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Iwe N, Raspe K, Martinez F, Schweikhard L, Meiwes-Broer KH, Tiggesbäumker J. Metal cluster plasmons analyzed by energy-resolved photoemission. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:1677-1684. [PMID: 36541268 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03830g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The optical response of size-selected metal clusters is studied by wavelength-dependent photoemission and energy-resolved photoelectron detection. Relative photodetachment cross sections giving information on the plasmon are determined for the example of closed-shell Ag91-. Notably, the peak energy of this anion (3.74 eV) is higher than the small particle limit in Mie theory of 3.5 eV. Different methods to extract cross sections from the spectra are applied. In particular, we compare the results obtained by integrating the full electron yields to analyses based on evaluating specified binding energy windows. The approach opens up new possibilities to conduct studies on Landau fragmentation as a result of multielectron excitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Iwe
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, 18059, Rostock, Germany.
| | - K Raspe
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, 18059, Rostock, Germany.
| | - F Martinez
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, 18059, Rostock, Germany.
| | - L Schweikhard
- Institute of Physics, University of Greifswald, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - K-H Meiwes-Broer
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, 18059, Rostock, Germany. .,Department Life, Light and Matter, University of Rostock, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - J Tiggesbäumker
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, 18059, Rostock, Germany. .,Department Life, Light and Matter, University of Rostock, 18059, Rostock, Germany
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2
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Raspe K, Müller M, Iwe N, Wolf RN, Oelßner P, Martinez F, Schweikhard L, Meiwes-Broer KH, Tiggesbäumker J. A versatile setup for studying size and charge-state selected polyanionic nanoparticles. Rev Sci Instrum 2022; 93:043301. [PMID: 35489944 DOI: 10.1063/5.0085187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Using the example of metal clusters, an experimental setup and procedure is presented, which allows for the generation of size and charge-state selected polyanions from monoanions in a molecular beam. As a characteristic feature of this modular setup, the further charging process via sequential electron attachment within a three-state digital trap takes place after mass-selection. In contrast to other approaches, the rf-based concept permits access to heavy particles. The procedure is highly flexible with respect to the preparation process and potentially suitable for a wide variety of anionic species. By adjusting the storage conditions, i.e., the radio frequency, to the change in the mass-to-charge ratio, we succeeded in producing clusters in highly negative charge states, i.e., Ag800 7-. The capabilities of the setup are demonstrated by experiments extracting electronic and optical properties of polyanionic metal clusters by analyzing the corresponding photoelectron spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Raspe
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - M Müller
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - N Iwe
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - R N Wolf
- Institute of Physics, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - P Oelßner
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - F Martinez
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - L Schweikhard
- Institute of Physics, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - K-H Meiwes-Broer
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - J Tiggesbäumker
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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3
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Iwe N, Raspe K, Müller M, Martinez F, Schweikhard L, Meiwes-Broer KH, Tiggesbäumker J. Size and charge-state dependence of detachment energies of polyanionic silver clusters. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:164303. [PMID: 34717355 DOI: 10.1063/5.0068278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The electronic properties of silver clusters (N up to 800) charged by attachment of up to z = 7 excess electrons are investigated. As an essential preparation step, the technique of in-trap electron attachment to size-selected monoanions within a linear Paul trap is applied. By taking advantage of tunable laser pulses, the photoelectron spectra allow us to evaluate details of the electronic structure of polyanionic metal clusters, giving a multidimensional dataset. The subsequent analysis based on the liquid drop model provides information about the atomic structure and the bulk work function at a hitherto unknown quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Iwe
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - K Raspe
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - M Müller
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - F Martinez
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - L Schweikhard
- Institute of Physics, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - K-H Meiwes-Broer
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - J Tiggesbäumker
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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4
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Martinez F, Iwe N, Müller M, Raspe K, Schweikhard L, Tiggesbäumker J, Meiwes-Broer KH. Cresting the Coulomb Barrier of Polyanionic Metal Clusters. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 126:133001. [PMID: 33861113 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.133001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Combining photoelectron spectroscopy with tunable laser pulse excitation allows us to characterize the Coulomb barrier potential of multiply negatively charged silver clusters. The spectra of mass- and charge-selected polyanionic systems, with z=2-5 excess electrons, show a characteristic dependence on the excitation energy, which emphasizes the role of electron tunneling through the barrier. By evaluating experimental data from an 800-atom system, the electron yield is parametrized with respect to tunneling near the photoemission threshold. This analysis results in the first experimentally based potential energy functions of polyanionic metal clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Martinez
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - N Iwe
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - M Müller
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Institute of Physics, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - K Raspe
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - L Schweikhard
- Institute of Physics, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - J Tiggesbäumker
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Department of Life, Light and Matter, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - K-H Meiwes-Broer
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Department of Life, Light and Matter, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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5
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Kelbg M, Zabel M, Krebs B, Kazak L, Meiwes-Broer KH, Tiggesbäumker J. Temporal Development of a Laser-Induced Helium Nanoplasma Measured through Auger Emission and Above-Threshold Ionization. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 125:093202. [PMID: 32915628 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.093202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Femtosecond pump-probe electron and ion spectroscopy is applied to study the development of a helium nanoplasma up to the nanosecond timescale. Electrons, bound by the deep confining mean-field potential, are elevated toward the vacuum level in the nanoplasma expansion. Subsequent electron recombination gives rise to transitions between He^{+} states, resulting in autoionization. The time-resolved analysis of the energy transfer to quasifree electrons reveals a transient depletion of the Auger emission, which allows for a temporal gate to map the distribution of delocalized electrons in the developing mean field. Furthermore, we trace the recombination of delocalized electrons near the vacuum level into highly excited Rydberg states. Transient above-threshold ionization is introduced as a diagnostic tool to resolve the dynamics. Thus, the development of the electron distribution in the nanoplasma mean-field potential can be monitored via the features observed in the emission spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kelbg
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - M Zabel
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - B Krebs
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - L Kazak
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - K-H Meiwes-Broer
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany and Department "Life, Light, and Matter," Universität Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - J Tiggesbäumker
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany and Department "Life, Light, and Matter," Universität Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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6
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Kelbg M, Zabel M, Krebs B, Kazak L, Meiwes-Broer KH, Tiggesbäumker J. Auger emission from the Coulomb explosion of helium nanoplasmas. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:204302. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5089943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. Kelbg
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - M. Zabel
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - B. Krebs
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - L. Kazak
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - K.-H. Meiwes-Broer
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Department of Life, Light and Matter, Universität Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - J. Tiggesbäumker
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Department of Life, Light and Matter, Universität Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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7
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Komar D, Kazak L, Almassarani M, Meiwes-Broer KH, Tiggesbäumker J. Highly Charged Rydberg Ions from the Coulomb Explosion of Clusters. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 120:133207. [PMID: 29694219 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.133207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ion emission from a nanoplasma produced in the interaction of intense optical laser pulses with argon clusters is studied resolving simultaneously charge states and recoil energies. By applying appropriate static electric fields we observe that a significant fraction of the ions Ar^{q+} (q=1-7) has electrons with binding energies lower than 150 meV; i.e., n_{Ryd}≥15 levels are populated. Charge state changes observed on a μs time scale can be attributed to electron emission due to autoionizing Rydberg states, indicating that high-ℓ Rydberg levels are populated as well. The experiments support theoretical predictions that a significant fraction of delocalized electrons, which are bound with hundreds of eV to the nanoplasma after the laser exposure, fill up meV bound ion states in the adiabatic expansion. We expect the process to be relevant for the long-term evolution of expanding laser-induced dense plasmas in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Komar
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - L Kazak
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - M Almassarani
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - K-H Meiwes-Broer
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - J Tiggesbäumker
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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8
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Zastrau U, Rödel C, Nakatsutsumi M, Feigl T, Appel K, Chen B, Döppner T, Fennel T, Fiedler T, Fletcher LB, Förster E, Gamboa E, Gericke DO, Göde S, Grote-Fortmann C, Hilbert V, Kazak L, Laarmann T, Lee HJ, Mabey P, Martinez F, Meiwes-Broer KH, Pauer H, Perske M, Przystawik A, Roling S, Skruszewicz S, Shihab M, Tiggesbäumker J, Toleikis S, Wünsche M, Zacharias H, Glenzer SH, Gregori G. A sensitive EUV Schwarzschild microscope for plasma studies with sub-micrometer resolution. Rev Sci Instrum 2018; 89:023703. [PMID: 29495844 DOI: 10.1063/1.5007950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We present an extreme ultraviolet (EUV) microscope using a Schwarzschild objective which is optimized for single-shot sub-micrometer imaging of laser-plasma targets. The microscope has been designed and constructed for imaging the scattering from an EUV-heated solid-density hydrogen jet. Imaging of a cryogenic hydrogen target was demonstrated using single pulses of the free-electron laser in Hamburg (FLASH) free-electron laser at a wavelength of 13.5 nm. In a single exposure, we observe a hydrogen jet with ice fragments with a spatial resolution in the sub-micrometer range. In situ EUV imaging is expected to enable novel experimental capabilities for warm dense matter studies of micrometer-sized samples in laser-plasma experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Zastrau
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - C Rödel
- Institute of Optics and Quantum Electronics, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | | | - T Feigl
- optiX fab GmbH, Hans-Knöll-Strasse 6, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - K Appel
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - B Chen
- China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP), Mianyang, China
| | - T Döppner
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - T Fennel
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - T Fiedler
- optiX fab GmbH, Hans-Knöll-Strasse 6, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - L B Fletcher
- Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC), 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - E Förster
- Institute of Optics and Quantum Electronics, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - E Gamboa
- Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC), 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - D O Gericke
- Centre for Fusion, Space and Astrophysics, Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - S Göde
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | | | - V Hilbert
- Institute of Applied Physics, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - L Kazak
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - T Laarmann
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging CUI, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - H J Lee
- Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC), 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - P Mabey
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - F Martinez
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - K-H Meiwes-Broer
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - H Pauer
- optiX fab GmbH, Hans-Knöll-Strasse 6, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - M Perske
- optiX fab GmbH, Hans-Knöll-Strasse 6, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - A Przystawik
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Roling
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - S Skruszewicz
- Institute of Optics and Quantum Electronics, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - M Shihab
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - J Tiggesbäumker
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - S Toleikis
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Wünsche
- Institute of Optics and Quantum Electronics, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - H Zacharias
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - S H Glenzer
- Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC), 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - G Gregori
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
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9
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Komar D, Meiwes-Broer KH, Tiggesbäumker J. High performance charge-state resolving ion energy analyzer optimized for intense laser studies on low-density cluster targets. Rev Sci Instrum 2016; 87:103110. [PMID: 27802717 DOI: 10.1063/1.4964474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We report on a versatile ion analyzer which is capable to resolve ion charge states and energies with a resolution of E/ΔE = 100 at 75 keV/nucleon. Charge states are identified by their characteristic deflection in a magnetic field, whereas the ion energies are independently determined by a time-of-flight measurement. To monitor the signals a delay-line detector is used which records ion impact positions and times in each laser shot. Compared to conventional Thomson parabola spectrometers our instrument provides a low background measurement, hence a superior dynamic range. Further features are an improved energy resolution and a significantly increased transmission. We demonstrate the performance by showing charge-state resolved ion energy spectra from the Coulomb explosion of a low-density target, i.e., silver clusters exposed to intense femtosecond laser pulses.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Komar
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - K-H Meiwes-Broer
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - J Tiggesbäumker
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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10
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Skruszewicz S, Tiggesbäumker J, Meiwes-Broer KH, Arbeiter M, Fennel T, Bauer D. Two-Color Strong-Field Photoelectron Spectroscopy and the Phase of the Phase. Phys Rev Lett 2015; 115:043001. [PMID: 26252678 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.043001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The presence of a weak second-harmonic field in an intense-laser ionization experiment affects the momentum-resolved electron yield, depending on the relative phase between the ω and the 2ω component. The proposed two-color "phase-of-the-phase spectroscopy" quantifies for each final electron momentum a relative-phase contrast (RPC) and a phase of the phase (PP) describing how much and with which phase lag, respectively, the yield changes as a function of the relative phase. Experimental results for RPC and PP spectra for rare gas atoms and CO_{2} are presented. The spectra demonstrate a rather universal structure that is analyzed with the help of a simple model based on electron trajectories, wave-packet spreading, and (multiple) rescattering. Details in the PP and RPC spectra are target sensitive and, thus, may be used to extract structural (or even dynamical) information with high accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Skruszewicz
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - J Tiggesbäumker
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - K-H Meiwes-Broer
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - M Arbeiter
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - Th Fennel
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - D Bauer
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany
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11
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Li H, Mignolet B, Wachter G, Skruszewicz S, Zherebtsov S, Süssmann F, Kessel A, Trushin SA, Kling NG, Kübel M, Ahn B, Kim D, Ben-Itzhak I, Cocke CL, Fennel T, Tiggesbäumker J, Meiwes-Broer KH, Lemell C, Burgdörfer J, Levine RD, Remacle F, Kling MF. Coherent electronic wave packet motion in C(60) controlled by the waveform and polarization of few-cycle laser fields. Phys Rev Lett 2015; 114:123004. [PMID: 25860740 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.123004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Strong laser fields can be used to trigger an ultrafast molecular response that involves electronic excitation and ionization dynamics. Here, we report on the experimental control of the spatial localization of the electronic excitation in the C_{60} fullerene exerted by an intense few-cycle (4 fs) pulse at 720 nm. The control is achieved by tailoring the carrier-envelope phase and the polarization of the laser pulse. We find that the maxima and minima of the photoemission-asymmetry parameter along the laser-polarization axis are synchronized with the localization of the coherent electronic wave packet at around the time of ionization.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Li
- Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, Garching D-85748, Germany
- Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Garching D-85748, Germany
- J.R. MacDonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - B Mignolet
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liège, Liège B-4000, Belgium
| | - G Wachter
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna A-1040, Austria
| | - S Skruszewicz
- Institute of Physics, Universität Rostock, Rostock D-18051, Germany
| | - S Zherebtsov
- Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, Garching D-85748, Germany
- Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Garching D-85748, Germany
| | - F Süssmann
- Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, Garching D-85748, Germany
- Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Garching D-85748, Germany
| | - A Kessel
- Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, Garching D-85748, Germany
| | - S A Trushin
- Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, Garching D-85748, Germany
| | - Nora G Kling
- Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Garching D-85748, Germany
- J.R. MacDonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - M Kübel
- Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, Garching D-85748, Germany
- Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Garching D-85748, Germany
| | - B Ahn
- Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, Garching D-85748, Germany
- Physics Department, CASTECH, POSTECH, Pohang, Kyungbuk 790-784, Republic of Korea
- Max Planck Center for Attosecond Science, Max Planck POSTECH/KOREA Research Initiative, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - D Kim
- Physics Department, CASTECH, POSTECH, Pohang, Kyungbuk 790-784, Republic of Korea
- Max Planck Center for Attosecond Science, Max Planck POSTECH/KOREA Research Initiative, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - I Ben-Itzhak
- J.R. MacDonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - C L Cocke
- J.R. MacDonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - T Fennel
- Institute of Physics, Universität Rostock, Rostock D-18051, Germany
| | - J Tiggesbäumker
- Institute of Physics, Universität Rostock, Rostock D-18051, Germany
| | - K-H Meiwes-Broer
- Institute of Physics, Universität Rostock, Rostock D-18051, Germany
| | - C Lemell
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna A-1040, Austria
| | - J Burgdörfer
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna A-1040, Austria
- Institute of Nuclear Research of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (ATOMKI), Debrecen H-4001, Hungary
| | - R D Levine
- Fritz Haber Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - F Remacle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liège, Liège B-4000, Belgium
| | - M F Kling
- Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, Garching D-85748, Germany
- Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Garching D-85748, Germany
- J.R. MacDonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
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Zastrau U, Sperling P, Becker A, Bornath T, Bredow R, Döppner T, Dziarzhytski S, Fennel T, Fletcher LB, Förster E, Fortmann C, Glenzer SH, Göde S, Gregori G, Harmand M, Hilbert V, Holst B, Laarmann T, Lee HJ, Ma T, Mithen JP, Mitzner R, Murphy CD, Nakatsutsumi M, Neumayer P, Przystawik A, Roling S, Schulz M, Siemer B, Skruszewicz S, Tiggesbäumker J, Toleikis S, Tschentscher T, White T, Wöstmann M, Zacharias H, Redmer R. Equilibration dynamics and conductivity of warm dense hydrogen. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2014; 90:013104. [PMID: 25122398 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.90.013104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We investigate subpicosecond dynamics of warm dense hydrogen at the XUV free-electron laser facility (FLASH) at DESY (Hamburg). Ultrafast impulsive electron heating is initiated by a ≤ 300-fs short x-ray burst of 92-eV photon energy. A second pulse probes the sample via x-ray scattering at jitter-free variable time delay. We show that the initial molecular structure dissociates within (0.9 ± 0.2) ps, allowing us to infer the energy transfer rate between electrons and ions. We evaluate Saha and Thomas-Fermi ionization models in radiation hydrodynamics simulations, predicting plasma parameters that are subsequently used to calculate the static structure factor. A conductivity model for partially ionized plasma is validated by two-temperature density-functional theory coupled to molecular dynamic simulations and agrees with the experimental data. Our results provide important insights and the needed experimental data on transport properties of dense plasmas.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Zastrau
- Institut für Optik und Quantenelektronik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - P Sperling
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - A Becker
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - T Bornath
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - R Bredow
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - T Döppner
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - S Dziarzhytski
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - T Fennel
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - L B Fletcher
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - E Förster
- Institut für Optik und Quantenelektronik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany and Helmholtz-Institut Jena, Fröbelstieg 3, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - C Fortmann
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - S H Glenzer
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - S Göde
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA and Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - G Gregori
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - M Harmand
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - V Hilbert
- Institut für Optik und Quantenelektronik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - B Holst
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - T Laarmann
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany and The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - H J Lee
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - T Ma
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J P Mithen
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - R Mitzner
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - C D Murphy
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - M Nakatsutsumi
- European XFEL, Albert-Einstein-Ring 19, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - P Neumayer
- Extreme Matter Institute, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - A Przystawik
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Roling
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - M Schulz
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - B Siemer
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - S Skruszewicz
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - J Tiggesbäumker
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - S Toleikis
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - T Tschentscher
- European XFEL, Albert-Einstein-Ring 19, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - T White
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - M Wöstmann
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - H Zacharias
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - R Redmer
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
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13
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Zastrau U, Sperling P, Harmand M, Becker A, Bornath T, Bredow R, Dziarzhytski S, Fennel T, Fletcher LB, Förster E, Göde S, Gregori G, Hilbert V, Hochhaus D, Holst B, Laarmann T, Lee HJ, Ma T, Mithen JP, Mitzner R, Murphy CD, Nakatsutsumi M, Neumayer P, Przystawik A, Roling S, Schulz M, Siemer B, Skruszewicz S, Tiggesbäumker J, Toleikis S, Tschentscher T, White T, Wöstmann M, Zacharias H, Döppner T, Glenzer SH, Redmer R. Resolving ultrafast heating of dense cryogenic hydrogen. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 112:105002. [PMID: 24679300 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.105002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We report on the dynamics of ultrafast heating in cryogenic hydrogen initiated by a ≲300 fs, 92 eV free electron laser x-ray burst. The rise of the x-ray scattering amplitude from a second x-ray pulse probes the transition from dense cryogenic molecular hydrogen to a nearly uncorrelated plasmalike structure, indicating an electron-ion equilibration time of ∼0.9 ps. The rise time agrees with radiation hydrodynamics simulations based on a conductivity model for partially ionized plasma that is validated by two-temperature density-functional theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Zastrau
- Institut für Optik und Quantenelektronik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - P Sperling
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - M Harmand
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Becker
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - T Bornath
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - R Bredow
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - S Dziarzhytski
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - T Fennel
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - L B Fletcher
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - E Förster
- Institut für Optik und Quantenelektronik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany and Helmholtz-Institut Jena, Fröbelstieg 3, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - S Göde
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - G Gregori
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - V Hilbert
- Institut für Optik und Quantenelektronik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - D Hochhaus
- Extreme Matter Institute, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - B Holst
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - T Laarmann
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany and The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging CUI, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - H J Lee
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - T Ma
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J P Mithen
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - R Mitzner
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Wilhelm-Klemm-Strasse, 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - C D Murphy
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - M Nakatsutsumi
- European XFEL, Albert-Einstein-Ring 19, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - P Neumayer
- Extreme Matter Institute, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - A Przystawik
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Roling
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Wilhelm-Klemm-Strasse, 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - M Schulz
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - B Siemer
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Wilhelm-Klemm-Strasse, 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - S Skruszewicz
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - J Tiggesbäumker
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - S Toleikis
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - T Tschentscher
- European XFEL, Albert-Einstein-Ring 19, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - T White
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - M Wöstmann
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Wilhelm-Klemm-Strasse, 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - H Zacharias
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Wilhelm-Klemm-Strasse, 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - T Döppner
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - S H Glenzer
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - R Redmer
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
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14
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Fiedler S, Irsig R, Tiggesbäumker J, Schuster C, Merschjann C, Rothe N, Lochbrunner S, Vehse M, Seitz H, Klinkenberg ED, Meiwes-Broer KH. Machining of Biocompatible Ceramics with Femtosecond Laser Pulses. BIOMED ENG-BIOMED TE 2013; 58 Suppl 1:/j/bmte.2013.58.issue-s1-C/bmt-2013-4093/bmt-2013-4093.xml. [PMID: 24042670 DOI: 10.1515/bmt-2013-4093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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15
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Bostedt C, Eremina E, Rupp D, Adolph M, Thomas H, Hoener M, de Castro ARB, Tiggesbäumker J, Meiwes-Broer KH, Laarmann T, Wabnitz H, Plönjes E, Treusch R, Schneider JR, Möller T. Ultrafast x-ray scattering of xenon nanoparticles: imaging transient states of matter. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 108:093401. [PMID: 22463632 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.093401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Femtosecond x-ray laser flashes with power densities of up to 10(14) W/cm(2) at 13.7 nm wavelength were scattered by single xenon clusters in the gas phase. Similar to light scattering from atmospheric microparticles, the x-ray diffraction patterns carry information about the optical constants of the objects. However, the high flux of the x-ray laser induces severe transient changes of the electronic configuration, resulting in a tenfold increase of absorption in the developing nanoplasma. The modification in opaqueness can be correlated to strong atomic charging of the particle leading to excitation of Xe(4+). It is shown that single-shot single-particle scattering on femtosecond time scales yields insight into ultrafast processes in highly excited systems where conventional spectroscopy techniques are inherently blind.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bostedt
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Eugene-Wigner-Building EW 3-1, Hardenbergstrasse 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany.
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16
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Schuster C, Rothe N, Svanidze AV, Fiedler S, Irsig R, Tiggesbäumker J, Senz V, Vehse M, Seitz H, Lochbrunner S. Material processing with shaped femtosecond laser pulses. BIOMED ENG-BIOMED TE 2012. [DOI: 10.1515/bmt-2012-4037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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17
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Christen W, Radcliffe P, Przystawik A, Diederich T, Tiggesbäumker J. Argon Solvent Effects on Optical Properties of Silver Metal Clusters. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:8779-82. [DOI: 10.1021/jp200487s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W. Christen
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany, and
| | - P. Radcliffe
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Universitätsplatz 3, 18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - A. Przystawik
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Universitätsplatz 3, 18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - Th. Diederich
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Universitätsplatz 3, 18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - J. Tiggesbäumker
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Universitätsplatz 3, 18051 Rostock, Germany
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18
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Döppner T, Müller JP, Przystawik A, Göde S, Tiggesbäumker J, Meiwes-Broer KH, Varin C, Ramunno L, Brabec T, Fennel T. Steplike intensity threshold behavior of extreme ionization in laser-driven xenon clusters. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 105:053401. [PMID: 20867915 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.053401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The generation of highly charged Xe(q+) ions up to q=24 is observed in Xe clusters embedded in helium nanodroplets and exposed to intense femtosecond laser pulses (λ=800 nm). Laser intensity resolved measurements show that the high-q ion generation starts at an unexpectedly low threshold intensity of about 10(14) W/cm2. Above threshold, the Xe ion charge spectrum saturates quickly and changes only weakly for higher laser intensities. Good agreement between these observations and a molecular dynamics analysis allows us to identify the mechanisms responsible for the highly charged ion production and the surprising intensity threshold behavior of the ionization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Döppner
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany
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19
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Vinko SM, Zastrau U, Mazevet S, Andreasson J, Bajt S, Burian T, Chalupsky J, Chapman HN, Cihelka J, Doria D, Döppner T, Düsterer S, Dzelzainis T, Fäustlin RR, Fortmann C, Förster E, Galtier E, Glenzer SH, Göde S, Gregori G, Hajdu J, Hajkova V, Heimann PA, Irsig R, Juha L, Jurek M, Krzywinski J, Laarmann T, Lee HJ, Lee RW, Li B, Meiwes-Broer KH, Mithen JP, Nagler B, Nelson AJ, Przystawik A, Redmer R, Riley D, Rosmej F, Sobierajski R, Tavella F, Thiele R, Tiggesbäumker J, Toleikis S, Tschentscher T, Vysin L, Whitcher TJ, White S, Wark JS. Electronic structure of an XUV photogenerated solid-density aluminum plasma. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 104:225001. [PMID: 20867176 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.104.225001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
By use of high intensity XUV radiation from the FLASH free-electron laser at DESY, we have created highly excited exotic states of matter in solid-density aluminum samples. The XUV intensity is sufficiently high to excite an inner-shell electron from a large fraction of the atoms in the focal region. We show that soft-x-ray emission spectroscopy measurements reveal the electronic temperature and density of this highly excited system immediately after the excitation pulse, with detailed calculations of the electronic structure, based on finite-temperature density functional theory, in good agreement with the experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Vinko
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, United Kingdom.
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20
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Fäustlin RR, Bornath T, Döppner T, Düsterer S, Förster E, Fortmann C, Glenzer SH, Göde S, Gregori G, Irsig R, Laarmann T, Lee HJ, Li B, Meiwes-Broer KH, Mithen J, Nagler B, Przystawik A, Redlin H, Redmer R, Reinholz H, Röpke G, Tavella F, Thiele R, Tiggesbäumker J, Toleikis S, Uschmann I, Vinko SM, Whitcher T, Zastrau U, Ziaja B, Tschentscher T. Observation of ultrafast nonequilibrium collective dynamics in warm dense hydrogen. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 104:125002. [PMID: 20366540 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.104.125002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We investigate ultrafast (fs) electron dynamics in a liquid hydrogen sample, isochorically and volumetrically heated to a moderately coupled plasma state. Thomson scattering measurements using 91.8 eV photons from the free-electron laser in Hamburg (FLASH at DESY) show that the hydrogen plasma has been driven to a nonthermal state with an electron temperature of 13 eV and an ion temperature below 0.1 eV, while the free-electron density is 2.8x10{20} cm{-3}. For dense plasmas, our experimental data strongly support a nonequilibrium kinetics model that uses impact ionization cross sections based on classical free-electron collisions.
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21
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Senz V, Fischer T, Oelssner P, Tiggesbäumker J, Stanzel J, Bostedt C, Thomas H, Schöffler M, Foucar L, Martins M, Neville J, Neeb M, Möller T, Wurth W, Rühl E, Dörner R, Schmidt-Böcking H, Eberhardt W, Ganteför G, Treusch R, Radcliffe P, Meiwes-Broer KH. Core-hole screening as a probe for a metal-to-nonmetal transition in lead clusters. Phys Rev Lett 2009; 102:138303. [PMID: 19392409 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.102.138303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Metal clusters serve as model systems to study basic problems of electronic correlation. Vacuum ultraviolet light from the free-electron laser FLASH ionizes 5d electrons from mass-separated negatively charged clusters, thus transiently leading to core-ionized neutral systems. Shielding of the core hole affects the electron binding energy. From the strong deviation from expectations of the metallic droplet and jellium models we conclude on reduced electronic shielding once the cluster size falls below about 20 atoms. This suggests a metal-to-nonmetal transition, in agreement with previous local density approximation calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Senz
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany.
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22
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Zastrau U, Fortmann C, Fäustlin RR, Cao LF, Döppner T, Düsterer S, Glenzer SH, Gregori G, Laarmann T, Lee HJ, Przystawik A, Radcliffe P, Reinholz H, Röpke G, Thiele R, Tiggesbäumker J, Truong NX, Toleikis S, Uschmann I, Wierling A, Tschentscher T, Förster E, Redmer R. Bremsstrahlung and line spectroscopy of warm dense aluminum plasma heated by xuv free-electron-laser radiation. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2008; 78:066406. [PMID: 19256961 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.78.066406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2008] [Revised: 10/20/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We report the creation of solid-density aluminum plasma using free-electron laser (FEL) radiation at 13.5nm wavelength. Ultrashort pulses were focused on a bulk Al target, yielding an intensity of 2x10;{14}Wcm;{2} . The radiation emitted from the plasma was measured using an xuv spectrometer. Bremsstrahlung and line intensity ratios yield consistent electron temperatures of about 38eV , supported by radiation hydrodynamics simulations. This shows that xuv FELs heat up plasmas volumetrically and homogeneously at warm-dense-matter conditions, which are accurately characterized by xuv spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Zastrau
- Institut für Optik und Quantenelektronik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Max-Wien Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany.
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23
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Fennel T, Döppner T, Passig J, Schaal C, Tiggesbäumker J, Meiwes-Broer KH. Plasmon-enhanced electron acceleration in intense laser metal-cluster interactions. Phys Rev Lett 2007; 98:143401. [PMID: 17501272 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.98.143401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2006] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
We have measured the energy and angular-resolved electron emission from medium-sized silver clusters (N approximately 500-2000) exposed to dual laser pulses of moderate intensity (I approximately (10(13-14) W/cm2). When the second pulse excites the plasmon resonantly, we observe enhanced emission along the laser polarization axis. The asymmetry of the electron spectrum is strongly increasing with electron energy. Semiclassical simulations reveal the following mechanism: Electrons bound in highly excited states can leave, return to, and traverse the cluster. Those electrons that return at zero plasmon deflection and traverse the cluster during a favorable plasmon half-cycle can experience maximum acceleration by the evolving polarization field. As a result of these constraints energetic electrons are emitted in direction of the laser polarization axis in subcycle bursts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Th Fennel
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany.
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Döppner T, Diederich T, Przystawik A, Truong NX, Fennel T, Tiggesbäumker J, Meiwes-Broer KH. Charging of metal clusters in helium droplets exposed to intense femtosecond laser pulses. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2007; 9:4639-52. [PMID: 17700865 DOI: 10.1039/b703707d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We review the strong field (10(13)-10(16) W cm(-2)) laser excitation of metal clusters (Cd(N), Ag(N) and Pb(N)) embedded in He nanodroplets. Plasmon enhanced ionization obtained by stretching the laser pulses to several hundreds of femtoseconds or by using dual pulses with a suitable optical delay leads to a Coulomb explosion of highly charged atomic ions. The charging dynamics can be well described by corresponding semiclassical Vlasov simulations. The influence of the He environment on the ionization process and on the final charge distribution is discussed. Evidence is found that He(2+) is generated in collisions with highly charged metal ions. In contrast, singly and doubly charged ions with low recoil energies induce the formation of He snowballs with a distinct shell structure around the ion. Laser intensity thresholds for snowball formation and for the ionization of clusters are investigated by applying intensity selective scanning.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Döppner
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Universitätsplatz 3, 18051, Rostock, Germany.
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Döppner T, Fennel T, Diederich T, Tiggesbäumker J, Meiwes-Broer KH. Controlling the coulomb explosion of silver clusters by femtosecond dual-pulse laser excitation. Phys Rev Lett 2005; 94:013401. [PMID: 15698081 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.94.013401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Silver clusters grown in helium nanodroplets are excited by intense femtosecond laser pulses resulting in the formation of a hot electron plasma far from equilibrium. The ultrafast dynamics is studied by applying optically delayed dual pulses, which allows us to pursue and control the coupling of the laser field to the clusters on a femtosecond time scale. A distinct influence of the optical delay on the ionization efficiency gives strong evidence that a significant contribution of collective dipolar electron motion is present, which is verified by corresponding Vlasov dynamics simulations on a model system. The microscopic approach demonstrates the outstanding role of giant resonances in clusters also in intense laser fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Döppner
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany.
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Diederich T, Döppner T, Braune J, Tiggesbäumker J, Meiwes-Broer KH. Electron delocalization in magnesium clusters grown in supercold helium droplets. Phys Rev Lett 2001; 86:4807-4810. [PMID: 11384353 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.86.4807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The formation of bare clusters from highly reactive metals can be achieved very effectively by the pickup of atoms into superfluid helium droplets. We report on the experimental observation of electronic shells in small magnesium clusters produced by this method. Mass spectra taken under various ionization conditions show steps and outstanding peaks, as well as pronounced minima. The abundance distribution suggests a transition to full electron delocalization which is complete at about 20 atoms. A so-far-not-reported electron reorganization is observed, leading to a novel shell structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Diederich
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany
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Tiggesbäumker J, Köller L, Meiwes-Broer KH, Liebsch A. Blue shift of the Mie plasma frequency in Ag clusters and particles. Phys Rev A 1993; 48:R1749-R1752. [PMID: 9909898 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.48.r1749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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