1
|
Zimmermann S, Revel M, Borowska E, Horn H. Degradation and mineralization of anti-cancer drugs Capecitabine, Bicalutamide and Irinotecan by UV-irradiation and ozone. Chemosphere 2024; 356:141780. [PMID: 38604516 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
The degradation of three anti-cancer drugs (ADs), Capecitabine (CAP), Bicalutamide (BIC) and Irinotecan (IRI), in ultrapure water by ozonation and UV-irradiation was tested in a bench-scale reactor and AD concentrations were measured through ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). A low-pressure mercury UV (LP-UV) lamp was used and degradation by UV (λ = 254 nm) followed pseudo-first order kinetics. Incident radiation in the reactor was measured via chemical actinometry using uridine. The quantum yields (φ) for the degradation of CAP, BIC and IRI were 0.012, 0.0020 and 0.0045 mol Einstein-1, respectively. Ozone experiments with CAP and IRI were conducted by adding ozone stock solution to the reactor either with or without addition of tert-butanol (t-BuOH) as radical quencher. Using this experimental arrangement, no degradation of BIC was observed, so a semi-batch setup was employed for the ozone degradation experiments of BIC. Without t-BuOH, apparent second order reaction rate constants for the reaction of the ADs with molecular ozone were determined to be 3.5 ± 0.8 ∙ 103 L mol-1 s-1 (CAP), 7.9 ± 2.1 ∙ 10-1 L mol-1 s-1 (BIC) and 1.0 ± 0.3 ∙ 103 L mol-1 s-1 (IRI). When OH-radicals (∙OH) were quenched, rate constants were virtually the same for CAP and IRI. For BIC, a significantly lower constant of 1.0 ± 0.5 ∙ 10-1 L mol-1 s-1 was determined. Of the tested substances, BIC was the most recalcitrant, with the slowest degradation during both ozonation and UV-irradiation. The extent of mineralization was also determined for both processes. UV irradiation was able to fully degrade up to 80% of DOC, ozonation up to 30%. Toxicity tests with Daphnia magna (D. magna) did not find toxicity for fully degraded solutions of the three ADs at environmentally relevant concentrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Zimmermann
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engler-Bunte-Institut, Water Chemistry and Water Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 9, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Messika Revel
- UniLaSalle - Ecole des Métiers de L'Environnement, CYCLANN, Campus de Ker Lann, F-35170, Bruz, France
| | - Ewa Borowska
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engler-Bunte-Institut, Water Chemistry and Water Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 9, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Harald Horn
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engler-Bunte-Institut, Water Chemistry and Water Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 9, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany; DVGW Research Laboratories for Water Chemistry and Water Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 9, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Khabir Z, Holmes AM, Lai YJ, Liang L, Deva A, Polikarpov MA, Roberts MS, Zvyagin AV. Human Epidermal Zinc Concentrations after Topical Application of ZnO Nanoparticles in Sunscreens. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12372. [PMID: 34830253 PMCID: PMC8618668 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc oxide nanoparticle (ZnO NP)-based sunscreens are generally considered safe because the ZnO NPs do not penetrate through the outermost layer of the skin, the stratum corneum (SC). However, cytotoxicity of zinc ions in the viable epidermis (VE) after dissolution from ZnO NP and penetration into the VE is ill-defined. We therefore quantified the relative concentrations of endogenous and exogenous Zn using a rare stable zinc-67 isotope (67Zn) ZnO NP sunscreen applied to excised human skin and the cytotoxicity of human keratinocytes (HaCaT) using multiphoton microscopy, zinc-selective fluorescent sensing, and a laser-ablation inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) methodology. Multiphoton microscopy with second harmonic generation imaging showed that 67ZnO NPs were retained on the surface or within the superficial layers of the SC. Zn fluorescence sensing revealed higher levels of labile and intracellular zinc in both the SC and VE relative to untreated skin, confirming that dissolved zinc species permeated across the SC into the VE as ionic Zn and significantly not as ZnO NPs. Importantly, the LA-ICP-MS estimated exogenous 67Zn concentrations in the VE of 1.0 ± 0.3 μg/mL are much lower than that estimated for endogenous VE zinc of 4.3 ± 0.7 μg/mL. Furthermore, their combined total zinc concentrations in the VE are much lower than the exogenous zinc concentration of 21 to 31 μg/mL causing VE cytotoxicity, as defined by the half-maximal inhibitory concentration of exogenous 67Zn found in human keratinocytes (HaCaT). This speaks strongly for the safety of ZnO NP sunscreens applied to intact human skin and the associated recent US FDA guidance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Khabir
- Department of Physics and Astronomy & Earth and Planetary Sciences & Clinical Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, Australia; (Z.K.); (Y.-J.L.); (L.L.); (A.D.)
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Sydney 2109, Australia
| | - Amy M. Holmes
- Clinical Health Sciences and Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia;
| | - Yi-Jen Lai
- Department of Physics and Astronomy & Earth and Planetary Sciences & Clinical Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, Australia; (Z.K.); (Y.-J.L.); (L.L.); (A.D.)
| | - Liuen Liang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy & Earth and Planetary Sciences & Clinical Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, Australia; (Z.K.); (Y.-J.L.); (L.L.); (A.D.)
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Sydney 2109, Australia
| | - Anand Deva
- Department of Physics and Astronomy & Earth and Planetary Sciences & Clinical Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, Australia; (Z.K.); (Y.-J.L.); (L.L.); (A.D.)
| | | | - Michael S. Roberts
- Clinical Health Sciences and Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia;
- Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Andrei V. Zvyagin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy & Earth and Planetary Sciences & Clinical Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, Australia; (Z.K.); (Y.-J.L.); (L.L.); (A.D.)
- Centre of Biomedical Engineering, Sechenov University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kumar K, Woolum K. A Novel Reagent for Radioiodine Labeling of New Chemical Entities (NCEs) and Biomolecules. Molecules 2021; 26:4344. [PMID: 34299619 PMCID: PMC8304513 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Radioiodine labeling of peptides and proteins is routinely performed by using various oxidizing agents such as Chloramine T, Iodobeads, and Iodogen reagent and radioactive iodide (I-), although some other oxidizing agents were also investigated. The main objective of the present study was to develop and test a novel reagent, inorganic monochloramine (NH2Cl), for radioiodine labeling of new chemical entities and biomolecules which is cost-effective, easy to make and handle, and is selective to label amino acids, peptides, and proteins. The data presented in this report demonstrate that the yields of the non-radioactive iodine labeling reactions using monochloramine are >70% for an amino acid (tyrosine) and a cyclic peptide (cyclo Arg-Gly-Asp-d-Tyr-Lys, cRGDyK). No evidence of the formation of N-chloro derivatives in cRGDyK was observed, suggesting that the reagent is selective in iodinating the tyrosine residue in the biomolecules. The method was successfully translated into radioiodine labeling of amino acid, a peptide, and a protein, Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krishan Kumar
- Laboratory for Translational Research in Imaging Pharmaceuticals, The Wright Center of Innovation in Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43212, USA;
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
Here we report the direct conversion of strong, aliphatic C(sp3)-H bonds into the corresponding alkyl sulfinic acids via decatungstate photocatalysis. This transformation has been applied to a diverse range of C(sp3)-rich scaffolds, including natural products and approved pharmaceuticals, providing efficient access to complex sulfur-containing products. To demonstrate the broad potential of this methodology for the divergent synthesis of pharmaceutically relevant molecules, procedures for the diversification of the sulfinic acid products into a range of medicinally relevant functional groups have been developed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J Sarver
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Noah B Bissonnette
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - David W C MacMillan
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mphahlele MJ, Onwu EE, Maluleka MM. Spectroscopic, X-ray Diffraction and Density Functional Theory Study of Intra- and Intermolecular Hydrogen Bonds in Ortho-(4-tolylsulfonamido)benzamides. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26040926. [PMID: 33578637 PMCID: PMC7916388 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The conformations of the title compounds were determined in solution (NMR and UV-Vis spectroscopy) and in the solid state (FT-IR and XRD), complemented with density functional theory (DFT) in the gas phase. The nonequivalence of the amide protons of these compounds due to the hindered rotation of the C(O)–NH2 single bond resulted in two distinct resonances of different chemical shift values in the aromatic region of their 1H-NMR spectra. Intramolecular hydrogen bonding interactions between the carbonyl oxygen and the sulfonamide hydrogen atom were observed in the solution phase and solid state. XRD confirmed the ability of the amide moiety of this class of compounds to function as a hydrogen bond acceptor to form a six-membered hydrogen bonded ring and a donor simultaneously to form intermolecular hydrogen bonded complexes of the type N–H···O=S. The distorted tetrahedral geometry of the sulfur atom resulted in a deviation of the sulfonamide moiety from co-planarity of the anthranilamide scaffold, and this geometry enabled oxygen atoms to form hydrogen bonds in higher dimensions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malose J. Mphahlele
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Private Bag X06, Florida 1710, South Africa;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +27-11-670-9301
| | - Eugene E. Onwu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Private Bag X06, Florida 1710, South Africa;
| | - Marole M. Maluleka
- Department of Chemistry, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga 0727, South Africa;
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yin V, Konermann L. Probing the Effects of Heterogeneous Oxidative Modifications on the Stability of Cytochrome c in Solution and in the Gas Phase. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2021; 32:73-83. [PMID: 32401029 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Covalent modifications by reactive oxygen species can modulate the function and stability of proteins. Thermal unfolding experiments in solution are a standard tool for probing oxidation-induced stability changes. Complementary to such solution investigations, the stability of electrosprayed protein ions can be assessed in the gas phase by collision-induced unfolding (CIU) and ion-mobility spectrometry. A question that remains to be explored is whether oxidation-induced stability alterations in solution are mirrored by the CIU behavior of gaseous protein ions. Here, we address this question using chloramine-T-oxidized cytochrome c (CT-cyt c) as a model system. CT-cyt c comprises various proteoforms that have undergone MetO formation (+16 Da) and Lys carbonylation (LysCH2-NH2 → LysCHO, -1 Da). We found that CT-cyt c in solution was destabilized, with a ∼5 °C reduced melting temperature compared to unmodified controls. Surprisingly, CIU experiments revealed the opposite trend, i.e., a stabilization of CT-cyt c in the gas phase. To pinpoint the source of this effect, we performed proteoform-resolved CIU on CT-cyt c fractions that had been separated by cation exchange chromatography. In this way, it was possible to identify MetO formation at residue 80 as the key modification responsible for stabilization in the gas phase. Possibly, this effect is caused by newly formed contacts of the sulfoxide with aromatic residues in the protein core. Overall, our results demonstrate that oxidative modifications can affect protein stability in solution and in the gas phase very differently.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor Yin
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Lars Konermann
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sattar A, Aziz-Ur-Rehman , Abbasi MA, Siddiqui SZ, Rasool S, Ali Shah SA. Report - Synthesis of new antibacterial agents encompassing tosyl, piperidine, propanamide and 1,3,4-oxadiazole functionalities. Pak J Pharm Sci 2020; 33:1697-1705. [PMID: 33583804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A series of propanamide compounds 6a-l was derived by N-substitution reactions, encompassing tosyl, piperidine and 1,3,4-oxadiazole moieties. The intended array of compounds 6a-l was afforded by a series of five steps reaction scheme. 1-Tosylpiperidin-4-carboxylate (1) was synthesized by the reaction of tosyl chloride (a) with ethyl isonipecotate (b) under mild basic conditions. Compound 1 was subjected to nucleophillic substitution by hydrazine to synthesize 1-tosylpiperidin-4-carbohydrazide (2). The compound, 5-(1-tosylpiperidin-4-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thiol (3) was synthesized by intermolecular cyclization of compound 2 by CS2 under strong basic conditions. The target compounds, 6a-l, were finally synthesized from 3 by reacting with different electrophiles, 5a-l, in an aprotic polar solvent with sodium hydride as an activator. The different propanamoyl electrophiles, 5a-l, were synthesized by the reaction of different aromatic and aliphatic amines, 4a-l, with 3-bromopropionyl chloride under mild basic conditions. The structural elucidation was carried out using modern spectroscopic techniques including IR, 1H-NMR and EI-MS. The antibacterial potential of synthesized compounds was assessed against five bacterial strains. Compounds 6a, 6c, 6d, 6e and 6f were found to be potent antibacterial agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Almas Sattar
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - - Aziz-Ur-Rehman
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Shahid Rasool
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Syed Adnan Ali Shah
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknology MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia/Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Products Discovery (AuRIns), Level 9, FF3, Universiti Teknology MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kang K, Huang L, Weix DJ. Sulfonate Versus Sulfonate: Nickel and Palladium Multimetallic Cross-Electrophile Coupling of Aryl Triflates with Aryl Tosylates. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:10634-10640. [PMID: 32486635 PMCID: PMC7373434 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c04670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
While phenols are frequent and convenient aryl sources in cross-coupling, typically as sulfonate esters, the direct cross-Ullmann coupling of two different sulfonate esters is unknown. We report here a general solution to this challenge catalyzed by a combination of Ni and Pd with Zn reductant and LiBr as an additive. The reaction has broad scope, as demonstrated in 33 examples (65% ± 11% average yield). Mechanistic studies show that Pd strongly prefers the aryl triflate, the Ni catalyst has a small preference for the aryl tosylate, aryl transfer between catalysts is mediated by Zn, and Pd improves yields by consuming arylzinc intermediates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Kang
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Schierle S, Helmstädter M, Schmidt J, Hartmann M, Horz M, Kaiser A, Weizel L, Heitel P, Proschak A, Hernandez‐Olmos V, Proschak E, Merk D. Dual Farnesoid X Receptor/Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Modulators Derived from Zafirlukast. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:50-67. [PMID: 31670489 PMCID: PMC7004070 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201900576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and the enzyme soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) are validated molecular targets to treat metabolic disorders such as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Their simultaneous modulation in vivo has demonstrated a triad of anti-NASH effects and thus may generate synergistic efficacy. Here we report dual FXR activators/sEH inhibitors derived from the anti-asthma drug Zafirlukast. Systematic structural optimization of the scaffold has produced favorable dual potency on FXR and sEH while depleting the original cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonism of the lead drug. The resulting polypharmacological activity profile holds promise in the treatment of liver-related metabolic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Schierle
- Institute of Pharmaceutical ChemistryGoethe University FrankfurtMax-von-Laue-Str. 960438FrankfurtGermany
| | - Moritz Helmstädter
- Institute of Pharmaceutical ChemistryGoethe University FrankfurtMax-von-Laue-Str. 960438FrankfurtGermany
| | - Jurema Schmidt
- Institute of Pharmaceutical ChemistryGoethe University FrankfurtMax-von-Laue-Str. 960438FrankfurtGermany
| | - Markus Hartmann
- Institute of Pharmaceutical ChemistryGoethe University FrankfurtMax-von-Laue-Str. 960438FrankfurtGermany
| | - Maximiliane Horz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical ChemistryGoethe University FrankfurtMax-von-Laue-Str. 960438FrankfurtGermany
| | - Astrid Kaiser
- Institute of Pharmaceutical ChemistryGoethe University FrankfurtMax-von-Laue-Str. 960438FrankfurtGermany
| | - Lilia Weizel
- Institute of Pharmaceutical ChemistryGoethe University FrankfurtMax-von-Laue-Str. 960438FrankfurtGermany
| | - Pascal Heitel
- Institute of Pharmaceutical ChemistryGoethe University FrankfurtMax-von-Laue-Str. 960438FrankfurtGermany
| | - Anna Proschak
- Institute of Pharmaceutical ChemistryGoethe University FrankfurtMax-von-Laue-Str. 960438FrankfurtGermany
| | - Victor Hernandez‐Olmos
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IMEBranch for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology TMPTheodor-Stern-Kai 760596Frankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Ewgenij Proschak
- Institute of Pharmaceutical ChemistryGoethe University FrankfurtMax-von-Laue-Str. 960438FrankfurtGermany
| | - Daniel Merk
- Institute of Pharmaceutical ChemistryGoethe University FrankfurtMax-von-Laue-Str. 960438FrankfurtGermany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Luginina A, Gusach A, Marin E, Mishin A, Brouillette R, Popov P, Shiriaeva A, Besserer-Offroy É, Longpré JM, Lyapina E, Ishchenko A, Patel N, Polovinkin V, Safronova N, Bogorodskiy A, Edelweiss E, Hu H, Weierstall U, Liu W, Batyuk A, Gordeliy V, Han GW, Sarret P, Katritch V, Borshchevskiy V, Cherezov V. Structure-based mechanism of cysteinyl leukotriene receptor inhibition by antiasthmatic drugs. Sci Adv 2019; 5:eaax2518. [PMID: 31633023 PMCID: PMC6785256 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax2518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The G protein-coupled cysteinyl leukotriene receptor CysLT1R mediates inflammatory processes and plays a major role in numerous disorders, including asthma, allergic rhinitis, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Selective CysLT1R antagonists are widely prescribed as antiasthmatic drugs; however, these drugs demonstrate low effectiveness in some patients and exhibit a variety of side effects. To gain deeper understanding into the functional mechanisms of CysLTRs, we determined the crystal structures of CysLT1R bound to two chemically distinct antagonists, zafirlukast and pranlukast. The structures reveal unique ligand-binding modes and signaling mechanisms, including lateral ligand access to the orthosteric pocket between transmembrane helices TM4 and TM5, an atypical pattern of microswitches, and a distinct four-residue-coordinated sodium site. These results provide important insights and structural templates for rational discovery of safer and more effective drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Luginina
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141701, Russia
| | - Anastasiia Gusach
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141701, Russia
| | - Egor Marin
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141701, Russia
| | - Alexey Mishin
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141701, Russia
| | - Rebecca Brouillette
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Petr Popov
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141701, Russia
| | - Anna Shiriaeva
- Departments of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, Bridge Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Élie Besserer-Offroy
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Jean-Michel Longpré
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Elizaveta Lyapina
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141701, Russia
| | - Andrii Ishchenko
- Departments of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, Bridge Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Nilkanth Patel
- Departments of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, Bridge Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Vitaly Polovinkin
- Institute of Complex Systems, ICS-6: Structural Biochemistry, Research Centre Juelich, Juelich, Germany
- Institut de Biologie Structurale J.-P. Ebel, Université Grenoble Alpes-CEA-CNRS, Grenoble 38000, France
- ELI Beamlines, Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 18221 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Nadezhda Safronova
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141701, Russia
| | - Andrey Bogorodskiy
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141701, Russia
| | - Evelina Edelweiss
- Institut de Biologie Structurale J.-P. Ebel, Université Grenoble Alpes-CEA-CNRS, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Hao Hu
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
- Biodesign Center for Applied Structural Discovery, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Uwe Weierstall
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
- Biodesign Center for Applied Structural Discovery, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Wei Liu
- Biodesign Center for Applied Structural Discovery, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Alexander Batyuk
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Valentin Gordeliy
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141701, Russia
- Institute of Complex Systems, ICS-6: Structural Biochemistry, Research Centre Juelich, Juelich, Germany
- Institut de Biologie Structurale J.-P. Ebel, Université Grenoble Alpes-CEA-CNRS, Grenoble 38000, France
- Juelich Center for Structural Biology, Research Center Juelich, Juelich, Germany
- Institute of Crystallography, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Gye Won Han
- Departments of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, Bridge Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Philippe Sarret
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Vsevolod Katritch
- Departments of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, Bridge Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Valentin Borshchevskiy
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141701, Russia
- Institute of Complex Systems, ICS-6: Structural Biochemistry, Research Centre Juelich, Juelich, Germany
- Juelich Center for Structural Biology, Research Center Juelich, Juelich, Germany
| | - Vadim Cherezov
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141701, Russia
- Departments of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, Bridge Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Glavaš-Obrovac L, Jukić M, Mišković K, Marković I, Saftić D, Ban Ž, Matić J, Žinić B. Antiproliferative and proapoptotic activity of molecular copper(II) complex of N-1-tosylcytosine. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2019; 55:216-222. [PMID: 29066001 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2017.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Revised: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In an attempt to enhance the previously observed antiproliferative capacity of 1-(p-toluenesulfonyl)cytosine (N-1-tosylcytosine, ligand 1), its copper(II) complex (Cu(1-TsC-N3)2Cl2, complex 2) was prepared and tested in vitro on various carcinoma and leukemia cells. The comparative in vitro studies using the ligand 1, the complex 2, CuCl2x2H2O salt (salt 3) and the 1:2 mixture of the salt 3 and ligand 1 (mixture 4) were performed on normal (WI38), human carcinoma (HeLa, CaCo2, MiaPaCa2, SW620), lymphoma (Raji) and leukemia (K562) cell lines. Significantly elevated concentration of the intracellular copper after treatment of K562 cells and HeLa cells during 2h with complex 2 (7.83 vs. 5.4 times) was detected by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Cytotoxicity was analyzed by MTT assay. We found that antiproliferative capacity of the tested compounds varies (IC50 after 72h of exposure: 0.6×10-6M to>100×10-6M). Leukemia and lymphoma cells were found the most sensitive to complex 2 which showed more than 100 times higher in vitro activity against K562 cells than ligand 1. Apoptotic morphological changes, an externalization of phosphatydilserine, and changes in the mitochondrial membrane potential of treated cells were found. The caspase-3 activity in HeLa and K562 cells was measured by caspase-3 colorimetric assay kit. Caspase-3 was not activated in the treated K562 cells while salt 3 and the mixture 4 in the HeLa cells significantly increased tested enzyme activity. These findings suggest that copper(II) in the molecular complex 2 by improving entry of the N-1-tosylcytosine 1 into cells increases its antiproliferative capacity. In summary, the present study demonstrated that complex 2 possesses an antileukemic effect on K562 cells, and its anticancer activity was attributed with induction of apoptosis. The exact mechanism of apoptosis induction by complex 2 must be further investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ljubica Glavaš-Obrovac
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Huttlerova 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Marijana Jukić
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Huttlerova 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Katarina Mišković
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Huttlerova 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Ivana Marković
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Clinical Hospital Centre Osijek, Huttlerova 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Dijana Saftić
- Laboratory for Biomolecular Interactions and Spectroscopy, Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Željka Ban
- Laboratory for Biomolecular Interactions and Spectroscopy, Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Josipa Matić
- Laboratory for Biomolecular Interactions and Spectroscopy, Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Biserka Žinić
- Laboratory for Biomolecular Interactions and Spectroscopy, Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Komeyama K, Tsunemitsu R, Michiyuki T, Yoshida H, Osaka I. Ni/Co-Catalyzed Homo-Coupling of Alkyl Tosylates. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24081458. [PMID: 31013850 PMCID: PMC6515247 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24081458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A direct reductive homo-coupling of alkyl tosylates has been developed by employing a combination of nickel and nucleophilic cobalt catalysts. A single-electron-transfer-type oxidative addition is a pivotal process in the well-established nickel-catalyzed coupling of alkyl halides. However, the method cannot be applied to the homo-coupling of ubiquitous alkyl tosylates due to the high-lying σ*(C–O) orbital of the tosylates. This paper describes a Ni/Co-catalyzed protocol for the activation of alkyl tosylates on the construction of alkyl dimers under mild conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kimihiro Komeyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan.
| | - Ryusuke Tsunemitsu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan.
| | - Takuya Michiyuki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan.
| | - Hiroto Yoshida
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan.
| | - Itaru Osaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
He S, Mei L, Wu C, Tao M, Zhai Z, Xu K, Zhong W. In situ hydrogelation of bicalutamide-peptide conjugates at prostate tissue for smart drug release based on pH and enzymatic activity. Nanoscale 2019; 11:5030-5037. [PMID: 30839985 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr10528f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Tissue-specific self-assemblies of supramolecular hydrogels have attracted great interest in material design and biomedical applications, for in situ-formed hydrogels serve as an excellent local depot with tunable release of drug therapeutics. Here we report the design and syntheses of a novel class of histidine-containing hexapeptide derivatives (Nap-1 and ID-1) for in situ hydrogelation at the zinc ion-rich prostate tissue. Thanks to the efficient co-ordination between zinc and histidine, both Nap-1 and ID-1 displayed excellent self-assembly capability with a high sensitivity to zinc ions at ∼0.1 equivalency. To foster a prostate-specific drug delivery system (DDS), ID-1 was chosen for further conjugation with bicalutamide (BLT), a clinically used drug for prostate cancer. The as-synthesized ID-1-BLT retained the self-assembly capability with zinc ions, and conferred supramoelcular hydrogels at the prostate site. Interestingly, ID-1-BLT hydrogels demonstrated tunable drug release profiles in a typical tumor microenvironment, with acidic pH and esterase activity regulating the drug release in a dose dependent manner. Consequently, the hydrogel-based DDS demonstrated enhanced potency and selective cytotoxicity against prostate cancer cell DU145 over normal fibroblast cell NIH3T3, plausibly due to differential cellular uptake of drugs as well as the elevated esterase activities in cancer cells. Finally, the biocompatible hydrogel system demonstrated sustained delivery of drugs at the prostate gland of rats, with a superior in situ drug distribution profile compared to that of aqueous solution of BLT alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suyun He
- Department of Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Horton TM, Allegretti PA, Lee S, Moeller HP, Smith M, Annes JP. Zinc-Chelating Small Molecules Preferentially Accumulate and Function within Pancreatic β Cells. Cell Chem Biol 2019; 26:213-222.e6. [PMID: 30527998 PMCID: PMC6386607 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2018.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is a hyperglycemic condition characterized by pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and depletion. Whereas methods for monitoring β-cell function in vivo exist, methods to deliver therapeutics to β cells are lacking. We leveraged the rare ability of β cells to concentrate zinc to preferentially trap zinc-binding molecules within β cells, resulting in β-cell-targeted compound delivery. We determined that zinc-rich β cells and islets preferentially accumulated TSQ (6-methoxy-8-p-toluenesulfonamido-quinoline) in a zinc-dependent manner compared with exocrine pancreas. Next, we asked whether appending a zinc-chelating moiety onto a β-cell replication-inducing compound was sufficient to confer preferential β-cell accumulation and activity. Indeed, the hybrid compound preferentially accumulated within rodent and human islets in a zinc-dependent manner and increased the selectivity of replication-promoting activity toward β cells. These data resolve the fundamental question of whether intracellular accumulation of zinc-chelating compounds is influenced by zinc content. Furthermore, application of this principle yielded a proof-of-concept method for β-cell-targeted drug delivery and bioactivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M Horton
- Department of Medicine and Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Chemistry, Engineering and Medicine for Human Health (ChEM-H) Research Institute, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Paul A Allegretti
- Department of Medicine and Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Chemistry, Engineering and Medicine for Human Health (ChEM-H) Research Institute, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sooyeon Lee
- Department of Medicine and Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Hannah P Moeller
- Department of Medicine and Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mark Smith
- Chemistry, Engineering and Medicine for Human Health (ChEM-H) Research Institute, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Medicinal Chemistry Knowledge Center, Stanford CHEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Justin P Annes
- Department of Medicine and Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Chemistry, Engineering and Medicine for Human Health (ChEM-H) Research Institute, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Mendes JA, Salustiano EJ, Pires CDS, Oliveira T, Barcellos JCF, Cifuentes JMC, Costa PRR, Rennó MN, Buarque CD. 11a-N-tosyl-5-carbapterocarpans: Synthesis, antineoplastic evaluation and in silico prediction of ADMETox properties. Bioorg Chem 2018; 80:585-590. [PMID: 30036814 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
11a-N-tosyl-5-carbapterocarpans (5a-c and 6a-c), 9-N-tosyl-4,4a,9,9a-tetrahydro-3H-carbazole (7), 11a-N-tosyl-5-carbapterocarpen (8) analogues of LQB-223 (4a), were synthesized through palladium catalyzed azaarylation of substituted dihydronaphtalenes (14a-c) and cyclohexadiene (15), respectively, with N-tosyl-o-iodoaniline (11). In order to understand the role of the N-tosyl moiety for the pharmacological activity, the azacarbapterocarpen (9) was also synthesized by Fischer indol reaction. The structural requirements at the A and D-rings for the antineoplastic activity toward human leukemias and breast cancer cells were evaluated as well. Substitutions on the A-ring of 4a and analogues alter the effect on different breast cancer subtypes. On the other hand, A-ring is not essential for antileukemic activity since compound 7, which does not contain the A-ring, showed efficacy with high selectivity indices for drug-resistant leukemias. On the other hand, substitutions on the D-ring of 4a for fluorine or iodine did not improve the antileukemic activity. In silico studies concerning Lipinskís rule of five, ADMET properties and drug scores of those compounds were performed, indicating good physicochemical properties for all compounds, in special for compound 7.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseane A Mendes
- Departamento de Química, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Marquês de São Vicente, 225, Gávea, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22435-900, Brazil
| | - Eduardo J Salustiano
- Laboratório de Imunologia Tumoral, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Bloco H sala 003, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-590, Brazil; Laboratório de Glicobiologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Bloco C sala C1-042, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-590, Brazil
| | - Carulini de S Pires
- Laboratório de Modelagem Molecular e Pesquisa em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo em Ecologia e Desenvolvimento Sócio-Ambiental de Macaé, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Campus Macaé Professor Aloísio Teixeira, Macaé, RJ 27965-045, Brazil
| | - Thaís Oliveira
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular do Câncer, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Bloco C sala E1-022, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-590, Brazil
| | - Julio C F Barcellos
- Laboratório de Química Bioorgânica, Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Bloco H, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-590, Brazil
| | - Jhonny M C Cifuentes
- Departamento de Química, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Marquês de São Vicente, 225, Gávea, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22435-900, Brazil
| | - Paulo R R Costa
- Laboratório de Química Bioorgânica, Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Bloco H, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-590, Brazil
| | - Magdalena N Rennó
- Laboratório de Modelagem Molecular e Pesquisa em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo em Ecologia e Desenvolvimento Sócio-Ambiental de Macaé, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Campus Macaé Professor Aloísio Teixeira, Macaé, RJ 27965-045, Brazil.
| | - Camilla D Buarque
- Departamento de Química, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Marquês de São Vicente, 225, Gávea, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22435-900, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kuklina I, Ložek F, Císař P, Kouba A, Kozák P. Crayfish can distinguish between natural and chemical stimuli as assessed by cardiac and locomotor reactions. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:8396-8403. [PMID: 29307064 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-1183-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, cardiac and locomotor activities of signal crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus were investigated under exposure to a range of natural (i.e., odors of conspecific crayfish, predatory fish, food, and injured conspecific) and one chemical (i.e., disinfectant chloramine-T) stimuli. Crayfish locomotion was simultaneously initiated with an increase in heart rate only when affected by chloramine-T, while locomotor response was delayed in all cases (or was not manifested at all by some specimens) when disturbed by the natural stressors. The heart rate differences measured before and during the stimulation were arranged as follows: odor of conspecific crayfish (9.2 ± 7.1%) < predator (18.4 ± 13%) < food (33.5 ± 15.7%) < chloramine-T (41.1 ± 14.7%) < injured conspecific (51.8 ± 28.4%). Analysis of the peculiarities of crayfish heartbeat under exposure to the tested stimuli revealed complex cardiac responses as was previously observed by an electrocardiography approach, that is, a slowed heart rate followed by a delayed increase. Evaluation of the intrinsic parameters of crayfish bioindicators remains essential due to the possibility of detection of the substantial ethological responses even in motionless animals. The role and appropriateness of signal crayfish as a bioindicator of water quality is discussed; they seem to be an applicable species for this task due to their sufficient sensitivity and broad availability. In addition to providing a better understanding of stereotypic crayfish behaviors induced by common and chemical stressors, the results of this study may serve as reference data for the evaluation of crayfish suitability for water quality tests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iryna Kuklina
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic.
| | - Filip Ložek
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Císař
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Antonín Kouba
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Kozák
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Gu N, Wei Y, Liu P, Liu Y, Dai B. Multi-Component One-Pot Reaction of Aromatic Carbonyl Compounds, Tosylhydrazide, and Arylboronic Acids. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22122168. [PMID: 29215560 PMCID: PMC6149723 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22122168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we developed a new method using 4-bromoacetophenone as the starting material, with tosylhydrazide and two arylboronic acids using Barluenga and Suzuki couplings in a four-component one-pot reaction to afford the target product 4-benzyl-1,1′-biphenyls. This system that we have developed enables the use of easily accessible starting materials and can be employed on a wide variety of substrates with good functional group tolerance. In particular, this protocol can be applied to the synthesis of 4-(1-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)ethyl)pyridine derivatives, a class of potential analogs of CPY17 inhibitors of prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Gu
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China.
| | - Yu Wei
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China.
| | - Ping Liu
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China.
| | - Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China.
| | - Bin Dai
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Bogner J, Zolghadr K, Hickson I, Romer T, Yurlova L. The fluorescent two-hybrid assay for live-cell profiling of androgen receptor modulators. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 166:45-53. [PMID: 27174722 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) is an important target for drug therapies combating prostate cancer. However, various acquired mutations within the AR sequence often render this receptor resistant to treatment. Ligand-induced interaction between the N- and C-termini of the AR marks the initial step in the AR signaling cascade and can thus serve as an early read-out for analysis of potential antagonists of wt and mutant AR. To measure changes of the N/C interaction in the wt and mutant AR variants upon the addition of inhibitors, we applied our recently developed Fluorescent Two-Hybrid (F2H) assay. The F2H method enables real-time monitoring and quantitative analysis of the interactions between GFP- and RFP-tagged proteins in live mammalian cells, where GFP-tagged proteins are tethered to a specific nuclear location. This anchoring approach provides a local signal enrichment suitable for direct visualization of protein-protein interactions as co-localizations by conventional epifluorescence microscopy. Since the F2H assay is fully reversible, we could monitor dynamics of AR N/C interactions in living cells in real time upon agonistic, as well as antagonistic treatments. In dose-response F2H experiments, we compared the potencies of abiraterone, bicalutamide, enzalutamide, flutamide, and galeterone/TOK-001 to prevent the dihydrotestosterone-induced N/C interaction in wt AR. We further applied the newly developed F2H assay to analyze how the AR N/C interaction is affected by the clinically relevant mutations W741L, F876L, T877A and F876L/T877A. We conclude that F2H is a reliable and technically undemanding approach for straightforward screening of new AR modulators, as well as for monitoring their activity in real time in living cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ian Hickson
- Janssen R&D, LLC, A Division of Johnson & Johnson, Spring House, PA, United States
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Tres F, Coombes SR, Phillips AR, Hughes LP, Wren SAC, Aylott JW, Burley JC. Investigating the Dissolution Performance of Amorphous Solid Dispersions Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Proton NMR. Molecules 2015; 20:16404-18. [PMID: 26378506 PMCID: PMC6331940 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200916404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 08/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
We have investigated the dissolution performance of amorphous solid dispersions of poorly water-soluble bicalutamide in a Kollidon VA64 polymeric matrix as a function of the drug loading (5% vs. 30% bicalutamide). A combined suite of state-of-the-art analytical techniques were employed to obtain a clear picture of the drug release, including an integrated magnetic resonance imaging UV-Vis flow cell system and 1H-NMR. Off-line 1H-NMR was used for the first time to simultaneously measure the dissolution profiles and rates of both the drug and the polymer from a solid dispersion. MRI and 1H-NMR data showed that the 5% drug loading compact erodes linearly, and that bicalutamide and Kollidon VA64 are released at approximately the same rate from the molecular dispersion. For the 30% extrudate, data indicated a slower water ingress into the compact which corresponds to a slower dissolution rate of both bicalutamide and Kollidon VA64.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Tres
- School of Pharmacy, Boots Science Building, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Steven R Coombes
- Pharmaceutical Development, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, UK.
| | | | - Leslie P Hughes
- Pharmaceutical Development, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, UK.
| | - Stephen A C Wren
- Pharmaceutical Development, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, UK.
| | - Jonathan W Aylott
- School of Pharmacy, Boots Science Building, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Jonathan C Burley
- School of Pharmacy, Boots Science Building, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wang S, Yu L, Wu Y, Guo C, Zhang N, Jiang K. Gas-Phase Fragmentation of Protonated N,2-Diphenyl-N'-(p-Toluenesulfonyl)Ethanimidamides: Tosyl Cation Transfer Versus Proton Transfer. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2015; 26:1428-1431. [PMID: 25962367 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-015-1156-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The gas-phase dissociation chemistry of protonated N,2-diphenyl-N'-(p-toluenesulfonyl) ethanimidamides was investigated by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry in combination with density functional theory calculation. The protonated molecules underwent fragmentation via two main competing channels: (1) migration of the tosyl cation to the anilinic N atom and the subsequent loss of 2-phenylacetonitrile to afford protonated N-phenyl p-toluenesulfonamide (m/z 248); and (2) transfer of the ionizing proton to the anilinic N atom to give an ion/neutral complex of [tosyl cation / 2-phenylacetonitrile] (m/z 272) and the subsequent decomposition to yield tosyl cation (m/z 155). To the best of our knowledge, the gas-phase tosyl cation transfer has not been reported previously. For the para-substituted sulfonamides, the presence of electron-donating groups on the anilinic ring inhibits the reaction channel of the tosyl cation migration, whereas the presence of electron-withdrawing groups favors this pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kobetić R, Kazazić S, Kovačević B, Glasovac Z, Krstulović L, Bajić M, Žinić B. Mass spectrometry and theoretical studies on N-C bond cleavages in the N-sulfonylamidino thymine derivatives. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2015; 26:833-842. [PMID: 25762153 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-014-1068-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The reactivity of new biologically active thymine derivatives substituted with 2-(arylsulfonamidino)ethyl group at N1 and N3 position was investigated in the gas phase using CID experiments (ESI-MS/MS) and by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Both derivatives show similar chemistry in the negative mode with a retro-Michael addition (Path A(-)) being the most abundant reaction channel, which correlate well with the fluoride induced retro-Michael addition observed in solution. The difference in the fragmentation of N-3 substituted thymine 5 and N-1 substituted thymine 1 in the positive mode relates to the preferred cleavage of the sulfonyl group (m/z 155, Path B) in N-3 isomer and the formation of the acryl sulfonamidine 3 (m/z 309) via Path A in N-1 isomer. Mechanistic studies of the cleavage reaction conducted by DFT calculations give the trend of the calculated activation energies that agree well with the experimental observations. A mechanism of the retro-Michael reaction was interpreted as a McLafferty type of fragmentation, which includes Hβ proton shift to one of the neighboring oxygen atoms in a 1,5-fashion inducing N1(N3)-Cα bond scission. This mechanism was found to be kinetically favorable over other tested mechanisms. Significant difference in the observed fragmentation pattern of N-1 and N-3 isomers proves the ESI-MS/MS technique as an excellent method for tracking the fate of similar sulfonamidine drugs. Also, the observed N-1 and/or N-3 thymine alkylation with in situ formed reactive acryl sulfonamidine 3 as a Michael acceptor may open interesting possibilities for the preparation of other N-3 substituted pyrimidines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renata Kobetić
- Laboratory of Supramolecular and Nucleoside Chemistry, Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
Introducing nongenetically encoded, synthetic probes into specific proteins is now recognized as a key component in chemical biology. In particular, the ability to chemically modify specific "native" proteins in various contexts from in vitro to cellular systems is of fundamental importance to study biological systems. We developed a protein-labeling technique termed ligand-directed tosyl (LDT) chemistry for this purpose. This method is capable of labeling specific native proteins with diverse synthetic probes with high site specificity and target selectivity without compromising protein function. Here we describe the principle of the LDT chemistry and the protocol for selective chemical labeling of native carbonic anhydrase in vitro, in blood cells (ex vivo), and in living mice (in vivo).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Tsukiji
- Department of Bioengineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, 1603-1 Kamitomioka, Nagaoka, Niigata, 940-2188, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Krishna Kumar M, Sudhahar S, Bhagavannarayana G, Mohan Kumar R. Crystal growth, spectral, structural and optical studies of π-conjugated stilbazolium crystal: 4-bromobenzaldehyde-4'-N'-methylstilbazolium tosylate. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2014; 125:79-89. [PMID: 24531108 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Revised: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Nonlinear optical (NLO) organic compound, 4-bromobenzaldehyde-4'-N'-methylstilbazolium tosylate was synthesized by reflux method. The formation of molecular complex was confirmed from (1)H NMR, FT-IR and FT-Raman spectral analyses. The single crystals were grown by slow evaporation solution growth method and the crystal structure and atomic packing of grown crystal was identified. The morphology and growth axis of grown crystal were determined. The crystal perfection was analyzed using high resolution X-ray diffraction study on (001) plane. Thermal stability, decomposition stages and melting point of the grown crystal were analyzed. The optical absorption coefficient (α) and energy band gap (E(g)) of the crystal were determined using UV-visible absorption studies. Second harmonic generation efficiency of the grown crystal was examined by Kurtz powder method with different particle size using 1064 nm laser. Laser induced damage threshold study was carried out for the grown crystal using Nd:YAG laser.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Krishna Kumar
- Department of Physics, Presidency College, Chennai 600 005, India
| | - S Sudhahar
- Department of Physics, Presidency College, Chennai 600 005, India
| | - G Bhagavannarayana
- Materials Characterization Division, National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi 110 012, India
| | - R Mohan Kumar
- Department of Physics, Presidency College, Chennai 600 005, India.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Karthikeyan C, Haja Hameed AS, Sagaya Agnes Nisha J, Ravi G. Spectroscopic investigation on the efficient organic nonlinear crystals of pure and diethanolamine added DAST. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2013; 115:667-674. [PMID: 23880408 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.06.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
4-N,N'-dimethylamino-N-methyl-4-stilbazolium toyslate (DAST) and diethanolamine (DEA) added DAST crystals are grown by slow cooling method. The corresponding powder samples are examined by characterization studies such as XRD, FT-IR, FT-Raman, UV-Vis-NIR and photoluminescence studies. From the powder X-ray diffraction, their lattice parameter values are found out. Since the vibrational spectra of the molecules are considerably contributed to their linear and nonlinear optical effects, Infrared and Raman spectroscopic studies are carried out for the samples. The UV-Vis-NIR absorption spectra of the samples are used to find the nature of transitions occurred in the samples. Using the density functional theory, highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) analyses are done in order to explain the transition and density of states (DOS). The first order hyperpolarizability is calculated by HF and B3LYP/6-311 G(d,p) basis sets for the DAST molecule. From the photoluminescence (PL) spectral studies, the strong excitation emissions are observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Karthikeyan
- PG and Research Department of Physics, Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli 620 020, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kataoka M, Yano K, Hamatsu Y, Masaoka Y, Sakuma S, Yamashita S. Assessment of absorption potential of poorly water-soluble drugs by using the dissolution/permeation system. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2013; 85:1317-24. [PMID: 23811221 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2013.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Revised: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to assess the absorption potential of oral absorption of poorly water-soluble drugs by using the dissolution/permeation system (D/P system). The D/P system can be used to perform analysis of drug permeation under dissolution process and can predict the fraction of absorbed dose in humans. When celecoxib at 1/100 of a clinical dose was applied to the D/P system, percentage of dose dissolved and permeated significantly decreased with an increase in the applied amount, resulting in the oral absorption being predicted to be 22-55%. Whereas similar dissolution and permeation profiles of montelukast sodium were observed, estimated absorption (69-85%) was slightly affected. Zafirlukast absorption (33-36%) was not significantly affected by the dose, although zafirlukast did not show complete dissolution. The relationship between clinical dose and predicted oral absorption of drugs corresponded well to clinical observations. The limiting step of the oral absorption of celecoxib and montelukast sodium was solubility, while that of zafirlukast was dissolution rate. However, due to high permeability of montelukast, oral absorption was not affected by dose. Therefore, the D/P system is a useful tool to assess the absorption potential of poorly water-soluble drugs for oral use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Kataoka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Osaka, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kundu S, Miceli E, Farquhar E, Pfaff FF, Kuhlmann U, Hildebrandt P, Braun B, Greco C, Ray K. Lewis acid trapping of an elusive copper-tosylnitrene intermediate using scandium triflate. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:14710-3. [PMID: 22928636 PMCID: PMC3743661 DOI: 10.1021/ja306674h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
High-valent copper-nitrene intermediates have long been proposed to play a role in copper-catalyzed aziridination and amination reactions. However, such intermediates have eluded detection for decades, preventing the unambiguous assignments of mechanisms. Moreover, the electronic structure of the proposed copper-nitrene intermediates has also been controversially discussed in the literature. These mechanistic questions and controversy have provided tremendous motivation to probe the accessibility and reactivity of Cu(III)-NR/Cu(II)N(•)R species. In this paper, we report a breakthrough in this field that was achieved by trapping a transient copper-tosylnitrene species, 3-Sc, in the presence of scandium triflate. The sufficient stability of 3-Sc at -90 °C enabled its characterization with optical, resonance Raman, NMR, and X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopies, which helped to establish its electronic structure as Cu(II)N(•)Ts (Ts = tosyl group) and not Cu(III)NTs. 3-Sc can initiate tosylamination of cyclohexane, thereby suggesting Cu(II)N(•)Ts cores as viable reactants in oxidation catalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subrata Kundu
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Enrico Miceli
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Erik Farquhar
- Case Western Reserve University Center for Synchrotron Biosciences and Center for Proteomics and Bioinformatics, National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY-11973, USA
| | - Florian Felix Pfaff
- Case Western Reserve University Center for Synchrotron Biosciences and Center for Proteomics and Bioinformatics, National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY-11973, USA
| | - Uwe Kuhlmann
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Sekr. PC14, Straße des 17 Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Hildebrandt
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Sekr. PC14, Straße des 17 Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Beatrice Braun
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudio Greco
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kallol Ray
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Vadola PA, Carrera I, Sames D. C-H bond functionalization via hydride transfer: formation of α-arylated piperidines and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines via stereoselective intramolecular amination of benzylic C-H bonds. J Org Chem 2012; 77:6689-702. [PMID: 22672002 PMCID: PMC3433405 DOI: 10.1021/jo300635m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
We here report a study of the intramolecular amination of sp(3) C-H bonds via the hydride transfer cyclization of N-tosylimines (HT-amination). In this transformation, 5-aryl aldehydes are subjected to N-toluenesulfonamide in the presence of BF(3)·OEt(2) to effect imine formation and HT-cyclization, leading to 2-arylpiperidines and 3-aryl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines in a one-pot procedure. We examined the reactivity of a range of aldehyde substrates as a function of their conformational flexibility. Substrates of higher conformational rigidity were more reactive, giving higher yields of the desired products. However, a single substituent on the alkyl chain linking the N-tosylimine and the benzylic sp(3) C-H bonds was sufficient for HT-cyclization to occur. In addition, an examination of various arenes revealed that the electronic character of the hydridic C-H bonds dramatically affects the efficiency of the reaction. We also found that this transformation is highly stereoselective; 2-substituted aldehydes yield cis-2,5-disubstituted piperidines, while 3-substituted aldehydes afford trans-2,4-disubstituted piperidines. The stereoselectivity is a consequence of thermodynamic control. The pseudoallylic strain between the arene and tosyl group on the piperidine ring is proposed to rationalize the greater stability of the isomer with the aryl ring in the axial position. This preferential placement of the arene is proposed to affect the observed stereoselectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul A. Vadola
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, New York, 10027
| | - Ignacio Carrera
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, New York, 10027
| | - Dalibor Sames
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, New York, 10027
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Stepanov AG, Bonacina L, Wolf JP. DAST/SiO2 multilayer structure for efficient generation of 6 THz quasi-single-cycle electromagnetic pulses. Opt Lett 2012; 37:2439-2441. [PMID: 22743414 DOI: 10.1364/ol.37.002439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We propose a DAST/SiO(2) multilayer structure for efficient generation of near-single-cycle THz transients with average frequency around 6 THz via collinear optical rectification of 800 nm femtosecond laser pulses. The use of such a composite material allows compensation for the phase mismatch that accompanies THz generation in bulk DAST crystals. The presented calculations indicate a strong increase in the THz generation efficiency in the DAST/SiO(2) structure in comparison to the case of bulk DAST crystal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrei G Stepanov
- GAP-Biophotonics, Université de Genève, Chemin de Pinchat 22, CH—1211 Genève 4, Switzerland.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Shi Q, Wada K, Ohkoshi E, Lin L, Huang R, Morris-Natschke SL, Goto M, Lee KH. Antitumor agents 290. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of new LNCaP and PC-3 cytotoxic curcumin analogs conjugated with anti-androgens. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:4020-31. [PMID: 22672984 PMCID: PMC3376200 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Revised: 05/01/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In our continuing study of curcumin analogs as potential anti-prostate cancer drug candidates, 15 new curcumin analogs were designed, synthesized and evaluated for cytotoxicity against two human prostate cancer cell lines, androgen-dependent LNCaP and androgen-independent PC-3. Twelve analogs (5-12, 15, 16, 19, and 20) are conjugates of curcumin (1) or methyl curcumin (2) with a flutamide- or bicalutamide-like moiety. Two compounds (22 and 23) are C4-mono- and difluoro-substituted analogs of dimethyl curcumin (DMC, 21). Among the newly synthesized conjugates compound 15, a conjugate of 2 with a partial bicalutamide moiety, was more potent than bicalutamide alone and essentially equipotent with 1 and 2 against both prostate tumor cell lines with IC(50) values of 41.8 μM (for LNCaP) and 39.1 μM (for PC-3). A cell morphology study revealed that the cytotoxicity of curcumin analogs or curcumin-anti-androgen conjugates detected from both prostate cancer cell lines might be due to the suppression of pseudopodia formation. A molecular intrinsic fluorescence experiment showed that 1 accumulated mainly in the nuclei, while conjugate 6 was distributed in the cytosol. At the tested conditions, anti-androgens suppressed pseudopodia formation in PC-3 cells, but not in LNCaP cells. The evidence suggests that distinguishable target proteins are involved, resulting in the different outcomes toward pseudopodia suppression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Shi
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelmen School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7568, USA
- AndroScience Corporation, 11175 Flintkote Ave., Suite F, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Koji Wada
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelmen School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7568, USA
| | - Emika Ohkoshi
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelmen School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7568, USA
| | - Li Lin
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelmen School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7568, USA
| | - Rong Huang
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelmen School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7568, USA
| | - Susan L. Morris-Natschke
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelmen School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7568, USA
| | - Masuo Goto
- Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7090, USA
| | - Kuo-Hsiung Lee
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelmen School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7568, USA
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Lee KJ, An JH, Shin JS, Kim DH. Synthesis and characterization of bicalutamide-loaded magnetic nanoparticles as anti-tumor drug carriers. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2012; 12:1611-1615. [PMID: 22630012 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2012.4632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the optical characteristics of bicalutamide-loaded magnetic/ethylene glycol composite nanoparticles (BMP), as well as their anti-cancer activity against cancer cells. The gamma-Fe2O3 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), approximately 20 nm in diameter, were prepared via a chemical co-precipitation method and coated with two surfactants to yield a water-based product. The characteristics of the particles were determined via X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy, and Raman spectrophotometry. The Raman spectra of the BMP showed peaks at 222, 283, 395, 520, 669 and 1316 cm(-1), with broadened band in comparison to the Raman spectra of the magnetic nanoparticles. The BMP absorbance evidenced a rapid increase, with a broad peak at 409 nm, thus reflecting a good loading of the bicalutamide onto the magnetic nanoparticles. The results of the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay showed that the MNPs were non-toxic against human brain cancer cells (SH-SY5Y), human cervical cancer cells (Hela), human liver cancer cells (HepG2), breast cancer cells (MCF-7), colon cancer cells (CaCO2) and human prostate cancers (Du 145, PC3) tested herein. In particular, BMPs were cytotoxic at 56% against DU145 cells, at 74.37% in SH-SY5Y cells, and at 58% in Hela cells. Our results demonstrated the biological applicability of BMP nanoparticles as anticancer agents and as agents for enhanced drug delivery against human prostate cancer cells. Our results indicated that the MNPs were biostable and that the BMP functioned effectively as drug delivery vehicles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kwon-Jai Lee
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering, Daejeon University, Daejeon, 300-716, Korea
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Parimala K, Balachandran V. Vibrational spectroscopic (FTIR and FT Raman) studies, first order hyperpolarizabilities and HOMO, LUMO analysis of p-toluenesulfonyl isocyanate using ab initio HF and DFT methods. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2011; 81:711-723. [PMID: 21795105 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2011.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2011] [Revised: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 07/03/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and FT Raman spectra of p-toluenesulfonyl isocyanate (p-tosyl isocyanate) have been measured. The molecular geometry, vibrational frequencies, infrared intensities, Raman activities and atomic charges have been calculated by using ab initio HF and density functional theory calculation (B3LYP) with 6-311+G(d,p) basis set. Complete vibrational assignment and analysis of the fundamental modes of the compound were carried out using the observed FTIR and FT Raman data. The thermodynamic functions of the title compound were also performed with the aid of HF/6-311+G(d,p) and B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) levels of theory. Simulated FTIR and FT Raman spectra for p-tosyl isocyanate showed good agreement with the observed spectra. The calculated HOMO and LUMO energies show that charge transfer occurs within the molecule. The dipole moment (μ), polarizability (α) and the hyperpolarizability (β) values of the investigated molecule have been computed using HF and B3LYP methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Parimala
- Department of Physics, Mookambigai College of Engineering, Kalamavur, Pudukkotai, 622502, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Matsuo K, Hamachi I. [Development of new methods of protein-selective labeling in living cells]. Seikagaku 2011; 83:920-929. [PMID: 22184885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Matsuo
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto University, Katsura campus, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
Repositioning existing drugs for new therapeutic uses is an efficient approach to drug discovery. We have developed a computational drug repositioning pipeline to perform large-scale molecular docking of small molecule drugs against protein drug targets, in order to map the drug-target interaction space and find novel interactions. Our method emphasizes removing false positive interaction predictions using criteria from known interaction docking, consensus scoring, and specificity. In all, our database contains 252 human protein drug targets that we classify as reliable-for-docking as well as 4621 approved and experimental small molecule drugs from DrugBank. These were cross-docked, then filtered through stringent scoring criteria to select top drug-target interactions. In particular, we used MAPK14 and the kinase inhibitor BIM-8 as examples where our stringent thresholds enriched the predicted drug-target interactions with known interactions up to 20 times compared to standard score thresholds. We validated nilotinib as a potent MAPK14 inhibitor in vitro (IC50 40 nM), suggesting a potential use for this drug in treating inflammatory diseases. The published literature indicated experimental evidence for 31 of the top predicted interactions, highlighting the promising nature of our approach. Novel interactions discovered may lead to the drug being repositioned as a therapeutic treatment for its off-target's associated disease, added insight into the drug's mechanism of action, and added insight into the drug's side effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Y Li
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Tsukiji S, Ishida M, Hamachi I. [Selective chemical labeling and engineering of endogenous cellular proteins]. Seikagaku 2011; 83:746-751. [PMID: 21942098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Tsukiji
- Top Runner Incubation Center for Academia-Industry Fusion, Nagaoka University of Technology, Niigata, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Ding R, He Y, Wang X, Xu J, Chen Y, Feng M, Qi C. Treatment of alcohols with tosyl chloride does not always lead to the formation of tosylates. Molecules 2011; 16:5665-73. [PMID: 21725279 PMCID: PMC6264569 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16075665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Accepted: 06/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of substituted benzyl alcohols with tosyl chloride resulted in the formation of the corresponding chlorides, not the usual tosylates. A series of experiments demonstrated that it was possible to predict whether chlorination or tosylation would occur for substituted benzyl alcohols and pyridine methanols. Treatment of electron withdrawing group-substituted benzyl alcohols with tosyl chloride gave the corresponding chlorides in moderate yields under mild conditions, which provided a simple way to directly prepare chlorides from alcohols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Ding
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Brown MJ, Raymond J, Homa D, Kennedy C, Sinks T. Association between children's blood lead levels, lead service lines, and water disinfection, Washington, DC, 1998-2006. Environ Res 2011; 111:67-74. [PMID: 21112052 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2010.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2009] [Revised: 10/01/2010] [Accepted: 10/07/2010] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evaluate the effect of changes in the water disinfection process, and presence of lead service lines (LSLs), on children's blood lead levels (BLLs) in Washington, DC. METHODS Three cross-sectional analyses examined the relationship of LSL and changes in water disinfectant with BLLs in children <6 years of age. The study population was derived from the DC Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention Program blood lead surveillance system of children who were tested and whose blood lead test results were reported to the DC Health Department. The Washington, DC Water and Sewer Authority (WASA) provided information on LSLs. The final study population consisted of 63,854 children with validated addresses. RESULTS Controlling for age of housing, LSL was an independent risk factor for BLLs ≥ 10 μg/dL, and ≥ 5 μg/dL even during time periods when water levels met the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) action level of 15 parts per billion (ppb). When chloramine alone was used to disinfect water, the risk for BLL in the highest quartile among children in homes with LSL was greater than when either chlorine or chloramine with orthophosphate was used. For children tested after LSLs in their houses were replaced, those with partially replaced LSL were >3 times as likely to have BLLs ≥ 10 μg/dL versus children who never had LSLs. CONCLUSIONS LSLs were a risk factor for elevated BLLs even when WASA met the EPA water action level. Changes in water disinfection can enhance the effect of LSLs and increase lead exposure. Partially replacing LSLs may not decrease the risk of elevated BLLs associated with LSL exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary Jean Brown
- Lead Poisoning Prevention Branch, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30348, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Jiang ZY, Yang HM, Ju YD, Li L, Luo MX, Lai GQ, Jiang JX, Xu LW. Organocatalytic Michael addition of 1,3-dicarbonyl indane compounds to nitrostyrenes. Molecules 2010; 15:2551-63. [PMID: 20428063 PMCID: PMC6257257 DOI: 10.3390/molecules15042551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2009] [Revised: 03/03/2010] [Accepted: 03/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To map out the efficient organocatalyst requirements in the Michael addition of 1,3-dicarbonyl indane compounds to nitrostyrenes, a dozen different amino organocatalysts containing a p-toluenesulfonyl group (Ts) have been evaluated; excellent enantio-selectivities (up to er 92:8) were obtained with a primary amine-based Ts-DPEN catalyst and a plausible catalytic reaction mechanism was proposed on the basis of the experimental results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Guo-Qiao Lai
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +86-571-288-67756; Fax: +86-571-288-65135
| | | | - Li-Wen Xu
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +86-571-288-67756; Fax: +86-571-288-65135
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Yamashita F, Ohtani H, Koyabu N, Ushigome F, Satoh H, Murakami H, Uchiumi T, Nakamura T, Kuwano M, Tsujimoto M, Sawada Y. Inhibitory effects of angiotensin II receptor antagonists and leukotriene receptor antagonists on the transport of human organic anion transporter 4. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 58:1499-505. [PMID: 17132213 DOI: 10.1211/jpp.58.11.0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Human organic anion transporter 4 (OAT4) is the only member of the OAT family that is expressed in the placenta and also expressed in kidney. Although OAT4 has been shown to transport certain organic anions as well as other members of the OAT family, fewer numbers of substrates have been identified for OAT4 compared with OAT1 and OAT3, suggesting that the substrate specificity of OAT4 is greater than other OAT members. However, the substrate specificity of OAT4 remains to be investigated in detail. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of various drugs on the OAT4-mediated transport of estrone-3-sulfate, a typical substrate of OAT4, by using human embryonic kidney cells stably transfected with OAT4 (HEK-OAT4). HEK-OAT4 cells exhibited concentration-dependent uptake of estrone-3-sulfate, with a Km value of 20.9 ± 3.53 μM. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and probenecid potently inhibited estrone-3-sulfate uptake. We also searched for the potential inhibitors of OAT4 and identified candesartan, candesartan cilexetil, losartan, losartan carboxyl (EXP3174) and valsartan as inhibitors of OAT4, with Ki values of 88.9, 135.2, 24.8, 13.8 and 19.6 μM, respectively. The above angiotensin II receptor antagonists and leukotriene receptor antagonists share a common structural feature, that is the tetrazole group. Although pranlukast is devoid of anionic motifs other than the tetrazole group, it potently inhibited the OAT4-mediated uptake of estrone-3-sulfate, indicating that a tetrazole group may be one important structural feature in substrate recognition by OAT4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fumiaki Yamashita
- Department of Medico-Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Bardhan M, Bhattacharya S, Misra T, Mukhopadhyay R, De A, Chowdhury J, Ganguly T. Nonradiative inter- and intramolecular energy transfer from the aromatic donor anisole to a synthesized photoswitchable acceptor system. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2010; 75:647-655. [PMID: 20015683 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2009.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2009] [Revised: 11/12/2009] [Accepted: 11/17/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We report steady state and time resolved fluorescence measurements on acetonitrile (ACN) solutions of the model compounds, energy donor anisole (A) and a photoswitchable acceptor N,N'-1,2-phenylene di-p-tosylamide (B) and the multichromophore (M) where A and B are connected by a spacer containing both rigid triple (acetylenic) and flexible methylene bonds. Both steady state and time correlated single photon counting measurements demonstrate that though intermolecular energy transfer, of Forster type, between the donor and acceptor moieties occurs with rate 10(8)s(-1) but when these two reacting components are linked by a spacer (multichromophore, M) the observed transfer rate ( approximately 10(11)s(-1)) enhances. This seemingly indicates that the imposition of the spacer by inserting a triple bond may facilitate in the propagation of electronic excitation energy through bond. The time resolved fluorescence measurements along with the theoretical predictions using Configuration interaction singles (CIS) method by using 6-31G (d,p) basis set, implemented in the Gaussian package indicate the formations of the two excited conformers of B. The experimental findings made from the steady state and time resolved fluorescence measurements demonstrate that, though two different isomeric species of the acceptor B are formed in the excited singlet states, the prevailing singlet-singlet nonradiative energy transfer route was found from the donor A to the relatively longer-lived isomeric species of B.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Munmun Bardhan
- Department of Spectroscopy, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Kobetić R, Gembarovski D, Visnjevac A, Zinić B, Gabelica-Marković V. ESI-MS studies of palladium (II) complexes with 1-(p-toluenesulfonyl)cytosine/cytosinato ligands. J Mass Spectrom 2010; 45:51-64. [PMID: 19882593 DOI: 10.1002/jms.1688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The mononuclear complex Pd(1-TosC-N3)(2)Cl(2) (2) containing 1-(p-toluenesulfonyl)cytosine (1) as a ligand, as well as dinuclear complexes Pd(2)(1-TosC(-)-N3,N4)(4) (3) and Pd(2)(1-TosC(-)-N3,N4)(2)DMSO(2)Cl(2) (4) containing the ligand anion (1-TosC(-)), was mass analyzed by electrospray ionization ion trap MS/MS and high resolution MS. Complexes 3 and 4 were obtained by recrystallization of 2 from DMF and DMSO, respectively. The behavior of complex 2 in different solutions was monitored by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Under the applied ESI-MS conditions, complex 2 in methanol reorganized itself dominantly as new complex 3 and the solvent did not coordinate the formed species. In H(2)O/DMSO, CH(3)CN/DMSO and CH(3)OH/DMSO solutions, complex 2 formed several new species with solvent molecules involved in their structure, e.g. complex 4 was formed as the major product. The newly formed species were also examined by LC-MS-DAD, confirming the solvent induced reorganization and the solution instability of complex 2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renata Kobetić
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruder Bosković Institute, Bijenicka cesta 54, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Sancheti PP, Vyas VM, Shah M, Karekar P, Pore YV. Development and characterization of bicalutamide-poloxamer F68 solid dispersion systems. Pharmazie 2008; 63:571-575. [PMID: 18771004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present work was to improve the dissolution rate of a poorly water-soluble drug, bicalutamide, by a solid dispersion technique. The solid dispersion systems of bicalutamide were prepared with poloxamer F68 in 1:1, 1:3, and 1:5 ratios using the melting method. The interaction of drug with polymer was evaluated by TLC, FTIR, and powder XRD. The results of powder XRD showed a significant decrease in the crystallinity of drug in the binary systems of bicalutamide. All binary systems of bicalutamide showed faster dissolution than pure drug alone (p < 0.001). However, among all binary systems studied, 1:1 proportion of bicalutamide : poloxamer was found to be excellent for dissolution enhancement (DP30: 99.98% +/- 3.9) of bicalutamide. The higher ratios of poloxamer F68 (1:3 and 1:5) had retarded the release of drug from their corresponding binary systems which might be due to its gelling property in higher concentration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P P Sancheti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Government College of Pharmacy, Karad, Maharashtra, India
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Patil AL, Pore YV, Kuchekar BS, Late SG. Solid-state characterization and dissolution properties of bicalutamide-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion complex. Pharmazie 2008; 63:282-285. [PMID: 18468387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The solid-state properties and dissolution profile of bicalutamide beta-cyclodextrin (betaCD) inclusion complex were investigated. The phase solubility profile of bicalutamide with beta-cyclodextrin was classified as A(L)-type. Stability constant with 1:1 molar ratio was calculated from the phase solubility diagram and the aqueous solubility of bicalutamide was found to be enhanced by 86% for beta-cyclodextrin. Binary systems of bicalutamide with betaCD were prepared by the kneading method. The solid-state properties of the complex were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transformation-infrared spectroscopy and X-ray powder diffractometry. It could be concluded that bicalutamide could form an inclusion complex with beta-cyclodextrin. The dissolution profile of the inclusion complex was determined and compared with those of bicalutamide alone and its physical mixture. The dissolution rate of bicalutamide was significantly increased bycomplexation with betaCD, as compared with pure drug and physical mixture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A L Patil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Government College of Pharmacy, Karad, Maharashtra, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Rong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Zhou T, Zhang H, Duan G. Simultaneous determination of diethylene glycol and propylene glycol in pharmaceutical products by HPLC after precolumn derivatization with p-toluenesulfonyl isocyanate. J Sep Sci 2008; 30:2620-7. [PMID: 17880028 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200700097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A simple and reliable HPLC method was developed for the simultaneous quantitative analysis of diethylene glycol (DEG) and propylene glycol (PG) in pharmaceutical products by precolumn derivatization. The derivatization reagent p-toluenesulfonyl isocyanate (TSIC, 10 microL, 20% in ACN v/v) was added to 100 microL of the sample, and then 10 muL of water was added. The resulting derivatives were separated using a C(18)analytical column and a mobile phase composed of 0.01 M KH(2)PO(4)buffer (adjusted to pH 2.5 with phosphoric acid) and ACN (47:53 v/v) at 1 mL/min and 25 degrees C. For detection, UV light at 227 nm was used. The derivatization conditions including reaction time, temperature, and concentration of TSIC were optimized. The calibration curves were linear from 0.062 to 18.6 microg/mL (r(2)= 0.9999) and from 0.071 to 21.3 microg/mL (r(2) = 0.9999) for DEG and PG, respectively. The RSD values of intra- and interday assays were all below 4% for DEG and PG. The proposed method was then successfully applied to analyze two Armillarisin A injection samples and two spiked syrup samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Poloukhtine
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Zhang L, Meng T, Fan R, Wu J. General and efficient route for the synthesis of 3,4-disubstituted coumarins via Pd-catalyzed site-selective cross-coupling reactions. J Org Chem 2007; 72:7279-86. [PMID: 17705544 DOI: 10.1021/jo071117+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Palladium-catalyzed site-selective cross-coupling reactions of 3-bromo-4-trifloxycoumarin or 3-bromo-4-tosyloxycoumarin provide an efficient and facile route for the synthesis of 3,4-disubstituted coumarins, which include 3,4-diarylcoumarins, 3-amino-4-arylcoumarins, and 3-aryl-4-aminocoumarins. The order of reactivity of the (pseudo)halide substituents in the coumarins was found to be 4-OTf > 3-Br > 4-OTs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Sonar VN, Venkatraj M, Parkin S, Crooks PA. rac-(Z)-2-(2-Thienylmethylene)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-ol. Acta Crystallogr C 2007; 63:o493-5. [PMID: 17675705 DOI: 10.1107/s0108270107033690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2007] [Accepted: 07/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The asymmetric unit of the racemic form of the title compound, C(12)H(15)NOS, contains four crystallographically independent molecules. The olefinic bond connecting the 2-thienyl and 1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-ol moieties has Z geometry. Strong hydrogen bonding occurs in a directed co-operative O-H...O-H...O-H...O-H R(4)(4)(8) pattern that influences the conformation of the molecules. Co-operative C-H...pi interactions between thienyl rings are also present. The average dihedral angle between adjacent thienyl rings is 87.09 (4) degrees.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vijayakumar N Sonar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Dong CG, Hu QS. Pd(OAc)(2)-catalyzed Domino reactions of 1-chloro-2-haloarenes and 2-haloaryl tosylates with hindered Grignard reagents via palladium-associated arynes. Org Lett 2007; 8:5057-60. [PMID: 17048842 PMCID: PMC2517585 DOI: 10.1021/ol061989i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The palladium-associated aryne generation strategy and Pd(OAc)(2)-catalyzed annulative Domino reactions of 1-chloro-2-halobenzenes and 2-haloaryl tosylates with hindered Grignard reagents via palladium-associated arynes are described. The palladium-associated aryne generation strategy described here not only allows the high yield, one-step access to potentially useful substituted fluorenes from readily available 1-chloro-2-halobenzenes and 2-haloaryl tosylates, but may also lead to the development of other tandem reactions based on these readily available ortho leaving group bearing haloarenes. [reaction: see text]
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Guo Dong
- Department of Chemistry, College of Staten Island and the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, Staten Island, NY 10314, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Cai C, Rivera NR, Balsells J, Sidler RR, McWilliams JC, Shultz CS, Sun Y. An efficient catalyst for Pd-catalyzed carbonylation of aryl arenesulfonates. Org Lett 2007; 8:5161-4. [PMID: 17048868 DOI: 10.1021/ol062208g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Aryl carboxylic esters were synthesized by Pd-catalyzed carbonylation of aryl p-fluorobenzenesulfonates or -tosylates. A unique Josiphos ligand was discovered through high-throughput catalyst screening, which was the key for the successful carbonylation of various substrates. This catalyst is effective and works well for both electron-rich and electron-poor aryl arenesulfonates. Isolated yields of up to 90% were obtained for aryl p-fluorobenzenesulfonates and -tosylates. [reaction: see text]
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaoxian Cai
- Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Company, Inc., P. O. Box 2000, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
A novel entry to the synthesis of diazoacetates is disclosed. A variety of diazoacetates were synthesized from the corresponding bromoacetates by treatment with N,N'-ditosylhydrazine in moderate to high yields. Ease of operation with the stable crystalline reagent as well as a short reaction time offer a useful alternative to the conventional methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Toma
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|