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Faiyazuddin M, Sophia A, Ashique S, Gholap AD, Gowri S, Mohanto S, Karthikeyan C, Nag S, Hussain A, Akhtar MS, Bakht MA, Ahmed MG, Rustagi S, Rodriguez-Morales AJ, Salas-Matta LA, Mohanty A, Bonilla-Aldana DK, Sah R. Virulence traits and novel drug delivery strategies for mucormycosis post-COVID-19: a comprehensive review. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1264502. [PMID: 37818370 PMCID: PMC10561264 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1264502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of a fatal black fungus infection after the resurgence of the cadaverous COVID-19 has exhorted scientists worldwide to develop a nutshell by repurposing or designing new formulations to address the crisis. Patients expressing COVID-19 are more susceptible to Mucormycosis (MCR) and thus fall easy prey to decease accounting for this global threat. Their mortality rates range around 32-70% depending on the organs affected and grow even higher despite the treatment. The many contemporary recommendations strongly advise using liposomal amphotericin B and surgery as first-line therapy whenever practicable. MCR is a dangerous infection that requires an antifungal drug administration on appropriate prescription, typically one of the following: Amphotericin B, Posaconazole, or Isavuconazole since the fungi that cause MCR are resistant to other medications like fluconazole, voriconazole, and echinocandins. Amphotericin B and Posaconazole are administered through veins (intravenously), and isavuconazole by mouth (orally). From last several years so many compounds are developed against invasive fungal disease but only few of them are able to induce effective treatment against the micorals. Adjuvant medicines, more particularly, are difficult to assess without prospective randomized controlled investigations, which are challenging to conduct given the lower incidence and higher mortality from Mucormycosis. The present analysis provides insight into pathogenesis, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, underlying fungal virulence, and growth mechanisms. In addition, current therapy for MCR in Post Covid-19 individuals includes conventional and novel nano-based advanced management systems for procuring against deadly fungal infection. The study urges involving nanomedicine to prevent fungal growth at the commencement of infection, delay the progression, and mitigate fatality risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Faiyazuddin
- School of Pharmacy, Al – Karim University, Katihar, Bihar, India
- Nano Drug Delivery®, Raleigh-Durham, NC, United States
| | - A. Sophia
- PG & Research Department of Physics, Cauvery College for Women (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sumel Ashique
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Pandaveswar School of Pharmacy, Pandaveswar, West Bengal, India
| | - Amol D. Gholap
- Department of Pharmaceutics, St. John Institute of Pharmacy and Research, Palghar, Maharashtra, India
| | - S. Gowri
- PG & Research Department of Physics, Cauvery College for Women (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sourav Mohanto
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Yenepoya Pharmacy College & Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - C. Karthikeyan
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sagnik Nag
- Department of Bio-Sciences, School of Biosciences & Technology (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arif Hussain
- School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammad Shabib Akhtar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md. Afroz Bakht
- Chemistry Department, College of Science and Humanity Studies, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Gulzar Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Yenepoya Pharmacy College & Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Sarvesh Rustagi
- School of Applied and Life Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales
- Grupo de Investigación Biomedicina, Faculty of Medicine, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas—Institución Universitaria Visión de las Américas, Pereira, Colombia
- Faculties of Health Sciences and Environmental Sciences, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Luis Andres Salas-Matta
- Faculties of Health Sciences and Environmental Sciences, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru
| | - Aroop Mohanty
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Gorakhpur, India
| | | | - Ranjit Sah
- Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, DY Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, DY Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, India
- Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Wardha, India
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Moorthy NHN, Singh M, Chandraker V, Karthikeyan C. Anti-colorectal Cancer Activity of Quinazoline Derivatives: A Comprehensive Review. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2023. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180820666230310112000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Introduction and Objective:
The identification of a bioactive template (or lead) is one of the important features of modern drug discovery. Natural products, synthetic and biotechnological sources, serve as important templates for the development of novel bioactive molecules. Quinazoline is one of the heterocyclic templates present in many natural and synthetic drugs and exhibits various biological activities, including anticancer, by blocking the pharmacological pathway of different targets.
Methodology:
This study collected data from the literature and patents to examine the anti-colorectal cancer efficacy of quinazoline compounds and their action mechanisms. According to the published literature and patents, the benzene and/or pyrimidine rings of the quinazoline have been substituted with amino groups or substituted amino groups to develop novel analogues endowed with anticancer properties. The anti-colorectal cancer activity of quinazolines was due to the flexible chain containing terminal phenyl and/or heterocyclic rings (thiazole, pyrazole, piperidine, piperazine, etc.).
Results:
These quinazoline derivatives were found to inhibit the growth of colorectal cancer cells by modulating the expression of specific genes and proteins involved in cancer progression, such as receptor tyrosine kinases, epidermal growth factor receptors, dihydrofolate reductase, topoisomerases, histone deacetylase, and apoptotic proteins.
Conclusion:
These findings suggest that the quinazoline nucleus may be exploited to identify new anti-colorectal cancer agents with suitable pharmacokinetic profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- N.S. Hari Narayana Moorthy
- Cancept Therapeutics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak- 484887, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Madan Singh
- Cancept Therapeutics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak- 484887, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Vivek Chandraker
- Cancept Therapeutics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak- 484887, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - C. Karthikeyan
- Cancept Therapeutics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak- 484887, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Pandimurugan AR, Prasath GV, Usha KS, Vivekanandan J, Karthikeyan C, Sankaranarayanan K, Ravi G. Synthesis, properties and antibacterial activity of Ca doped Zn 2SnO 4 nanoparticles by microwave assisted method. Appl Phys A Mater Sci Process 2023; 129:154. [PMID: 36741277 PMCID: PMC9885929 DOI: 10.1007/s00339-023-06410-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A major problem in world health care is the development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria. In light of this, pure and calcium-doped zinc tin oxide (ZTO) nanoparticles, Zn2SnO4 (S1), Zn2Sn0.7Ca0.3O4 (S2), Zn2Sn0.5Ca0.5O4 (S3), and Zn2Sn0.3Ca0.7O4 (S4), were synthesized via simple and cost effective microwave assisted method. The doping effect on antibacterial activity was studied in detail. The XRD spectrum revealed that all the deposited samples exhibited a spinel cubic structure. A decrease in crystallite size, an increase in strain and dislocation density was observed with an increase in Ca concentration. FESEM images exhibited an irregular and non-homogeneous nature with crystalline morphology having a physical dimension of nm size. EDAX confirmed the purity of deposited samples. We used the agar well diffusion technique to study the antibacterial activity of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The doping of the ZTO matrix with Ca ions increased its antibacterial performance by 99% against Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteria, and its effectiveness was enhanced with increasing Ca ion concentration inside the Zn2SnO4 nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. R. Pandimurugan
- Department of Physics, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu 630 004 India
| | - G. Vijaya Prasath
- Department of Physics, Sree Sevugan Annamalai College, Devakottai, Tamil Nadu 630 303 India
| | - K. S. Usha
- Department of Physics, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam, Erode, Tamil Nadu 638401 India
| | - J. Vivekanandan
- Department of Physics, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam, Erode, Tamil Nadu 638401 India
| | - C. Karthikeyan
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620 Republic of Korea
| | - K. Sankaranarayanan
- Department of Physics, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu 630 004 India
| | - G. Ravi
- Department of Physics, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu 630 004 India
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Ramesh S, Karthikeyan C, Hajahameed AS, Afsar N, Sivasamy A, Lee YJ, Kim JH, Kim HS. Nanorod-like Structure of ZnO Nanoparticles and Zn 8O 8 Clusters Using 4-Dimethylamino Benzaldehyde Liquid to Study the Physicochemical and Antimicrobial Properties of Pathogenic Bacteria. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2022; 13:166. [PMID: 36616076 PMCID: PMC9823362 DOI: 10.3390/nano13010166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
To study their physicochemical and antimicrobial properties, zinc oxide nanoparticles were synthesized using a simple chemical route and 4-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde (4DB) as an organic additive. ZnO nanoparticles were characterized with XRD analysis, which confirmed the presence of a hexagonal wurtzite structure with different crystalline sizes. The SEM morphology of the synthesized nanoparticles confirmed the presence of nanorods in both modifications of ZnO nanoparticles. EDS analysis proved the chemical composition of the synthesized samples via different chemical approaches. In addition, the optical absorption results indicated that the use of 4DB increased the band gap energy of the synthesized nanoparticles. The synthesized Zn8O8 and Zn8O8:4DB clusters were subjected to HOMO-LUMO analysis, and their ionization energy (I), electron affinity (A), global hardness (η), chemical potential (σ), global electrophilicity index (ω), dipole moment (μ), polarizability (αtot), first-order hyperpolarizability (βtot), and other thermodynamic properties were determined. Furthermore, the antimicrobial properties of the ZnO nanoparticles were studied against G+ (S. aureus and B. subtilis) and G- (K. pneumoniae and E. coli) bacteria in a nutrient agar according to guidelines of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivalingam Ramesh
- Department of Mechanical, Robotics and Energy Engineering, Dongguk University—Seoul, Pil-dong, Jung-gu, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - C. Karthikeyan
- Departemnt of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Dongguk University—Seoul, Pildong-ro 1 gil, Jung-gu, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - A. S. Hajahameed
- PG and Research Department of Physics, Jamal Mohamed College (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University), Tiruchirappalli 620020, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N. Afsar
- PG & Research Department of Chemistry, L. N. Government College, Ponneri 601204, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arumugam Sivasamy
- Catalysis Science Laboratory, Chemical Engineering Area, Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI-CSIR), Adyar, Chennai 600020, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Young-Jun Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University, Inha-ro 100, Namgu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Hyung Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University, Inha-ro 100, Namgu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Heung Soo Kim
- Department of Mechanical, Robotics and Energy Engineering, Dongguk University—Seoul, Pil-dong, Jung-gu, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
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Jain AK, Gupta A, Karthikeyan C, Trivedi P, Konar AD. Substituent Orchestration in Dimethylquinoxaline Derivatives: A Tool for Fishing Out Appropriate CDK5 Inhibitors as Potential Therapeutics for Alzheimer's. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202200116. [PMID: 35983935 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A set of new heterocyclic analogs (Compounds I-IX), comprising of 6,7 dimethyl Quinoxalines were found to be active against the receptor GSK3β (Compounds IV-V) (Chem. Biodiversity 2021, 18, e2100364). In an effort to modulate effective CDK5 inhibitors herein our hypothesis underpinned to fish out an appropriate derivative from the same quinoxaline series, as these two targets GSK3β and CDK5 shared structural resemblance with each other. Aligned to the goal we have synthesized Compounds I-IX, characterized them using a combination of spectroscopic techniques and evaluated their activities against CDK5. Our analysis reflected that the adjacently located alkoxy/hydroxy functionality derivatives namely Compounds III and VI, to be the most potent (micromolar) amongst others in the series, backed by Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations and molecular modelling studies. Also, the efficacy of the Compounds I-IX, were monitored in few other members of the CMGC family namely DYRK1A, CLK1and CK1δ that have been known to be directly involved in hyperphosphorylation of Tau. But unfortunately in none of the targets, our quinoxaline series were active. In a nut shell further optimisation of these intelligent nucleus, would not only lead to the discovery of novel pharmacophores, but also marked selectivity against a pool of kinases, thereby implementing a distinct roadmap towards the design of potential therapeutics against Alzheimer's.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvind Kumar Jain
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rajiv Gandhi Technological University, Bhopal, 462033, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Arindam Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, IISER Bhopal, Bhopal, 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - C Karthikeyan
- Department of Pharmacy, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak (MP), 484887, India
| | - Piyush Trivedi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rajiv Gandhi Technological University, Bhopal, 462033, Madhya Pradesh, India.,Center of Innovation & Translational Research, Bharati Vidyapeeth, Pune, 411038, Maharashtra, India
| | - Anita Dutt Konar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rajiv Gandhi Technological University, Bhopal, 462033, Madhya Pradesh, India.,Dept. of Chemistry, Rajiv Gandhi Technological University, Bhopal, 462033, Madhya Pradesh, India.,University Grants Commission, New Delhi, 110002, New Delhi, India
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Ayyadurai M, Seetha J, Haque SMFU, Juliana R, Karthikeyan C. Routing Algorithm for Underwater Acoustic Sensor Network. Neural Process Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11063-022-10891-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Govindan P, Sundararaj S, Karthikeyan C, Prince M, Aadhishwaran S, George J. Exergy and SCAPS 1-D Analysis on Modified Thermophotovoltaic Cell with Fresnel Lens Concentrator and Absorber–Emitter Materials. Arab J Sci Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-022-06712-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Enireddy V, Karthikeyan C, Babu DV. OneHotEncoding and LSTM-based deep learning models for protein secondary structure prediction. Soft comput 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00500-022-06783-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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9
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Kumar Jain A, Gupta A, Karthikeyan C, Trivedi P, Dutt Konar A. Unravelling the Selectivity of 6,7-Dimethyl Quinoxaline Analogs for Kinase Inhibition: An Insight towards the Development of Alzheimer's Therapeutics. Chem Biodivers 2021; 18:e2100364. [PMID: 34486216 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Untangling the most selective kinase inhibitors via pharmacological intervention remains one of the challenging affairs to date. In accordance to this drift, herein we describe the design and synthesis of a set of new heterocyclic analogs consisting of 6,7-dimethyl Quinoxaline, appended to a connector, employing Schiff base strategy (Compounds I-IX). The compounds were characterized by various spectroscopic techniques and the kinase inhibition assay were performed on few prime members of the CMGC family namely the GSK3β, DYRK1A and CLK1 receptors, respectively, that have been known to be directly involved in hyperphosphorylation of Tau. Interestingly the biological evaluation results revealed that Compounds IV and V, with bromo/chloro functionalities in the aromatic core were advantaged of being highly selective towards the target GSK3β over others. To strengthen our analysis, we adopted molecular modelling studies, where compounds IV/V were redocked in the same grid 4AFJ, as that of the reference ligand, 5-aryl-4-carboxamide-1,3-oxazole. Surprisingly, our investigation underpinned that for both the compounds IV/V, a primary H-bonding existed between the designed molecules (IV/V) and Val 135 residue in the receptor GSK3β, in line with the reference ligand. We attribute this interaction to instigate potency in the compounds. Indeed the other non-covalent interaction, between the derivative's aromatic nucleus and Arg 141/Thr 138 in the receptor GSK3β, might have been responsible for enhancing the selectivity in the targets. Overall, we feel that the present work depicts a logical demonstration towards fine tuning the efficacy of the inhibitors through systematic adjustment of electron density at appropriate positions in the aromatic ring be it the main quinoxaline or the other aromatic nucleus. Thus this pathway offers a convenient strategy for the development of efficient therapeutics for diversified neurodegenerative diseases like that of Alzheimer's.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvind Kumar Jain
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rajiv Gandhi Technological University, Bhopal, 462033, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Arindam Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, IISER Bhopal, Bhopal, 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - C Karthikeyan
- Department of Pharmacy, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak (MP), 484887, India
| | - Piyush Trivedi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rajiv Gandhi Technological University, Bhopal, 462033, Madhya Pradesh, India
- Center of Innovation and Translational Research, BharatiVidyapeeth, Pune, 411038, Maharashtra, India
| | - Anita Dutt Konar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rajiv Gandhi Technological University, Bhopal, 462033, Madhya Pradesh, India
- Dept. of Applied Chemistry, Rajiv Gandhi Technological University, Bhopal, Bhopal, 462033, Madhya Pradesh, India
- University Grants Commission, New Delhi -, 110002, New Delhi, India
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Muthu Kumara Pandian A, Rajasimman M, Rajamohan N, Varjani S, Karthikeyan C. Anaerobic mixed consortium (AMC) mediated enhanced biosynthesis of silver nano particles (AgNPs) and its application for the removal of phenol. J Hazard Mater 2021; 416:125717. [PMID: 33819646 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this research, silver nano particle (AgNP), was synthesized through a novel anaerobic mixed consortium mediation method and applied for the removal of phenol. The best operating conditions for the fabrication of silver nanoparticles were identified through response surface methodology (RSM) and the maximum yield was found to be 2.65 g/100 ml of anaerobic mixed consortium at optimal conditions of pH-8.6, temperature-90 °C, silver nitrate concentration-3 mg/ml and inoculum volume-3 ml. The synthesized nano particle exhibited a maximum phenol removal of 87.65% was achieved at pH:5.8. The synthesized silver nanoparticles were characterized by superior surface area (19.26 m2/g) and the stability was confirmed by thermo gravimetric analysis (upto 500 °C). The surface morphology was well explained using High Resolution Transmission Emission Microscopy (HR-TEM) and Scanning Electron Microscope with EDS (SEM-EDS) techniques. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the changes in crystalline structure due to the adsorption of phenol. Kinetic experiments fitted well with the intra-particle diffusion model. The nature of adsorption of phenol was confirmed as monolayer by the goodness of fit with Langmuir isotherm (R2 > 0.9969).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Muthu Kumara Pandian
- Department of Biotechnology, Vivekanandha College of Engineering for Women, Namakkal, Tiruchengode 637205, India.
| | - M Rajasimman
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar 608002, Tamilnadu, India
| | - N Rajamohan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sohar University, Sohar 311, Oman
| | - Sunita Varjani
- Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhi Nagar 382010, Gujarat, India
| | - C Karthikeyan
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar 608002, Tamilnadu, India
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Kavitha T, Mathai PP, Karthikeyan C, Ashok M, Kohar R, Avanija J, Neelakandan S. Deep Learning Based Capsule Neural Network Model for Breast Cancer Diagnosis Using Mammogram Images. Interdiscip Sci 2021; 14:113-129. [PMID: 34338956 DOI: 10.1007/s12539-021-00467-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a commonly occurring disease in women all over the world. Mammogram is an efficient technique used for screening and identification of abnormalities over the breast region. Earlier identification of breast cancer enhances the prognosis of patients and is mainly based on the experience of the radiologist in interpretation of mammogram with quality of image. The advent of Deep Learning (DL) and Computer Vision techniques is widely used to perform breast cancer diagnosis. This paper presents a new Optimal Multi-Level Thresholding-based Segmentation with DL enabled Capsule Network (OMLTS-DLCN) breast cancer diagnosis model utilizing digital mammograms. The OMLTS-DLCN model involves an Adaptive Fuzzy based median filtering (AFF) technique as a pre-processing step to eradicate the noise that exists in the mammogram images. Besides, Optimal Kapur's based Multilevel Thresholding with Shell Game Optimization (SGO) algorithm (OKMT-SGO) is applied for breast cancer segmentation. In addition, the proposed model involves a CapsNet based feature extractor and Back-Propagation Neural Network (BPNN) classification model is employed to detect the existence of breast cancer. The diagnostic outcomes of the presented OMLTS-DLCN technique is examined by means of benchmark Mini-MIAS dataset and DDSM dataset. The experimental values obtained highlights the superior performance of the OMLTS-DLCN model with a higher accuracy of 98.50 and 97.55% on the Mini-MIAS dataset and DDSM dataset, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kavitha
- Department of Computer Applications, Kongu Engineering College, Perundurai, Erode, India
| | - Paul P Mathai
- Department of CSE, Federal Institute of Science and Technology (FISAT), Angamaly, Ernakulam, Kerala, India
| | - C Karthikeyan
- Department of CSE, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - M Ashok
- Department of CSE, Rajalakshmi Institute of Technology, Chennai, India
| | - Rachna Kohar
- School of CSE, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - J Avanija
- Department of CSE, Sree Vidyanikethan Engineering College, Tirupati, India
| | - S Neelakandan
- Department of IT, Jeppiaar Institute of Technology, Sriperumbudur, India.
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Muthu Kumara Pandian A, Gopalakrishnan B, Rajasimman M, Rajamohan N, Karthikeyan C. Green synthesis of bio-functionalized nano-particles for the application of copper removal - characterization and modeling studies. Environ Res 2021; 197:111140. [PMID: 33864794 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Green technology for the synthesis of nanoparticles has gained momentum due to its cost-effectiveness and eco-friendly nature. In this research study, silver nanoparticles (AgNps) were synthesized using an eco-friendly biological method involving the use of marine algae, Halimeda gracilis. The surface properties of the synthesized silver nanoparticles were studied using UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy methods. During the synthesis of nano particles, the parameters namely temperature (30 °C to 90 °C), pH (6-10), silver nitrate (AgNO3) concentration (1-3 mg/ml) and quantity of algal extract (1-3 ml) were optimized to improve the production of AgNPs. The application of the synthesized silver nanoparticles for the adsorptive removal of copper from aqueous and industrial wastewater was investigated. Intra-particle diffusion mechanism was identified to be controlling step in metal removal. Regeneration of sorbent was carried out using 2.0 M HCl and the reusability was verified for 6 cycles. A removal efficiency of copper (64.8%) from electroplating wastewater demonstrated the industrial application potential of the synthesized silver nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Muthu Kumara Pandian
- Department of Biotechnology, Vivekanandha College of Engineering for Women, Tiruchengode, Namakkal, 637205, India.
| | - B Gopalakrishnan
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalai Naga, 608002, Tamilnadu, India
| | - M Rajasimman
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalai Naga, 608002, Tamilnadu, India
| | - N Rajamohan
- Chemical Engineering Section, Faculty of Engineering, Sohar University, Oman
| | - C Karthikeyan
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalai Naga, 608002, Tamilnadu, India
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Karthikeyan C, Thamima M, Karuppuchamy S. Dye removal efficiency of perovskite structured CaTiO3 nanospheres prepared by microwave assisted method. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matpr.2019.05.421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Rajesh Kumar T, Suresh GR, Kanaga Subaraja S, Karthikeyan C. Taylor‐AMS features and deep convolutional neural network for converting nonaudible murmur to normal speech. Comput Intell 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/coin.12281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Computer Science and EngineeringKoneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation Guntur India
| | - G. R Suresh
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringSt. Peter's Institute of Higher Education and Research Chennai India
| | - S. Kanaga Subaraja
- Department of Computer Science and EngineeringEaswari Engineering College Chennai India
| | - C. Karthikeyan
- Department of Computer Science and EngineeringKoneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation Guntur India
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Baskar K, Karthikeyan C. Epilepsy Seizure Detection Using Akima Spline Interpolation Based Ensemble Empirical Mode Kalman Filter Decomposition by EEG Signals. j med imaging hlth inform 2019. [DOI: 10.1166/jmihi.2019.2694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy is an incessant neurological disorder. The Epilepsy seizures are generated due to the aggravation in transient signals in Cerebrum. These seizures can be detected by analyzing the Electroencephalogram (EEG) Signals. The Akima Spline Interpolation based Ensemble Empirical Mode
Kalman Filter Decomposition (ASI-EEMKFD) model proposed in the paper focuses on detecting seizures automatically through a stable algorithm written in Python by using PyEEG package. The signal detection process is done in three phases. First, the EEG signals are acquired through data sets.
Then the signal is decomposed using Akima Spline interpolation for finding the intrinsic mode function. Further the signal is decomposed by implementing the steps involved in the Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD). During the decomposition Kalman filter is used in order to remove
the white Gaussian noise. Finally, the decomposed signals are applied to the Long Term Short Term Memory (LTST) deep learning classifier which classifies the ictal, pre-ictal and healthy signal. Our proposed method produces the result higher compared with the existing EEMD Methods with the
accuracy rate of 98.2%, sensitivity of 94.96% and specificity of 93.72%.
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Jain AK, Karthikeyan C, McIntosh KD, Tiwari AK, Trivedi P, DuttKonar A. Unravelling the potency of 4,5-diamino-4H-1,2,4 triazole-3-thiol derivatives for kinase inhibition using a rational approach. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj04205e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
This report describes the design of potent kinase inhibitors by simply fine tuning the surroundings of triazole core with diversified derivatization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvind Kumar Jain
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Rajiv Gandhi Technological University
- Bhopal
- Gandhinagar
- India
| | - C. Karthikeyan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Rajiv Gandhi Technological University
- Bhopal
- Gandhinagar
- India
| | - Kyle Douglas McIntosh
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Toledo
- USA
| | - Amit K. Tiwari
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Toledo
- USA
| | - Piyush Trivedi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Rajiv Gandhi Technological University
- Bhopal
- Gandhinagar
- India
| | - Anita DuttKonar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Rajiv Gandhi Technological University
- Bhopal
- Gandhinagar
- India
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Baskar K, Karthikeyan C. Review on diverse approaches used for epileptic seizure detection using EEG signals. Bangladesh J Med Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.3329/bjms.v17i4.38307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Epileptic seizure detection is a common diagnosis practiced by the expert clinicians through direct visual observation from the electroencephalography (EEG) signal. This detection by the expert clinicians is considered sensitive to bias and time consuming. Further, it suffers from various problems like unsustainability in larger dataset processing and low power detection. Hence, many computerized detection approaches are highly preferred to eliminate the aforementioned problems and to expedite the research in epilepsy seizure detection for aiding the medical professionals. Many such automated epilepsy diagnosis framework has been designed by various researches, which is made to operate in a single or in a combined manner with other domains. This study reviews different approaches, which is been designed to aid the human diagnosis using new avenues that explains the causes of epilepsy and seizures. Further, this study summarizes various methods used previously to analyze the epilepsy and seizures based on its state of art approach. Also, investigations are carried out in terms of performance evaluation to find the best suitable epileptic seizure detection technique in the application of Neuro-informatics.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.17(4) 2018 p.526-531
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Aadhy S, Sinega TH, Karthikeyan C, Akshay S, Kumar Pitchan M, Bhowmik S. Comparative studies of energy saving polymers and fabrication of high performance transparent polymer by solvent bonding. Journal of Polymer Engineering 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/polyeng-2018-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This work investigates the possibility of using polyetherimide (PEI) as an energy saving alternative to glass, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and polycarbonate (PC) by carrying out heat transfer analysis and suggests vaporized solvent bonding as a viable bonding technique for the fabrication of PEI. By heat transfer analysis using building energy simulation, it is observed that less energy is expended for space-conditioning of a building with windows made of PEI when compared to glass, PMMA and PC. The compression moulding technique is used to mould PEI and fabrication is done using a solvent mixture of dimethyl sulfoxide and tetrahydrofuran in 1:1 ratio. The optical properties of the bonded specimen are studied using UV-visible spectrophotometry and it is found that PEI does not allow UV wavelength radiation to pass through while transmitting visible wavelengths. The mechanical strength of the bond is tested using lap shear tensile strength test and the type of failure is observed to be cohesive from the structure. This is indicative of the fact that using this particular solvent to bond PEI results in the maximum possible strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- S.P. Aadhy
- Department of Aerospace Engineering , Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidhyapeetham, Amrita University , Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641112 , India
| | - T. Hema Sinega
- Department of Aerospace Engineering , Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidhyapeetham, Amrita University , Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641112 , India
| | - C. Karthikeyan
- Department of Aerospace Engineering , Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidhyapeetham, Amrita University , Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641112 , India
| | - S. Akshay
- Department of Aerospace Engineering , Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidhyapeetham, Amrita University , Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641112 , India
| | - Mohan Kumar Pitchan
- Department of Aerospace Engineering , Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidhyapeetham, Amrita University , Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641112 , India
| | - Shantanu Bhowmik
- Department of Aerospace Engineering , Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidhyapeetham, Amrita University , Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641112 , India
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Mathai AM, Preetha K, Valsaladevi S, Karthikeyan C. Lingual Schwannoma-A Common Tumour at Uncommon Site in a Paediatric Patient: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. J Clin Diagn Res 2018. [DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2018/37901.12405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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22
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Hari Narayana Moorthy N, Vittal UB, Karthikeyan C, Thangapandian V, Venkadachallam A, Trivedi P. Synthesis, antifungal evaluation and in silico study of novel Schiff bases derived from 4-amino-5(3,5-dimethoxy-phenyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-thiol. ARAB J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2013.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Karthikeyan C, Karuppuchamy S. Transesterification of Madhuca longifolia Derived Oil to Biodiesel Using Mg–Al Hydrotalcite as Heterogeneous Solid Base Catalyst. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1166/mat.2017.1387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Karthikeyan C, Sathishkumar Y, Lee YS, Kim AR, Yoo DJ, Kumar GG. The Influence of Chitosan Substrate and Its Nanometric Form Toward the Green Power Generation in Sediment Microbial Fuel Cell. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2017; 17:558-563. [PMID: 29630144 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2017.12090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A simple, environmental friendly and biologically important sediment interfaced fuel cell was developed for the green energy generation. The soil sediment used for the study is enriched of rich anthropogenic free organic carbon, sufficient manganese and high level potassium contents as evidenced from the geochemical characterizations. The saccharides produced by the catalytic reaction of substrate chitosan were utilized for the growth of microorganisms and electron shuttling processes. Chitosan substrate influenced sediment microbial fuel cells exhibited the nearly two fold power increment over the substrate free fuel cells. The fuel cell efficiencies were further increased by bringing the substrate chitosan at nanometric level, which is nearly three and two fold higher than that of substrate free and chitosan influenced sediment microbial fuel cells, respectively, and the influential parameters involved in the power and longevity issues were addressed with different perspectives.
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Pandian AMK, Karthikeyan C, Rajasimman M. Isotherm and kinetic studies on nano-sorption of Malachite Green onto Allium sativum mediated synthesis of silver nano particles. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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26
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Karthikeyan C, Ranjani M, Kim AR, Yoo DJ, Kumar GG. Synthesis of Iron Nanoparticles Using Azadirachta indica Extract and Its Catalytic Activity Toward Nitrophenol Reduction. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2016; 16:2527-2533. [PMID: 27455665 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2016.10793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A simple, hasty and eco-friendly approach for the synthesis of iron nanoparticles has been developed using the medicinally important Azadirachta indica extract, which act as both reducing and stabilizing agent. The formation and morphological properties of iron nanoparticles as a function of metallic precursor and Azadirachta indica extract concentration have been investigated. The influence of solvent over the size and texture of iron nanoparticles has also been evaluated in detail. The thermal behavior of prepared nanoparticles was identified from thermogravimetric analysis. Furthermore, the catalytic activity of prepared iron nanoparticles toward the reduction of p-nitrophenol was analyzed and the reduction process was occurred within 30 sec. The cost and time efficient biosynthesis process and excellent catalytic activity of the prepared iron nanoparticles construct this protocol attractive.
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Jayakumar R, Rajasimman M, Karthikeyan C. Optimization, equilibrium, kinetic, thermodynamic and desorption studies on the sorption of Cu(II) from an aqueous solution using marine green algae: Halimeda gracilis. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2015; 121:199-210. [PMID: 25866206 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The aptitude of marine green algae Helimeda gracilis for sorption of Cu(II) ions from an aqueous solution was studied in batch experiments. The effect of relevant parameters such as function of pH, sorbent dosage, agitation speed and contact time was evaluated by using Response surface methodology (RSM). A maximum percentage removal of Cu (II) by Halimeda gracilis occurs at pH-4.49, sorbent dosage-1.98g/L, agitation speed-119.43rpm and contact time-60.21min. Further, the sorbent was characterized by using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis. Experimental data were analyzed in terms of pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, intraparticle diffusion, power function and elovich kinetic models. The results showed that the sorption process of Cu(II) ions followed well pseudo-second order kinetics. The sorption data of Cu(II) ions at 308.15K are fitted to Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R), Temkin, Sips and Toth isotherms. Sorption of Cu(II) onto marine green algae Helimeda gracilis followed the Langmuir and Toth isotherm models (R(2)=0.998 and R(2)=0.999) with the maximum sorption capacity of 38.46 and 38.07mg/g. The calculated thermodynamic parameters such as ΔG°, ΔH° and ΔS° showed that the sorption of Cu(II) ions onto Helimeda gracilis biomass was feasible, spontaneous and endothermic. Desorption study shows that the sorbent could be regenerated using 0.2M HCl solution, with up to 89% recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Jayakumar
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, 608002 Tamilnadu, India.
| | - M Rajasimman
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, 608002 Tamilnadu, India
| | - C Karthikeyan
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, 608002 Tamilnadu, India
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Pandian AMK, Karthikeyan C, Rajasimman M, Dinesh MG. Synthesis of silver nanoparticle and its application. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2015; 121:211-217. [PMID: 25866204 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this work, silver nanoparticles have been synthesized by wet chemical technique, green synthesis and microbial methods. Silver nitrate (10(-3)M) was used with aqueous extract to produce silver nanoparticles. From the results it was observed that the yield of nanoparticles was high in green synthesis. The size of the silver nanoparticles was determined from Scanning Electron Microscope analysis (SEM). Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was carried out to determine the presence of biomolecules in them. Its cytotoxic effect was studied in cancerous cell line and normal cell line. MTT assay was done to test its optimal concentration and efficacy which gives valuable information for the use of silver nanoparticles for future cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Muthu Kumara Pandian
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - C Karthikeyan
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Rajasimman
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M G Dinesh
- Department of Ayurvedic and Siddha medicine, Sriramachandra Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Vinothkannan M, Karthikeyan C, Gnana kumar G, Kim AR, Yoo DJ. One-pot green synthesis of reduced graphene oxide (RGO)/Fe3O4 nanocomposites and its catalytic activity toward methylene blue dye degradation. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2015; 136 Pt B:256-264. [PMID: 25311523 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The reduced graphene oxide (RGO)/Fe3O4 nanocomposites were synthesized through a facile one-pot green synthesis by using solanum trilobatum extract as a reducing agent. Spherical shaped Fe3O4 nanoparticles with the diameter of 18 nm were uniformly anchored over the RGO matrix and the existence of fcc structured Fe3O4 nanoparticles over the RGO matrix was ensured from X-ray diffraction patterns. The amide functional groups exist in the solanum trilobatum extract is directly responsible for the reduction of Fe(3+) ions and GO. The thermal stability of GO was increased by the removal of hydrophilic functional groups via solanum trilobatum extract and was further promoted by the ceramic Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The ID/IG ratio of RGO/Fe3O4 was increased over GO, indicating the extended number of structural defects and disorders in the RGO/Fe3O4 composite. The catalytic efficiency of prepared nanostructures toward methylene blue (MB) dye degradation mediated through the electron transfer process of BH4(-) ions was studied in detail. The π-π stacking, hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interaction exerted between the RGO/Fe3O4 composite and methylene blue, increased the adsorption efficiency of dye molecules and the large surface area and extended number of active sites completely degraded the MB dye within 12 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Vinothkannan
- Department of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai-625-021, Tamilnadu, India
| | - C Karthikeyan
- Department of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai-625-021, Tamilnadu, India
| | - G Gnana kumar
- Department of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai-625-021, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - Ae Rhan Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Jin Yoo
- Department of Energy Storage/Conversion Engineering, R&D Education Center for Specialized Graduate School of Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Engineering, and Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Research Center, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea.
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Karthikeyan C, Haja Hameed AS, Sagaya Agnes Nisha J, Ravi G. Spectroscopic investigation on the efficient organic nonlinear crystals of pure and diethanolamine added DAST. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2013; 115:667-674. [PMID: 23880408 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.06.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
4-N,N'-dimethylamino-N-methyl-4-stilbazolium toyslate (DAST) and diethanolamine (DEA) added DAST crystals are grown by slow cooling method. The corresponding powder samples are examined by characterization studies such as XRD, FT-IR, FT-Raman, UV-Vis-NIR and photoluminescence studies. From the powder X-ray diffraction, their lattice parameter values are found out. Since the vibrational spectra of the molecules are considerably contributed to their linear and nonlinear optical effects, Infrared and Raman spectroscopic studies are carried out for the samples. The UV-Vis-NIR absorption spectra of the samples are used to find the nature of transitions occurred in the samples. Using the density functional theory, highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) analyses are done in order to explain the transition and density of states (DOS). The first order hyperpolarizability is calculated by HF and B3LYP/6-311 G(d,p) basis sets for the DAST molecule. From the photoluminescence (PL) spectral studies, the strong excitation emissions are observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Karthikeyan
- PG and Research Department of Physics, Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli 620 020, Tamil Nadu, India
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Moorthy NH, Manivannan E, Karthikeyan C, Trivedi P. 6H-Indolo[2,3-b]Quinoxalines: DNA and Protein Interacting Scaffold for Pharmacological Activities. Mini Rev Med Chem 2013; 13:1415-20. [DOI: 10.2174/13895575113139990005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Revised: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Rajendran A, Karthikeyan C. The Inhibitive Effect of Extract of Flowers of Cassia Auriculata in 2 M HCl on the Corrosion of Aluminium and Mild Steel. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.5923/j.plant.20120201.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Sahu K, Karthikeyan C, Moorthy NSHN, Trivedi P. COMPARATIVE STUDY OF FORCED DEGRADATION BEHAVIOR OF PRASUGREL BY UPLC AND HPLC AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF VALIDATED STABILITY INDICATING ASSAY METHOD. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2011.582209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kapendra Sahu
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya , Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - C. Karthikeyan
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya , Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - N. S. Hari Narayana Moorthy
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya , Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Piyush Trivedi
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya , Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Moorthy NSHN, Saxena V, Karthikeyan C, Trivedi P. Synthesis, in silico metabolic and toxicity prediction of some novel imidazolinones derivatives as potent anticonvulsant agents. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2011; 27:201-7. [PMID: 21635210 DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2011.584191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of 1,2,4-trisubstituted 5-imidazolinone derivatives were synthesized by Erlenmeyer condensation of benzoylglycine (hippuric acid) with different aldehydes in the presence of sodium acetate and acetic anhydride. The derivatives of the compounds were prepared by condensation of some known sulpha drugs with 5-oxazolone derivatives. The anticonvulsant activity of the compounds was determined by the protection of pentylenetetrazole-induced convulsions that was ranged from 10 to 60%. The compounds with p-OCH₃, p-OH and o-Cl substitutions in the phenyl ring on 4(th) position of the imidazolinone ring exhibited good anticonvulsant activity. In silico metabolic and toxicity studies showed that all the compounds in the series are not likely to exhibit toxicity except the compounds IIIa, IIIb, VIa and VIb, that is predicted to show 29% mutagenicity and 53% irritation in comparison to the other compounds. The predicted lethal effect and hERG toxicity of the compounds showed that IIa, IVa, Va and Vb might be toxic at higher concentrations. The results successfully establish the synthesized imidazolinone derivatives as novel compounds with anticonvulsant properties, low predicted cardiotoxicity and lethal effects thus can be promising leads for further development as novel anticonvulsants.
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Affiliation(s)
- N S Hari Narayana Moorthy
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya, Gandhi Nagar, Bhopal, India.
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Kumar K, Basker S, Jeslin L, Karthikeyan C, Matthias A. Anaesthesia for pediatric video assisted thoracoscopic surgery. J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol 2011. [DOI: 10.4103/0970-9185.76609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Kumar K, Basker S, Jeslin L, Karthikeyan C, Matthias A. Anaesthesia for pediatric video assisted thoracoscopic surgery. J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol 2011; 27:12-6. [PMID: 21804698 PMCID: PMC3146131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Kumar
- Assistant Professor, Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Christian Medical College & Hospital, Vellore, India.
| | - Sujatha Basker
- Assistant Professor, Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Christian Medical College & Hospital, Vellore, India.
| | - L. Jeslin
- Assistant Professor, Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Christian Medical College & Hospital, Vellore, India.
| | - C. Karthikeyan
- Assistant Professor, Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Christian Medical College & Hospital, Vellore, India.
| | - Archana Matthias
- Assistant Professor, Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Christian Medical College & Hospital, Vellore, India.
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Mahipal, Prakash Tanwar O, Karthikeyan C, S. Hari Narayana Moorthy N, Trivedi P. 3D QSAR of Aminophenyl Benzamide Derivatives as Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors. Med Chem 2010; 6:277-85. [DOI: 10.2174/157340610793358846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2010] [Accepted: 09/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Piyush Trivedi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya, Airport Bypass Road, Gandhi Nagar, Bhopal, (M.P.) 462036, India
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Moorthy NSHN, Karthikeyan C, Trivedi P. Design, synthesis, cytotoxic evaluation, and QSAR study of some 6H-indolo[2,3-b]quinoxaline derivatives. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2010; 25:394-405. [PMID: 20233012 DOI: 10.3109/14756360903190747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the pathway of anticancer drug development, we designed and synthesized some 6H-indolo[2,3-b]quinoxaline derivatives (which act as DNA intercalators) by structural modification. The structure of the 6H-indolo[2,3-b]quinoxaline derivatives was confirmed by IR, NMR, Mass and elemental analysis. The compounds (IDQ-5, IDQ-10, IDQ-11, IDQ-13, and IDQ-14) exhibited significant in vitro activity against a human leukemia (HL-60) cell line. The QSAR derived for modeling the cytotoxic activity of 6H-indolo[2,3-b]quinoxaline derivatives suggests that candidate structures for increased cytotoxic potency should incorporate cyclic substituents or substituents with primary carbon atoms.
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Sahu K, Patel P, Karthikeyan C, Trivedi P. The ICH guidance in practice: Stress degradation studies on irbesartan and development of a validated stability-indicating UPLC assay. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2010. [DOI: 10.1556/achrom.22.2010.2.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Hari Narayana Moorthy NS, Karthikeyan C, Trivedi P. Synthesis, cytotoxic evaluation and in silico pharmacokinetic prediction of some benzo[a]phenazine-5-sulfonic acid derivatives. Med Chem 2010; 5:549-57. [PMID: 20041834 DOI: 10.2174/157340609790170533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the life threatening diseases and the development of novel anticancer molecules is limited by many reasons. In the present investigation, some novel benzo[a]phenazine-5-sulfonic acid derivatives as DNA intercalator was designed with optimized pharmacokinetic features for cancer treatment. The compounds with desired pharmacokinetic profile were synthesized and structurally characterized. Cytotoxic activity study against HL-60 tumor cell lines shows that 10-dimethyl carboxamido derivative of benzo[a]phenazine-5-sulfonic acid is found to be the most active in the series with cytotoxic activity (IC(50) = 19 microM) comparable to cisplatin (IC(50) = 7 microM). The study concluded that the novel benzo[a]phenazine-5-sulfonic acid derivatives were found to have enhanced DNA binding affinity and exhibited significant activity in vitro against HL-60 cell lines. This work will also guide for further development of effective DNA intercalators for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- N S Hari Narayana Moorthy
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya, Airport Bypass Road, Gandhi Nagar, Bhopal-462036, Madhya Pradesh, India.
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Patel A, Karthikeyan C, Moorthy N, Trivedi P. QSAR Study on Hetaryl Imidazoles: A Novel Dual Inhibitor of VEGF Receptors I and II. Med Chem 2010; 6:24-9. [DOI: 10.2174/157340610791208736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2010] [Accepted: 06/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Bhargava D, Karthikeyan C, Moorthy NSHN, Trivedi P. Quantitative structure activity relationship studies of piperazinyl phenylalanine derivatives as VLA-4/VCAM-1 inhibitors. Med Chem 2009; 5:446-54. [PMID: 19534682 DOI: 10.2174/157340609789117822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2009] [Accepted: 06/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
QSAR study was carried out for a series of piperazinyl phenylalanine derivatives exhibiting VLA-4/VCAM-1 inhibitory activity to find out the structural features responsible for the biological activity. The QSAR study was carried out on V-life Molecular Design Suite software and the derived best QSAR model by partial least square (forward) regression method showed 85.67% variation in biological activity. The statistically significant model with high correlation coefficient (r2=0.85) was selected for further study and the resulted validation parameters of the model, crossed squared correlation coefficient (q2=0.76 and pred_r2=0.42) show the model has good predictive ability. The model showed that the parameters SaaNEindex, SsClcount slogP,and 4PathCount are highly correlated with VLA-4/VCAM-1 inhibitory activity of piperazinyl phenylalanine derivatives. The result of the study suggests that the chlorine atoms in the molecule and fourth order fragmentation patterns in the molecular skeleton favour VLA-4/VCAM-1 inhibition shown by the title compounds whereas lipophilicity and nitrogen bonded to aromatic bond are not conducive for VLA-4/VCAM-1 inhibitory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Bhargava
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya, Airport Bypass Road, Gandhi Nagar, Bhopal-462036, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Patel A, Karthikeyan C, Moorthy NSHN, Trivedi P. QSAR study on N-(aryl)-4-(azolylethyl) thiazole-5-carboxamides: novel potent inhibitors of VEGF receptors I and II. Med Chem 2009; 5:455-61. [PMID: 19673693 DOI: 10.2174/157340609789117813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2009] [Accepted: 07/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
QSAR study on N-(Aryl)-4-(azolylethyl) thiazole-5-carboxamides analogues, which are novel potent inhibitor of VEGF receptor II and I, were performed using topological, electronic and physicochemical descriptors. The results obtained demonstrate in detail, which specify that topological descriptors of the compounds play a significant role in developing QSAR models. The significance of presence and absence of substituents on particular position is successfully explored with the help of indicator variables. The results are critically discussed on the basis of multiple linear regression parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asha Patel
- Department of Pharmacy, SGSITS, Indore-452003, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Kabra V, Agrahari V, Karthikeyan C, Trivedi P. Simultaneous quantitative determination of zidovudine and nevirapine in human plasma using isocratic, reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography. TROP J PHARM RES 2009. [DOI: 10.4314/tjpr.v8i1.14715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Karthikeyan C, Moorthy NHN, Trivedi P. QSAR study of substituted 2-pyridinyl guanidines as selective urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2009; 24:6-13. [DOI: 10.1080/14756360701810355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C. Karthikeyan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rajiv Gandhi Technical University, Airport Bypass Road, Gandhi Nagar, Bhopal 462036, MP, India
| | - N.S. Hari Narayana Moorthy
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rajiv Gandhi Technical University, Airport Bypass Road, Gandhi Nagar, Bhopal 462036, MP, India
| | - Piyush Trivedi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rajiv Gandhi Technical University, Airport Bypass Road, Gandhi Nagar, Bhopal 462036, MP, India
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Kumar PM, Hemalatha R, Mahajan SC, Karthikeyan C, Moorthy NSHN, Trivedi P. Quantitative structure activity analysis of 2-alkoxydihydrocinnamates as PPARalpha/gamma dual agonist. Med Chem 2008; 4:273-7. [PMID: 18473920 DOI: 10.2174/157340608784325188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
To optimize the physiochemical properties of 2-alkoxydihydrocinnamates as PPARalpha/gamma dual agonist, a quantitative structure activity relationship, Hansch approach was made using combination of various thermodynamic, electronic and spatial descriptors. Several regression expressions are obtained using multiple linear regression analysis. The best QSAR model is further validated by leave-one-out cross validation method. Analyses of results from the present QSAR study suggest that for favorable dual PPARalpha/gamma agonist activity electronic property of the substituents in hydrophobic tail phenyl ring plays a key role. The contribution of Hammett constant and dipole moment in the models deduced the importance of electron withdrawing substituents for dual activity. Additionally the study also indicates that bulky substituents in head acid moiety not confer selectivity towards the PPAR activity. Thus the QSAR study brings important structural insight to aid the design of dual PPARalpha/gamma receptor agonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Manoj Kumar
- Molecular Modeling Study group, Mahakal Institute of Pharmaceutical Studies, Ujjain -456664, Madhya Pradesh, India.
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Rajasimman M, Karthikeyan C. Aerobic digestion of starch wastewater in a fluidized bed bioreactor with low density biomass support. J Hazard Mater 2007; 143:82-6. [PMID: 17030411 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.08.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2006] [Revised: 06/23/2006] [Accepted: 08/29/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
A solid-liquid-gas, multiphase, fluidized bed bioreactor with low density particles was used in this study to treat the high organic content starch industry wastewater. The characteristics of starch wastewater were studied. It shows high organic content and acidic nature. The performance of a three phase fluidized bed bioreactor with low density biomass support was studied under various average initial substrate concentrations, by varying COD values (2250, 4475, 6730 and 8910 mg/L) and for various hydraulic retention times (8, 16, 24, 32 and 40 h) based on COD removal efficiency. The optimum bed height for the maximum COD reduction was found to be 80 cm. Experiments were carried out in the bioreactor at an optimized bed height, after the formation of biofilm on the surface of low-density particles (density=870 kg/m(3)). Mixed culture obtained from the sludge, taken from starch industry effluent treatment plant, was used as the source for microorganisms. From the results it was observed that increase in initial substrate concentration leads to decrease in COD reduction and COD reduction increases with increase in hydraulic retention time. The optimum COD removal of 93.8% occurs at an initial substrate concentration of 2250 mg/L and for the hydraulic retention time of 24h.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rajasimman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, 608002 Tamil Nadu, India.
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Jamloki A, Karthikeyan C, Hari Narayana Moorthy NS, Trivedi P. QSAR analysis of some 5-amino-2-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole based inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases and bacterial collagenase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:3847-54. [PMID: 16682189 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2005] [Revised: 03/19/2006] [Accepted: 04/07/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) study has been performed on 5-amino-2-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole based inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and a bacterial collagenase known as Clostridium histolyticum collagenase (ChC) to understand the structural features influencing the affinity of these inhibitors towards the enzyme. The compounds in the selected series were characterized by topological and fragmental descriptors calculated using QuaSAR module of molecular operating environment (MOE). An indicator variable was also assigned to account for the presence of amide function in vicinity of sulfonamide group in the parent structure. Correlations between different inhibitory activities and calculated predictor variables were established through stepwise multiple regression employing the method of least squares. The results of the study indicates that MMP inhibitory activity of 5-amino-2-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazoles can be successfully explained in terms of topology of the molecule. The obtained correlations also suggest that increase in the number of fluorine atoms in the aromatic ring will augment inhibitory activity of these molecules against all the MMPs probably by virtue of hydrogen bond interaction with some complementary groups in the active site of the enzymes. One prime requirement for better inhibition of MMPs (except for MMP-1) and ChC identified from the present study is the presence of amide function in vicinity of sulfonamide group in the parent structure as suggested by the presence of indicator variable in almost all correlations. While MMP-1 and ChC inhibitory activity of the compounds studied is shown to be dependent on Kier's first order carbon valence molecular connectivity index indicating that increase in branching and presence of heteroatoms in the molecule will improve the MMP-1 and ChC inhibitory potency of 5-amino-2-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazoles, correlations derived for other enzymes (MMP-2, MMP-8, MMP-9) are quite similar. In addition to the number of fluorine atoms and presence of indicator variable, MMP-2, MMP-8 and MMP-9 inhibitory activity of 5-amino-2-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazoles is found to be dependent on Kier's alpha modified index of third order in such a way that infer, terminally branched functions will increase the affinity of these molecules to the MMPs.
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Trivedi P, Sanjay Kumar R, Karthikeyan C, Moorthy NSHN. New spectrophotometric methods applied to the simultaneous determination of diclofenac potassium and tizanidine. Indian J Pharm Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.4103/0250-474x.26664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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