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Hofman P, Ilié M, Chamorey E, Brest P, Schiappa R, Nakache V, Antoine M, Barberis M, Begueret H, Bibeau F, Bonnetaud C, Boström P, Brousset P, Bubendorf L, Carvalho L, Cathomas G, Cazes A, Chalabreysse L, Chenard MP, Copin MC, Côté JF, Damotte D, de Leval L, Delongova P, Thomas de Montpreville V, de Muret A, Dema A, Dietmaier W, Evert M, Fabre A, Forest F, Foulet A, Garcia S, Garcia-Martos M, Gibault L, Gorkiewicz G, Jonigk D, Gosney J, Hofman A, Kern I, Kerr K, Kossai M, Kriegsmann M, Lassalle S, Long-Mira E, Lupo A, Mamilos A, Matěj R, Meilleroux J, Ortiz-Villalón C, Panico L, Panizo A, Papotti M, Pauwels P, Pelosi G, Penault-Llorca F, Pop O, Poté N, Cajal SRY, Sabourin JC, Salmon I, Sajin M, Savic-Prince S, Schildhaus HU, Schirmacher P, Serre I, Shaw E, Sizaret D, Stenzinger A, Stojsic J, Thunnissen E, Timens W, Troncone G, Werlein C, Wolff H, Berthet JP, Benzaquen J, Marquette CH, Hofman V, Calabrese F. Clinical and molecular practice of European thoracic pathology laboratories during the COVID-19 pandemic. The past and the near future. ESMO Open 2020; 6:100024. [PMID: 33399086 PMCID: PMC7780004 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2020.100024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study evaluated the consequences in Europe of the COVID-19 outbreak on pathology laboratories orientated toward the diagnosis of thoracic diseases. Materials and methods A survey was sent to 71 pathology laboratories from 21 European countries. The questionnaire requested information concerning the organization of biosafety, the clinical and molecular pathology, the biobanking, the workload, the associated research into COVID-19, and the organization of education and training during the COVID-19 crisis, from 15 March to 31 May 2020, compared with the same period in 2019. Results Questionnaires were returned from 53/71 (75%) laboratories from 18 European countries. The biosafety procedures were heterogeneous. The workload in clinical and molecular pathology decreased dramatically by 31% (range, 3%-55%) and 26% (range, 7%-62%), respectively. According to the professional category, between 28% and 41% of the staff members were not present in the laboratories but did teleworking. A total of 70% of the laboratories developed virtual meetings for the training of residents and junior pathologists. During the period of study, none of the staff members with confirmed COVID-19 became infected as a result of handling samples. Conclusions The COVID-19 pandemic has had a strong impact on most of the European pathology laboratories included in this study. Urgent implementation of several changes to the organization of most of these laboratories, notably to better harmonize biosafety procedures, was noted at the onset of the pandemic and maintained in the event of a new wave of infection occurring in Europe. Biosafety measures used in the first wave of the COVID-19 crisis were heterogeneous in 53 European pathology laboratories. A dramatic decrease of the workload in pathology laboratories was noted. No case of healthcare workers contaminated with SARS-CoV-2 associated with samples handling was identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Hofman
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, FHU OncoAge, BB-0033-00025, Louis Pasteur Hospital, IRCAN, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France.
| | - M Ilié
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, FHU OncoAge, BB-0033-00025, Louis Pasteur Hospital, IRCAN, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - E Chamorey
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Centre Antoine-Lacassagne, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - P Brest
- Team 4, IRCAN, INSERM, CNRS, Centre Antoine-Lacassagne, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - R Schiappa
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Centre Antoine-Lacassagne, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - V Nakache
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, FHU OncoAge, BB-0033-00025, Louis Pasteur Hospital, IRCAN, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - M Antoine
- Department of Pathology, Hôpital Tenon, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - M Barberis
- Unit of Histopathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - H Begueret
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - F Bibeau
- Department of Pathology, CHU de Caen, Université de Caen Normandie, Caen, France
| | - C Bonnetaud
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, FHU OncoAge, BB-0033-00025, Louis Pasteur Hospital, IRCAN, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - P Boström
- Department of Pathology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - P Brousset
- Department of Pathology, IUC-T-Oncopole, Inserm U1037 CRCT, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - L Bubendorf
- Institute of Pathology, Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - L Carvalho
- Institute of Anatomical and Molecular Pathology and University Hospital, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - G Cathomas
- Institute of Pathology, Cantonal Hospital Baselland, Liestal, Switzerland
| | - A Cazes
- Department of Pathology, Bichat Hospital, AP-HP, Inserm UMR 1152, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - L Chalabreysse
- Department of Pathology, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - M-P Chenard
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - M-C Copin
- Institut de Pathologie, CHU Lille, Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - J-F Côté
- Department of Pathology, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France
| | - D Damotte
- Department of Pathology, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre, Hôpital Cochin, Inserm U1138, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - L de Leval
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital and Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - P Delongova
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | | | - A de Muret
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Tours, Tours, France
| | - A Dema
- Department of Pathology, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - W Dietmaier
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - M Evert
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - A Fabre
- Department of Histopathology, St Vincent's University Hospital, University College Dublin School of Medicine, Dublin, Ireland
| | - F Forest
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - A Foulet
- Department of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier, Le Mans, France
| | - S Garcia
- Department of Pathology, Hôpital Nord, AP-HM, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - M Garcia-Martos
- Pulmonary Pathology Department, Gregorio Marañon University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - L Gibault
- Department of Pathology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - G Gorkiewicz
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - D Jonigk
- Institute of Pathology, German Center for Lung Research, Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - J Gosney
- Liverpool University Hospitals, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - A Hofman
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, FHU OncoAge, BB-0033-00025, Louis Pasteur Hospital, IRCAN, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - I Kern
- Department of Pathology, University Clinic Golnik, Golnik, Slovenia
| | - K Kerr
- Department of Pathology, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, UK
| | - M Kossai
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, Centre Jean Perrin, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - M Kriegsmann
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, and German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany
| | - S Lassalle
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, FHU OncoAge, BB-0033-00025, Louis Pasteur Hospital, IRCAN, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - E Long-Mira
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, FHU OncoAge, BB-0033-00025, Louis Pasteur Hospital, IRCAN, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - A Lupo
- Department of Pathology, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre, Hôpital Cochin, Inserm U1138, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - A Mamilos
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - R Matěj
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Thomayer Hospital and University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Meilleroux
- Department of Pathology, IUC-T-Oncopole, Inserm U1037 CRCT, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - C Ortiz-Villalón
- Department of Pathology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L Panico
- Unit of Pathology, Azienda Ospedaliera dei Colli, Monaldi-Cotugno-CTO, Naples, Italy
| | - A Panizo
- Department of Pathology, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - M Papotti
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - P Pauwels
- Centre for Oncological Research (CORE), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - G Pelosi
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, and IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - F Penault-Llorca
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, Centre Jean Perrin, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - O Pop
- Department of Pathology, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
| | - N Poté
- Department of Pathology, Bichat Hospital, AP-HP, Inserm UMR 1152, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - S R Y Cajal
- Department of Pathology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J-C Sabourin
- Department of Pathology, Inserm 1245, Rouen University Hospital Normandy University, Rouen, France
| | - I Salmon
- Department of Pathology, Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Sajin
- Department of Pathology, Emergency University Hospital, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - S Savic-Prince
- Institute of Pathology, Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - H-U Schildhaus
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - P Schirmacher
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, and German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany
| | - I Serre
- Department of Biopathology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - E Shaw
- Department of Cellular Pathology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - D Sizaret
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Tours, Tours, France
| | - A Stenzinger
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, and German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany
| | - J Stojsic
- Department of Thoracic Pathology, Service of Pathology, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - E Thunnissen
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - W Timens
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - G Troncone
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Frederico II, Naples, Italy
| | - C Werlein
- Institute of Pathology, German Center for Lung Research, Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - H Wolff
- Laboratory of Pathology, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J-P Berthet
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, FHU OnoAge, Louis Pasteur Hospital, University Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - J Benzaquen
- Department of Pneumology, FHU OncoAge, Louis Pasteur Hospital, IRCAN, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - C-H Marquette
- Department of Pneumology, FHU OncoAge, Louis Pasteur Hospital, IRCAN, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - V Hofman
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, FHU OncoAge, BB-0033-00025, Louis Pasteur Hospital, IRCAN, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - F Calabrese
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, Pathological Anatomy Section, University of Padova Medical School, Padova, Italy
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Ilie M, Benzaquen J, Hofman V, Lassalle S, Yazbeck N, Leroy S, Heeke S, Bence C, Mograbi B, Glaichenhaus N, Marquette CH, Hofman P. Immunotherapy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Biological Principles and Future Opportunities. Curr Mol Med 2019; 17:527-540. [PMID: 29473504 DOI: 10.2174/1566524018666180222114038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Revised: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy aims to amplify the anticancer immune response through reactivation of the lymphocytic response raised against several tumor neo-antigens. To obtain an effective immune response, this therapeutic approach requires that a number of immunological checkpoints be passed, such as the activation of excitatory costimulatory signals or the avoidance of coinhibitory molecules. Among the immune checkpoints, the interaction of the membrane-bound ligand PD-1 and its receptor PD-L1 has received much attention because of remarkable efficacy in numerous clinical trials for various cancer types, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, several limitations exist with these therapeutic agents when used as monotherapy, with objective responses observed in only 30-40% of patients, with the majority of patients demonstrating innate resistance, and approximately 25% of responders later demonstrating disease progression. Recent developments in the understanding of cancer immunology have the potential to identify mechanisms of innate and acquired resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors through translational research in human samples. This review focuses on the biological basic principles for immunological checkpoint blockade, and highlights the current status and the perspectives of this therapeutic approach in NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ilie
- University Cote d'Azur, Nice Hospital, FHU OncoAge, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology and Hospital-related Biobank (BB-0033-00025), 06001 Nice, France.,University Cote d'Azur, Inserm U1081/CNRS UMR 7284, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Comprehensive Cancer Center Antoine Lacassagne, Nice, France
| | - J Benzaquen
- University Cote d'Azur, Inserm U1081/CNRS UMR 7284, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Comprehensive Cancer Center Antoine Lacassagne, Nice, France.,University Cote d'Azur, Nice Hospital, FHU OncoAge, Pneumology Department, 06000 Nice, France
| | - V Hofman
- University Cote d'Azur, Nice Hospital, FHU OncoAge, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology and Hospital-related Biobank (BB-0033-00025), 06001 Nice, France.,University Cote d'Azur, Inserm U1081/CNRS UMR 7284, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Comprehensive Cancer Center Antoine Lacassagne, Nice, France
| | - S Lassalle
- University Cote d'Azur, Nice Hospital, FHU OncoAge, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology and Hospital-related Biobank (BB-0033-00025), 06001 Nice, France.,University Cote d'Azur, Inserm U1081/CNRS UMR 7284, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Comprehensive Cancer Center Antoine Lacassagne, Nice, France
| | - N Yazbeck
- University Cote d'Azur, Inserm U1081/CNRS UMR 7284, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Comprehensive Cancer Center Antoine Lacassagne, Nice, France
| | - S Leroy
- University Cote d'Azur, Nice Hospital, FHU OncoAge, Pneumology Department, 06000 Nice, France
| | - S Heeke
- University Cote d'Azur, Inserm U1081/CNRS UMR 7284, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Comprehensive Cancer Center Antoine Lacassagne, Nice, France
| | - C Bence
- University Cote d'Azur, Nice Hospital, FHU OncoAge, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology and Hospital-related Biobank (BB-0033-00025), 06001 Nice, France
| | - B Mograbi
- University Cote d'Azur, Inserm U1081/CNRS UMR 7284, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Comprehensive Cancer Center Antoine Lacassagne, Nice, France
| | - N Glaichenhaus
- University Cote d'Azur, FHU OncoAge, Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology Institute CNRS, INSERM, Valbonne, France
| | - C-H Marquette
- University Cote d'Azur, Inserm U1081/CNRS UMR 7284, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Comprehensive Cancer Center Antoine Lacassagne, Nice, France.,University Cote d'Azur, Nice Hospital, FHU OncoAge, Pneumology Department, 06000 Nice, France
| | - P Hofman
- University Cote d'Azur, Nice Hospital, FHU OncoAge, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology and Hospital-related Biobank (BB-0033-00025), 06001 Nice, France.,University Cote d'Azur, Inserm U1081/CNRS UMR 7284, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Comprehensive Cancer Center Antoine Lacassagne, Nice, France
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