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Janes AC, Gilman JM, Frederick BB, Radoman M, Pachas G, Fava M, Evins AE. Salience network coupling is linked to both tobacco smoking and symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Drug Alcohol Depend 2018; 182:93-97. [PMID: 29175464 PMCID: PMC6585943 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms, even those below diagnostic threshold, enhance the likelihood of nicotine dependence, suggesting a neurobiological link between disorders. Of particular interest is the salience network (SN), which mediates attention to salient internal/external stimuli to guide behavior and is anchored by the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and bilateral anterior insula (AI). Disrupted interactions between the SN and the default mode (DMN) and central executive networks (CEN) have been noted in both ADHD and nicotine dependence. Further, enhanced intra-SN coupling between the dACC-AI influences aspects of nicotine dependence such as reactivity to smoking cues. METHODS To identify links between SN functional connectivity and ADHD symptoms in nicotine dependence, we compared 21 nicotine dependent individuals with 17 non-smokers on ADHD symptoms as measured by the ADHD self-report scale (ASRS) and resting state intra and inter-SN functional connectivity. RESULTS Relative to healthy controls, nicotine dependent individuals had significantly higher ASRS scores and greater dACC-AI coupling. No group differences were noted on inter-SN network coupling. A significant association was found between ASRS and dACC-AI coupling both in the entire cohort and specifically when evaluating nicotine dependent individuals alone. CONCLUSIONS The greater ASRS scores in nicotine dependent individuals is in line with existent literature and the stronger dACC-AI coupling in smokers further supports the role of this network in nicotine dependence. The significant association between dACC-AI coupling and ASRS suggests that intra-SN coupling strength may impact neurocognitive functioning associated with both ADHD symptoms and nicotine dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Janes
- McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - J M Gilman
- Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, USA; Athinoula A. Martinos Center in Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, MGH, Charlestown, MA, USA,; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - B B Frederick
- McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M Radoman
- Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, USA
| | - G Pachas
- Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M Fava
- Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A E Evins
- Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Janes AC, Gilman JM, Radoman M, Pachas G, Fava M, Evins AE. Revisiting the role of the insula and smoking cue-reactivity in relapse: A replication and extension of neuroimaging findings. Drug Alcohol Depend 2017; 179:8-12. [PMID: 28735078 PMCID: PMC5599349 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The ability to direct smoking cessation treatment based on neuroscientific findings holds incredible promise. However, there is a strong need for consistency across studies to confirm neurobiological targets. While our prior work implicated enhanced insula reactivity to smoking cues in tobacco smoking relapse vulnerability, this finding has not been confirmed. METHOD Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we evaluated the pre-cessation brain reactivity to smoking vs. neutral cues in nicotine dependent smokers who were and were not able to maintain subsequent abstinence. RESULTS Of the 23 (7 women) individuals assessed, 13 relapsed and there were no demographic differences between those who did and did not relapse. However, smokers who relapsed showed enhanced reactivity to smoking cues in the right insula and dorsal striatum, showing significant overlap between our current and prior work despite methodological differences, including the fact that our previous work only included women. CONCLUSION The current work supports our prior results and builds on the concept that the insula and dorsal striatum work in concert to maintain nicotine dependence. Specifically, dorsal striatal-mediated habitual responding may be triggered both by the external drug-associated cues, and the insula-mediated internal states that provide additional context motivating drug use. This replicated finding also mirrors preclinical work that finds the same individualized distinction, as only some rodents attribute incentive salience to drug cues and are more likely to reinstate drug seeking after extinction. To effectively treat addiction, these individual characteristics and their underlying neurobiological foundations must be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. C. Janes
- McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J. M. Gilman
- Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA,Athinoula A. Martinos Center in Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, MGH, Charlestown, MA, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M. Radoman
- Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA
| | - G. Pachas
- Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M. Fava
- Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A. E. Evins
- Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Stoeckel LE, Garrison KA, Ghosh S, Wighton P, Hanlon CA, Gilman JM, Greer S, Turk-Browne NB, deBettencourt MT, Scheinost D, Craddock C, Thompson T, Calderon V, Bauer CC, George M, Breiter HC, Whitfield-Gabrieli S, Gabrieli JD, LaConte SM, Hirshberg L, Brewer JA, Hampson M, Van Der Kouwe A, Mackey S, Evins AE. Optimizing real time fMRI neurofeedback for therapeutic discovery and development. Neuroimage Clin 2014; 5:245-55. [PMID: 25161891 PMCID: PMC4141981 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
While reducing the burden of brain disorders remains a top priority of organizations like the World Health Organization and National Institutes of Health, the development of novel, safe and effective treatments for brain disorders has been slow. In this paper, we describe the state of the science for an emerging technology, real time functional magnetic resonance imaging (rtfMRI) neurofeedback, in clinical neurotherapeutics. We review the scientific potential of rtfMRI and outline research strategies to optimize the development and application of rtfMRI neurofeedback as a next generation therapeutic tool. We propose that rtfMRI can be used to address a broad range of clinical problems by improving our understanding of brain–behavior relationships in order to develop more specific and effective interventions for individuals with brain disorders. We focus on the use of rtfMRI neurofeedback as a clinical neurotherapeutic tool to drive plasticity in brain function, cognition, and behavior. Our overall goal is for rtfMRI to advance personalized assessment and intervention approaches to enhance resilience and reduce morbidity by correcting maladaptive patterns of brain function in those with brain disorders. Guidelines are proposed for studies of rtfMRI neurofeedback for clinical therapeutics. Evidence-based guidelines are needed for clinical trials of rtfMRI neurofeedback. These guidelines will shape the design of future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- L E Stoeckel
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, USA ; Harvard Medical School, USA ; Athinoula A. Martinos Center, USA ; McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA
| | - K A Garrison
- Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, USA
| | - S Ghosh
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA
| | - P Wighton
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center, USA ; Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Radiology, USA
| | - C A Hanlon
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of South Carolina, USA
| | - J M Gilman
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, USA ; Harvard Medical School, USA ; Athinoula A. Martinos Center, USA
| | - S Greer
- Department of Neuroscience, University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | | | | | - D Scheinost
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, USA
| | | | - T Thompson
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA
| | - V Calderon
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, USA
| | - C C Bauer
- Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Instituto de Neurobiologia, Mexico
| | - M George
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of South Carolina, USA
| | - H C Breiter
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, USA ; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, USA
| | - S Whitfield-Gabrieli
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA
| | - J D Gabrieli
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA
| | - S M LaConte
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Tech, USA ; Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, USA
| | - L Hirshberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, USA
| | - J A Brewer
- Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, USA ; Department of Medicine and Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, USA
| | - M Hampson
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, USA
| | - A Van Der Kouwe
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center, USA ; Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Radiology, USA
| | - S Mackey
- Department of Anesthesia, Stanford University School of Medicine, USA
| | - A E Evins
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, USA ; Harvard Medical School, USA
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