate the amount of unconjugated steroid hormones available for accumulation in adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Laderoute
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G2W1, Canada
| | - Christine Bone
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G2W1, Canada
| | - Dyanne Brewer
- Advanced Analysis Centre, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G2W1, Canada
| | - E James Squires
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G2W1, Canada.
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Fehl C, Vogt CD, Yadav R, Li K, Scott EE, Aubé J. Structure-Based Design of Inhibitors with Improved Selectivity for Steroidogenic Cytochrome P450 17A1 over Cytochrome P450 21A2. J Med Chem 2018; 61:4946-4960. [PMID: 29792703 PMCID: PMC6367708 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of androgen biosynthesis is clinically effective for treating androgen-responsive prostate cancer. Abiraterone is a clinical first-in-class inhibitor of cytochrome P450 17A1 (CYP17A1) required for androgen biosynthesis. However, abiraterone also causes hypertension, hypokalemia, and edema, likely due in part to off-target inhibition of another steroidogenic cytochrome P450, CYP21A2. Abiraterone analogs were designed based on structural evidence that B-ring substituents may favorably interact with polar residues in binding CYP17A1 and sterically clash with residues in the CYP21A2 active site. The best analogs increased selectivity of CYP17A1 inhibition up to 84-fold compared with 6.6-fold for abiraterone. Cocrystallization with CYP17A1 validated the intended new contacts with CYP17A1 active site residues. Docking these analogs into CYP21A2 identified steric clashes that likely underlie decreased binding and CYP21A2 inhibition. Overall, these analogs may offer a clinical advantage in the form of reduced side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlie Fehl
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of
Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, 66047, United States
| | - Caleb D. Vogt
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal
Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel
Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Rahul Yadav
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Kelin Li
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal
Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel
Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Emily E. Scott
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan,
Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jeffrey Aubé
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal
Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel
Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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Özdemir Z, Bildziukevich U, Šaman D, Havlíček L, Rárová L, Navrátilová L, Wimmer Z. Amphiphilic derivatives of (3β,17β)-3-hydroxyandrost-5-ene-17-carboxylic acid. Steroids 2017; 128:58-67. [PMID: 29100780 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2017.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A series of amphiphilic derivatives of (3β,17β)-3-hydroxyandrost-5-ene-17-carboxylic acid (1) with the polyamine spermine and three other diamines, 1,2-diaminoethane, piperazine and cadaverine, were synthesized and their antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity were investigated. Among the target compounds, several ones showed antimicrobial activity on Gram positive and Gram negative microorganisms. The most active compounds were 20 (Streptococcus mutans CCM 7409, 3.125 µM), 16 (Streptococcus mutans CCM 7409, 12.5 µM) and 10d (Escherichia coli CCM 3954, 12.5 µM). In addition, compounds 5d, 10d, 13 and 20 displayed cytotoxicity on CEM (12.1 ± 2.1 µM, 7.6 ± 1.0 µM, 19.0 ± 0.4 µM and 5.9 ± 0.7 µM, respectively). Two additional compounds displayed medium cytotoxicity on CEM, 5a (34.6 ± 5.2 µM) and 5c (37.7 ± 5.9 µM). The compound 13 and 20 displayed high toxicity also on normal fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zülal Özdemir
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, Technická 5, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic; Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, v.v.i., Isotope Laboratory, Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Uladzimir Bildziukevich
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, Technická 5, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic; Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, v.v.i., Isotope Laboratory, Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - David Šaman
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR, v.v.i., Flemingovo náměstí 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Havlíček
- Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, v.v.i., Isotope Laboratory, Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Rárová
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Navrátilová
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 3, 77515 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Wimmer
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, Technická 5, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic; Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, v.v.i., Isotope Laboratory, Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
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Benoist GE, van der Meulen E, Lubberman FJE, Gerritsen WR, Smilde TJ, Schalken JA, Beumer JH, Burger DM, van Erp NP. Analytical challenges in quantifying abiraterone with LC-MS/MS in human plasma. Biomed Chromatogr 2017; 31:10.1002/bmc.3986. [PMID: 28370076 PMCID: PMC6114173 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A method was developed and validated to quantify abiraterone in human plasma. During assay development, several analytical challenges were encountered: limited stability in patient samples, adsorption to glass, coelution with metabolites and carry-over issues. Limited stability (2 h) was found for abiraterone in fresh plasma as well as whole blood at ambient temperature. When kept at 2-8°C, abiraterone in plasma was stable for 24 h and in whole blood for 8 h. Adsorption of abiraterone to glass materials was addressed by using polypropylene throughout the method. Carry-over was reduced to acceptable limits by incorporating a third mobile phase into the gradient. The chromatographic separation of abiraterone with its multiple metabolites was addressed by using a longer analytical column and adjusting the gradient. Abiraterone was extracted by protein precipitation, separated on a C18 column with gradient elution and analyzed with tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry in positive ion mode. A stable deuterated isotope was used as the internal standard. The assay ranges from 1 to 500 ng/mL. Within- and-between-day precisions and accuracies were below 13.4% and within 95-102%. This bioanalytical method was successfully validated and applied to determine plasma concentrations of abiraterone in clinical studies and in regular patient care for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric van der Meulen
- Department of Pharmacy, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | | | - Winald R. Gerritsen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Tineke J. Smilde
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jeroen Bosch Hospital, Den Bosch, Netherlands
| | - Jack A. Schalken
- Department of Urology, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Jan H. Beumer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - David M. Burger
- Department of Pharmacy, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Nielka P. van Erp
- Department of Pharmacy, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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10
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Świzdor A, Panek A, Milecka-Tronina N. Hydroxylative activity of Aspergillus niger towards androst-4-ene and androst-5-ene steroids. Steroids 2017; 126:101-106. [PMID: 28827070 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Aspergillus niger, one of fungal species most frequently used for experimental and industrial-scale biotransformations of various organic compounds, is generally known to transform steroids at 16β position. In this work, application of the strain A. niger KCH910 to bioconversion of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), androstenediol and testosterone is described, with emphasis on the metabolic steps leading to the products. Evidence from this study indicated that incubated 5-ene steroids underwent bioconversion within two metabolic pathways: oxidation by the action of 3β-HSD (3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) to 4-ene steroids, and minor allylic hydroxylation to epimeric 7-alcohols. Further transformation of the 3-oxo-4-ene metabolites resulted in non-selective 16-hydroxylation. It is the first report on an A. niger strain able to introduce not only 16β- but also 16α-hydroxyl function into steroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Świzdor
- Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Anna Panek
- Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Natalia Milecka-Tronina
- Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
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11
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Baydoun E, Iqbal S, Smith C, Choudhary MI. Biotransformation of drospirenone, a contraceptive drug, with Cunninghamella elegans. Steroids 2017; 126:30-34. [PMID: 28768150 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Biotransformation of an orally active contraceptive drug, drospirenone (1), by Cunninghamella elegans ATCC 36114 yielded four new metabolites, 6β,7β,15β,16β-dimethylene-3-oxo-14α-hydroxy-17α-pregn-4-ene-21,17-carbolactone (2), 6β,7β,15β,16β-dimethylene-3,11-dioxo-17α-pregn-4-ene-21,17-carbolactone (3), 6β,7β,15β,16β-dimethylene-3,12-dioxo-17α-pregn-4-ene-21,17-carbolactone (4), and 6β,7β,15β,16β-dimethylene-3-oxo-11β,14α-dihydroxy-17α-pregn-4-ene-21,17-carbolactone (5), along with a known metabolite, 6β,7β,15β,16β-dimethylene-3-oxo-11α-dihydroxy-17α-pregn-4-ene-21,17-carbolactone (6). This study provides not only new analogues of orally active contraceptive drug, drospirenone, but also help in understanding the metabolism of this important drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Baydoun
- Department of Biology, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon.
| | - Sheeza Iqbal
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Colin Smith
- Department of Biology, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - M Iqbal Choudhary
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21412, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Stapelfeld C, Maser E. Sex hormones reduce NNK detoxification through inhibition of short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases and aldo-keto reductases in vitro. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 276:167-173. [PMID: 28257955 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Carbonyl reduction is an important metabolic pathway for endogenous and xenobiotic substances. The tobacco specific nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK, nicotine-derived nitrosamine ketone) is classified as carcinogenic to humans (IARC, Group 1) and considered to play the most important role in tobacco-related lung carcinogenesis. Detoxification of NNK through carbonyl reduction is catalyzed by members of the AKR- and the SDR-superfamilies which include AKR1B10, AKR1C1, AKR1C2, AKR1C4, 11β-HSD1 and CBR1. Because some reductases are also involved in steroid metabolism, five different hormones were tested for their inhibitory effect on NNK carbonyl reduction. Two of those hormones were estrogens (estradiol and ethinylestradiol), another two hormones belong to the gestagen group (progesterone and drospirenone) and the last tested hormone was an androgen (testosterone). Furthermore, one of the estrogens (ethinylestradiol) and one of the gestagens (drospirenone) are synthetic hormones, used as hormonal contraceptives. Five of six NNK reducing enzymes (AKR1B10, AKR1C1, AKR1C2, AKR1C4 and 11β-HSD1) were significantly inhibited by the tested sex hormones. Only NNK reduction catalyzed by CBR1 was not significantly impaired. In the case of the other five reductases, gestagens had remarkably stronger inhibitory effects at a concentration of 25 μM (progesterone: 66-88% inhibition; drospirenone: 26-87% inhibition) in comparison to estrogens (estradiol: 17-51% inhibition; ethinylestradiol: 14-79% inhibition) and androgens (14-78% inhibition). Moreover, in most cases the synthetic hormones showed a greater ability to inhibit NNK reduction than the physiologic derivatives. These results demonstrate that male and female sex hormones have different inhibitory potentials, thus indicating that there is a varying detoxification capacity of NNK in men and women which could result in a different risk for developing lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Stapelfeld
- Institute of Toxicology and Pharmacology for Natural Scientists, University Medical School Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Brunswiker Str. 10, 24105 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Edmund Maser
- Institute of Toxicology and Pharmacology for Natural Scientists, University Medical School Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Brunswiker Str. 10, 24105 Kiel, Germany
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13
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Acharya PC, Bansal R. Synthesis of androstene oxime-nitrogen mustard bioconjugates as potent antineoplastic agents. Steroids 2017; 123:73-83. [PMID: 28450070 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, synthesis and antineoplastic activity of phenylacetic acid and benzoic acid nitrogen mustard conjugates of various steroidal oximes are reported for the first time. The conjugation was achieved through a more stable oxime-ester linkage and the resulting newly synthesized conjugates were evaluated in vitro on various human cancer cell lines for cytotoxicity. The extent of their alkylating activity was investigated by the in vitro colorimetric 4-(p-nitrobenzyl)pyridine (NBP) assay. The 17E-steroidal oxime-benzoic acid mustard ester 3β-acetoxy-17E-[p-(N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)amino)]benzoyloxyimino-androst-5-ene (8) emerged as the most potent conjugate having significant cytotoxicity on most of the NCI 60-cell lines. Outstanding growth inhibition was observed on the IGROV1 ovarian cancer cell line with GI50=0.937µM. In general, the D-ring derived androstene oxime-nitrogen mustard conjugates were found to possess better antineoplastic activity over a variety of cancer cells in comparison to those derived from other rings of the steroid skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratap Chandra Acharya
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Sector 14, Chandigarh 160 014, India
| | - Ranju Bansal
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Sector 14, Chandigarh 160 014, India.
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14
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Azoitei A, Merseburger AS, Godau B, Hoda MR, Schmid E, Cronauer MV. C-terminally truncated constitutively active androgen receptor variants and their biologic and clinical significance in castration-resistant prostate cancer. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 166:38-44. [PMID: 27345700 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A mechanism allowing castration resistant prostate cancer cells to escape the effects of conventional anti-hormonal treatments is the synthesis of constitutively active, C-terminally truncated androgen receptor (AR)-variants. Lacking the entire or vast parts of the ligand binding domain, the intended target of traditional endocrine therapies, these AR-variants (termed ARΔLBD) are insensitive to all traditional treatments including second generation compounds like abiraterone, enzalutamide or ARN-509. Although ARΔLBD are predominantly products of alternative splicing, they can also be products of nonsense mutations or proteolytic cleavage. In this review, we will discuss the etiology and function of c-terminally truncated AR-variants and their clinical significance as markers/targets for the treatment of castration resistant prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Azoitei
- Department of Urology, Ulm University Medical School, 89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - Axel S Merseburger
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Beate Godau
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - M Raschid Hoda
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Evi Schmid
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Pediatric Urology, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marcus V Cronauer
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany.
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15
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Bogner J, Zolghadr K, Hickson I, Romer T, Yurlova L. The fluorescent two-hybrid assay for live-cell profiling of androgen receptor modulators. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 166:45-53. [PMID: 27174722 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) is an important target for drug therapies combating prostate cancer. However, various acquired mutations within the AR sequence often render this receptor resistant to treatment. Ligand-induced interaction between the N- and C-termini of the AR marks the initial step in the AR signaling cascade and can thus serve as an early read-out for analysis of potential antagonists of wt and mutant AR. To measure changes of the N/C interaction in the wt and mutant AR variants upon the addition of inhibitors, we applied our recently developed Fluorescent Two-Hybrid (F2H) assay. The F2H method enables real-time monitoring and quantitative analysis of the interactions between GFP- and RFP-tagged proteins in live mammalian cells, where GFP-tagged proteins are tethered to a specific nuclear location. This anchoring approach provides a local signal enrichment suitable for direct visualization of protein-protein interactions as co-localizations by conventional epifluorescence microscopy. Since the F2H assay is fully reversible, we could monitor dynamics of AR N/C interactions in living cells in real time upon agonistic, as well as antagonistic treatments. In dose-response F2H experiments, we compared the potencies of abiraterone, bicalutamide, enzalutamide, flutamide, and galeterone/TOK-001 to prevent the dihydrotestosterone-induced N/C interaction in wt AR. We further applied the newly developed F2H assay to analyze how the AR N/C interaction is affected by the clinically relevant mutations W741L, F876L, T877A and F876L/T877A. We conclude that F2H is a reliable and technically undemanding approach for straightforward screening of new AR modulators, as well as for monitoring their activity in real time in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ian Hickson
- Janssen R&D, LLC, A Division of Johnson & Johnson, Spring House, PA, United States
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16
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Larik FA, Saeed A, Shahzad D, Faisal M, El-Seedi H, Mehfooz H, Channar PA. Synthetic approaches towards the multi target drug spironolactone and its potent analogues/derivatives. Steroids 2017; 118:76-92. [PMID: 28041953 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2016.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Spironolactone is a well-known multi-target drug and is specifically used for the treatment of high blood pressure and heart failure. It is also used for the treatment of edema, cirrhosis of the liver, malignant, pediatric, nephrosis and primary hyperaldosteronism. Spironolactone in association with thiazide diuretics treats hypertension and in association with furosemide treats bronchopulmonary dyspepsia. The therapeutic mechanism of action of spironolactone involves binding to intracellular mineralocorticoids receptors (MRs) in kidney epithelial cells, thereby inhibiting the binding of aldosterone. Since its first synthesis in 1957 there are several synthetic approaches have been reported throughout the years, Synthetic community has devoted efforts to improve the synthesis of spironolactone and to synthesize its analogues and derivatives. This review aims to provide comprehensive insight for the synthetic endeavors devoted towards the synthesis of a versatile drug spironolactone and its analogues/derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fayaz Ali Larik
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Aamer Saeed
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320 Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Danish Shahzad
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Faisal
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Hesham El-Seedi
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Biomedical Centre, Box 574, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Haroon Mehfooz
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320 Islamabad, Pakistan
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17
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Perreault M, Maltais R, Dutour R, Poirier D. Explorative study on the anticancer activity, selectivity and metabolic stability of related analogs of aminosteroid RM-133. Steroids 2016; 115:105-113. [PMID: 27553727 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2016.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
RM-133 is a key representative of a new family of aminosteroids reported as potent anticancer agents. Although RM-133 produced interesting results in 4 mouse xenograft cancer models when injected subcutaneously, it needs to be improved to increase its in vivo potency. Thus, to obtain an analog of RM-133 with a better drug potential, a structure-activity relationship study was conducted by synthesizing eleven RM-133-related compounds and addressing their antiproliferative activity on 3 human cancer cells (HL-60, OVCAR-3 and PANC-1) and 3 human normal cell lines (primary ovary, pancreas and renal proximal tubule) as well as their metabolic stability in human liver microsomes. When the 2β-tertiary amine of RM-133 was transformed into a salt or moved to position 3β, the anticancer activity was lost. Modifying the orientation of the side chain of RM-133 increased anticancer activity and selectivity, but led to a drastic loss of stability. The protection of the 3α-hydroxyl of RM-133 by the formation of an ester or a carbamate stabilized the molecule against the phase I metabolic enzymes without affecting its anticancer activity. In comparison to RM-133, the 3-dimethylcarbamate derivative 3 is more selective for cancer cells over normal cells and is much more stable in liver microsomes. Those results support the use of a pro-drug strategy targeting the 3α-hydroxyl of RM-133 as an approach to improve its drug properties. The work presented will enable the development of an optimized anticancer drug of the aminosteroid family that is suitable for a future phase I clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Perreault
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, CHU de Québec - Research Center, Québec (Québec), Canada
| | - René Maltais
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, CHU de Québec - Research Center, Québec (Québec), Canada
| | - Raphaël Dutour
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, CHU de Québec - Research Center, Québec (Québec), Canada
| | - Donald Poirier
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, CHU de Québec - Research Center, Québec (Québec), Canada; Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec (Québec), Canada.
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18
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Wang Q, Ma X, He J, Sun Q, Li Y, Li H. Binding properties of drospirenone with human serum albumin and lysozyme in vitro. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2016; 153:612-8. [PMID: 26448295 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of drospirenone (DP) with human serum albumin (HSA)/lysozyme (LYZ) was investigated using different optical techniques and molecular models. Results from the emission and time resolved fluorescence studies revealed that HSA/LYZ emission quenching with DP was initiated by static quenching mechanism. The LYZ-DP system was more easily influenced by temperature than the HSA-DP system. Displacement experiments demonstrated that the DP binding site was mainly located in site 1 of HSA. Based on the docking methods, DP was mainly bound in the active site hinge region where Trp-62 and Trp-63 are located. Conformation study showed that DP had different effects on the local conformation of HSA and LYZ molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiangling Ma
- College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiawei He
- College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiaomei Sun
- College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuanzhi Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Hui Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China.
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19
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Abstract
A general methodology for the synthesis of different steroidal 17-spirolactones is described. This method uses lithium acetylide of ethyl propiolate as the three carbon synthon and the method was successfully applied for the process development of drospirenone.
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20
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Zhao Q, Chen GD, Feng XL, Yu Y, He RR, Li XX, Huang Y, Zhou WX, Guo LD, Zheng YZ, Yao XS, Gao H. Nodulisporiviridins A-H, Bioactive Viridins from Nodulisporium sp. J Nat Prod 2015; 78:1221-1230. [PMID: 25978520 DOI: 10.1021/np500912t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Eight new viridins, nodulisporiviridins A-H (1-8), were isolated from the extract of an endolichenic fungal strain Nodulisporium sp. (No. 65-17-2-1) that was fermented with potato-dextrose broth. The structures were determined using spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic analysis. Nodulisporiviridins A-D (1-4) are unique viridins with an opened ring A. The Aβ42 aggregation inhibitory activities of 1-8 were evaluated using a thioflavin T (ThT) assay with epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) as the positive control (EGCG IC50 of 0.5 μM). Nodulisporiviridin G (7) displayed potent inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 1.2 μM, and the preliminary trend of activity of these viridins as Aβ42 aggregation inhibitors was proposed. The short-term memory assay on an Aβ transgenic drosophila model of Alzheimer's disease showed that all eight compounds improved the short-term memory capacity, with potencies close to that of the positive control (memantine).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhao
- †Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Dong Chen
- †Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Lin Feng
- †Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Yu
- †Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong-Rong He
- †Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Xia Li
- †Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Huang
- ‡State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Xia Zhou
- ‡State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang-Dong Guo
- §State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Zhi Zheng
- ⊥Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Sheng Yao
- †Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Gao
- †Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
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21
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Szabó N, Iványi Z, Szécsi M, Julesz J, Mernyák E, Huber J, Wölfling J, Minorics R, Zupkó I, Schneider G. Synthesis of methoxycarbonylpyrazolylandrostene derivatives, and their potential inhibitory effect on androgen biosynthesis and cell proliferation. Steroids 2015; 98:143-52. [PMID: 25804762 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2015.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The Claisen condensations of 3β-acetoxypregn-5-en-20-one (1) and 3β-acetoxypregna-5,16-diene (7) with dimethyl oxalate are known to lead to 3β-hydroxy-21-methoxalylpregn-5-en-20-one (2) and 3β-hydroxy-21-methoxalylpregna-5,16-dien-20-one (8), respectively. The reactions of 2 with p-substituted phenylhydrazines afford pyrazol-5-yl derivatives (5) as main, and 3-yl regioisomers (4) as minor products. The corresponding reactions of 16-ene analogue 8 afford only pyrazol-5-yl regioisomer 9. Oppenauer oxidation of the pyrazolyl compounds yields the corresponding Δ(4)-3-ketosteroids. We investigated the antiandrogenic effects of new methoxycarbonylpyrazolyl compounds through determination of their in vitro inhibition of the activities of rat testicular C17,20-lyase, Δ(5)-3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (Δ(5)-3β-HSD) and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 3 (17β-HSD3). A Δ(5)-3β-hydroxy compound in the D-ring-saturated androst-5-ene series bearing an unsubstituted phenyl group on the pyrazolyl heterocycle (5a) proved to be a potent inhibitor of Δ(5)-3β-HSD. The 4-methoxyphenyl derivative (5e) and the 3-oxo counterpart (6a) of 5a also displayed substantial inhibition. The other tested compounds exerted only weak inhibitory action against the enzymes investigated. The newly synthetized compounds were evaluated in vitro by means of MTT assays for antiproliferative activity against Hela (cervical carcinoma), A431 (skin epidermoid carcinoma) and MCF7 (breast adenocarcinoma) cells. In all four groups (3β-hydroxy- and 3-ketosteroids with saturated or unsaturated ring D), the most potent analogs contain a 4-tolyl or 4-methoxyphenyl group. Compound 5d exhibited substantial antiproliferative action against the three cell lines investigated, whereas 9d inhibited the growth of Hela cells markedly. The most noteworthy inhibition was exerted by 6a against A431 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikoletta Szabó
- 1st Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Korányi fasor 8-10, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Iványi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mihály Szécsi
- 1st Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Korányi fasor 8-10, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - János Julesz
- 1st Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Korányi fasor 8-10, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Erzsébet Mernyák
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Judit Huber
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - János Wölfling
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Renáta Minorics
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - István Zupkó
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gyula Schneider
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
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22
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Wicher G, Norlin M. Estrogen-mediated regulation of steroid metabolism in rat glial cells; effects on neurosteroid levels via regulation of CYP7B1-mediated catalysis. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 145:21-7. [PMID: 25263657 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2014.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Many neuroactive steroids, including dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), pregnenolone, 27-hydroxycholesterol and 17β-estradiol, are known to affect development and function of the brain and nervous system. These and other steroids can undergo tissue and/or cell-specific enzymatic conversions into steroid metabolites. Carefully regulated production of steroids with various physiological effects is important for cells of the nervous system. Astrocytes express many steroidogenic enzymes and are considered important producers of brain steroids. The quantitative roles of different pathways for steroid metabolism in rat astrocytes are not clear. In the current study we examined effects of estrogens on steroid metabolism catalyzed by CYP7B1 and other enzymes in primary cultures of rat astrocytes. The CYP7B1 enzyme, which has been linked to neurodegenerative disease, is involved in the metabolism of several important neurosteroids. In the present study, we found that 7α-hydroxylation, performed by CYP7B1, is the quantitatively most important pathway for DHEA metabolism in rat astrocytes. In addition, our present experiments on catalytic steroid conversions revealed that estrogens significantly suppress the CYP7B1-catalyzed metabolism of not only DHEA but also of pregnenolone and 27-hydroxycholesterol in rat astrocytes. These novel findings point to a regulatory mechanism for control of the cellular levels of these neurosteroids via CYP7B1. Our hypothesis that estrogens can regulate neurosteroid levels via this enzymatic reaction was supported by experiments using ELISA to assay levels of DHEA and pregnenolone in the presence or absence of estrogen. Furthermore, the present results show that estrogen suppresses CYP7B1-catalyzed 7α-hydroxylation also in primary cultures of rat Schwann cells, indicating that regulation by estrogen via this enzyme may be of relevance in both the CNS and the PNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Wicher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Maria Norlin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Sweden.
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Maltais R, Hospital A, Delhomme A, Roy J, Poirier D. Chemical synthesis, NMR analysis and evaluation on a cancer xenograft model (HL-60) of the aminosteroid derivative RM-133. Steroids 2014; 82:68-76. [PMID: 24486462 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2014.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The aminosteroid derivative RM-133 has been reported to be a promising pro-apoptotic agent showing activity on various cancer cell lines. Following the development of solid-phase synthesis that generated a series of libraries of aminosteroid derivatives, we now report the development of a convenient liquid phase chemical synthesis of RM-133, the most promising candidate, in order to obtain sufficient quantities to proceed with the first preclinical assays. A simple and convergent six-step synthesis was designed and allowed the preparation of a gram-quantity scale of RM-133. This aminosteroid derivative was also fully characterized by NMR experiments which revealed an interesting mixture of conformers. Finally, the in vivo potency of RM-133 was evaluated on a xenograft model in nude mice with HL-60 tumors, which has resulted in the blocking of tumor progression by 57%.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Maltais
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, CHU de Québec - Research Center (CHUL, T4), and Faculty of Medicine (Université Laval), Québec, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Audrey Hospital
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, CHU de Québec - Research Center (CHUL, T4), and Faculty of Medicine (Université Laval), Québec, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Audrey Delhomme
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, CHU de Québec - Research Center (CHUL, T4), and Faculty of Medicine (Université Laval), Québec, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Jenny Roy
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, CHU de Québec - Research Center (CHUL, T4), and Faculty of Medicine (Université Laval), Québec, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Donald Poirier
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, CHU de Québec - Research Center (CHUL, T4), and Faculty of Medicine (Université Laval), Québec, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada.
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24
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Zheng QC, Chen GD, Kong MZ, Li GQ, Cui JY, Li XX, Wu ZY, Guo LD, Cen YZ, Zheng YZ, Gao H. Nodulisporisteriods A and B, the first 3,4-seco-4-methyl-progesteroids from Nodulisporium sp. Steroids 2013; 78:896-901. [PMID: 23685090 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2013.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2013] [Revised: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Two new 4-methyl-progesteroids, nodulisporisteriod A (1) and nodulisporisteriod B (2), were isolated from the extract of an endolichenic fungal strain Nodulisporium sp. (No. 65-17-2-1), along with two related metabolites, demethoxyviridin (3) and inoterpene B (4). Their structures were determined by detailed spectroscopic analyses, X-ray crystallographic analysis and comparison of the NMR data with those of the closely related compounds previously reported. Nodulisporisteriod A (1) and nodulisporisteriod B (2) possess new carbon skeletons, which are the first cases of fission at C-3,4 in 4-methyl-progesteroids. A hypothetical biosynthetic pathway for 1 and 2 was proposed. Moreover, the Aβ42 aggregation inhibitory activities of 1-4 were evaluated using standard thioflavin T (ThT) fluorescence assay with epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) as positive control. Demethoxyviridin (3) displayed anti-Aβ42 aggregation activity with IC50 value of 13.4μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Chang Zheng
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
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25
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Jurášek M, Džubák P, Sedlák D, Dvořáková H, Hajdúch M, Bartůněk P, Drašar P. Preparation, preliminary screening of new types of steroid conjugates and their activities on steroid receptors. Steroids 2013; 78:356-61. [PMID: 23291595 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2012.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Revised: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
There were synthesized new types of ribbon type steroidal dimers derived from three types of steroidal skeletons (cholic acid, etienic acid, estrone) using Cu(I) catalyzed 1, 3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction. Steroid parts of the molecular "ribbons" are linked by heterocyclic moiety, namely by 2,6-bis((1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)-methyl)pyridine. Compounds synthesized possess different cytotoxic and hormone receptor modulating activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Jurášek
- Institute of Chemical Technology, CZ-166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
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26
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Hartmann C, Mayenzet F, Larcinese JP, Haefliger OP, Buettner A, Starkenmann C. Development of an analytical approach for identification and quantification of 5-α-androst-16-en-3-one in human milk. Steroids 2013. [PMID: 23186599 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2012.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A method was developed for the quantification of 5-α-androst-16-en-3-one in human breast milk based on application of a stable isotope dilution assay using 5α-androst-16-en-3-one-6, 6-d(2). The procedure includes extraction of the human milk by hexane with subsequent clean-up of the obtained extract by gel permeation and silica gel column chromatography. The extracted samples were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Using this method 5-α-androst-16-en-3-one could be identified and for the first time quantified in a concentration range of 26-155 ng/kg in human milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanze Hartmann
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Food Chemistry, Emil Fischer Center, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
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27
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Musharraf SG, Ali A, Khan NT, Yousuf M, Choudhary MI. Tandem mass spectrometry approach for the investigation of the steroidal metabolism: structure-fragmentation relationship (SFR) in anabolic steroids and their metabolites by ESI-MS/MS analysis. Steroids 2013; 78:171-81. [PMID: 23159734 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2012.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2012] [Revised: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) was used to investigate the effect of different substitutions introduced during metabolism on fragmentation patterns of four anabolic steroids including methyltestosterone, methandrostenolone, cis-androsterone and adrenosterone, along with their metabolites. Collision-induced dissociation (CID) analysis was performed to correlate the major product ions of 19 steroids with structural features. The analysis is done to portray metabolic alteration, such as incorporation or reduction of double bonds, hydroxylations, and/or oxidation of hydroxyl moieties to keto functional group on steroidal skeleton which leads to drastically changed product ion spectra from the respective classes of steroids, therefore, making them difficult to identify. The comparative ESI-MS/MS study also revealed some characteristic peaks to differentiate different steroidal metabolites and can be useful for the unambiguous identification of anabolic steroids in biological fluid. Moreover, LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis of fermented extract of methyltestosterone, obtained by Macrophomina phaseolina was also investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Ghulam Musharraf
- Dr. Panjwani Centre for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
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28
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Andersson PF, Bengtsson S, Cleary M, Stenlid J, Broberg A. Viridin-like steroids from Hymenoscyphus pseudoalbidus. Phytochemistry 2013; 86:195-200. [PMID: 23098903 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2012.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Revised: 09/23/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Three furanosteroids were isolated from the ash dieback causing fungus Hymenoscyphus pseudoalbidus along with the known compounds viridiol and demethoxyviridiol. The compounds were characterized by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, LC-HRMS and polarimetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre F Andersson
- Department of Chemistry, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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29
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Viswanathan K, Ononye SN, Cooper HD, Kyle Hadden M, Anderson AC, Wright DL. Viridin analogs derived from steroidal building blocks. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:6919-22. [PMID: 23040731 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Naturally occurring furanosteroids such as viridin and wortmannin have long been known as potent inhibitors of the lipid kinase PI-3K. We have been interested in directly accessing analogs of these complex natural products from abundant steroid feedstock materials. In this communication, we describe the synthesis of viridin/wortmannin hybrid molecules from readily available building blocks that function as PI-3K inhibitors and maintain their electrophilic properties. The compounds also show anti-proliferative effects against a breast cancer line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishore Viswanathan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, United States
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30
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Christakoudi S, Cowan DA, Taylor NF. Steroids excreted in urine by neonates with 21-hydroxylase deficiency. 3. Characterization, using GC-MS and GC-MS/MS, of androstanes and androstenes. Steroids 2012; 77:1487-501. [PMID: 22974828 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2012.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2012] [Revised: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 08/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Urine from neonates with 21-hydroxylase deficiency contains a large range of androstane(ene)s, many of which have not been previously described. We present their characterization as the third part of a comprehensive study of urinary steroids, aiming to enhance the diagnosis of this disorder and to further elucidate steroid metabolism in neonates. Steroids were analyzed, after extraction and enzymatic conjugate hydrolysis, as methyloxime-trimethylsilyl ether derivatives on gas-chromatographs coupled to quadrupole and ion-trap mass-spectrometers. GC-MS and GC-MS/MS spectra were used together to determine the structure of hitherto undescribed androstane(ene)s. GC-MS/MS was pivotal for the structural characterization of 2-hydroxylated androstenediones but GC-MS was generally more informative for androstane(ene)s, in contrast to 17-hydroxylated pregnane(ene)s. Parallels were found between the GC-MS and GC-MS/MS characteristics of structurally similar androstenediones and progesterones without a substituent on the D-ring, but not with those of 17-hydroxylated progesterones. Assignment of 5α(β) orientation, based on GC-MS characteristics, was possible for 11-oxo-androstanes. The major endogenous 3β-hydroxy-5-enes in 21-hydroxylase deficiency did not differ from those in unaffected neonates. The key qualitative and quantitative differences encompassed 5α(β)-androstanes and 3-oxo-androst-4-enes. Major positions of hydroxylation in these were C(2), C(6), C(11), C(16) and C(18). Additional oxo-groups were common at C(6), C(11) and C(16). We conclude that the presence of multiple further oxygenated metabolites of androstenedione in urine from neonates with 21-hydroxylase deficiency and their pattern indicate a predominance of the classical pathway of androgen synthesis and reflect an increased demand for clearance. The positions of oxygenation in androstane(ene)s are dependent on the configuration at C(3)-C(5).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Christakoudi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS, UK.
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31
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Bansal R, Acharya PC. Synthesis and antileukemic activity of 16E-[4-(2-carboxy)ethoxybenzylidene]-androstene amides. Steroids 2012; 77:552-7. [PMID: 22326415 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2012.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2011] [Revised: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In order to determine the structural requirements for cytotoxicity against various tumor cell lines, a new series of 16E-arylidene androstene amides with varying degrees of unsaturation in ring A has been synthesized. Characterization and invitro cytotoxic studies of the newly synthesized compounds are discussed. The compounds on evaluation against various tumor cell lines exhibited significant growth inhibition on leukemia cell lines. 3-Chloro-16E-{[4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-2-oxoethoxy]benzylidene}androst-5-en-17-one (10) emerged as the most potent compound of the series with GI(50) values of 3.94, 2.61, 6.90 and 1.79μM against CCRF-CEM, K-562, RPMI-8226 and SR leukemia cell lines, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranju Bansal
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160 014, India.
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32
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Krstić NM, Bjelaković MS, Pavlović VD, Robeyns K, Juranić ZD, Matić I, Novaković I, Sladić DM. New androst-4-en-17-spiro-1,3,2-oxathiaphospholanes. Synthesis, assignment of absolute configuration and in vitro cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities. Steroids 2012; 77:558-65. [PMID: 22342468 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2012.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Revised: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The reactions of 17α-hydroxyprogesterone with Lawesson's reagent (LR) in toluene, CH(2)Cl(2) and/or CCl(4) gave, depending on the duration of the reaction, two diastereoisomeric androst-4-en-17-spiro-1,3,2-oxathiaphospholane-2-sulfide pairs 2a,b and 3a,b in approximately 7:3 ratio, differing in configuration at the phosphorus atom. A parallel analysis of heteronuclear 2D (1)H-(13)C spectra (HSQC and HMBC) and homonuclear 2D spectra (NOESY) enabled complete (1)H and (13)C assignments of each isomer. Also, analysis of NOESY correlations provided evidence for the preferred conformation. X-ray analysis of 3a confirmed the structure and absolute configuration on phosphorus. A pathway for the formation of 1,3,2-oxathiaphospholane ring was proposed. Cytotoxic activity in vitro was tested against three tumor cell lines (human cervix carcinoma HeLa cells and two human breast carcinoma MDA-MB-361 and MDA-MB-453 cells). Compound 3a and mixture 3a,b showed a moderate activity against HeLa and MDA-MB-453 cell lines while against MDA-MB-361 cell line all tested compounds exerted very weak cytotoxic effect. Antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria and fungal cells, toxicity to brine shrimp Artemia salina, were evaluated. All tested compounds showed strong antifungal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalija M Krstić
- Center for Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, P.O. Box 473, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia.
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Gioiello A, Sardella R, Rosatelli E, Sadeghpour BM, Natalini B, Pellicciari R. Novel stereoselective synthesis and chromatographic evaluation of E-guggulsterone. Steroids 2012; 77:250-4. [PMID: 22155267 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2011.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2011] [Revised: 11/18/2011] [Accepted: 11/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A new stereoselective synthesis of E-guggulsterone is described starting from androsten-3,17-dione. Protection of the ring A enonic system, followed by regioselective Wittig reaction and C-16 oxidation, affords E-guggulsterone in good yields and high stereoselectivity, making this approach easily accessible and scalable. Moreover, an original normal-phase HPLC method enabling the fast quantitation of the guggulsterone isomeric purity, combined with the suitability for sampling procedures, is detailed. The relying upon the cellulose-based Chiralpak IB column and the chloroform as the "non-standard" component of the eluent mixture, allows to get profitably high chromatographic performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antimo Gioiello
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università di Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
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Peart PC, Chen ARM, Reynolds WF, Reese PB. Entrapment of mycelial fragments in calcium alginate: a general technique for the use of immobilized filamentous fungi in biocatalysis. Steroids 2012; 77:85-90. [PMID: 22064215 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2011.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2011] [Revised: 09/24/2011] [Accepted: 10/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Transformation reactions on 3β,17β-dihydroxyandrost-5-ene using free fungal cells were compared with those carried out by macerated mycelia, immobilized in calcium alginate beads. Six fungi were utilized in this study, namely Rhizopus oryzae ATCC 11145, Mucor plumbeus ATCC 4740, Cunninghamella echinulata var. elegans ATCC 8688a, Aspergillus niger ATCC 9142, Phanerochaete chrysosporium ATCC 24725 and Whetzelinia sclerotiorum ATCC 18687. The results show, for the first time, that encapsulated mycelial fragments essentially carry out the same bioconversions as those observed with growing cells. As the immobilized cells were "resting", the products formed were free of contamination by natural products, and this greatly aided the purification of the metabolites. Conditions for bead preparation were optimized. Furthermore, it was noted that the beads could be reused, once they had been subjected to a rejuvenation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrice C Peart
- Department of Chemistry, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica
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35
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Bansal R, Guleria S, Young LC, Harvey AL. Synthesis of quaternary ammonium salts of 16E-[4-(2-alkylaminoethoxy)-3-methoxybenzylidene]androstene derivatives as skeletal muscle relaxants. Steroids 2011; 76:254-60. [PMID: 21115024 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2010.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2010] [Revised: 11/12/2010] [Accepted: 11/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of eighteen new quaternary ammonium salts of 16E-arylidene androstene derivatives as skeletal muscle relaxants is reported in the present study. The effects of possibly extended interonium distances on muscle relaxant activity are discussed. All the quaternary ammonium steroids produced reduction in the twitch responses, when screened for in vitro neuromuscular blocking activity using isolated chick biventer cervicis muscle preparation. However, the variable interonium distance, which is believed to range from 11 to 17 Å in these quaternary compounds and is associated with the built in flexibility of these structures about the single bonds on the moieties linked to ring D of the steroid skeleton, resulted in varied degrees of muscle relaxant activity. Some of the compounds also inhibited acetylcholinesterase activity in low concentrations so that they would not be directly suitable for use as muscle relaxants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranju Bansal
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
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36
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Szécsi M, Ondré D, Tóth I, Magony S, Wölfling J, Schneider G, Julesz J. Determination of rat 5alpha-reductase type 1 isozyme activity and its inhibition by novel steroidal oxazolines. Acta Biol Hung 2010; 61:274-81. [PMID: 20724274 DOI: 10.1556/abiol.61.2010.3.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The 5alpha-reductase type 1 isozyme is a key enzyme in the metabolism of the androgen steroid hormones and inhibitors of this enzyme represent a new pharmacological treatment for several androgen dependent diseases. We developed a radiosubstrate in vitro incubation method for the determination of 5alpha-reductase type 1 activity using rat liver microsomes as an enzyme source. With this method we have studied the inhibiting activity of novel (5' S)-17beta-(4,5-dihydrooxazol-5-yl)androst-5-en-3-one compounds containing various derivatized phenyl substituents coupled to the exo -heterocyclic moiety. Tests revealed moderate inhibitory actions compared to finasteride, nevertheless, results provide interesting structure-activity relationship data.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Szécsi
- 1st Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, 8-10 H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
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37
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Smith A, Blois J, Yuan H, Aikawa E, Ellson C, Figueiredo JL, Weissleder R, Kohler R, Yaffe MB, Cantley LC, Josephson L. The antiproliferative cytostatic effects of a self-activating viridin prodrug. Mol Cancer Ther 2009; 8:1666-75. [PMID: 19509266 PMCID: PMC2740925 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-08-1012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although viridins like wortmannin (Wm) have long been examined as anticancer agents, their ability to self-activate has only recently been recognized. Here, we describe the cytostatic effects of a self-activating viridin (SAV), which is an inactive, polymeric prodrug. SAV self-activates to generate a bioactive, fluorescent viridin NBD-Wm with a half-time of 9.2 hours. With cultured A549 cells, 10 micromol/L SAV caused growth arrest without inducing apoptosis or cell death, a cytostatic action markedly different from other chemotherapeutic agents (vinblastine, camptothecin, and paclitaxel). In vivo, a SAV dosing of 1 mg/kg once in 48 hours (i.p.) resulted in growth arrest of an A549 tumor xenograft, with growth resuming when dosing ceased. With a peak serum concentration of SAV of 2.36 micromol/L (at 2 hours post i.p. injection), the concentration of bioactive NBD-Wm was 41 nmol/L based on the partial inhibition of neutrophil respiratory burst. Therefore, SAV was present as an inactive prodrug in serum (peak = 2.36 micromol/L), which generated low concentrations of active viridin (41 nmol/L). SAV is a prodrug, the slow release and cytostatic activities of which suggest that it might be useful as a component of metronomic-based chemotherapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Smith
- Center for Molecular Imaging Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Joseph Blois
- Center for Molecular Imaging Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Hushan Yuan
- Center for Molecular Imaging Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Elena Aikawa
- Center for Molecular Imaging Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Christian Ellson
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Department of Biology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Jose-Luiz Figueiredo
- Center for Molecular Imaging Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School and Division of Signal Transduction, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rainer Kohler
- Center for Molecular Imaging Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Michael B. Yaffe
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Department of Biology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Lewis C. Cantley
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School and Division of Signal Transduction, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lee Josephson
- Center for Molecular Imaging Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
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38
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Abstract
New type of linear cholesterol-like molecules based on cholesterol extended by attachment of etienic acid derivatives was designed and oligosteroids with two to four units were synthesized. Amide bond was used for inter steroid connections and 1-hydroxybenzotriazole active ester method was adapted for their formations. Use of disteroids as larger building blocks was applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Cerný
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
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39
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Bansal R, Guleria S. Synthesis of 16E-[3-methoxy-4-(2-aminoethoxy)benzylidene]androstene derivatives as potent cytotoxic agents. Steroids 2008; 73:1391-9. [PMID: 18694772 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2008.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2008] [Revised: 07/03/2008] [Accepted: 07/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and cytotoxic studies of a new series of 16E-arylidene androstene derivatives are reported herein. The impact of incorporating bis-tertiary amino functionalities in the steroid skeleton on cytotoxicity has also been observed. The compounds have been evaluated at National cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA for their antineoplastic activity against various tumor cell lines. The synthesized 16E-arylidenosteroids exhibited significant cytotoxicity. Bis-tertiary amino steroid 29 possessing a diethylaminoalkoxy functionality was the most promising compound of the series with a total IP and SC score of 20 in in vivo hollow fiber assay and was selected for further detailed in vivo xenograft testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranju Bansal
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
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40
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Cepa MMDS, Tavares da Silva EJ, Correia-da-Silva G, Roleira FMF, Teixeira NAA. Synthesis and biochemical studies of 17-substituted androst-3-enes and 3,4-epoxyandrostanes as aromatase inhibitors. Steroids 2008; 73:1409-15. [PMID: 18691607 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2008.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2008] [Revised: 07/02/2008] [Accepted: 07/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A series of 5alpha-androst-3-enes and 3alpha,4alpha-epoxy-5alpha-androstanes were synthesized and tested for their abilities to inhibit aromatase in human placental microsomes. In these series the original C-17 carbonyl group was replaced by hydroxyl, acetyl and hydroxyimine groups. Inhibition kinetic analysis on the most potent steroid of these series revealed that it inhibits the enzyme in a competitive manner (IC(50)=6.5 microM). The achieved data pointed out the importance of the C-17 carbonyl group in the D-ring of the studied steroids as a structural feature required to reach maximum aromatase inhibitory activity. Further, at least one carbonyl group (C-3 or C-17) seems to be essential to effective aromatase inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida M D S Cepa
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Aníbal Cunha 164, 4099-030 Porto, Portugal
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41
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Abstract
The 95 % ethanol extract of Gelsemium sempervirens showed inhibitory activity against human DNA topoisomerase I (Topo I). Phytochemical investigations of this active extract resulted in the isolation and identification of three new steroids ( 1 - 3), together with eight known compounds 12 beta-hydroxy-5 alpha-pregn-16-ene-3,20-dione ( 4), gelsemine ( 5), sempervirine ( 6), scopoletin ( 7), 7- O- beta- D-glucopyranosylscopoletin ( 8), 7- O- beta- D-apiofuranosyl-(1-->6)- beta- D-glucopyranosylscopoletin ( 9), uvaol ( 10), and 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl heptadecanoate ( 11). The structures of the new steroids were determined by extensive NMR and HR-ESI-MS analyses as 21-hydroxy-5 alpha-pregn-16-ene-3,20-dione ( 1), 3-oxoandrosta-16-ene-17-carboxylic acid ( 2), and 3-oxoandrosta-4,16-diene-17-carboxylic acid ( 3). This study suggests that sempervirine ( 6) intercalates to DNA and also inhibits Topo I through modulating the enzyme activity with an IC (50) of 54.5 +/- 15.9 muM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhizhen Zhang
- National Center for Pharmaceutical Crops, Arthur Temple College of Forestry and Agriculture, Stephen F. Austin State University, Nacogdoches, Texas, USA
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42
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Mishell DR. YAZ and the novel progestin drospirenone. J Reprod Med 2008; 53:721-728. [PMID: 18980044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Drospirenone is a novel progestin that is structurally related to 17 alpha-spirolactone and has antimineralocorticoid and antiandrogenic activity. A 3-mg dose of drospirenone was first used in combination with ethinyl estradiol (EE) 30 microg in a combination oral contraceptive (COC) that is administered for 21 days, followed by a 7-day hormone-free interval (HFI) (drospirenone/30EE, or Yasmin). The 21/7 regimen is considered to be the standard regimen for COC delivery. A formulation with the metabolic benefit of COCs containing a lower estrogen dose has been developed combining drospirenone 3 mg with EE 20 microg and using a regimen of 24 days of active pills, followed by a 4-day HFI (drospirenone/20EE-24/4), or YAZ (Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals Inc., Wayne, New Jersey). Since drospirenone has a half-life of > 30 hours, its activity extends for a prolonged time into the shortened HFI. This new COC has been shown to provide effective contraception and to have a good safety profile. Two large noninterventional studies have recently evaluated the safety of drospirenone/30EE in 2 areas of special interest: hyperkalemia and thromboembolic events. Use of a drospirenone-containing COC was not associated with an increased risk of either type of disorder in comparison with COCs containing other progestins. Drospirenone/20EE-24/4 provides a low dose of EE in combination with drospirenone in an effective and safe COC that is administered using a regimen with a shortened HFI. Drospirenone/20EE-24/4 is the only COC with 3 indications: contraception and the treatment of premenstrual dysphoric disorder in women who wish to use a COC for birth control, and the treatment of moderate acne in women who are at least 14-years-old, have achieved menarche and wish to use a COC for birth control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Mishell
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
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43
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Abstract
Liver X receptors (LXRs) are key regulators of lipid and cholesterol metabolism in mammals. Little is known, however, about the function and evolution of LXRs in non-mammalian species. The present study reports the cloning of LXRs from African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis), Western clawed frog (Xenopus tropicalis), and zebrafish (Danio rerio), and their functional characterization and comparison with human and mouse LXRs. Additionally, an ortholog of LXR in the chordate invertebrate Ciona intestinalis was cloned and functionally characterized. Ligand specificities of the frog and zebrafish LXRs were very similar to LXRalpha and LXRbeta from human and mouse. All vertebrate LXRs studied were activated robustly by the synthetic ligands T-0901317 and GW3965 and by a variety of oxysterols. In contrast, Ciona LXR was not activated by T-0901317 or GW3965 but was activated by a limited number of oxysterols, as well as some androstane and pregnane steroids. Pharmacophore analysis, homology modeling, and docking studies of Ciona LXR predict a receptor with a more restricted ligand-binding pocket and less intrinsic disorder in the ligand-binding domain compared to vertebrate LXRs. The results suggest that LXRs have a long evolutionary history, with vertebrate LXRs diverging from invertebrate LXRs in ligand specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica J. Reschly
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Ni Ai
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - William J. Welsh
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Sean Ekins
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, United States
- Collaborations in Chemistry, Inc., Jenkintown, PA, United States
| | - Lee R. Hagey
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Matthew D. Krasowski
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- * Corresponding author at: Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Scaife Hall S-737, 3550 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States. Tel.: +1 412 647 6517; fax: +1 412 647 5934. E-mail address: (M.D. Krasowski)
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44
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Djurendić E, Daljev J, Sakac M, Canadi J, Santa SJ, Andrić S, Klisurić O, Kojić V, Bogdanović G, Djurendić-Brenesel M, Novaković S, Gasi KP. Synthesis of some epoxy and/or N-oxy 17-picolyl and 17-picolinylidene-androst-5-ene derivatives and evaluation of their biological activity. Steroids 2008; 73:129-38. [PMID: 17963806 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2007.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2007] [Revised: 09/10/2007] [Accepted: 09/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Steroidal epoxy and/or N-oxy 17-picolyl and 17-picolinylidene-androst-5-ene derivatives have been prepared using 3beta,17beta-dihydroxy-17alpha-picolyl-androst-5-ene (1), 3beta-acetoxy-17-picolinylidene-androst-5-ene (2), and 3beta-hydroxy-17-picolinylidene-androst-5-ene (3) as synthetic precursors. The compounds 2 and/or 3 were reacted with m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid (MCPBA). The compounds synthesized from 2 were 17-picolinylidene-N-oxide 4, 5alpha,6alpha-epoxy and 5beta,6beta-epoxy-17-picolinylidene-N-oxide 5 and 6, and 5alpha,6alpha:17alpha,20alpha- and 5beta,6beta:17alpha,20alpha-diepoxy-N-oxide 7 and 8. Starting from compound 3, a mixture of 5alpha,6alpha-epoxy and 5beta,6beta-epoxy-17-picolinylidene 9 and 10, 5alpha,6alpha-epoxy and 5beta,6beta-epoxy-17-picolinylidene-N-oxide 11 and 12, and 5alpha,6alpha:17alpha,20alpha- and 5beta,6beta:17alpha,20alpha-diepoxy-N-oxide 13 and 14 were obtained. From compounds 15 and 18, obtained from 1 and 3 by the Oppenauer oxidation, the 4alpha,5alpha-epoxy and 4beta,5beta-epoxy derivatives 16, 17 and 20, 21 were prepared by oxidation with 30% H(2)O(2). Oxidation of 18 with MCPBA yielded only the N-oxide 19. The structures of compounds 15 and 18 were proved by the X-ray analysis. Compounds 1-6, 9, 15, 17, 18, and 21 were tested on activity against the enzyme aromatase. Antitumor activity against three tumor cell lines (human breast adenocarcinoma ER+, MCF-7, human breast adenocarcinoma ER-, MDA-MB-231, and prostate cancer PC3) was evaluated. Three tested compounds (1, 4, and 19) showed strong activity against PC3, the IC(50) values being in the range 0.55-10microM, whereas compound 17 showed strong activity against MDA-MB-231 (IC(50) 10.4microM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenija Djurendić
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21 000 Novi Sad, Serbia.
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45
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Choudhary MI, Khan NT, Musharraf SG, Anjum S. Biotransformation of adrenosterone by filamentous fungus, Cunninghamella elegans. Steroids 2007; 72:923-9. [PMID: 17889091 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2007.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2007] [Revised: 08/05/2007] [Accepted: 08/08/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Microbial transformation of adrenosterone (1) by suspended-cell cultures of the filamentous fungus Cunninghamella elegans resulted in the production of five metabolites 2-6, which were identified as 9alpha-hydroxyadrenosterone (2), 11-ketotestosterone (3), 6beta-hydroxyadrenosterone (4), 9alpha-hydroxy-11-ketotestosterone (5), and 6beta-hydroxy-11-ketotestosterone (6). Structures of new metabolites 2, 5, and 6 were established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Iqbal Choudhary
- HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan.
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46
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Abstract
Alkyne oxazoles of general structure I are transformed directly to furo[2,3-b]phenol derivatives II by a sequence involving intramolecular Diels-Alder/retro-Diels-Alder reaction followed by tautomerization. Suitably functionalized phenols II undergo an intramolecular phenol-dienone-aldol condensation, generating the A,B,E-ring skeleton III characteristic of the viridin (1) class of furanosteroids.
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47
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Andrade LCR, Paixão JA, de Almeida MJM, Fernandes Roleira FM, Tavares da Silva EJ. 3,17-Dioxoandrost-4-en-4-yl acetate. Acta Crystallogr C 2007; 63:o330-1. [PMID: 17551194 DOI: 10.1107/s0108270107015533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2007] [Accepted: 03/29/2007] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The title compound, C(21)H(28)O(4), has a 4-acetoxy substituent positioned on the steroid alpha face. The six-membered ring A assumes a conformation intermediate between 1alpha,2beta-half chair and 1alpha-sofa. A long Csp(3)-Csp(3) bond is observed in ring B and reproduced in quantum-mechanical ab initio calculations of the isolated molecule using a molecular-orbital Hartree-Fock method. Cohesion of the crystal can be attributed to van der Waals interactions and weak C-H...O hydrogen bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C R Andrade
- CEMDRX, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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48
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Hagiwara K, Nakamura Y, Nishijima M, Yamakawa Y. Prevention of prion propagation by dehydrocholesterol reductase inhibitors in cultured cells and a therapeutic trial in mice. Biol Pharm Bull 2007; 30:835-8. [PMID: 17409533 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.30.835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In prion diseases, the normal cellular form of prion protein (PrP(C)) is converted into the disease-associated isoforms (PrP(Sc)) which accumulate in the infected tissues. Although the precise mechanism of this conversion remains unsolved, drugs of various categories have been reported to reduce the accumulation of PrP(Sc) in prion-infected cultured cells. We here show that AY-9944 (a 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase inhibitor) and U18666A (a 24-dehydrocholesterol reductase inhibitor) prevent PrP(Sc) from accumulating in prion-infected mouse neuroblastoma cells (ScN2a), with an ED50 of about 0.5 microM and 10 nM, respectively. In order to evaluate the efficacy of these two inhibitors in vivo, C57BL/6J mice inoculated with mouse-adapted scrapie-prion received repetitive intraperitoneal injections of U18666A (10 mg/kg) or a mixture of U18666A (10 mg/kg) and AY-9944 (12 mg/kg). By contrast to the potent anti-prion effects observed in ScN2a cells, the in vivo trial was abortive with neither drug halting the progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken'ichi Hagiwara
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan.
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49
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Kamernitskiĭ AV, Chernoburova EI, Chertkova VV, Zavarzin IV, Iarovenko VN, Kraiushkin MM. [Acylhydrazones of 20-keto steroids and their transformations: I. Synthesis and properties of 1'-acyl-substituted 3'-methylandrosteno[16,17-d]pyrazolines]. Bioorg Khim 2007; 33:337-41. [PMID: 17682390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Acetates of 3beta-hydroxy-3'-methyl-1'(N)-acylandrost-5-eno[16,17-d]pyrazolines bearing monothiooxamide acyl groups were synthesized during the study of approaches to the synthesis of 3'-methylandrosteno[16,17-d]azoles, promising biologically active analogues of 20-keto pregnenanes, and their properties were investigated. The cyclization of delta16-20-thiooxamidohydrazones to the corresponding heterocycles was shown to proceed under rigorous conditions and to depend partially on the nature of the oxamide grouping.
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50
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Litvinovskaia RP, Baranovskiĭ AV, Aver'kova MA, Khripach VA. [The synthesis of 2alpha,3alpha-isopropylidenedioxy-6,6-ethylenedioxy-5alpha-androst-15-en-17-one and its 2beta,3beta-isomer]. Bioorg Khim 2007; 33:342-8. [PMID: 17682391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Androstane and delta15-androstane analogues of brassinosteroids were synthesized from dehydroepiandrosterone. The key stage, hydroxylation of 17beta-acetoxyandrost-2-en-6-one double bond with OsO4, yielded the corresponding 2alpha,3alpha- and 2beta,3beta-diols. The target 2alpha,3alpha-isopropylidenedioxy-6,6-ethylenedioxy-5alpha-androst-15-en-17-one and its 2beta,3beta-isomer were obtained by dehydrosilylation of the corresponding silylene ethers with palladium acetate.
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