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Interactive effects of long-term management of crop residue and phosphorus fertilization on wheat productivity and soil health in the rice-wheat. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1399. [PMID: 38228839 PMCID: PMC10791631 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51399-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
In the context of degradation of soil health, environmental pollution, and yield stagnation in the rice-wheat system in the Indo-Gangetic Plains of South Asia, an experiment was established in split plot design to assess the long-term effect of crop residue management on productivity and phosphorus requirement of wheat in rice-wheat system. The experiment comprised of six crop residue management practices as the main treatment factor with three levels (0, 30 and 60 kg P2O5 ha-1) of phosphorus fertilizer as sub-treatments. Significant improvement in soil aggregation, bulk density, and infiltration rate was observed under residue management (retention/incorporation) treatments compared to residue removal or residue burning. Soil organic carbon (SOC), available nutrient content (N, P, and K), microbial count, and enzyme activities were also significantly higher in conservation tillage and residue-treated plots than without residue/burning treatments. The residue derived from both crops when was either retained/incorporated improved the soil organic carbon (0.80%) and resulted in a significant increase in SOC (73.9%) in the topsoil layer as compared to the conventional practice. The mean effect studies revealed that crop residue management practices and phosphorus levels significantly influenced wheat yield attributes and productivity. The higher grain yield of wheat was recorded in two treatments, i.e. the basal application of 60 kg P2O5 ha-1 without residue incorporation and the other with half the P-fertilizer (30 kg P2O5 ha-1) with rice residue only. The grain yield of wheat where the rice and wheat residue were either retained/incorporated without phosphorus application was at par with 30 and 60 kg P2O5ha-1. Phosphorus levels also significantly affected wheat productivity and available P content in the soil. Therefore, results suggested that crop residue retention following the conservation tillage approach improved the yield of wheat cultivated in the rice-wheat cropping system.
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Low language capacity in childhood: A systematic review of prevalence estimates. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE & COMMUNICATION DISORDERS 2024; 59:124-142. [PMID: 37563793 DOI: 10.1111/1460-6984.12944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Epidemiological studies have provided invaluable insight into the origin and impact of low language skills in childhood and adolescence. However, changing terminology and diagnostic guidelines have contributed to variable estimations of the prevalence of developmental language difficulties. The aim of this review was to profile the extent and variability of low language prevalence estimates through a systematic review of epidemiological literature. METHODS A systematic review of the empirical research (August 2022) was undertaken to identify studies that aimed to estimate the prevalence of low language skills in children (<18 years). A total of 19 studies published between 1980-2022 met inclusion criteria for review. RESULTS Studies reported prevalence estimates of low language skills in children between 1 and 16 years. Estimated rates varied from 0.4% to 25.2%. More stable estimations were observed in studies of children aged 5 years and older and those that applied updated diagnostic criteria to performance on standardised assessments of receptive and expressive language. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The estimated prevalence of low language skills in childhood varies considerably in the literature. Application of updated diagnostic criteria, including the assessment of functional impact, is critical to inform advocacy efforts and govern social, health and educational policies. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS What is already known on the subject Epidemiological research has informed our understanding of the origin and impact of low language capacity in childhood. Childhood language disorder is met with a rich history of evolving terminology and diagnostic guidelines to identify children with low language skills. Inconsistent definitions of and methods to identify low language in children have resulted in variable prevalence estimates in population-based studies. Variability in prevalence estimates impacts advocacy efforts to inform social, health and educational policy for child language disorder. What this study adds A total of 19 studies published at the time of this review aimed to provide estimates of the proportion of children who experience low language skills. Prevalence estimates varied between 0.4% and 25.2%, with more stable estimates reported in studies of older school-age children and those which utilised standardised assessments of both expressive and receptive language. Few studies utilised assessments of functional impact of language difficulties, which is misaligned with updated diagnostic criteria for child language disorder. What are the clinical implications of this work? This review reports substantial variability in estimates of the proportion of children and adolescents who live with low language skills. This variability underscores the importance of applying updated diagnostic criteria to identify the prevalence low language in childhood. Efforts to estimate the prevalence of low language must include measures of functional impact of low language skills. This aligns with clinical recommendations, which call for routine assessment of functional outcomes. To this end, we require a unified understanding of the term 'functional impact' in the context of low language, including the development and evaluation of measures that assess impact across emotional, social and academic domains.
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UbiSeCEF: Ubilab's Secure Cloud Environment Framework for Public Health Research. Eur J Public Health 2023; 33:ckad160.1209. [PMCID: PMC10595642 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckad160.1209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Issue/Problem The adoption of cloud-based public health research over personal health data in an academic setting in Canada is still in its early stages and lacks the necessary maturity to handle such technologies. This can be attributed to the fact that many public health researchers lack the required IT knowledge to set up and use these environments securely and effectively. Description of Problem The lack of expertise among public health researchers in Canada has led to a slow adoption of cloud-based public health research. This has resulted in a significant gap between the potential benefits of cloud-based research and the current state of practice. To address this challenge, we propose Ubilab's Secure Cloud Environment Framework (UbiSeCEF) as guidelines for those interested in conducting similar public research. Results UbiSeCEF's components were developed with consideration given to requirements from stakeholders, Ubilab's operations and data objectives, state-of-the-art technologies, and laws and standards that regulate public health research and personal health data sharing. The framework utilizes Azure's data governance framework, virtual private networks (VPN), role-based authentication, and policy-based access to control access to resources and research data. The implementation of UbiSeCEF provides a secure, flexible, and efficient environment for cloud-based public health research. Lessons The lack of IT expertise among public health researchers can hinder the adoption of cloud-based public health research. To address this challenge, the development of frameworks like UbiSeCEF can provide guidance for secure and effective implementation. The use of state-of-the-art technologies and compliance with laws and standards that regulate public health research and personal health data sharing can greatly enhance the quality and reliability of research outcomes while ensuring the protection of personal health data. Key messages • Framework developed to enhance secure & effective adoption of cloud-based public health research by addressing lack of IT expertise among researchers. • The research aims to assist other researchers and institutions in navigating the complexities of cloud-based public health research while maintaining the privacy and security of public heath data.
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Public health monitoring of behavioural risk factors in USA: An exploratory study. Eur J Public Health 2023; 33:ckad160.574. [PMCID: PMC10595590 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckad160.574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic's restrictions had a significant impact on behavioural markers such as physical, sedentary and sleep activity. The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System is a key data source for public health surveillance in the USA but is limited by subjectivity and data quality, and new-generation data sources like Fitbits face challenges with battery life and data access. This research study aims to use zero-effort technology and IoT-based big data to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on population-level behavioural changes in USA. Methods The study used a proposed methodology to analyze data from 470 households in New Mexico, USA, using the DYD dataset from Donate your Data initiative by ecobee (a smart thermostat company). The Microsoft Azure data lake is used for the storage of raw data and the Azure databricks is used for data pre-processing, processing, and analysis. The Gaussian mixture model is used to identify sleep parameters by segmenting the sleep cycle records into different clusters. The quantity of sleep is measured by a motion sensor based on the absence of movement, and an increase in sensor activation indicates longer duration of household occupancy. Results The findings show significant changes at the household and population level for the selected behavioural health indicators (sleep-time, wake-up time, time spent indoors, time spent outdoors) during COVID-19 pandemic, which could be attributed to the policy changes implemented to curb the spread of COVID-19. The study findings are shown by 1) heatmap visualizations at the household level showing trends for the selected indicators during the Covid-19 pandemic; and 2) statistical analysis indicating a significant difference in selected behavioural health indicators before and during the pandemic. Conclusions These innovative data analytics have the potential to provide real-time insights and alert system activation to monitor, promote, and improve public health. Key messages • Sleep health analysis using IoT data is a novel method of measuring public health indicators objectively using zero effort technology. • The available evidence from this study can further offer surveillance systems with near-real-time behavioral markers; alert system activation; and measure short- and long-term impact policy changes.
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Sex differences in minutiae frequencies of thumbprint with respect to dermatoglyphic patterns. LA CLINICA TERAPEUTICA 2023; 174:257-260. [PMID: 37199361 DOI: 10.7417/ct.2023.2531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Abstract The present study is an attempt to study the sex differences in minutiae frequencies of thumbprint with respect to dermatoglyphic patterns. A sample of 100 subjects (50 males and 50 females) were gathered from Shimla, Himachal Pradesh (North India). In regards to pattern type, maximum number of minutiae was present in loop pat-tern followed by whorls and least minutiae were in the arches in the right hand of both the sexes and left hand of females only, whereas in left hand of the males highest frequency of minutiae were noticed in whorls followed by loops and lowest in the arches, thereby indicating the lessened bimanual symmetry in males. It can be inferred from the present study that the simple pattern (arch) has less discontinuance in the regular flow of the ridges, while the complex patterns (loops and whorls) exhibited more interruptions in the dermal ridges.
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Dermaplaning for Transdermal Drug Permeation Enhancement: A Qualitative and Quantitative Assessment. AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 24:54. [PMID: 36725790 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02505-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we sought to investigate the effect of dermaplaning, a popular cosmeceutical skin rejuvenation technique on the permeation of drugs. Baclofen and diclofenac were used as hydrophilic and hydrophobic model drugs, respectively. A specific area of skin was treated with 4 strokes of a dermaplane device. Interindividual variability was assessed by having multiple users operate the device for the study. Dermaplaned skin was histologically evaluated and characterized for resistance drop and the depletion of the stratum corneum (SC). The effect of dermaplaning on drug permeation was investigated via in vitro permeation studies. Histology studies depicted the removal of SC and some parts of viable epidermis by dermaplaning. A significant drop in electrical resistance post skin dermaplaning was observed for all treatment groups, signifying the depletion of barrier properties of SC (p < 0.05). Consequently, significant drug flux and permeation were observed over 24 h for the model drugs across dermaplaned skin. However, varied absorption profile was observed in vitro for both drugs across dermaplaned skin. Dermaplaning displayed a better suitability for significantly enhancing the permeation of the hydrophilic drug, baclofen. Evidence of variation in results post dermaplaning was observed amidst multiple users as well (p < 0.05).
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Unilateral sacral erector spinae plane block for lower limb surgery in children. Anaesth Rep 2022; 10:e12199. [PMID: 36530341 PMCID: PMC9751388 DOI: 10.1002/anr3.12199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The erector spinae plane block is a versatile regional anaesthesia technique used for a variety of truncal surgeries. A novel variation is the sacral erector spinae plane block which is gaining popularity for perineal and anorectal procedures. Local anaesthetic injected at this level blocks the sacral dermatomes and has the potential for more proximal spread to involve lumbar nerve fibres via spread to the lumbar plexus or the epidural space. The advantage of a sacral erector spinae plane block over a neuraxial block is that it is less invasive and may have a better safety profile: there is a reduced risk of epidural haematoma, epidural abscess, haemodynamic instability and motor weakness of the lower extremities. Until now, this approach has been used for midline surgical procedures when the local anaesthetic was injected bilaterally. Its application for lower limb procedures with a single unilateral injection has not been described. We report the use of a unilateral sacral erector spinae plane block at the level of the S2 median crest in two children undergoing lower limb procedures of the hip and thigh. The block was found to provide effective peri-operative analgesia with minimal need for any opioid analgesics and without any significant adverse effects.
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Omomyc downregulates MYC transcriptional signature in preclinical models of solid tumours and shows long half-life in tumour tissue. Eur J Cancer 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(22)00918-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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193 The Incremental Value of Sex in Addition to the History, Electrocardiogram, Age, and Risk Factors (HEAR) Score and High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin for 30-day Major Adverse Cardiac Events. Ann Emerg Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2022.08.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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MYC inhibition by Omomyc as a therapeutic strategy for (KRAS-mutated) colorectal cancer. Eur J Cancer 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(22)00866-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Impact of talk test based aerobic exercise on glycaemic control and anthropometric measures among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. COMPARATIVE EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.3920/cep220004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterised by the chronic hyperglycaemia which leads to various micro and macrovascular complications. The aim of present study was to evaluate the impact of talk test based aerobic exercise on glycaemic control and anthropometric measures among adults with (T2DM). In this double blind randomised controlled trial (RCT), aerobic exercises/walking was used as intervention. The patients were divided into three groups based on the tool of exercise intensity prescription: a talk test-based group (TTG, n=30), a rating of perceived exertion-based group (RPEG, n=30), and a control group (CG, n=30). Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) was evaluated at baseline and after 8 weeks. Anthropometric measures, i.e. body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC) were evaluated at baseline, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks. Wilcoxon rank-sum/repeated measure of ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis test/ANOVA were used for within and between group comparison, respectively, on the basis of normality of the data. The mean HbA1c change in TTG, RPEG, and CG was -0.29, -0.28, and -0.04, respectively, and it was significantly greater in TTG and RPEG as compared to CG. The reduction of HbA1c, BMI, and WC was reported in each group. However, the reduction in the experimental groups, i.e. TTG and RPEG was significantly greater than in the control group (P≤0.01). However, there was no significant difference found between the experimental groups (P>0.05). TT based aerobic exercise is effective in improving glycaemic control and anthropometric measures. Therefore, TT can be used for the exercise prescription of these patients. The study is registered at the Clinical Trial Registry-India under no. CTRI/2019/02/017531.
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Sustained drug delivery strategies for treatment of common substance use disorders: Promises and challenges. J Control Release 2022; 348:970-1003. [PMID: 35752256 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Substance use disorders (SUDs) are a leading cause of death and other ill health effects in the United States and other countries in the world. Several approaches ranging from detoxification, behavioral therapy, and the use of antagonists or drugs with counter effects are currently being applied for its management. Amongst these, drug therapy is the mainstay for some drug abuse incidences, as is in place specifically for opioid abuse or alcohol dependence. The severity of the havocs observed with the SUDs has triggered constant interest in the discovery and development of novel medications as well as suitable or most appropriate methods for the delivery of these agents. The chronic need of such drugs in users warrants the need for their prolonged or sustained systemic availability. Further, the need to improve patient tolerance to medication, limit invasive drug use and overall treatment outcome are pertinent considerations for embracing sustained release designs for medications used in managing SUDs. This review aims to provide an overview on up-to-date advances made with regards to sustained delivery systems for the drugs for treatment of different types of SUDs such as opioid, alcohol, tobacco, cocaine, and cannabis use disorders. The clinical relevance, promises and the limitations of deployed sustained release approaches along with future opportunities are discussed.
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MeQryEP: A Texture Based Descriptor for Biomedical Image Retrieval. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2022; 2022:9505229. [PMID: 35449840 PMCID: PMC9017451 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9505229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Image texture analysis is a dynamic area of research in computer vision and image processing, with applications ranging from medical image analysis to image segmentation to content-based image retrieval and beyond. "Quinary encoding on mesh patterns (MeQryEP)" is a new approach to extracting texture features for indexing and retrieval of biomedical images, which is implemented in this work. An extension of the previous study, this research investigates the use of local quinary patterns (LQP) on mesh patterns in three different orientations. To encode the gray scale relationship between the central pixel and its surrounding neighbors in a two-dimensional (2D) local region of an image, binary and nonbinary coding, such as local binary patterns (LBP), local ternary patterns (LTP), and LQP, are used, while the proposed strategy uses three selected directions of mesh patterns to encode the gray scale relationship between the surrounding neighbors for a given center pixel in a 2D image. An innovative aspect of the proposed method is that it makes use of mesh image structure quinary pattern features to encode additional spatial structure information, resulting in better retrieval. On three different kinds of benchmark biomedical data sets, analyses have been completed to assess the viability of MeQryEP. LIDC-IDRI-CT and VIA/I-ELCAP-CT are the lung image databases based on computed tomography (CT), while OASIS-MRI is a brain database based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This method outperforms state-of-the-art texture extraction methods, such as LBP, LQEP, LTP, LMeP, LMeTerP, DLTerQEP, LQEQryP, and so on in terms of average retrieval precision (ARP) and average retrieval rate (ARR).
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Effect of subjective tool based aerobic exercise on pulmonary functions in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus – a feasibility RCT. COMPARATIVE EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.3920/cep210049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Literature has proved the benefit of exercise on pulmonary functions among the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, objective tools of exercise intensity prescription have been used in previous trials. The trials to explore the effectiveness of subjective tools-based exercise on pulmonary functions among these patients are scarce. The purpose of this study was to explore the feasibility of subjective tools-based exercise among patients with T2DM. Another objective was to see the effectiveness of this kind of exercise on pulmonary functions among patients with T2DM. 49 patients were randomly allotted to three groups, talk test group (TTG, n=16); rating of perceived exertion group (RPEG, n=16); and control group (CG, n=17). Subjects were evaluated for five progression criteria. The intervention period for the groups was 8 weeks. Recruitment and retention rate was 62.82 and 75.5%, respectively. Adherence rate was 67.34% and 58.91% for supervised and unsupervised sessions, respectively. 78.38% of the patients were available for post-intervention outcome evaluation. A significant increase in pulmonary functions in both the experimental groups (P=0.00) was found after 8 weeks of training. This study provides evidence that a trial of this nature is feasible with a few amendments in methodology. Additionally, the study also concluded that the subjective tool based aerobic exercise may be effective in improving pulmonary functions among patients with T2DM. Trial registration at Clinical Trial Registry-India: CTRI/2019/02/017531.
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High-content phenotypic screening identifies novel chemistries that disrupt mosquito activity and development. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 182:105037. [PMID: 35249647 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
New classes of chemistries are needed to control insecticide resistant populations of mosquitoes and prevent transmission of vector-borne diseases (VBDs). Organismal screens of chemical collections have played an important role in the search for new vector insecticides and the identification of active ingredients (AIs) that cause rapid mortality of mosquitoes. Advances in image-based screening offer an opportunity to identify chemistries that operate via novel biochemical modes and investigate the range of phenotypes exhibited by mosquitoes following exposure to lethal and sub-lethal chemical dose. An automated, high throughput phenotypic screen (HTS) employing high-content imaging of first instar (L1) Aedes aegypti larvae was developed to identify chemistries associated with mortality and atypical morphological phenotypes. A pilot screen of the Library of Pharmacologically Active Compounds (LOPAC1280) identified 92 chemistries that disrupted larval activity and development, including conventional insecticides and chemistries known to modulate G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and other molecular targets in mammalian systems. Secondary assay series were used to evaluate a selection of chemistries for impacts on mosquito activity, survival and development. Ritodrine hydrochloride reduced mobility of larvae but had no observable effect on survival and development of mosquitoes. High doses of metergoline suppressed larval activity and sub-lethal dose resulted in pupal mortality. Assay data support the utility of phenotypic screening and diverse entomological end-points for discovery of novel insecticidal chemical scaffolds. The insecticide discovery process must consider how multi-modal efficacy spectra contribute to vector and VBD control.
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POS-171 MYO-INOSITOL OXYGENASE (MIOX) & YES-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN (YAP) IN COMMUNITY ACQUIRED ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY. Kidney Int Rep 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2022.01.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Pressure-tensor method evaluation of the interfacial tension between Gay-Berne isotropic fluid and a smooth repulsive wall. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:10566-10579. [PMID: 34779475 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm01293b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The interfacial properties of a confined thermotropic liquid crystalline material are investigated using a molecular dynamics simulation technique. The pairwise interaction among the soft ellipsoidal particles is modeled by the Gay-Berne (GB) potential. The GB ellipsoids are confined by two soft, smooth, repulsive walls defined by the Weeks-Chandler-Andersen (WCA) potential. The aperiodic confinement due to walls makes the system mechanically anisotropic. Hence using the pressure-tensor method, the interfacial tension of an interface between the bulk isotropic (I) phase and WCA wall at various number densities (ρ) is calculated. From the pressure tensor and orientational order profiles, the arrangement of ellipsoids in the bulk and the vicinity of the wall is determined. The effect of system size and the wall-particle interaction strength (εW) on is also analyzed by varying the system size and εW.
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Effect of type 1 tympanoplasty on the quality of life of patients suffering from chronic otitis media (safe type). Niger J Clin Pract 2021; 24:1641-1644. [PMID: 34782502 DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_23_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Chronic otitis media (COM) remains a major public health issue and is associated with relentless discharge from the ear, pain, significant functional limitation of hearing, leading to communication problems and frequent specialist visits. Aims To assess the improvement in quality of life of patients of COM (safe type) and surgical success in terms of graft uptake and improvement in hearing. Patients and Methods A prospective questionnaire-based outcome study was directed in 100 patients with COM who were treated with Type I Tympanoplasty at our institution between May 2018 and May 2020. All patients were asked to fill Modified Chronic Otitis Media 4 (COM-4) survey before operation and 3 months after operation. Preoperative and postoperative total ear scores, audiological results, postoperative graft uptake were assessed. Results The correlation between preoperative and postoperative assessment by questionnaire was statistically critical (P < 0.001). There was significant improvement in hearing postoperatively (P < 0.001). Effective graft uptake was seen in 80%. Conclusion The current study emphasizes that Type 1 Tympanoplasty fundamentally improves quality of life of patients in terms of physical suffering, hearing loss, emotional distress postoperatively.
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A QUANTITATIVE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN A ULK4 GENE POLYMORPHISM AND ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION IN CAUCASIAN FEMALES. Can J Cardiol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2021.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Comparative efficacy and safety of acetaminophen, topical and oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for knee osteoarthritis: evidence from a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and real-world data. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2021; 29:1242-1251. [PMID: 34174454 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Current global guidelines regarding the first-line analgesics (acetaminophen, topical or oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [NSAIDs]) for knee osteoarthritis remain controversial and their comparative risk-benefit profiles have yet to be adequately assessed. DESIGN Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched from database inception to March 2021 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing acetaminophen, topical NSAIDs and oral NSAIDs directly or indirectly in knee osteoarthritis. Bayesian network meta-analyses were conducted. A propensity-score matched cohort study was also conducted among patients with knee osteoarthritis in The Health Improvement Network database. RESULTS 122 RCTs (47,113 participants) were networked. Topical NSAIDs were superior to acetaminophen (standardized mean difference [SMD] = -0.29, 95% credible interval [CrI]: -0.52 to -0.06) and not statistically different from oral NSAIDs (SMD = 0.03, 95% CrI: -0.16 to 0.22) for function. It had lower risk of gastrointestinal adverse effects (AEs) than acetaminophen (risk ratio [RR] = 0.52, 95%CrI: 0.35 to 0.76) and oral NSAIDs (RR = 0.46, 95%CrI: 0.34 to 0.61) in RCTs. In real-world data, topical NSAIDs showed lower risks of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.59, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.52 to 0.68), cardiovascular diseases (HR = 0.73, 95%CI: 0.63 to 0.85) and gastrointestinal bleeding (HR = 0.53, 95%CI: 0.41 to 0.69) than acetaminophen during the one-year follow-up (n = 22,158 participants/group). A better safety profile was also observed for topical than oral NSAIDs (n = 14,218 participants/group). CONCLUSIONS Topical NSAIDs are more effective than acetaminophen but not oral NSAIDs for function improvement in people with knee osteoarthritis. Topical NSAIDs are safer than acetaminophen or oral NSAIDs in trials and real-world data.
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1481P Predictors for 30-day readmission in patients with pancreatic cancer who had DNR code status. Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.08.808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Interfacial stiffness of nematic-smectic B interface in Gay-Berne liquid crystals using capillary wave theory. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:044901. [PMID: 34340369 DOI: 10.1063/5.0049498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The interfacial stiffness for nematic-smectic B (nm-smB) interface in a liquid crystalline (LC) material is calculated using Capillary Wave Theory (CWT) and molecular dynamics simulations. The Gay-Berne (GB) pair potential with parameters κ, κ', μ, and ν equal to 3, 5, 2, and 1 is used to model the LC material. Using a smart three-step recipe, we have obtained an nm-smB phase coexistence in our simulations where the nm and smB directors are nearly parallel to each other and perpendicular to the interface normal. The density profiles are used to compute the nm-smB coexisting density range, the interfacial width, and its position. The smectic phase is differentiated from the nematic phase by using the local bond order parameter (q6q6), which has helped us to demonstrate that the interface is indeed rough. Finally, the interfacial stiffness of the nm-smB interface is computed by following the CWT analysis and is found to be γ̃nm-smB=0.39861kBT/σee 2=0.04429/σss 2, where σee and σss are the length and diameter of the GB LC particles.
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Synovitis and bone marrow lesions associate with symptoms and radiographic progression in hand osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2021; 29:946-955. [PMID: 33895290 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2021.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To systematically review observational studies for the association between features detected on ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and, symptoms, signs and radiographic progression of hand osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS Medline, Web of Science, EMBASE, CINAHL and AMED were searched from inception to 14th January 2020 to identify relevant studies. Quality of studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scales and data were extracted. Odds ratios (OR) and linear regression coefficients and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were pooled using the random-effects model (METAN package, Stata v16.1). Heterogeneity and publication bias were assessed. RESULTS Thirty-two studies using US and MRI comprising 1,350 and 638 participants respectively were included. While only grey-scale synovitis (GSS) associated with AUSCAN-pain (pooled Regression coefficient (95% CI): 0.46 (0.13-0.79); 0-20 scale for AUSCAN-pain), US-detected osteophytes, GSS and power Doppler (PD) [pooled ORs (95% CI): 2.68(2.16-3.33), 2.38(1.74-3.26) and 2.04 (1.45-2.88)] as well as MRI-detected bone marrow lesions (BMLs), synovitis, osteophytes, and central bone erosions (CBEs) associated with joint tenderness [pooled ORs (95% CI): 2.59(2.12-3.18), 2.17(1.85-2.54), 2.15(1.55-2.99), and 2.41 (1.45-4.02)] respectively. US-detected GSS and PD associated with radiographic progression of CBEs [pooled ORs 5.37, 5.08], osteophytes [pooled ORs 5.17, 6.45], and joint space narrowing (pooled ORs 4.28, 4.36) whilst MRI-detected synovitis and BMLs associated with increasing KL grades with pooled ORs 2.92, 2.54 respectively. CONCLUSIONS US and MRI-detected structural and inflammatory changes associate with tenderness, whilst articular inflammation and subchondral bone damage associate with radiographic hand OA progression. There was inconsistent relationship between these changes and pain.
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Bio-therapeutics from human milk: prospects and perspectives. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 131:2669-2687. [PMID: 33740837 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human milk is elixir for neonates and is a rich source of nutrients and beneficial microbiota required for infant growth and development. Its benefits prompted research into probing the milk components and their use as prophylactic or therapeutic agents. Culture-independent estimation of milk microbiome and high-resolution identification of milk components provide information, but a holistic purview of these research domains is lacking. Here, we review the current research on bio-therapeutic components of milk and simplified future directions for its efficient usage. Publicly available databases such as PubMed and Google scholar were searched for keywords such as probiotics and prebiotics related to human milk, microbiome and milk oligosaccharides. This was further manually curated for inclusion and exclusion criteria relevant to human milk and clinical efficacy. The literature was classified into subgroups and then discussed in detail to facilitate understanding. Although milk research is still in infancy, it is clear that human milk has many functions including protection of infants by passive immunization through secreted antibodies, and transfer of immune regulators, cytokines and bioactive peptides. Unbiased estimates show that the human milk carries a complex community of microbiota which serves as the initial inoculum for establishment of infant gut. Our search effectively screened for evidence that shows that milk also harbours many types of prebiotics such as human milk oligosaccharides which encourage growth of beneficial probiotics. The milk also trains the naive immune system of the infant by supplying immune cells and stimulatory factors, thereby strengthening mucosal and systemic immune system. Our systematic review would improve understanding of human milk and the inherent complexity and diversity of human milk. The interrelated functional role of human milk components especially the oligosaccharides and microbiome has been discussed which plays important role in human health.
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Isolated aquagenic acrokeratoderma of dorsal hands. J Postgrad Med 2021; 67:184-185. [PMID: 33707399 PMCID: PMC8445118 DOI: 10.4103/jpgm.jpgm_779_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Olfactory and taste dysfunction in coronavirus disease 2019 patients: its prevalence and outcomes. J Laryngol Otol 2020; 134:1-5. [PMID: 33190657 PMCID: PMC7729152 DOI: 10.1017/s0022215120002467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the occurrence, clinical course and outcomes of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction in patients with laboratory confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 infection. METHODS This is a prospective cross-sectional study of patients diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 infection by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction over two months. The epidemiological and clinical outcomes studied were: age, sex, general symptoms, and olfactory and taste dysfunction. RESULTS A total of 410 coronavirus disease 2019 infected patients were included in the study, with 262 males (63.9 per cent) and 148 females (36.1 per cent). Ninety-nine patients (24.1 per cent) reported chemosensory dysfunction, of which 85 patients (20.7 per cent) reported both olfactory and taste dysfunction. Olfactory and taste dysfunction were proportionally more common in females. The mean duration of olfactory and taste dysfunction was 4.9 days, with a range of 2-15 days. CONCLUSION Olfactory and taste dysfunction are prevalent symptoms in coronavirus disease 2019 patients. In this study, they were more common in females than males. The occurrence of such dysfunctions is lower in the Indian population than in the European population.
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Klotho gene polymorphism in renal stone formers from Northwestern India. Urolithiasis 2020; 49:195-199. [PMID: 33174123 DOI: 10.1007/s00240-020-01226-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Klotho gene is an important gene involved in calcium homeostasis, and polymorphisms of this gene may render the individual prone to renal stone formation. We evaluated G395A single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of Klotho gene at rs1207568 in renal stone patients of North India. This was a prospective study involving 150 patients of renal stone disease (aged 15-60 years) and 100 age- and sex-matched controls. The DNA was isolated and subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for identifying the G395A Klotho SNPs at rs1207568. Confronting two pair primers were used, and gel electrophoresis showing two bands at 175,252 bp was considered as GG genotype, three bands at 121,175 and 252 bp as GA and two bands at 121 and 252 bp as AA genotype. The association between genotype and cases was evaluated by using Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis. Cases and controls were well matched for age (40.65 vs 42.06, p = 0.063) and sex (p = 0.420). Significantly high proportion of patients with renal stones had GG genotype as compared to controls (odds ratio (OR) 2.37(1.39,4.03), p = 0.001). None of the participants (cases and controls) had homozygous recessive AA genotype. The risk of stone formation was significantly higher in the population carrying G allele {OR 1.94 (1.225-3.073), p 0.004}. Mean serum calcium was higher in stone formers with GG genotype as compared to those with GA genotype (9.16 mg/dl vs 8.91 mg/dl; p = 0.06). GG genotype of G396A Klotho gene SNPs is associated with renal stone formation. The G allele carrier is twice at risk of renal stone formation. The absence of AA genotype in north-western Indian population remains a curiosity.
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Gastrointestinal stress as innate defence against microbial attack. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 130:1035-1061. [PMID: 32869386 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract has been bestowed with the most difficult task of protecting the underlying biological compartments from the resident commensal flora and the potential pathogens in transit through the GI tract. It has a unique environment in which several defence tactics are at play while maintaining homeostasis and health. The GI tract shows myriad number of environmental extremes, which includes pH variations, anaerobic conditions, nutrient limitations, elevated osmolarity etc., which puts a check to colonization and growth of nonfriendly microbial strains. The GI tract acts as a highly selective barrier/platform for ingested food and is the primary playground for balance between the resident and uninvited organisms. This review focuses on antimicrobial defense mechanisms of different sections of human GI tract. In addition, the protective mechanisms used by microbes to combat the human GI defence systems are also discussed. The ability to survive this innate defence mechanism determines the capability of probiotic or pathogen strains to confer health benefits or induce clinical events respectively.
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Role of water in cyclooxygenase catalysis and design of anti-inflammatory agents targeting two sites of the enzyme. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10764. [PMID: 32612190 PMCID: PMC7329864 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67655-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
While designing the anti-inflammatory agents targeting cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), we first identified a water loop around the heme playing critical role in the enzyme catalysis. The results of molecular dynamic studies supported by the strong hydrogen-bonding equilibria of the participating atoms, radical stabilization energies, the pKa of the H-donor/acceptor sites and the cyclooxygenase activity of pertinent muCOX-2 ravelled the working of the water–peptide channel for coordinating the flow of H·/electron between the heme and Y385. Based on the working of H·/electron transfer channel between the 12.5 Å distant radical generation and the radical disposal sites, a series of molecules was designed and synthesized. Among this category of compounds, an appreciably potent anti-inflammatory agent exhibiting IC50 0.06 μM against COX-2 and reversing the formalin induced analgesia and carageenan induced inflammation in mice by 90% was identified. Further it was revealed that, justifying its bidentate design, the compound targets water loop (heme bound site) and the arachidonic acid binding pockets of COX-2.
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OP0066 IMAGING-DETECTED FEATURES OF HAND OSTEOARTHRITIS ASSOCIATE WITH SYMPTOMS AND RADIOGRAPHIC CHANGE OVER TIME: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS OF OBSERVATIONAL STUDIES. Ann Rheum Dis 2020. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.2342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Background:Osteoarthritis (OA) commonly affects joints in the hand. The natural history of hand OA is not well understood, and the local determinants of symptoms and structural changes over time remain unclear.Objectives:To investigate, in both cross-sectional and prospective studies, the association between imaging (ultrasound [US] and magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]) features and symptoms of hand OA, and to examine in prospective studies whether imaging-detected features at baseline predict subsequent clinical and radiographic outcomes.Methods:A systematic literature search was conducted in five databases including Medline, Web of Science, EMBASE, CINAHL and AMED in April 2018. The search was designed to capture published observational studies on the use of US and MRI in hand OA with no language restrictions. Odds ratios (OR), risk ratios (RR), and 95% confidence interval (CI) between [1] imaging features and hand OA symptoms at baseline, and [2] baseline-imaging features and follow-up outcomes were extracted and pooled using random effects model. Outcomes were defined as either incidence or progression of pre-existing features. Risk of bias assessment was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scales. Heterogeneity and publication bias were assessed.Results:The search identified 2818 citations, which reduced to 2216 after duplicate removal. Screening of titles and abstracts found 140 articles which met the inclusion criteria. After full text screening, 25 were included for analysis, including 452 participants (87% women) for US and 298 participants (86% women) for MRI with mean ages 60.3 and 62.5, respectively. Imaging-detected structural OA features were preferentially found in distal interphalangeal joints (DIPJs) followed by carpometacarpal (CMCJ) and proximal interphalangeal (PIPJ) joints. Metacarpophalangeal joints were least affected. However, the distribution pattern was different for inflammatory features for which the CMCJ was the most affected, and with no clear difference between DIPJs and PIPJs (Figure 1).Figure 1.Hand map of grey-scale synovitis derived from pooled estimates of prevalence across studies (%[95% CI])Of 10 US and 5 MRI studies examining association at baseline, joint tenderness was associated with US osteophytes (pooled ORs 2.30, 95% CI 1.90-2.79), grey-scale synovitis (3.00, 2.33-3.84), synovial effusion (2.92, 2.29-3.72), and power Doppler (PD) (2.30, 1.68-3.15). Similar relationships were observed with MRI features (Figure 2). Six studies did not find any association between imaging features and self-reported outcomes. However, association was observed with US- and MRI-detected synovitis in one study each, and MRI-detected structural features in two. Statistical pooling was not possible for these outcomes due to heterogeneous data.Figure 2.Forest plot showing pooled odds ratio between baseline magnetic resonance imaging features of hand osteoarthritis and joint tenderness.Of the 9 US and 5 MRI studies for prediction, a dose-dependent relationship was observed between baseline PD and radiographic change at follow-up (Figure 3). Similar results were observed for MRI features and Kellgren-Lawrence change. The pooled ORs (95% CI) was 2.66 (1.88, 3.78) for bone marrow lesions, and 2.18 (1.53, 3.10) and 4.7 (3.08, 7.18) for grades 1 and 2 synovitis, respectively. Data to predict change in clinical outcomes however, were lacking.Figure 3.Forest plot showing pooled odds ratio between baseline power Doppler and radiographic change over timeConclusion:Imaging-detected inflammatory features and osteophytes associate with joint tenderness. In addition, imaging-detected inflammatory changes at baseline predict future development and progression of structural OA changes, indicating that inflammation may precede radiographically-detectable structural changes.Disclosure of Interests:Abasiama Obotiba: None declared, Subhashisa Swain: None declared, Jaspreet Kaur: None declared, Khalid Yaseen: None declared, Michael Doherty Grant/research support from: AstraZeneca funded the Nottingham Sons of Gout study, Consultant of: Advisory borads on gout for Grunenthal and Mallinckrodt, Weiya Zhang Consultant of: Grunenthal for advice on gout management, Speakers bureau: Bioiberica as an invited speaker for EULAR 2016 satellite symposium, Abhishek Abhishek Grant/research support from: AstraZeneca and OxfordImmunotech, Speakers bureau: Menarini pharmaceuticals
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THU0461 THE COMPARATIVE EFFICACY OF NON-PHARMACOLOGICAL INTERVENTIONS FOR FIBROMYALGIA: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW WITH BAYESIAN NETWORK META-ANALYSIS. Ann Rheum Dis 2020. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background:Non-pharmacological interventions are recommended as first-line treatment options in the management of fibromyalgia (FM)1. However, whether one intervention is more effective than another for specific patient-centred outcomes in FM is unknown.Objectives:To compare the relative efficacy of non-pharmacological interventions on FM impact questionnaire (FIQ), pain, fatigue, sleep and depression in people with FM.Methods:A Bayesian network meta-analysis was conducted. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) assessing any non-pharmacological intervention versus usual care, placebo or active controls in patients with FM aged >16 years were searched for in seven databases. A common comparator was identified between interventions to develop a network (Figure 1). Standardised mean difference (SMD) and 95% credible interval (CrI) was estimated between interventions. Direct and indirect evidence were pooled using the random effect model. Modified Cochrane‘s tool was used to assess risk of bias.Figure 1.Network map of different interventions evaluating FIQResults:78 studies (n = 5,639 participants) met the inclusion criteria. There was a high risk of bias on blinding and most trials had small sample size (n<50).While multidisciplinary treatment (MDT) was the best for improving pain [-1.28 (-1.84, -0.72)], sleep [-1.14 (-2.38, 0.07)] and depression [-1.20 (-1.99, -0.46)], balneotherapy and exercise were the most effective treatments for FIQ [-1.06 (1.51, -0.61)] and fatigue [-0.75 (-1.35, -0.25)], respectively (Figure 2).Figure 2.Standardised mean difference (SMD) versus usual care in descending order for different outcomesData from 47 exercise trials (n = 3,271 participants) were analysed to examine comparative efficacy of different exercise types. Strengthening showed the greatest benefits for FIQ [-0.76 (-1.39, -0.15)], pain [-0.94 (-1.58, -0.29)] and depression [-0.83 (-1.53, -0.14)], whereas aerobic exercise was the best for fatigue [-0.98 (-2.33, 0.18)] and sleep [-0.96 (-2.08, 0.13)] (Table 1).Table 1.Relative effect size between types of exercisesFIQAerobic-0.58(-1.13, -0.03)-0.09(-0.55, 0.36)0.18(-0.44, 0.80)0.12(-0.36, 0.57)-0.57(-0.95, -0.24)-0.60(-1.36, 0.18)Flexibility0.49(-0.23, 1.20)0.76(-0.07, 1.58)0.70(-0.04, 1.41)0.004(-0.67, 0.64)-0.10(-0.74, 0.53)0.49(-0.50, 1.49)Mind-body0.27(-0.37, 0.91)0.20(-0.24, 0.65)-0.49(-0.85, -0.15)0.05(-0.59, 0.70)0.65(-0.35, 1.63)0.16(-0.53, 0.85)Mixed-0.06(-0.73, 0.59)-0.69(-1.06, -0.34)0.21(-0.42, 0.84)0.80(-0.19, 1.79)0.31(-0.41, 1.02)-0.06(-0.73, 0.59)Strengthening-0.76(-1.39, -0.15)-0.73(-1.16, -0.30)-0.13(-1.02, 0.74)-0.62(-1.15, -0.11)-0.78(-1.31, -0.26)-0.94(-1.58, -0.29)Usual carePainData are standard mean difference (95% credible intervel) between exercises, pairwised from the top left to the bottom right. The negative value indicates that the first exercise is more effective than the second exercise. For example, aerobic is better than flexibility for FIQ -0.58 (-1.13, -0.13), but not pain -0.60 (-1.36, 0.18).Conclusion:Several non-pharmacological interventions are beneficial for FM. However, the effect size varies between interventions and outcomes. All types of exercises are effective for FIQ and pain apart from flexibility exercise. The results of this study may be used to guide the selection of the most effective non-pharmacological interventions according to the predominant symptom in individual patients.References:[1]Macfarlane GJ et al. Ann Rheum Dis 2017;76(2):3-8-28.Disclosure of Interests: :None declared
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An endophytic Penicillium oxalicum isolated from Citrus limon possesses antioxidant and genoprotective potential. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 128:1400-1413. [PMID: 31841255 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed at isolating endophytic fungi from Citrus limon (L.) possessing antioxidative and genoprotective potential. METHODS AND RESULTS Endophytic fungi were screened for antioxidant activity using 2,2-diphenyl,1-picryl hydrazyl radical scavenging assay and maximum activity (79·70%) was exhibited by culture MP1 identified to be Penicillium oxalicum on the basis of morphological and molecular characteristics. The ethyl acetate extract of MP1 was subjected to silica column chromatography followed by LH 20 column chromatography for purification of active metabolites. The partially purified active fraction of P. oxalicum MP1 possessed good antioxidant activity as detected using various assays. It also exhibited a strong DNA damage protection potential on pUC19 plasmid DNA treated with Fenton reagent. On exposure to active fraction of MP1 significant reduction (P < 0·05) in nuclear deformities (like nuclear buds, micronuclei, nuclear ridges and binucleated cells) was observed in human lymphocytes pretreated with a toxic concentration of H2 O2 . In vivo genoprotectivity studies were conducted in fresh water fish Channa punctatus pretreated with a damaging compound 4-nonyl phenol. The active fraction of P. oxalicum MP1 caused a reduction of 94·7 and 66·60% in micronuclei and aberrant cell formation, respectively. A significant reduction (P < 0·05) in tail length and tail DNA parameters was also observed in comet assay. CONCLUSION The endophytic P. oxalicum isolated in this study has the potential to produce metabolites possessing antioxidant and genoprotective activities. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The isolated culture can be exploited in the field of therapeutics by virtue of its in vitro and in vivo genoprotective potential.
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The utility of dried blood spot monitoring of branched-chain amino acids for maple syrup urine disease: A retrospective chart review study. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 500:195-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Association of BAP1 with ATR protein and their clinical significance with patient outcome in uveal melanoma. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz429.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Methylphenidate - Straightens the Pisa, re-familiarizes the alien, corrects the apraxia. J Neurol Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2019.10.1472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Prognostic significance of c-Rel/p50 heterodimer in the tumor microenvironment of uveal melanoma. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz269.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Abstract
Chorea is a rare manifestation of poisoning. We report an index case of a young woman who developed generalized chorea following propiconazole toxin ingestion. As large series on neurological complications of toxic compounds are difficult to be compiled, it is of interest to report our experience. This report adds one more compound to the increasing list of toxic chorea.
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Abstract
Depression is a neuropsychiatric disorder that affects more than 350 million people all over the world. There are psychological and pharmacological treatments for depression which mainly focus on monoaminergic neurotransmission theory. The main concern regarding available antidepressants is the lag period and other side effects, such as sexual dysfunction. Gepirone is a drug of the azapirone group which is a 5-HT1A receptor agonist belonging to the buspirone family. Gepirone is under clinical development and has been shown to be more effective than selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), as this drug treats the psychiatric disorders without causing sexual dysfunction, which limits the use of SSRIs. It possesses greater selectivity for the 5-HT1A receptor than SSRIs. Clinical studies have shown that gepirone has differential action at pre- and postsynaptic 5-HT1A receptors. Gepirone extended-release tablets (gepirone ER, Travivo) showed promising effects in adult outpatients for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical study. Gepirone also showed an antianxiety effect in a placebo-controlled trial in generalized anxiety disorder. Absorption of gepirone is increased when administered with food as there is no substantial change in Cmax and half-life but it significantly increases AUC and mean residence time. Gepirone undergoes first-pass metabolism and its major metabolites are 1- (2-pyrimidinyl)-piperazine (1-PP) and 3-OH-gepirone, both of which are pharmacologically active. In addition to its better efficacy, gepirone is well tolerated and the major adverse effects observed have been nausea, dizziness and lightheadedness. Evidence from preclinical and clinical studies revealed that gepirone could be a breakthrough therapeutic agent in the treatment of anxiety and MDD.
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A Survey of Efficient Trust Management Schemes in Mobile Ad-Hoc Network. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BUSINESS DATA COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING 2019. [DOI: 10.4018/ijbdcn.2019070103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) are comprised of an arrangement of self-sorting mobile hosts furnished with wireless interaction devices gathered in groups without the need of any settled framework as well as centralized organization to maintain a system over radio connections. Every mobile node can react as a host and also, the router freely utilizes the wireless medium inside the correspondence range to deal with the interaction between huge quantities of individual mobile nodes by framing a correspondence system and trading the information among them without using any described group of the base station. A trust-based model in MANET estimates and sets up trust relationship among objectives. Trust-based routing is utilized to keep away data from different attackers like a wormhole, DOS, black-hole, selfish attack and so forth. Trust can be executed in different steps like reputation, subjective rationale and from the supposition of the neighboring node. A trust estimation approach not just watches the behavior of neighbor nodes, additionally it screens the transmission of the information packet in the identification of the route for exact estimation of trust value. A survey is carried out to find some of the limitations behind the existing works which has been done by the researchers to implement various approaches thus to build the trust management framework. Through the survey, it is observed that existing works focused only on the authenticated transmission of the message, how it transmits packets to the destination node securely using a trust-based scheme. And also, it is observed that the routing approach only focused on the key management issues. Certain limitation observed in the implemented approaches of existing work loses the reliability of framework. Thus, to withstand these issues it is necessary to establish a reliable security framework that protects the information exchanged among the users in a network while detecting various misbehaving attacks among the users. Confidentiality, as well as the integrity of information, can be secured by combining context-aware access control with trust management. The performance parameters should be evaluated with the previous works packet delivery ratio, packet drop, detection accuracy, number of false positives, and overhead.
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Corn starch nanoparticles: Preparation, characterization, and utilization as a fat replacer in salad dressing. ACTA ALIMENTARIA 2019. [DOI: 10.1556/066.2019.48.2.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Abstract P5-18-02: A quantitative centrosomal amplification score (CAS) predicts local recurrence in ductal carcinoma in situ. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs18-p5-18-02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: About 60-80% of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) cases are high-grade (HG) DCIS with an elevated risk of local recurrence (LR) even after a lumpectomy. Patients are often under or over treated due to the lack of accurate recurrence risk prediction models. Current prognostic models such as OncotypeDX and Van Nuys Prognostic Index (VNPI) lack consistency and are limited to a specific subset of patients. Here in this study, we show that the extent of centrosome amplification (CA) in a DCIS lesion can predict the risk of LR after lumpectomy. CA refers to presence of supernumerary or large centrosomes and is a characteristic of pre-invasive lesions, and breast tumors, and promotes erroneous mitoses and chromosomal instability.
Methods: We have pioneered a semi-automated pipeline that integrates immunofluorescence confocal microscopy with digital image analysis and yields a quantitative Centrosomal Amplification Score (CAS) for each patients' tumor sample by evaluating severity and frequency of centrosomal aberrations therein. To this end, we first immunofluorescently stained centrosomes in formalin fixed paraffin embedded resection samples from DCIS patients (discovery cohort n=133 and a validation cohort n=119) using an antibody against γ-tubulin, and co-stained nuclei with DAPI. Next, we imaged the slides and processed the raw 3D image data using IMARIS Biplane 8.2 3D volume rendering software. Finally, we calculated centrosome numbers and volume in ˜250 cells from each patient sample. Using a mathematical algorithm, we generated a composite CAS score for each patient sample by integrating the numerical (CASi) and structural (CASm) aberrations.
Results: We found that DCIS patients with recurrence exhibited higher CAS. Intriguingly, higher CAS was also associated with greater risk of developing ipsilateral breast events [Hazard ratio (HR) =7.58 for discovery cohort and HR=5.8 for validation cohort, p<0.0001] which remained significant (HR=8.5 for discovery and HR=3.39, p<0.0001) after accounting for the confounding factors like age, tumor size, comedo necrosis and radiotherapy. Kaplan Meir survival analysis indicated that high CAS was associated with poor recurrence-free survival (RFS) (p<0.001). For the high and low CAS groups, the 5-year risk of recurrence was 87.5% and 12.5% respectively (p<0.001). In our discovery cohort, a head-to-head comparison of the ability of VNPI and CAS to predict recurrence illuminated that CAS was able to stratify the DCIS group in recurrence and recurrence-free group with much higher significance (p<0.0001) than the Van Nuys Prognostic Index (VNPI) (HRs for CAS- 8.8 vs. VNPI 0.959). Finally, the Harrell's concordance index using SAS PROC PHREG tests yielded that the probability of a patient with poorer/lower RFS to be in the high CAS group is 76.2%.
Conclusion: Our data compellingly show that CAS quantifies the risk of recurrence in DCIS patients with the highest concordance and provides a novel and innovative tool to tailor their treatment based on their risk profile.
Citation Format: Mittal K, Kaur J, Wei G, Toss MS, Osan RM, Janssen EA, Søiland H, Rakha EA, Rida PC, Aneja R. A quantitative centrosomal amplification score (CAS) predicts local recurrence in ductal carcinoma in situ [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-18-02.
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Novel results on a fixed function and their application based on the best approximation of the treatment plan for tumour patients getting intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). PROCEEDINGS OF THE ESTONIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.3176/proc.2019.3.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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A comparative study of gloved versus ungloved merocel ® as nasal pack after septoplasty. Niger J Clin Pract 2018; 21:1391-1395. [PMID: 30417834 DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_414_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Septoplasty or septal reconstruction is a corrective surgical procedure performed to straighten the nasal septum. It may be associated with numerous complications. To minimize these complications, both nasal cavities are frequently packed with different types of nasal packing. Materials and Methods This prospective, observational, and comparative study was undertaken in the Department of ENT, Rajindra Hospital, Patiala, Punjab, India. A total of sixty patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria participated in the study. They were divided into two groups, Groups A and B. After septoplasty, the nasal cavity was packed with gloved Merocel® in Group A and ungloved Merocel® in control group (Group B). The efficacy and patient tolerance for both nasal packings were compared and assessed. The data collected were compiled and analyzed statistically. Results In our study, it was demonstrated that gloved Merocel® produces less pain during pack insertion (P = 0.001) and produces less pain while insertion of pack in situ (P = 0.001) and during pack removal (P = 0.001). Saccharin transit time (STT) returned back to normal in gloved Merocel® group (P = 0.001) in most of patients (27) by the 2nd week, whereas STT in ungloved Merocel® group returned back to normal by the 4th week postoperatively. The differences in impairment in STT between the two groups were found to be statistically significant. There was no statistical significance between both groups for other parameters. Conclusion Gloved Merocel® may be preferred over ungloved Merocel® as nasal packing following septoplasty since both types of packs had similar hemostatic, adhesion prevention properties and similar incidence in postoperative complications and gloved Merocel® produces less pain during its insertion, while it is in situ, during its removal with early recovery of nasal mucociliary clearance mechanism of nose.
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URBAN ECOLOGY, CLIMATE CHANGE, AND AGING. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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P2.11-07 Lung Cancer in a Tertiary Care Setting: So Near, Yet So Far. J Thorac Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2018.08.1353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Exploration of insecticidal potential of an alpha glucosidase enzyme inhibitor from an endophytic Exophiala spinifera. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 125:1455-1465. [PMID: 29877011 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM The present study aimed to isolate and screen endophytes from Trachyspermum ammi with the ability to inhibit alpha glucosidase enzyme and evaluate their insecticidal potential. METHODS AND RESULTS Endophytic fungi isolated from T. ammi were screened for alpha glucosidase inhibitory activity. Maximum inhibition (96%) was observed in an isolate AZ-9, identified to be Exophiala spinifera on morphological and molecular basis. Production of fungal metabolites was carried out in malt extract broth followed by extraction with ethyl acetate. Brown coloured gummy residue obtained after evaporation of ethyl acetate was partially soluble in water yielding white precipitates. The precipitate exhibiting α-glucosidase inhibitory activity was purified by repeated washing and centrifugation. The insecticidal activity of inhibitor was evaluated on Spodoptera litura (Fab.) by feeding this pest on diet amended with inhibitor. It resulted in significant larval mortality as well as deformities in emerging adults. A reduction in vivo digestive enzyme activity was also observed. Nutritional analysis revealed the toxic effect of AZ-9 inhibitor on various food utilization parameters of S. litura. A significant reduction was recorded in relative growth and consumption rate of S. litura. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report on production of an alpha glucosidase inhibitor from E. spinifera with insecticidal activity. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The study highlights the importance of endophytes in providing protection against insect pests to the host. It also suggests the insecticidal potential of alpha glucosidase inhibitor from E. spinifera against polyphagous pest S. litura.
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Utility of whole-exome sequencing in detecting novel compound heterozygous mutations in COL7A1 among families with severe recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa in India - implications on diagnosis, prognosis and prenatal testing. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2018; 32:e433-e435. [PMID: 29512197 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.14909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Synergy of Physico-chemical and Biological Experiments for Developing a Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitor. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10005. [PMID: 29968808 PMCID: PMC6030096 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28408-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The physiological consequences of COX-2 overexpression in the development of cancer, diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases have made this enzyme a promising therapeutic target. Herein, COX-2 active site was analyzed and new molecules were designed. We identified a highly potent molecule (S)-3a with IC50 value and the selectivity for COX-2 0.6 nM and 1666, respectively. The MTD of (S)-3a was 2000 mg kg-1 and its pharmacokinetic studies in rat showed t1/2 7.5 h. This compound reversed acetic acid induced analgesia and carragennan induced inflammation by 50% and 25% in rat when used at a dose 10 mg kg-1. Mechanistically, it was found that compound (S)-3a inhibits COX-2. Overall, the combination of physico-chemical and biological experiments facilitated the development of a new lead molecule to anti-inflammatory drug.
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Tuberculosis-tobacco integration in the South-East Asia Region: policy analysis and implementation framework. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2018; 22:807-812. [PMID: 29914607 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.17.0796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
SETTING Despite overwhelming evidence for the association between tuberculosis (TB) and tobacco use, it remains neglected in the context of policy, planning and practice. There is limited evidence about the extent of integration of TB and tobacco control programmes in South-East Asia Region (SEAR) countries. OBJECTIVE To assess the level of TB-tobacco integration in 11 SEAR countries. DESIGN Cross-sectional study using a structured questionnaire addressed to TB and tobacco focal points at the World Health Organization Country Offices. RESULTS Apart from India, no country in the SEAR has a formal coordination mechanism for national TB and tobacco control programmes or a system of referral for tobacco users among TB patients for treatment of tobacco dependence. There is no joint planning, joint training or joint supervision and monitoring in any country. CONCLUSION There is poor integration between TB and tobacco control programmes in most SEAR countries. This assessment fed into the development of a regional framework for TB-tobacco integration, which outlines three strategies: 1) integrated patient-centred care and prevention; 2) joint TB tobacco actions covering policy development, planning, training and monitoring; and 3) research and innovation. Every country in the region should adopt the TB-tobacco integration framework to improve programme performance.
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Bilateral clavicular attachment of omohyoid muscle. Morphologie 2018; 102:87-90. [PMID: 28890314 DOI: 10.1016/j.morpho.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Omohyoid muscle present in cervical region is of particular importance to anatomists as it defines anteriorly the carotid triangle and divides the posterior cervical triangle. It has superior and inferior bellies and an intermediate common tendon. Like sternohyoid, sternothyroid and thyrohyoid muscles, omohyoid is also an infrahyoid muscle, but it differs from them in its course. The infrahyoid muscles are formed from a muscle primordium occurring in the anterior cervical area. Anderson (Anderson, 1881) theorized that the superior belly of the omohyoid muscle is a true infrahyoid muscle, whereas the inferior belly most likely shares a common embryology with the subclavius muscle. In the present study, during routine dissection in the neck region of an adult male cadaver of 50 years age, an anomalous origin of inferior belly of omohyoid with absence of intermediate tendon was observed bilaterally. It was arising from clavicle on both sides. Both the muscle bellies were measured from the lateral end of fascial sling. The inferior belly of omohyoid extending from the lateral margin of sling to clavicular surface was measured 3.3cm in length on left side and 3.6cm on right side. The omohyoid is important in neck dissections because it is considered as an ideal landmark for level III and IV lymph node metastases. Knowledge of variations of this muscle is very important for surgeries in neck region because of its close relation to the internal jugular vein and brachial plexus. Its crucial relationship to vascular structures in the neck makes it an important landmark during neck surgeries.
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