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Bavnhøj CG, Knopp MM, Löbmann K. Effect of Drug Loading in Mesoporous Silica on Amorphous Stability and Performance. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:163. [PMID: 38399225 PMCID: PMC10891643 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16020163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The encapsulation of drugs within mesoporous silica (MS) has for several years been a subject of research. Previous studies proposed that drug loadings up to the monomolecular loading capacity (MLC) are the optimal choice for maintaining the drug in an amorphous form, whereas filling the pores above the monolayer and up to the pore filling capacity (PFC) may introduce some physical instabilities. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of drug loading in MS-based amorphous formulations on the stability of the amorphous form of the drug as well as the dissolution. In particular, the following drug loadings were investigated: below MLC, at MLC, between MLC and PFC and at PFC. The drug-loaded MS formulations were analyzed directly after preparation and after 18 months of storage under accelerated conditions (40 °C in both dry and humid conditions). The MLC and PFC for the drug celecoxib (CEL) on the MS ParteckSLC500 (SLC) were determined at 33.5 wt.% and 48.4 wt.%, respectively. This study found that SLC can effectively preserve the amorphous form of the drug for 18 months, provided that the loading is below the PFC (<48.4 wt.%) and no humidity is present. On the other hand, drug loading at the PFC showed recrystallization even when stored under dry conditions. Under humid conditions, however, all samples, regardless of drug loading, showed recrystallization upon storage. In terms of dissolution, all freshly prepared formulations showed supersaturation. For drug loadings below PFC, a degree of supersaturation (DS) around 15 was measured before precipitation was observed. For drug loadings at PFC, the DS was found to be lower and only 6-times compared to the crystalline solubility. Lastly, for those samples that remained amorphous during storage for 18 months, the release profiles were found to be the same as the freshly loaded samples, with similar Cmax, Tmax and dissolution rate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Korbinian Löbmann
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Sharma U, Saroha K. A Review of Hydrotropic Solubilization Techniques for Enhancing the Bioavailability of Poorly Soluble Drugs. Int J Toxicol 2024; 43:63-71. [PMID: 37999970 DOI: 10.1177/10915818231216414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Hydrotropic solubilization is a technique that can be used to improve the solubility of drugs that are poorly soluble. This technique involves adding a large amount of a second solute, known as a hydrotrope, which increases the aqueous solubility of the poorly soluble drug. Hydrotropes such as sodium citrate, sodium benzoate, and urea have been shown to be effective in enhancing the solubility of poorly soluble drugs. This technique has several advantages over other solubility enhancement techniques, including its cost-effectiveness, eco-friendliness, and the fact that it does not require chemical modification of hydrophobic drugs or the use of organic solvents. Hydrotropic agents are now being used to develop various dosage forms, including solid dispersions, mouth-dissolving tablets, and injections, to improve poorly water-soluble drugs' therapeutic effectiveness and bioavailability. This review paper will provide an overview of hydrotropic solubilization techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uddeshya Sharma
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India
| | - Kamal Saroha
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India
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Chakraborty S, Sathe RY, Chormale JH, Dangi A, Bharatam PV, Bansal AK. Effect of Deep Eutectic System (DES) on Oral Bioavailability of Celecoxib: In Silico, In Vitro, and In Vivo Study. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2351. [PMID: 37765319 PMCID: PMC10534828 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15092351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Different deep eutectic systems (DES) of choline chloride (CC)-urea (UA) (1:2), CC-glycerol (GLY) (1:2), CC-malonic acid (MA) (1:1), and CC-ascorbic acid (AA) (2:1) were generated and characterized by polarized light microscope (PLM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscope (FTIR). The equilibrium solubility of celecoxib (CLX) in DES was compared to that in deionized water. The CC-MA (1:1) system provided ~10,000 times improvement in the solubility of CLX (13,114.75 µg/g) and was used for the generation of the CLX-DES system. The latter was characterized by PLM and FTIR to study the microstructure and intermolecular interaction between the CLX and CC-MA (1:1) DES. FTIR demonstrated the retention of the chemical structure of CLX. In vitro drug release studies in FaSSIF initially demonstrated high supersaturation, which decreased by ~2 fold after 2 h. Density functional theory (DFT)-based calculations provided a molecular-level understanding of enhanced solubility. Gibbs free energy calculations established the role of the strongest binding of CLX with CC and MA. A phase solubility study highlighted the role of hydrotropy-induced solubilization of the CLX-DES system. Animal pharmacokinetic studies established 2.76 times improvement in Cmax, 1.52 times reduction in tmax, and 1.81 times improvement in AUC0-∞. The overall results demonstrated the potential of developing a DES-based supersaturating drug-delivery system for pharmaceutical loading of drugs having solubility and dissolution rate-limited oral bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumalya Chakraborty
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector-67, S.A.S. Nagar 160062, Punjab, India; (S.C.); (J.H.C.)
| | - Rohit Y. Sathe
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector-67, S.A.S. Nagar 160062, Punjab, India; (R.Y.S.); (P.V.B.)
| | - Jaydeep H. Chormale
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector-67, S.A.S. Nagar 160062, Punjab, India; (S.C.); (J.H.C.)
| | - Ashish Dangi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector-67, S.A.S. Nagar 160062, Punjab, India;
| | - Prasad V. Bharatam
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector-67, S.A.S. Nagar 160062, Punjab, India; (R.Y.S.); (P.V.B.)
| | - Arvind K. Bansal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector-67, S.A.S. Nagar 160062, Punjab, India; (S.C.); (J.H.C.)
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Saha SK, Joshi A, Singh R, Dubey K. Review of industrially recognized polymers and manufacturing processes for amorphous solid dispersion based formulations. Pharm Dev Technol 2023; 28:678-696. [PMID: 37427544 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2023.2233595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Evolving therapeutic landscape through combinatorial chemistry and high throughput screening have resulted in an increased number of poorly soluble drugs. Drug delivery strategies quickly adapted to convert these drugs into successful therapies. Amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) technology is widely employed as a drug delivery strategy by pharmaceutical industries to overcome the challenges associated with these poorly soluble drugs. The development of ASD formulation requires an understanding of polymers and manufacturing techniques. A review of US FDA-approved ASD-based products revealed that only a limited number of polymers and manufacturing technologies are employed by pharmaceutical industries. This review provides a comprehensive guide for the selection and overview of polymers and manufacturing technologies adopted by pharmaceutical industries for ASD formulation. The various employed polymers with their underlying mechanisms for solution-state and solid-state stability are discussed. ASD manufacturing techniques, primarily implemented by pharmaceutical industries for commercialization, are presented in Quality by Design (QbD) format. An overview of novel excipients and progress in manufacturing technologies are also discussed. This review provides insights to the researchers on the industrially accepted polymers and manufacturing technology for ASD formulation that has translated these challenging drugs into successful therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Kumar Saha
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
- Formulation Research and Development - Orals, Sun Pharmaceuticals Industries Limited, Gurugram, India
| | | | - Romi Singh
- Formulation Research and Development - Orals, Sun Pharmaceuticals Industries Limited, Gurugram, India
| | - Kiran Dubey
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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Rahman M, Radgman K, Tarabokija J, Ahmad S, Bilgili E. Preparation and Characterization of Spray-Dried Hybrid Nanocrystal-Amorphous Solid Dispersions (HyNASDs) for Supersaturation Enhancement of a Slowly Crystallizing Drug. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:2419. [PMID: 37686927 PMCID: PMC10490532 DOI: 10.3390/nano13172419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
We prepared hybrid nanocrystal-amorphous solid dispersions (HyNASDs) to examine their supersaturation capability in the release of a poorly soluble drug, itraconazole (ITZ), a slow crystallizer during dissolution. The HyNASD formulations included a polymer (HPC: hydroxypropyl cellulose, Sol: Soluplus, or VA64: Kollidon-VA64) and a surfactant (SDS: sodium dodecyl sulfate). Additionally, the dissolution performance of the HyNASDs and ASDs was compared. To this end, wet-milled aqueous nanosuspensions containing a 1:5 ITZ:polymer mass ratio with/without SDS as well as solutions of the same ratio without SDS in dichloromethane were spray-dried. XRPD-DSC confirmed that ASDs were formed upon spray drying the solution-based feeds, whereas HyNASDs (~5-30% amorphous) were formed with the nanosuspension-based feeds. SDS aided to stabilize the ITZ nanosuspensions and increase the amorphous content in the spray-dried powders. During dissolution, up to 850% and 790% relative supersaturation values were attained by HyNASDs with and without SDS, respectively. Due to the stronger molecular interaction between ITZ-Sol than ITZ-HPC/VA64 and micellar solubilization by Sol, Sol-based HyNASDs outperformed HPC/VA64-based HyNASDs. While the ASD formulations generated greater supersaturation values (≤1670%) than HyNASDs (≤790%), this extent of supersaturation from a largely nanocrystalline formulation (HyNASD) has not been achieved before. Overall, HyNASDs could boost drug release from nanoparticle-based formulations and may render them competitive to ASDs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ecevit Bilgili
- Otto H. York Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA; (M.R.); (K.R.); (J.T.); (S.A.)
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Denninger A, Becker T, Westedt U, Wagner KG. Advanced In Vivo Prediction by Introducing Biphasic Dissolution Data into PBPK Models. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1978. [PMID: 37514164 PMCID: PMC10386266 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Coupling biorelevant in vitro dissolution with in silico physiological-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) tools represents a promising method to describe and predict the in vivo performance of drug candidates in formulation development including non-passive transport, prodrug activation, and first-pass metabolism. The objective of the present study was to assess the predictability of human pharmacokinetics by using biphasic dissolution results obtained with the previously established BiPHa+ assay and PBPK tools. For six commercial drug products, formulated by different enabling technologies, the respective organic partitioning profiles were processed with two PBPK in silico modeling tools, namely PK-Sim and GastroPlus®, similar to extended-release dissolution profiles. Thus, a mechanistic dissolution/precipitation model of the assessed drug products was not required. The developed elimination/distribution models were used to simulate the pharmacokinetics of the evaluated drug products and compared with available human data. In essence, an in vitro to in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) was successfully developed. Organic partitioning profiles obtained from the BiPHa+ dissolution analysis enabled highly accurate predictions of the pharmacokinetic behavior of the investigated drug products. In addition, PBPK models of (pro-)drugs with pronounced first-pass metabolism enabled adjustment of the solely passive diffusion predicting organic partitioning profiles, and increased prediction accuracy further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Denninger
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 3, 53121 Bonn, Germany
- Corden Pharma GmbH, Otto-Hahn-Strasse, 68723 Plankstadt, Germany
| | - Tim Becker
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 3, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Ulrich Westedt
- AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Knollstrasse, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Karl G Wagner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 3, 53121 Bonn, Germany
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Krupa A, Danède F, Majda D, Węgrzyn A, Strojewski D, Kondera I, Willart JF. High energy ball milling vs. nano spray drying in the development of supersaturated systems loaded with bosentan. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2023:S0939-6411(23)00136-4. [PMID: 37196874 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
In this study, high energy ball milling and nano spray drying were used to prepare amorphous solid dispersions of bosentan in copovidone for the first time. In particular, the impact of this polymer on the bosentan amorphization kinetics was investigated. Copovidone was shown to facilitate the amorphization of bosentan upon ball milling. As a result, bosentan was dispersed in copovidone at the molecular level, forming amorphous solid dispersions, regardless of the ratio of the compounds. The similarity between the values of the adjustment parameter that describes the goodness of fit of the Gordon-Taylor equation to the experimental data (K = 1.16) and that theoretically calculated for an ideal mixture (K = 1.13) supported these findings. The kind of coprocessing method determined the powder microstructure and the release rate. The opportunity to prepare submicrometer-sized spherical particles using nano spray drying was an important advantage of this technology. Both coprocessing methods allowed the formation of long-lasting supersaturated bosentan solutions in the gastric environment with maximum concentrations reached ranging from four (11.20 μg/mL) to more than ten times higher (31.17 μg/mL) than those recorded when the drug was vitrified alone (2.76 μg/mL). Moreover, this supersaturation lasted for a period of time at least twice as long as that of the amorphous bosentan processed without copovidone (15 min vs. 30-60 min). Finally, these binary amorphous solid dispersions were XRD-amorphous for a year of storage under ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Krupa
- Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Cracow, Poland; University of Lille, CNRS, INRAE, Centrale Lille, UMR 8207, UMET - Unité Matériaux et Transformations, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Florence Danède
- University of Lille, CNRS, INRAE, Centrale Lille, UMR 8207, UMET - Unité Matériaux et Transformations, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Dorota Majda
- Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Chemistry, 2 Gronostajowa Street, 30-387 Cracow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Węgrzyn
- Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Chemistry, 2 Gronostajowa Street, 30-387 Cracow, Poland
| | - Dominik Strojewski
- Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Cracow, Poland
| | - Ita Kondera
- Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Cracow, Poland
| | - Jean-François Willart
- University of Lille, CNRS, INRAE, Centrale Lille, UMR 8207, UMET - Unité Matériaux et Transformations, F-59000 Lille, France
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Guner G, Amjad A, Berrios M, Kannan M, Bilgili E. Nanoseeded Desupersaturation and Dissolution Tests for Elucidating Supersaturation Maintenance in Amorphous Solid Dispersions. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020450. [PMID: 36839772 PMCID: PMC9964794 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of residual drug crystals that are formed during the production and storage of amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) has been studied using micron-sized seed crystals in solvent-shift (desupersaturation) and dissolution tests. This study examines the impacts of the seed size loading on the solution-mediated precipitation from griseofulvin ASDs. Nanoparticle crystals (nanoseeds) were used as a more realistic surrogate for residual crystals compared with conventional micron-sized seeds. ASDs of griseofulvin with Soluplus (Sol), Kollidon VA64 (VA64), and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) were prepared by spray-drying. Nanoseeds produced by wet media milling were used in the dissolution and desupersaturation experiments. DLS, SEM, XRPD, and DSC were used for characterization. The results from the solvent-shift tests suggest that the drug nanoseeds led to a faster and higher extent of desupersaturation than the as-received micron-sized crystals and that the higher seed loading facilitated desupersaturation. Sol was the only effective nucleation inhibitor; the overall precipitation inhibition capability was ranked: Sol > HPMC > VA64. In the dissolution tests, only the Sol-based ASDs generated significant supersaturation, which decreased upon an increase in the nanoseed loading. This study has demonstrated the importance of using drug nanocrystals in lieu of conventional coarse crystals in desupersaturation and dissolution tests in ASD development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ecevit Bilgili
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-973-596-2998; Fax: +1-973-596-8436
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Tambe S, Jain D, Meruva SK, Rongala G, Juluri A, Nihalani G, Mamidi HK, Nukala PK, Bolla PK. Recent Advances in Amorphous Solid Dispersions: Preformulation, Formulation Strategies, Technological Advancements and Characterization. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:2203. [PMID: 36297638 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) are among the most popular and widely studied solubility enhancement techniques. Since their inception in the early 1960s, the formulation development of ASDs has undergone tremendous progress. For instance, the method of preparing ASDs evolved from solvent-based approaches to solvent-free methods such as hot melt extrusion and Kinetisol®. The formulation approaches have advanced from employing a single polymeric carrier to multiple carriers with plasticizers to improve the stability and performance of ASDs. Major excipient manufacturers recognized the potential of ASDs and began introducing specialty excipients ideal for formulating ASDs. In addition to traditional techniques such as differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and X-ray crystallography, recent innovations such as nano-tomography, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and X-ray microscopy support a better understanding of the microstructure of ASDs. The purpose of this review is to highlight the recent advancements in the field of ASDs with respect to formulation approaches, methods of preparation, and advanced characterization techniques.
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Kabedev A, Zhuo X, Leng D, Foderà V, Zhao M, Larsson P, Bergström CAS, Löbmann K. Stabilizing Mechanisms of β-Lactoglobulin in Amorphous Solid Dispersions of Indomethacin. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:3922-3933. [PMID: 36135343 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Proteins, and in particular whey proteins, have recently been introduced as a promising excipient class for stabilizing amorphous solid dispersions. However, despite the efficacy of the approach, the molecular mechanisms behind the stabilization of the drug in the amorphous form are not yet understood. To investigate these, we used experimental and computational techniques to study the impact of drug loading on the stability of protein-stabilized amorphous formulations. β-Lactoglobulin, a major component of whey, was chosen as a model protein and indomethacin as a model drug. Samples, prepared by either ball milling or spray drying, formed single-phase amorphous solid dispersions with one glass transition temperature at drug loadings lower than 40-50%; however, a second glass transition temperature appeared at drug loadings higher than 40-50%. Using molecular dynamics simulations, we found that a drug-rich phase occurred at a loading of 40-50% and higher, in agreement with the experimental data. The simulations revealed that the mechanisms of the indomethacin stabilization by β-lactoglobulin were a combination of (a) reduced mobility of the drug molecules in the first drug shell and (b) hydrogen-bond networks. These networks, formed mostly by glutamic and aspartic acids, are situated at the β-lactoglobulin surface, and dependent on the drug loading (>40%), propagated into the second and subsequent drug layers. The simulations indicate that the reduced mobility dominates at low (<40%) drug loadings, whereas hydrogen-bond networks dominate at loadings up to 75%. The computer simulation results agreed with the experimental physical stability data, which showed a significant stabilization effect up to a drug fraction of 70% under dry storage. However, under humid conditions, stabilization was only sufficient for drug loadings up to 50%, confirming the detrimental effect of humidity on the stability of protein-stabilized amorphous formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksei Kabedev
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Xuezhi Zhuo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Donglei Leng
- Zerion Pharma A/S, Blokken 11, 3460 Birkerød, Denmark
| | - Vito Foderà
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Min Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, U.K.,Queen's University Belfast Joint College (CQC), China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Per Larsson
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Korbinian Löbmann
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.,Zerion Pharma A/S, Blokken 11, 3460 Birkerød, Denmark
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Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) is revolutionizing the way medicines are designed, manufactured, and utilized. Perhaps, AM appears to be ideal for the fit-for-purpose manufacturing of medicines in contrast to the several disadvantages associated with the conventional fit-for-all mass production that accounts for less than 50% of pharmacotherapeutic treatment/management of diseases especially among children and elderly patients, as well as patients with special needs. In this review, we discuss the current trends in the application of additive manufacturing to prepare personalized dosage forms on-demand focusing the attention on the relevance of coupling solid dispersion with FDM 3D printing. Combining the two technologies could offer many advantages such as to improve the solubility, dissolution, and oral bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs in tandem with the concept of precision medicine and personalized dosing and to address the dilemma of commercial availability of FDM filaments loaded with Class II and/or Class IV drugs. However, thermal treatment especially for heat-sensitive drugs, regulatory, and ethical obligations in terms of quality control and quality assurance remain points of concern. Hence, a concerted effort is needed between the scientific community, the pharmaceutical industries, the regulatory agencies, the clinicians and clinical pharmacists, and the end-users to address these concerns.
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Abstract
While microgels and nanogels are most commonly used for the delivery of hydrophilic therapeutics, the water-swollen structure, size, deformability, colloidal stability, functionality, and physicochemical tunability of microgels can also offer benefits for addressing many of the barriers of conventional vehicles for the delivery of hydrophobic therapeutics. In this review, we describe approaches for designing microgels with the potential to load and subsequently deliver hydrophobic drugs by creating compartmentalized microgels (e.g., core-shell structures), introducing hydrophobic domains in microgels, leveraging host-guest interactions, and/or applying "smart" environmentally responsive materials with switchable hydrophobicity. In particular, the challenge of promoting hydrophobic drug loading without compromising the inherent advantages of microgels as delivery vehicles and ensuring practically relevant release kinetics from such structures is highlighted, with an eye toward the practical translation of such vehicles to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ridhdhi Dave
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Gurpreet Randhawa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Daeun Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Madeline Simpson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Todd Hoare
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
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Schmied FP, Bernhardt A, Moers C, Meier C, Endres T, Klein S. A Novel Aminomethacrylate-Based Copolymer for Solubility Enhancement-From Radical Polymer Synthesis to Manufacture and Characterization of Amorphous Solid Dispersions. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14071281. [PMID: 35406157 PMCID: PMC9003068 DOI: 10.3390/polym14071281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study covers the synthesis, purification and evaluation of a novel aminomethacrylate-based copolymer in terms of its suitability for improving the solubility and in vitro release of poorly water-soluble drug compounds. The new copolymer was synthesized by solvent polymerization with radical initiation and by use of a chain transfer agent. Based on its composition, it can be considered as a modified type of dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate-butyl methacrylate-methyl methacrylate "EUDRAGIT® E PO" (ModE). ModE was specifically developed to provide a copolymer with processing and application properties that exceed those of commercially available (co-)polymers in solubility enhancement technologies where possible. By varying the concentration of the chain transfer agent in the radical polymerization process, the molecular weight of ModE was varied in a range of 173-305 kDa. To evaluate the solubility-enhancing properties of ModE, a series of drug-loaded extrudates were prepared by hot melt extrusion using the novel-as well as several commercially available-(co-)polymers. These extrudates were then subjected to comparative tests for amorphousness, solubility-enhancing properties, storage stability, and drug release. Celecoxib, efavirenz, and fenofibrate were used as model drugs in all experiments. Of all the (co-)polymers included in the study, ModE with a molecular weight of 173 kDa showed the best performance in terms of desired properties and was shown to be particularly suitable for preparing amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) of the three model drugs, which in a first set of dissolution experiments showed better release behavior under pH conditions of the fasting stomach than higher molecular weight ModE types, as well as a variety of commercially available (co-)polymers. Therefore, the results demonstrate the successful synthesis of a new copolymer, which in future studies will be investigated in more detail for universal application in the field of solubility enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian-Pascal Schmied
- Institute of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 3, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; or
- Evonik Operations GmbH, Research, Development & Innovation, Kirschenallee, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany; (A.B.); (C.M.); (T.E.)
| | - Alexander Bernhardt
- Evonik Operations GmbH, Research, Development & Innovation, Kirschenallee, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany; (A.B.); (C.M.); (T.E.)
| | - Christian Moers
- Evonik Operations GmbH, Research, Development & Innovation, Kirschenallee, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany; (A.B.); (C.M.); (T.E.)
| | - Christian Meier
- Evonik Operations GmbH, Research, Development & Innovation, Rodenbacher Chaussee 4, 63457 Hanau, Germany;
| | - Thomas Endres
- Evonik Operations GmbH, Research, Development & Innovation, Kirschenallee, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany; (A.B.); (C.M.); (T.E.)
| | - Sandra Klein
- Institute of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 3, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; or
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-3834-420-4897
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14
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Yang L, Shuyuan S, Huang G, Yingchong C, Shen B, Yue P. Nanocrystals based mucosal delivery system: Research Advances. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2022; 47:1700-1712. [PMID: 35287534 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2022.2053985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Nanocrystal technology is a new way to increase the solubility and bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. As an intermediate preparation technology, nanocrystals are widely used in drug delivery for oral, venous, percutneous and inhalation administration, which exhibits a broad application prospect. By referring to the domestic anforeign literatures, this paper mainly reviews the preparation methods of nanocrystals for poorly soluble natural products and its application in the mucosal delivery for skin, eye, oral cavity and nasal cavity. This can provide the reference for the research and development of nanocrystal technology in natural product preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, NanChang 330004, China
| | - Shuai Shuyuan
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, NanChang 330004, China
| | - Guiting Huang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, NanChang 330004, China
| | - Chen Yingchong
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, NanChang 330004, China
| | - Baode Shen
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, NanChang 330004, China
| | - Pengfei Yue
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, NanChang 330004, China
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15
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Müller M, Wiedey R, Hoheisel W, Serno P, Breitkreutz J. Impact of co-administered stabilizers on the biopharmaceutical performance of regorafenib amorphous solid dispersions. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021; 169:189-199. [PMID: 34756974 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Poor solubility of drug candidates is a well-known and thoroughly studied challenge in the development of oral dosage forms. One important approach to tackle this challenge is the formulation as an amorphous solid dispersion (ASD). To reach the desired biopharmaceutical improvement a high supersaturation has to be reached quickly and then be conserved long enough for absorption to take place. In the presented study, various formulations of regorafenib have been produced and characterized in biorelevant in-vitro experiments. Povidone-based formulations, which are equivalent to the marketed product Stivarga®, showed a fast drug release but limited stability and robustness after that. In contrast, HPMCAS-based formulations exhibited excellent stability of the supersaturated solution, but unacceptably slow drug release. The attempt to combine the desired attributes of both formulations by producing a ternary ASD failed. Only co-administration of HPMCAS as an external stabilizer to the rapidly releasing Povidone-based ASDs led to the desired dissolution profile and high robustness. This optimized formulation was tested in a pharmacokinetic animal model using Wistar rats. Despite the promising in-vitro results, the new formulation did not perform better in the animal model. No differences in AUC could be detected when compared to the conventional (marketed) formulation. These data represent to first in-vivo study of the new concept of external stabilization of ASDs. Subsequent in-vitro studies revealed that temporary exposure of the ASD to gastric medium had a significant and long-lasting effect on the dissolution performance and externally administered stabilizer could not prevent this sufficiently. By applying the co-administered HPMCAS as an enteric coating onto Stivarga tablets, a new bi-functional approach was realized. This approach achieved the desired tailoring of the dissolution profile and high robustness against gastric medium as well as against seeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Müller
- Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Invite GmbH, Formulation Technologies, Leverkusen, Germany
| | - Raphael Wiedey
- Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | | | - Peter Serno
- Bayer AG, Research Center Wuppertal-Elberfeld, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Jörg Breitkreutz
- Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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16
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Gómez de la Torre J, Bergström C, Zardán Gómez de la Torre T. Increasing the Transport of Celecoxib over a Simulated Intestine Cell Membrane Model Using Mesoporous Magnesium Carbonate. Molecules 2021; 26:6353. [PMID: 34770762 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current work, mesoporous magnesium carbonate (MMC) was used to suppress crystallization of the poorly soluble drug celecoxib (CXB). This resulted in both a higher dissolution rate and supersaturation of the substance in vitro as well as an increased transfer of CXB over a Caco-2 cell membrane mimicking the membrane in the small intestine. The CXB flux over the cell membrane showed a linear behavior over the explored time period. These results indicate that MMC may be helpful in increasing the bioavailability and obtaining a continuous release of CXB, and similar substances, in vivo. Neusilin US2 was used as a reference material and showed a more rapid initial release with subsequent crystallization of the incorporated CXB in the release media. The presented results form the foundation of future development of MMC as a potential carrier for poorly soluble drugs.
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Chaudhary N, Tripathi D, Rai AK. A Technical Approach of Solubility Enhancement of Poorly Soluble Drugs: Liquisolid Technique. Curr Drug Deliv 2021; 17:638-650. [PMID: 32416691 DOI: 10.2174/1567201817666200516155733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Solubility is one of the significant pre-formulation properties which regulate the desired concentration of drug in the systemic circulation. Most of the newly discovered chemical entities show poor solubility which consequently leads to poor bioavailability. To enhance the bioavailability of such type of drugs is a big challenge for pharmaceutical scientists. Liquisolid technology is a new and advanced technology used to transform the liquid medication into dry, free-flowing and easily compressible dosage form incorporation with the carrier and coating material. OBJECTIVES This review represents the technical perspective of Liquisolid technologies that overcome the demerits of classic formulation strategies and amend the bioavailability of the poorly soluble drug. This technique is also approaches the stability, hygroscopicity and agglomeration issue which are mainly occurring in other techniques for solubility enhancement. CONCLUSION Several technologies have been utilized to minimize the solubility problem but due to the complicated and expensive machinery fails to achieve the desired bioavailability of the poorly soluble drugs. Therefore, Liquisolid technology has been introduced as an innovative and promising technique that recovers the demerits of classic formulation strategies and also improves the bioavailability of the poorly soluble drug. This article exhibits the technical approach of the liquisolid system by improving the solubility as well as bioavailability of water-insoluble drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandini Chaudhary
- Department of Pharmacy, Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India
| | - Devika Tripathi
- Department of Pharmacy, Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India
| | - Awani K Rai
- Department of Pharmacy, Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India
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18
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Zhang J, Wang Y, Wang J, Yi T. A Novel Solid Nanocrystals Self-Stabilized Pickering Emulsion Prepared by Spray-Drying with Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin as Carriers. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26061809. [PMID: 33806952 PMCID: PMC8004820 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A drug nanocrystals self-stabilized Pickering emulsion (NSSPE) with a unique composition and microstructure has been proven to significantly increase the bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. This study aimed to develop a new solid NSSPE of puerarin preserving the original microstructure of NSSPE by spray-drying. A series of water-soluble solid carriers were compared and then Box-Behnken design was used to optimize the parameters of spray-drying. The drug release and stability of the optimized solid NSSPE in vitro were also investigated. The results showed that hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD), rather than solid carriers commonly used in solidification of traditional Pickering emulsions, was suitable for the solid NSSPE to retain the original appearance and size of emulsion droplets after reconstitution. The amount of HP-β-CD had more influences on the solid NSSPE than the feed rate and the inlet air temperature. Fluorescence microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy showed that the reconstituted emulsion of the solid NSSPE prepared with HP-β-CD had the same core-shell structure with a core of oil and a shell of puerarin nanocrystals as the liquid NSSPE. The particle size of puerarin nanocrystal sand interfacial adsorption rate also did not change significantly. The cumulative amount of released puerarin from the solid NSSPE had no significant difference compared with the liquid NSSPE, which were both significantly higher than that of puerarin crude material. The solid NSSPE was stable for 3 months under the accelerated condition of 75% relative humidity and 40 °C. Thus, it is possible todevelop the solid NSSPE preserving the unique microstructure and the superior properties in vitro of the liquid NSSPE for poorly soluble drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jifen Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China;
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (T.Y.); Tel.: +816-23-68251225 (J.Z.); +853-85-99-3471 (T.Y.)
| | - Yanhua Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China;
| | - Jirui Wang
- Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing 400065, China;
| | - Tao Yi
- Macao Polytechnic Institute, School of Health Sciences and Sports, Macao 00853, China
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (T.Y.); Tel.: +816-23-68251225 (J.Z.); +853-85-99-3471 (T.Y.)
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19
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Schittny A, Waldner S, Duthaler U, Vorobyev A, Abramovich R, Krähenbühl S, Puchkov M, Huwyler J. Particle Forming Amorphous Solid Dispersions: A Mechanistic Randomized Pharmacokinetic Study in Humans. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:401. [PMID: 33803049 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13030401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) are a promising drug-delivery strategy to overcome poor solubility through formulation. Currently, the understanding of drug absorption mechanisms from ASDs in humans is incomplete. Aiming to gain insights in this matter, we conducted a randomized cross-over design open-label clinical study (NCT03886766) with 16 healthy male volunteers in an ambulatory setting, using micro-dosed efavirenz as a model drug. In three phases, subjects were administered (1) solid ASD of efavirenz 50 mg or (2) dissolved ASD of efavirenz 50 mg or (3) a molecular solution of efavirenz 3 mg (non-ASD) as a control in block-randomized order. Endpoints were the pharmacokinetic profiles (efavirenz plasma concentration vs. time curves) and derived pharmacokinetic parameters thereof (AUC0–t, Cmax, tmax, and ka). Results showed that the dissolved ASD (intervention 2) exhibited properties of a supersaturated solution (compared to aqueous solubility) with rapid and complete absorption of the drug from the drug-rich particles. All interventions showed similar AUC0–t and were well tolerated by subjects. The findings highlight the potential of particle forming ASDs as an advanced drug-delivery system for poorly soluble drugs and provide essential insights into underlying mechanisms of ASD functioning in humans, partially validating current conceptual models.
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20
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Sugita K, Takata N, Yonemochi E. Dose-Dependent Solubility-Permeability Interplay for Poorly Soluble Drugs under Non-Sink Conditions. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:323. [PMID: 33801447 PMCID: PMC7998705 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13030323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the solubility-permeability interplay using a solubilizer additive under non-sink conditions. Sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) was used as a solubilizer additive. The solubility and permeability of two poorly soluble drugs at various doses, with or without SLS, were evaluated by flux measurements. The total permeated amount of griseofulvin, which has high permeability, increased by the addition of SLS. On the other hand, triamcinolone, which has low permeability, showed an almost constant rate of permeation regardless of the SLS addition. The total permeated amount of griseofulvin increased by about 20-30% when the dose amount exceeded its solubility, whereas its concentration in the donor chamber remained almost constant. However, the total permeated amount of triamcinolone was almost constant regardless of dose amount. These results suggest that the permeability of the unstirred water layer (UWL) may be affected by SLS and solid drugs for high-permeable drugs. The effect of solid drugs could be explained by a reduction in the apparent UWL thickness. For the appropriate evaluation of absorption, it would be essential to consider these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Sugita
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Hoshi University, 2-4-41, Ebara, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan;
- Quality Development Department, Chugai Pharma Manufacturing Co., Ltd., 5-5-1, Ukima, Kita, Tokyo 115-8543, Japan;
| | - Noriyuki Takata
- Quality Development Department, Chugai Pharma Manufacturing Co., Ltd., 5-5-1, Ukima, Kita, Tokyo 115-8543, Japan;
| | - Etsuo Yonemochi
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Hoshi University, 2-4-41, Ebara, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan;
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21
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Denninger A, Westedt U, Wagner KG. Shared IVIVR for Five Commercial Enabling Formulations Using the BiPHa+ Biphasic Dissolution Assay. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13020285. [PMID: 33671597 PMCID: PMC7927064 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13020285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study intended to confirm the in vivo relevance of the BiPHa+ biphasic dissolution assay using a single set of assay parameters. Herein, we evaluated five commercial drug products formulated by various enabling formulation principles under fasted conditions using the BiPHa+ assay. The in vitro partitioning profiles in the organic phase were compared with human pharmacokinetic data obtained from literature. In the first part, a meaningful in vitro dose of the formulations was assessed by determining the maximum drug concentration in the artificial absorption sink during dissolution (organic 1-decanol layer, Cdec,max). Then, the maximum concentration of the partitioned drug in the organic layer was correlated with the in vivo fraction absorbed, which was derived from published human pharmacokinetic data. Fraction absorbed represents the percentage, which is absorbed from the intestine without considering first pass. It was found that the maximum drug concentration in the organic phase obtained from an in vitro dose of ten milligrams, which is equivalent to 15–25 µmol of the respective drug, led to the highest congruency with the fraction absorbed in vivo. In the second part, the in vivo relevance of the BiPHa+ dissolution data was verified by establishing a shared in vitro/in vivo relationship including all formulations. Based on the in vitro kinetics of the BiPHa+ experiments human in vivo plasma profiles were predicted using convolutional modelling approach. Subsequently, the calculated pharmacokinetic profiles were compared with in vivo performance of the studied drug products to assess the predictive power of the BiPHa+ assay. The BiPHa+ assay demonstrated biorelevance for the investigated in vitro partitioning profiles using a single set of assay parameters, which was verified based on human pharmacokinetic data of the five drug products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Denninger
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 3, 53121 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Ulrich Westedt
- AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Knollstrasse, D-67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany;
| | - Karl G. Wagner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 3, 53121 Bonn, Germany;
- Correspondence:
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22
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Christoforidou T, Giasafaki D, Andriotis EG, Bouropoulos N, Theodoroula NF, Vizirianakis IS, Steriotis T, Charalambopoulou G, Fatouros DG. Oral Drug Delivery Systems Based on Ordered Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Modulating the Release of Aprepitant. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1896. [PMID: 33672949 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Two different types of ordered mesoporous nanoparticles, namely MCM-41 and MCM-48, with similar pore sizes but different pore connectivity, were loaded with aprepitant via a passive diffusion method. The percentage of the loaded active agent, along with the encapsulation efficiency, was evaluated using High-performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis complemented by Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). The determination of the pore properties of the mesoporous particles before and after the drug loading revealed the presence of confined aprepitant in the pore structure of the particles, while Powder X-ray Diffractometry(pXRD), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), and FTIR experiments indicated that the drug is in an amorphous state. The release profiles of the drug from the two different mesoporous materials were studied in various release media and revealed an aprepitant release up to 45% when sink conditions are applied. The cytocompatibility of the silica nanoparticles was assessed in Caco-2 cell monolayers, in the presence and absence of the active agent, suggesting that they can be used as carriers of aprepitant without presenting any toxicity in vitro.
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Damian F, Harati M, Schwartzenhauer J, Van Cauwenberghe O, Wettig SD. Challenges of Dissolution Methods Development for Soft Gelatin Capsules. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:214. [PMID: 33557167 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13020214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, the development of soft gelatin capsules (SGCs) dosage forms has attracted a great deal of interest in the oral delivery of poorly water-soluble drugs. This is attributed to the increased number of poorly soluble drugs in the pipeline, and hence the challenges of finding innovative ways of developing bioavailable and stable dosage forms. Encapsulation of these drugs into SGCs is one of the approaches that is utilized to deliver the active ingredients to the systemic circulation to overcome certain formulation hurdles. Once formulated, encapsulated drugs in the form of SGCs require suitable in vitro dissolution test methods to ensure drug product quality and performance. This review focuses on challenges facing dissolution test method development for SGCs. A brief discussion of the physicochemical and formulation factors that affect the dissolution properties of SGCs will be highlighted. Likewise, the influence of cross-linking of gelatin on the dissolution properties of SGCs will also be discussed.
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24
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Uspenskaya EV, Pleteneva TV, Kazimova IV, Syroeshkin AV. Evaluation of Poorly Soluble Drugs' Dissolution Rate by Laser Scattering in Different Water Isotopologues. Molecules 2021; 26:601. [PMID: 33498881 PMCID: PMC7866158 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The most important task in the design of dosage forms is to modify the pharmaceutical substances structure in order to increase solubilization, targeted delivery, controlled rate of drug administration, and its bioavailability. Screening-laboratory (in vitro) or computer (in silico)-as a procedure for selecting a prototype for the design of a drug molecule, involves several years of research and significant costs. Among a large number of solvents and diluents (alcohol, ether, oils, glycerol, Vaseline) used in the pharmaceutical industry for the manufacture of drugs water finds the greatest application. This is because all biological reactions (reactions in living systems) take place in water and distribution of the fluid in the body and the substances found within is critical for the maintenance of intracellular and extracellular functions. Modern studies in the field of the stable isotopic compositions of natural water and its structure and properties make it possible to use isotopic transformations of the water to improve the pharmacokinetic properties of medicinal substances without previous structural modification. It is known that by replacing any of the atoms in the reacting substance molecule with its isotope, it is possible to record changes in the reactivity, which are expressed as a change in the reaction rate constant, i.e., in the manifestation of the kinetic isotope effect (KIE). The article presents the results of studies on the effect of the kinetic isotope effect of a solvent-water-on increasing the solubility and dissolution rate constants of poorly soluble drugs using laser diffraction spectroscopy. The results of the studies can be successfully implemented in pharmaceutical practice to overcome the poor solubility of medicinal substances of classes II and IV, according to the biopharmaceutical classification system (BCS), in water for pharmaceutical purposes by performing its preliminary and safe isotopic modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V. Uspenskaya
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, Medical Institute, RUDN University, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, 117198 Moscow, Russia; (T.V.P.); (I.V.K.); (A.V.S.)
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25
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Qiang W, Löbmann K, McCoy CP, Andrews GP, Zhao M. Microwave-Induced In Situ Amorphization: A New Strategy for Tackling the Stability Issue of Amorphous Solid Dispersions. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12070655. [PMID: 32664477 PMCID: PMC7408542 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12070655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The thermodynamically unstable nature of amorphous drugs has led to a persistent stability issue of amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs). Lately, microwave-induced in situ amorphization has been proposed as a promising solution to this problem, where the originally loaded crystalline drug is in situ amorphized within the final dosage form using a household microwave oven prior to oral administration. In addition to circumventing issues with physical stability, it can also simplify the problematic downstream processing of ASDs. In this review paper, we address the significance of exploring and developing this novel technology with an emphasis on systemically reviewing the currently available literature in this pharmaceutical arena and highlighting the underlying mechanisms involved in inducing in situ amorphization. Specifically, in order to achieve a high drug amorphicity, formulations should be composed of drugs with high solubility in polymers, as well as polymers with high hygroscopicity and good post-plasticized flexibility of chains. Furthermore, high microwave energy input is considered to be a desirable factor. Lastly, this review discusses challenges in the development of this technology including chemical stability, selection criteria for excipients and the dissolution performance of the microwave-induced ASDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qiang
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; (W.Q.); (C.P.M.); (G.P.A.)
| | - Korbinian Löbmann
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Colin P. McCoy
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; (W.Q.); (C.P.M.); (G.P.A.)
| | - Gavin P. Andrews
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; (W.Q.); (C.P.M.); (G.P.A.)
- China Medical University- Queen’s University Belfast Joint College (CQC), China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Min Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; (W.Q.); (C.P.M.); (G.P.A.)
- China Medical University- Queen’s University Belfast Joint College (CQC), China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-028-9097-2798; +86-024-31939488
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26
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Abstract
Introduction: Respiratory diseases are leading causes of death in the world, still inhalation therapies are the largest fail in drug development. There is an evident need to develop new therapies. Biomolecules represent apotential therapeutic agent in this regard, however their translation to the clinic is hindered by the lack of tools to efficiently deliver molecules. Cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) have arisen as apotential strategy for intracellular delivery that could theoretically enable the translation of new therapies.Areas covered: In this review, the use of CPPs as astrategy to deliver different molecules (cargoes) to treat lung-relateddiseases will be the focus. Abrief description of these molecules and the innovative methods in designing new CPPs is presented. The delivery of different cargoes (proteins, peptides, poorly soluble drugs and nucleic acids) using CPPs is discussed, focusing on benefits to treat different respiratory diseases like inflammatory disorders, cystic fibrosis and lung cancer.Expert opinion: The advantages of using CPPs to deliver biomolecules and poorly soluble drugs to the lungs is evident. This field has advanced in the past few years toward targeted intracellular delivery, although further studies are needed to fully understand its potential and limitations in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Gomes Dos Reis
- Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research and Discipline of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Daniela Traini
- Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research and Discipline of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Cheng Z, Lian Y, Kamal Z, Ma X, Chen J, Zhou X, Su J, Qiu M. Nanocrystals Technology for Pharmaceutical Science. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 24:2497-2507. [PMID: 29773056 DOI: 10.2174/1381612824666180518082420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nanocrystals technology is a promising method for improving the dissolution rate and enhancing the bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. In recent years, it has been developing rapidly and applied to drug research and engineering. Nanocrystal drugs can be formulated into various dosage forms. OBJECTIVE This review mainly focused on the nanocrystals technology and its application in pharmaceutical science. Firstly, different preparation methods of nanocrystal technology and the characterization of nanocrystal drugs are briefly described. Secondly, the application of nanocrystals technology in pharmaceutical science is mainly discussed followed by the introduction of sustained release formulations. Then, the scaling up process, marketed nanocrystal drug products and regulatory aspects about nanodrugs are summarized. Finally, the specific challenges and opportunities of nanocrystals technology for pharmaceutical science are summarized and discussed. CONCLUSION This review will provide a comprehensive guide for scientists and engineers in the field of pharmaceutical science and biochemical engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyao Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yumei Lian
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zul Kamal
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal Dir (Upper), 18000 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Xin Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jianjun Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xinbo Zhou
- Laboratory of Computer- Aided Drug Design & Discovery, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Jing Su
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Mingfeng Qiu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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28
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Abstract
Accordion Pill® (AP) is a novel gastric-retention oral delivery platform based on folded multilayer films (Intec Pharma, Jerusalem, Israel). Phase II clinical trials have evaluated gastric retention and pharmacokinetics (PK) of AP in healthy volunteers and efficacy and safety of AP containing carbidopa and levodopa (AP-CD/LD) in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). AP was retained in the stomach for approximately 8 h, without special meal requirements. AP-CD/LD demonstrated improved absorption, more stable levodopa exposure and improved ON time compared with immediate-release CD/LD in advanced PD patients. AP provides a novel treatment platform for improving PK and efficacy for drugs with narrow absorption windows or poor solubility. Furthermore, AP allows multiple drug release profiles in a single capsule and can provide fixed-dose combinations.
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29
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Le TT, Elzhry Elyafi AK, Mohammed AR, Al-Khattawi A. Delivery of Poorly Soluble Drugs via Mesoporous Silica: Impact of Drug Overloading on Release and Thermal Profiles. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E269. [PMID: 31185610 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11060269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the many methods available for solubility enhancement, mesoporous carriers are generating significant industrial interest. Owing to the spatial confinement of drug molecules within the mesopore network, low solubility crystalline drugs can be converted into their amorphous counterparts, which exhibit higher solubility. This work aims to understand the impact of drug overloading, i.e., above theoretical monolayer surface coverage, within mesoporous silica on the release behaviour and the thermal properties of loaded drugs. The study also looks at the inclusion of hypromellose acetate succinate (HPMCAS) to improve amorphisation. Various techniques including DSC, TGA, SEM, assay and dissolution were employed to investigate critical formulation factors of drug-loaded mesoporous silica prepared at drug loads of 100-300% of monolayer surface coverage, i.e., monolayer, double layer and triple layer coverage. A significant improvement in the dissolution of both Felodipine and Furosemide was obtained (96.4% and 96.2%, respectively). However, incomplete drug release was also observed at low drug load in both drugs, possibly due to a reversible adsorption to mesoporous silica. The addition of a polymeric precipitation inhibitor HPMCAS to mesoporous silica did not promote amorphisation. In fact, a partial coating of HPMCAS was observed on the exterior surface of mesoporous silica particles, which resulted in slower release for both drugs.
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30
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION A promising approach that has recently emerged to overcome the complex biobarriers and interrelated challenges associated with oral drug absorption is to combine the benefits of polymeric and lipid-based nanocarriers within one hybrid system. This multifaceted formulation strategy has given rise to a plethora of polymer-lipid hybrid (PLH) systems with varying nanostructures and biological activities, all of which have demonstrated the ability to improve the biopharmaceutical performance of a wide range of challenging therapeutics. AREAS COVERED The multitude of polymers that can be combined with lipids to exert a synergistic effect for oral drug delivery have been identified, reviewed and critically evaluated. Specific focus is attributed to preclinical studies performed within the past 5 years that have elucidated the role and mechanism of the polymer phase in altering the oral absorption of encapsulated therapeutics. EXPERT OPINION The potential of PLH systems has been clearly identified; however, improved understanding of the structure-activity relationship between PLH systems and oral absorption is fundamental for translating this promising delivery approach into a clinically relevant formulation. Advancing research within this field to identify optimal polymer, lipid combinations and engineering conditions for specific therapeutics are therefore encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajedehsadat Maghrebi
- a School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences , University of South Australia , Adelaide , South Australia , Australia.,b ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology , University of South Australia , Adelaide , South Australia , Australia
| | - Clive A Prestidge
- a School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences , University of South Australia , Adelaide , South Australia , Australia.,b ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology , University of South Australia , Adelaide , South Australia , Australia
| | - Paul Joyce
- c Department of Physics , Chalmers University of Technology , Gothenburg , Sweden
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31
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Gulin-Sarfraz T, Jonasson S, Wigenstam E, von Haartman E, Bucht A, Rosenholm JM. Feasibility Study of Mesoporous Silica Particles for Pulmonary Drug Delivery: Therapeutic Treatment with Dexamethasone in a Mouse Model of Airway Inflammation. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11040149. [PMID: 30939753 PMCID: PMC6523761 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11040149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diseases in the respiratory tract rank among the leading causes of death in the world, and thus novel and optimized treatments are needed. The lungs offer a large surface for drug absorption, and the inhalation of aerosolized drugs are a well-established therapeutic modality for local treatment of lung conditions. Nanoparticle-based drug delivery platforms are gaining importance for use through the pulmonary route. By using porous carrier matrices, higher doses of especially poorly soluble drugs can be administered locally, reducing their side effects and improving their biodistribution. In this study, the feasibility of mesoporous silica particles (MSPs) as carriers for anti-inflammatory drugs in the treatment of airway inflammation was investigated. Two different sizes of particles on the micron and nanoscale (1 µm and 200 nm) were produced, and were loaded with dexamethasone (DEX) to a loading degree of 1:1 DEX:MSP. These particles were further surface-functionalized with a polyethylene glycol–polyethylene imine (PEG–PEI) copolymer for optimal aqueous dispersibility. The drug-loaded particles were administered as an aerosol, through inhalation to two different mice models of neutrophil-induced (by melphalan or lipopolysaccharide) airway inflammation. The mice received treatment with either DEX-loaded MSPs or, as controls, empty MSPs or DEX only; and were evaluated for treatment effects 24 h after exposure. The results show that the MEL-induced airway inflammation could be treated by the DEX-loaded MSPs to the same extent as free DEX. Interestingly, in the case of LPS-induced inflammation, even the empty MSPs significantly down-modulated the inflammatory response. This study highlights the potential of MSPs as drug carriers for the treatment of diseases in the airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Gulin-Sarfraz
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland.
- School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, 0371 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Sofia Jonasson
- CBRN Defence and Security, Swedish Defence Research Agency, 90182 Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Elisabeth Wigenstam
- CBRN Defence and Security, Swedish Defence Research Agency, 90182 Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Eva von Haartman
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland.
| | - Anders Bucht
- CBRN Defence and Security, Swedish Defence Research Agency, 90182 Umeå, Sweden.
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Umeå University, 90182 Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Jessica M Rosenholm
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland.
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32
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Long CM, Tang K, Chokshi H, Fotaki N. Surface Dissolution UV Imaging for Investigation of Dissolution of Poorly Soluble Drugs and Their Amorphous Formulation. AAPS PharmSciTech 2019; 20:113. [PMID: 30761437 PMCID: PMC6394625 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-019-1317-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the dissolution properties of poorly soluble drugs from their pure form and their amorphous formulation under physiological relevant conditions for oral administration based on surface dissolution ultraviolet (UV) imaging. Dissolution of two poorly soluble drugs (cefuroxime axetil and itraconazole) and their amorphous formulations (Zinnat® and Sporanox®) was studied with the Sirius Surface Dissolution Imager (SDI). Media simulating the fasted state conditions (compendial and biorelevant) with sequential media/flow rate change were used. The dissolution mechanism of cefuroxime axetil in simulated gastric fluid (SGF), fasted state simulated gastric fluid (FaSSGF) and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) is predominantly swelling as opposed to the convective flow in fasted state simulated intestinal fluid (FaSSIF-V1), attributed to the effect of mixed micelles. For the itraconazole compact in biorelevant media, a clear upward diffusion of the dissolved itraconazole into the bulk buffer solution is observed. Dissolution of itraconazole from the Sporanox® compact is affected by the polyethylene glycol (PEG) gelling layer and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) matrix, and a steady diffusional dissolution pattern is revealed. A visual representation and a quantitative assessment of dissolution properties of poorly soluble compounds and their amorphous formulation can be obtained with the use of surface dissolution imaging under in vivo relevant conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiau Ming Long
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Quest International University Perak, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Kin Tang
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Hitesh Chokshi
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Nikoletta Fotaki
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
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Eleftheriadis GK, Mantelou P, Karavasili C, Chatzopoulou P, Katsantonis D, Irakli M, Mygdalia A, Vizirianakis IS, Fatouros DG. Development and Characterization of a Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System Comprised of Rice Bran Oil for Poorly Soluble Drugs. AAPS PharmSciTech 2019; 20:78. [PMID: 30635752 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-018-1274-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor aqueous solubility and low bioavailability are limiting factors in the oral delivery of lipophilic drugs. In a formulation approach to overcome these limitations, rice bran (RB) oil was evaluated as drug carrier in the development of self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS). The performance of RB in formulations incorporating Kolliphor RH40 or Kolliphor EL as surfactants and Transcutol HP as cosolvent was compared to a common oil vehicle, corn oil (CO). Serial dilutions of the preconcentrates were performed in various media [distilled water and simulated intestinal fluids mimicking fasted state (FaSSIF) and fed state (FeSSIF)] and at different dilution ratios to simulate the in vivo droplets' behavior. The developed SNEDDS were assessed by means of phase separation, droplet size, polydispersity index, and ζ-potential. Complex ternary diagrams were constructed to identify compositions exhibiting monophasic behavior, droplet size < 100 nm, and polydispersity index (PDI) < 0.25. Multifactor analysis and response surface areas intended to determine the factors significantly affecting droplet size. The oil capacity to accommodate lipophilic drugs was assessed via fluorescence spectroscopy based on the solvatochromic behavior of Nile Red. Solubility studies were performed to prepare fenofibrate- and itraconazole-loaded SNEDDS and assess their droplet size, whereas dissolution experiments were conducted in simulated intestinal fluids. Caco-2 cell viability studies confirmed the safety of the SNEDDS formulations at 1:100 and 1:1000 dilutions after cell exposure in culture for 4 h. The obtained results showed similar performance between RB and CO supporting the potential of RB as oil vehicle for the effective oral delivery of lipophilic compounds.
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Bremmell KE, Prestidge CA. Enhancing oral bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs with mesoporous silica based systems: opportunities and challenges. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2018; 45:349-358. [PMID: 30411991 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2018.1542709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Porous silica-based drug delivery systems have shown considerable promise for improving the oral delivery of poorly water-soluble drugs. More specifically, micro- and meso-porous silica carriers have high surface areas with associated ability to physically adsorb high-drug loads in a molecular or amorphous form; this allows molecular state drug release in aqueous gastrointestinal environments, potential for supersaturation, and hence facilitates enhanced absorption and increased bioavailability. This review focuses primarily on the ability of porous silica materials to modulate in vitro drug release and enhance in vivo biopharmaceutical performance. The key considerations identified and addressed are the physicochemical properties of the porous silica materials (e.g. the particle and pore size, shape, and surface chemistry), drug specific properties (e.g. pKa, solubility, and nature of interactions with the silica carrier), potential for both immediate and controlled release, drug release mechanisms, potential for surface functionalization and inclusion of precipitation inhibitors, and importance of utilizing relevant and effective in vitro dissolution methods with discriminating dissolution media that provides guidance for in vivo outcomes (i.e. IVIVC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen E Bremmell
- a School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences , University of South Australia , Adelaide , Australia
| | - Clive A Prestidge
- a School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences , University of South Australia , Adelaide , Australia.,b ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology , University of South Australia , South Australia , Australia
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35
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Gad SF, Park J, Park JE, Fetih GN, Tous SS, Lee W, Yeo Y. Enhancing Docetaxel Delivery to Multidrug-Resistant Cancer Cells with Albumin-Coated Nanocrystals. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00783. [PMID: 29341617 PMCID: PMC6064681 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Intravenous delivery of poorly water-soluble anticancer drugs such as docetaxel (DTX) is challenging due to the low bioavailability and the toxicity related to solubilizing excipients. Colloidal nanoparticles are used as alternative carriers, but low drug loading capacity and circulation instability limit their clinical translation. To address these challenges, DTX nanocrystals (NCs) were prepared using Pluronic F127 as an intermediate stabilizer and albumin as a functional surface modifier, which were previously found to be effective in producing small and stable NCs. We hypothesize that the albumin-coated DTX NCs (DTX-F-alb) will remain stable in serum-containing medium so as to effectively leverage the enhanced permeability and retention effect. In addition, the surface-bound albumin, in its native form, may contribute to cellular transport of NCs through interactions with albumin-binding proteins such as secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC). DTX-F-alb NCs showed sheet-like structure with an average length, width, and thickness of 284 ± 96, 173 ± 56, and 40 ± 8 nm and remained stable in 50% serum solution at a concentration greater than 10 μg/mL. Cytotoxicity and cellular uptake of DTX-F-alb and unformulated (free) DTX were compared on three cell lines with different levels of SPARC expression and DTX sensitivity. While the uptake of free DTX was highly dependent on DTX sensitivity, DTX-F-alb treatment resulted in relatively consistent cellular levels of DTX. Free DTX was more efficient in entering drug-sensitive B16F10 and SKOV-3 cells than DTX-F-alb, with consistent cytotoxic effects. In contrast, multidrug-resistant NCI/ADR-RES cells took up DTX-F-alb more than free DTX with time and responded better to the former. This difference was reduced by SPARC knockdown. The high SPARC expression level of NCI/ADR-RES cells, the known affinity of albumin for SPARC, and the opposing effect of SPARC knockdown support that DTX-F-alb have exploited the surface-bound albumin-SPARC interaction in entering NCI/ADR-RES cells. Albumin-coated NC system is a promising formulation for the delivery of hydrophobic anticancer drugs to multidrug-resistant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheryhan F. Gad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Joonyoung Park
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Ji Eun Park
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Gihan N. Fetih
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Sozan S. Tous
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Wooin Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Yeo
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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36
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Abstract
Many of the newly developed drugs for cancer, and some of those for cardiovascular disease, are poorly soluble in water and cannot be taken orally. This can be overcome by employing a new and effective delivery system utilizing nanotechnology. We present a new method for oral preparation of poorly soluble drugs that entails assembling (printing) drug-loaded polymeric micelles into sub-100 nm orally acceptable nanorods (NRs). Due to their small size, these NRs will have a high permeability through cells and thus should transport through the intestine to allow for drug delivery in the blood. These NRs drugs are expected to penetrate tumors more efficiently and much faster than individual nanoparticles and may also be useful for drug delivery to atherosclerotic plaque. This should lead to better bioavailability of the drug with reduced toxicity and side effects. Currently used micellar formulations are administered intravenously, which is invasive and could be toxic due to high doses and interaction with normal healthy tissues. Oral drug administration is the easiest and most desirable way to deliver most drugs, including those that are poorly soluble.
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37
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Dong B, Hadinoto K. Amorphous nanoparticle complex of perphenazine and dextran sulfate as a new solubility enhancement strategy of antipsychotic perphenazine. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2017; 43:996-1002. [PMID: 28121189 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2017.1287721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to develop a new solubility enhancement strategy of antipsychotic drug - perphenazine (PPZ) - in the form of its amorphous nanoparticle complex (or nanoplex) with polyelectrolyte dextran sulfate (DXT). SIGNIFICANCE Poor bioavailability of PPZ necessitated the development of fast-dissolving PPZ formulations regardless of delivery routes. Existing fast-dissolving formulations, however, exhibited low PPZ payload. The high-payload PPZ-DXT nanoplex represents an attractive fast-dissolving formulation, as dissolution rate is known to be proportional to payload. METHODS The nanoplex was prepared by electrostatically driven complexation between PPZ and DXT in a simple process that involved only ambient mixing of PPZ and DXT solutions. We investigated the effects of key variables in drug-polyelectrolyte complexation (i.e. pH and charge ratio RDXT/PPZ) on the physical characteristics and preparation efficiency of the nanoplex produced. Subsequently, we characterized the colloidal and amorphous state stabilities, dissolution enhancement, and supersaturation generation of the nanoplex prepared at the optimal condition. RESULTS The physical characteristics of nanoplex were governed by RDXT/PPZ, while the preparation efficiency was governed by the preparation pH. Nanoplex having size of ≈80 nm, zeta potential of ≈(-) 60 mV, and payload of ≈70% (w/w) were prepared at nearly 90% PPZ utilization rate and ≈60% yield. The nanoplex exhibited superior dissolution than native PPZ in simulated intestinal juice, resulting in high and prolonged apparent solubility with good storage stabilities. CONCLUSIONS The simple yet efficient preparation, excellent physical characteristics, fast dissolution, and high apparent solubility exhibited by the PPZ-DXT nanoplex established its potential as a new bioavailability enhancement strategy of PPZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingxue Dong
- a School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore
| | - Kunn Hadinoto
- a School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore
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38
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Van Duong T, Van den Mooter G. The role of the carrier in the formulation of pharmaceutical solid dispersions. Part I: crystalline and semi-crystalline carriers. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2016; 13:1583-1594. [PMID: 27321133 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2016.1198768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION As a consequence of the target and drug candidate identification process, drugs with higher hydrophobicity and/or lipophilicity are being selected for further development, leading to solubility and dissolution rate limited oral bioavailability, and hence potential failure of the intended therapeutic goal. Solid dispersions were introduced as a formulation strategy in the early 1960s to tackle this issue and are still an area of intensive research activity. Areas covered: There has been a shift in the type of carriers that were used in the formulation of solid dispersions as nowadays, amorphous carriers are most often used, whereas in early stages of solid dispersions development, crystalline and semi-crystalline carriers were most commonly applied. In this review, we will discuss several aspects related to the use of crystalline and semi-crystalline carriers such as their molecular and related physical structure, and their physical chemical properties related to formulation of poorly soluble drugs. Expert opinion: The inherent crystallinity of this type of carrier hinders the formation of high-load solid solutions as mainly the amorphous domains of a carrier are able to accommodate drug molecules. Hence these carriers are not currently first choice excipients to formulate solid dispersions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tu Van Duong
- a Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Drug Delivery and Disposition , KU Leuven - University of Leuven , Leuven , Belgium.,b Department of Pharmaceutics , Hanoi University of Pharmacy , Ha Noi , Vietnam
| | - Guy Van den Mooter
- a Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Drug Delivery and Disposition , KU Leuven - University of Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
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Knopp MM, Gannon N, Porsch I, Rask MB, Olesen NE, Langguth P, Holm R, Rades T. A Promising New Method to Estimate Drug-Polymer Solubility at Room Temperature. J Pharm Sci 2016; 105:2621-4. [PMID: 27012222 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2016.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The established methods to predict drug-polymer solubility at room temperature either rely on extrapolation over a long temperature range or are limited by the availability of a liquid analogue of the polymer. To overcome these issues, this work investigated a new methodology where the drug-polymer solubility is estimated from the solubility of the drug in a solution of the polymer at room temperature using the shake-flask method. Thus, the new polymer in solution method does not rely on temperature extrapolations and only requires the polymer and a solvent, in which the polymer is soluble, that does not affect the molecular structure of the drug and polymer relative to that in the solid state. Consequently, as this method has the potential to provide fast and precise estimates of drug-polymer solubility at room temperature, we encourage the scientific community to further investigate this principle both fundamentally and practically.
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40
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Cho E, Jung S. Supramolecular Complexation of Carbohydrates for the Bioavailability Enhancement of Poorly Soluble Drugs. Molecules 2015; 20:19620-46. [PMID: 26516835 PMCID: PMC6332515 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201019620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, a comprehensive overview of advances in the supramolecular complexes of carbohydrates and poorly soluble drugs is presented. Through the complexation process, poorly soluble drugs could be efficiently delivered to their desired destinations. Carbohydrates, the most abundant biomolecules, have diverse physicochemical properties owing to their inherent three-dimensional structures, hydrogen bonding, and molecular recognition abilities. In this regard, oligosaccharides and their derivatives have been utilized for the bioavailability enhancement of hydrophobic drugs via increasing the solubility or stability. By extension, polysaccharides and their derivatives can form self-assembled architectures with poorly soluble drugs and have shown increased bioavailability in terms of the sustained or controlled drug release. These supramolecular systems using carbohydrate will be developed consistently in the field of pharmaceutical and medical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunae Cho
- Center for Biotechnology Research in UBITA (CBRU), Institute for Ubiquitous Information Technology and Applications (UBITA), Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Seunho Jung
- Center for Biotechnology Research in UBITA (CBRU), Institute for Ubiquitous Information Technology and Applications (UBITA), Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea.
- Microbial Carbohydrate Resource Bank (MBRC), Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea.
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea.
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Tres F, Coombes SR, Phillips AR, Hughes LP, Wren SAC, Aylott JW, Burley JC. Investigating the Dissolution Performance of Amorphous Solid Dispersions Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Proton NMR. Molecules 2015; 20:16404-18. [PMID: 26378506 PMCID: PMC6331940 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200916404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 08/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
We have investigated the dissolution performance of amorphous solid dispersions of poorly water-soluble bicalutamide in a Kollidon VA64 polymeric matrix as a function of the drug loading (5% vs. 30% bicalutamide). A combined suite of state-of-the-art analytical techniques were employed to obtain a clear picture of the drug release, including an integrated magnetic resonance imaging UV-Vis flow cell system and 1H-NMR. Off-line 1H-NMR was used for the first time to simultaneously measure the dissolution profiles and rates of both the drug and the polymer from a solid dispersion. MRI and 1H-NMR data showed that the 5% drug loading compact erodes linearly, and that bicalutamide and Kollidon VA64 are released at approximately the same rate from the molecular dispersion. For the 30% extrudate, data indicated a slower water ingress into the compact which corresponds to a slower dissolution rate of both bicalutamide and Kollidon VA64.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Tres
- School of Pharmacy, Boots Science Building, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Steven R Coombes
- Pharmaceutical Development, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, UK.
| | | | - Leslie P Hughes
- Pharmaceutical Development, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, UK.
| | - Stephen A C Wren
- Pharmaceutical Development, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, UK.
| | - Jonathan W Aylott
- School of Pharmacy, Boots Science Building, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Jonathan C Burley
- School of Pharmacy, Boots Science Building, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
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Medarević DP, Kleinebudde P, Djuriš J, Djurić Z, Ibrić S. Combined application of mixture experimental design and artificial neural networks in the solid dispersion development. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2015; 42:389-402. [PMID: 26065534 DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2015.1054831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
This study for the first time demonstrates combined application of mixture experimental design and artificial neural networks (ANNs) in the solid dispersions (SDs) development. Ternary carbamazepine-Soluplus®-poloxamer 188 SDs were prepared by solvent casting method to improve carbamazepine dissolution rate. The influence of the composition of prepared SDs on carbamazepine dissolution rate was evaluated using d-optimal mixture experimental design and multilayer perceptron ANNs. Physicochemical characterization proved the presence of the most stable carbamazepine polymorph III within the SD matrix. Ternary carbamazepine-Soluplus®-poloxamer 188 SDs significantly improved carbamazepine dissolution rate compared to pure drug. Models developed by ANNs and mixture experimental design well described the relationship between proportions of SD components and percentage of carbamazepine released after 10 (Q10) and 20 (Q20) min, wherein ANN model exhibit better predictability on test data set. Proportions of carbamazepine and poloxamer 188 exhibited the highest influence on carbamazepine release rate. The highest carbamazepine release rate was observed for SDs with the lowest proportions of carbamazepine and the highest proportions of poloxamer 188. ANNs and mixture experimental design can be used as powerful data modeling tools in the systematic development of SDs. Taking into account advantages and disadvantages of both techniques, their combined application should be encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Djordje P Medarević
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia and
| | - Peter Kleinebudde
- b Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf , Duesseldorf , Germany
| | - Jelena Djuriš
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia and
| | - Zorica Djurić
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia and
| | - Svetlana Ibrić
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia and
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Barker R, Abrahamsson B, Kruusmägi M. Application and validation of an advanced gastrointestinal in vitro model for the evaluation of drug product performance in pharmaceutical development. J Pharm Sci 2014; 103:3704-3712. [PMID: 25223814 DOI: 10.1002/jps.24177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Methods to understand and predict the oral bioavailability of drug products are a prioritized research area within the pharmaceutical industry. Models to predict oral bioavailability have the potential to reduce risk, time, and cost in development as well as decrease the need for animal studies. The TNO intestinal model (TIM-1) is an advanced dissolution model deployed by AstraZeneca since 2008. This article presents a systematic evaluation of TIM-1 against in vivo data. The relative performance of compounds and formulations tested in TIM-1 and in vivo was compared both by a qualitative analysis and a linear regression analysis of relative exposure measures between test and reference formulations in TIM-1 and in vivo. The TIM-1 correctly predicted in vivo rank order in 84% and 79% of cases for AUC and Cmax , respectively, when using the 3-h time point. There was only one case for Cmax in which TIM-1 did not predict an in vivo difference. The correlation coefficient (R(2) ) between relative (test vs. reference formulations) fraction available in TIM-1 after 3 h and AUC was 0.78. Thus, this study suggests that the TIM-1 system can be used to assess the risk for significant differences in exposure between formulations and compound modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Barker
- Richard Barker, Martin Kruusmägi, Pharmaceutical Development, AstraZeneca R&D, Macclesfield, UK.
| | - Bertil Abrahamsson
- Bertil Abrahamsson, Pharmaceutical Development, AstraZeneca R&D, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Martin Kruusmägi
- Richard Barker, Martin Kruusmägi, Pharmaceutical Development, AstraZeneca R&D, Macclesfield, UK
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Wang Y, Zhao Q, Hu Y, Sun L, Bai L, Jiang T, Wang S. Ordered nanoporous silica as carriers for improved delivery of water insoluble drugs: a comparative study between three dimensional and two dimensional macroporous silica. Int J Nanomedicine 2013; 8:4015-31. [PMID: 24174875 PMCID: PMC3808157 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s52605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of the present study was to compare the drug release properties and stability of the nanoporous silica with different pore architectures as a matrix for improved delivery of poorly soluble drugs. For this purpose, three dimensional ordered macroporous (3DOM) silica with 3D continuous and interconnected macropores of different sizes (200 nm and 500 nm) and classic mesoporous silica (ie, Mobil Composition of Matter [MCM]-41 and Santa Barbara Amorphous [SBA]-15) with well-ordered two dimensional (2D) cylindrical mesopores were successfully fabricated and then loaded with the model drug indomethacin (IMC) via the solvent deposition method. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), N2 adsorption, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were applied to systematically characterize all IMC-loaded nanoporous silica formulations, evidencing the successful inclusion of IMC into nanopores, the reduced crystallinity, and finally accelerated dissolution of IMC. It was worth mentioning that, in comparison to 2D mesoporous silica, 3DOM silica displayed a more rapid release profile, which may be ascribed to the 3D interconnected pore networks and the highly accessible surface areas. The results obtained from the stability test indicated that the amorphous state of IMC entrapped in the 2D mesoporous silica (SBA-15 and MCM-41) has a better physical stability than in that of 3DOM silica. Moreover, the dissolution rate and stability of IMC loaded in 3DOM silica was closely related to the pore size of macroporous silica. The colorimetric 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and Cell Counting Kit (CCK)-8 assays in combination with direct morphology observations demonstrated the good biocompatibility of nanoporous silica, especially for 3DOM silica and SBA-15. The present work encourages further study of the drug release properties and stability of drug entrapped in different pore architecture of silica in order to realize their potential in oral drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
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