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Alsultan A, Alalwan AA, Alshehri B, Jeraisy MA, Alghamdi J, Alqahtani S, Albassam AA. Interethnic differences in drug response: projected impact of genetic variations in the Saudi population. Pharmacogenomics 2023; 24:685-696. [PMID: 37610881 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2023-0105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Ethnicity is known to have an impact on drug responses. This is particularly important for drugs that have a narrow therapeutic window, nonlinearity in pharmacokinetics and are metabolized by enzymes that demonstrate genetic polymorphisms. However, most clinical trials are conducted among Caucasians, which might limit the usefulness of the findings of such studies for other ethnicities. The representation of participants from Saudi Arabia in global clinical trials is low. Therefore, there is a paucity of evidence to assess the impact of ethnic variability in the Saudi population on drug response. In this article, the authors assess the projected impact of genetic polymorphisms in drug-metabolizing enzymes and drug targets on drug response in the Saudi population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Alsultan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A Alalwan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bashayer Alshehri
- Pharmaceutical Care Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed Al Jeraisy
- Pharmaceutical Care Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jahad Alghamdi
- Saudi Food and Drug Authority, Drug Sector, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed Alqahtani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A Albassam
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
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Aljarba NH, Al-Anazi MR, Al-Hazani TM, Shafeai MI, Rudiny FH, Motaen AM, Bin Dajem SM, Alothaid H, Alghamdi J, Alkahtani S, Al-Qahtani AA. Association between interleukin-27 gene polymorphisms and Plasmodium falciparum Malaria. Innate Immun 2023:17534259231178594. [PMID: 37306242 DOI: 10.1177/17534259231178594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria is often characterized by a complicated disease course due to multifaceted intrinsic genetic factors of the host and the parasite. This study aimed to investigate the role of interleukin-27 (IL-27) gene polymorphisms in Plasmodium falciparum malaria infection in a Saudi Arabian cohort. This case-control study obtained blood samples from 250 malaria patients with P. falciparum and 200 randomly identified healthy control subjects from the Malaria Center in the Jazan area. Malaria patients were grouped into three cohorts as follow: low (<500 parasites/µl of blood), moderate (500-1000 parasites/µl of blood), and high (>1000 parasites/µl of blood) parasitemia. The results show that the IL-27 variant rs181209 was significantly associated with malaria patients (P = 0.026). Similarly, the homozygous GG genotype of rs26528 was also associated with risk of developing P. falciparum malaria (P = 0.032). The minor allele C of variant rs181206 exhibited an association with low to moderate parasitemia (P = 0.046). Furthermore, the rs181209 AA genotype was statistically significant in age group 1-5 years (P = 0.049). In conclusion, this study suggests that variant rs181209 and rs26528 could be associated with the risk of malaria infection by P. falciparum in the population studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada H Aljarba
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mashael R Al-Anazi
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Research Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tahani M Al-Hazani
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | - Saad M Bin Dajem
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hani Alothaid
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jahad Alghamdi
- The Saudi Biobank, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad Alkahtani
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A Al-Qahtani
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Research Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Alfaisal University, School of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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3
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Al Sulaiman K, Aljuhani O, Korayem GB, Hafiz A, Alalawi M, Badreldin HA, Altebainawi AF, Vishwakarma R, Alissa A, Alghamdi A, Alenazi AA, Al Enazi H, Alanazi S, Alhammad A, Alghamdi J, AlFaifi M, Al Sehli FA, Aldossari MA, Alhubaishi AA, Al-Ali AY, Al-Dorzi HM. Standard dosing of enoxaparin versus unfractionated heparin in critically ill patient with COVID-19: a multicenter propensity-score matched study. Thromb J 2022; 20:74. [PMID: 36482388 PMCID: PMC9733230 DOI: 10.1186/s12959-022-00432-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thrombotic events are common in critically ill patients with COVID-19 and have been linked with COVID-19- induced hyperinflammatory state. In addition to anticoagulant effects, heparin and its derivatives have various anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties that may affect patient outcomes. This study compared the effectiveness and safety of prophylactic standard-doses of enoxaparin and unfractionated heparin (UFH) in critically ill patients with COVID-19. METHODS: A multicenter, retrospective cohort study included critically ill adult patients with COVID-19 admitted to the ICU between March 2020 and July 2021. Patients were categorized into two groups based on the type of pharmacological VTE thromboprophylaxis given in fixed doses (Enoxaparin 40 mg SQ every 24 hours versus UFH 5000 Units SQ every 8 hours) throughout their ICU stay. The primary endpoint was all cases of thrombosis. Other endpoints were considered secondary. Propensity score (PS) matching was used to match patients (1:1 ratio) between the two groups based on the predefined criteria. Multivariable logistic, Cox proportional hazards, and negative binomial regression analysis were used as appropriate. RESULTS: A total of 306 patients were eligible based on the eligibility criteria; 130 patients were included after PS matching (1:1 ratio). Patients who received UFH compared to enoxaparin had higher all thrombosis events at crude analysis (18.3% vs. 4.6%; p-value = 0.02 as well in logistic regression analysis (OR: 4.10 (1.05, 15.93); p-value = 0.04). Although there were no significant differences in all bleeding cases and major bleeding between the two groups (OR: 0.40 (0.07, 2.29); p-value = 0.31 and OR: 1.10 (0.14, 8.56); p-value = 0.93, respectively); however, blood transfusion requirement was higher in the UFH group but did not reach statistical significance (OR: 2.98 (0.85, 10.39); p-value = 0.09). The 30-day and in-hospital mortality were similar between the two groups at Cox hazards regression analysis. In contrast, hospital LOS was longer in the UFH group; however, it did not reach the statistically significant difference (beta coefficient: 0.22; 95% CI: -0.03, 0.48; p-value = 0.09). CONCLUSION Prophylactic enoxaparin use in critically ill patients with COVID-19 may significantly reduce all thrombosis cases with similar bleeding risk compared to UFH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Al Sulaiman
- grid.415254.30000 0004 1790 7311Pharmaceutical Care Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC) - Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia ,grid.412149.b0000 0004 0608 0662College of Pharmacy, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia ,grid.452607.20000 0004 0580 0891King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), PO Box 22490, 11426 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia ,Saudi Critical Care Pharmacy Research (SCAPE) Platform, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ohoud Aljuhani
- grid.412125.10000 0001 0619 1117Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghazwa B. Korayem
- grid.449346.80000 0004 0501 7602Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671 Saudi Arabia
| | - Awatif Hafiz
- grid.412125.10000 0001 0619 1117Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mai Alalawi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fakeeh College for Medical Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hisham A. Badreldin
- grid.415254.30000 0004 1790 7311Pharmaceutical Care Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC) - Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia ,grid.412149.b0000 0004 0608 0662College of Pharmacy, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia ,grid.452607.20000 0004 0580 0891King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), PO Box 22490, 11426 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali F. Altebainawi
- grid.415336.6Pharmaceutical Care Services, King Khalid Hospital, Hail Health Cluster, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ramesh Vishwakarma
- grid.8273.e0000 0001 1092 7967Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Abdulrahman Alissa
- Pharmaceutical Care Services, King Abdulla bin Abdulaziz University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Albandari Alghamdi
- grid.449346.80000 0004 0501 7602Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671 Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer A. Alenazi
- grid.415989.80000 0000 9759 8141Pharmaceutical Care Department, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huda Al Enazi
- grid.412149.b0000 0004 0608 0662College of Pharmacy, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia ,grid.412125.10000 0001 0619 1117Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahad Alanazi
- grid.449346.80000 0004 0501 7602Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671 Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Alhammad
- grid.56302.320000 0004 1773 5396Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mashael AlFaifi
- grid.415254.30000 0004 1790 7311Pharmaceutical Care Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC) - Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal A. Al Sehli
- grid.415254.30000 0004 1790 7311Pharmaceutical Care Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC) - Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia ,grid.412149.b0000 0004 0608 0662College of Pharmacy, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia ,grid.452607.20000 0004 0580 0891King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), PO Box 22490, 11426 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maram A. Aldossari
- grid.415254.30000 0004 1790 7311Pharmaceutical Care Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC) - Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa A. Alhubaishi
- grid.449346.80000 0004 0501 7602Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671 Saudi Arabia
| | - Anfal Y. Al-Ali
- Pharmaceutical Care Department, Dhahran Eye Specialist Hospital, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hasan M. Al-Dorzi
- grid.415254.30000 0004 1790 7311Intensive Care Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Alaamery M, Alghamdi J, Massadeh S, Alsawaji M, Aljawini N, Albesher N, Alghamdi B, Almutairi M, Hejaili F, Alfadhel M, Baz B, Almuzzaini B, Almutairi AF, Abdullah M, Quintana FJ, Sayyari A. Analysis of chronic kidney disease patients by targeted next-generation sequencing identifies novel variants in kidney-related genes. Front Genet 2022; 13:886038. [PMID: 36035137 PMCID: PMC9407681 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.886038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the enormous economic and societal burden of chronic kidney disease (CKD), its pathogenesis remains elusive, impeding specific diagnosis and targeted therapy. Herein, we sought to elucidate the genetic causes of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and identify genetic variants associated with CKD and related traits in Saudi kidney disease patients. We applied a genetic testing approach using a targeted next-generation sequencing gene panel including 102 genes causative or associated with CKD. A total of 1,098 Saudi participants were recruited for the study, including 534 patients with ESRD and 564 healthy controls. The pre-validated NGS panel was utilized to screen for genetic variants, and then, statistical analysis was conducted to test for associations. The NGS panel revealed 7,225 variants in 102 sequenced genes. Cases had a significantly higher number of confirmed pathogenic variants as classified by the ClinVar database than controls (i.e., individuals with at least one allele of a confirmed pathogenic variant that is associated with CKD; 279 (0.52) vs. 258 (0.45); p-value = 0.03). A total of 13 genetic variants were found to be significantly associated with ESRD in PLCE1, CLCN5, ATP6V1B1, LAMB2, INVS, FRAS1, C5orf42, SLC12A3, COL4A6, SLC3A1, RET, WNK1, and BICC1, including four novel variants that were not previously reported in any other population. Furthermore, studies are necessary to validate these associations in a larger sample size and among individuals of different ethnic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal Alaamery
- Developmental Medicine Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard- Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Saudi Human Genome Program, National Center for Genomic Technologies and Bioinformatics, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- KACST-BWH Centre of Excellence for Biomedicine, Joint Centres of Excellence Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Manal Alaamery, ; Abdullah Sayyari,
| | | | - Salam Massadeh
- Developmental Medicine Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard- Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Saudi Human Genome Program, National Center for Genomic Technologies and Bioinformatics, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- KACST-BWH Centre of Excellence for Biomedicine, Joint Centres of Excellence Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona Alsawaji
- Developmental Medicine Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard- Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nora Aljawini
- Developmental Medicine Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard- Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Saudi Human Genome Program, National Center for Genomic Technologies and Bioinformatics, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- KACST-BWH Centre of Excellence for Biomedicine, Joint Centres of Excellence Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nour Albesher
- KACST-BWH Centre of Excellence for Biomedicine, Joint Centres of Excellence Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bader Alghamdi
- Developmental Medicine Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard- Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mansour Almutairi
- Developmental Medicine Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard- Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fayez Hejaili
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard- Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majid Alfadhel
- Medical Genomics Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard- Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Batoul Baz
- Saudi Human Genome Program, National Center for Genomic Technologies and Bioinformatics, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bader Almuzzaini
- Medical Genomics Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard- Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel F. Almutairi
- Science and Technology Unit, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard- Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mubarak Abdullah
- Department of Medicine, Ministry of the National Guard–Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Francisco J. Quintana
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Abdullah Sayyari
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medicine, Ministry of the National Guard–Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Manal Alaamery, ; Abdullah Sayyari,
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5
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Al Sulaiman K, Aljuhani O, Korayem GB, Altebainawi AF, Al Harbi S, Al Shaya A, Badreldin HA, Kensara R, Alharthi AF, Alghamdi J, Alawad A, Alotaibi R, Kharbosh A, Al Muqati H, Alhuwahmel A, Almusallam M, Albarrak G, Al Sulaihim I, Alanazi B, Al-Dosari BS, Vishwakarma R, Alsaeedi AS, Al Ghamdi G, Alkofide H, Al-Dorzi HM. The impact of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors use on the clinical outcomes in critically ill patients with COVID-19: A multicenter, cohort study. Front Public Health 2022; 10:877944. [PMID: 36033795 PMCID: PMC9403132 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.877944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The cardiovascular complications of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) may be attributed to the hyperinflammatory state leading to increased mortality in patients with COVID-19. HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors (statins) are known to have pleiotropic and anti-inflammatory effects and may have antiviral activity along with their cholesterol-lowering activity. Thus, statin therapy is potentially a potent adjuvant therapy in COVID-19 infection. This study investigated the impact of statin use on the clinical outcome of critically ill patients with COVID-19. Methods A multicenter, retrospective cohort study of all adult critically ill patients with confirmed COVID-19 who were admitted to Intensive Care Units (ICUs) between March 1, 2020, and March 31, 2021. Eligible patients were classified into two groups based on the statin use during ICU stay and were matched with a propensity score based on patient's age and admission APACHE II and SOFA scores. The primary endpoint was in-hospital mortality, while 30 day mortality, ventilator-free days (VFDs) at 30 days, and ICU complications were secondary endpoints. Results A total of 1,049 patients were eligible; 502 patients were included after propensity score matching (1:1 ratio). The in-hospital mortality [hazard ratio 0.69 (95% CI 0.54, 0.89), P = 0.004] and 30-day mortality [hazard ratio 0.75 (95% CI 0.58, 0.98), P = 0.03] were significantly lower in patients who received statin therapy on multivariable cox proportional hazards regression analysis. Moreover, patients who received statin therapy had lower odds of hospital-acquired pneumonia [OR 0.48 (95% CI 0.32, 0.69), P < 0.001], lower levels of inflammatory markers on follow-up, and no increased risk of liver injury. Conclusion The use of statin therapy during ICU stay in critically ill patients with COVID-19 may have a beneficial role and survival benefit with a good safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Al Sulaiman
- Pharmaceutical Care Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center-King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard—Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,Saudi Critical Care Pharmacy Research (SCAPE) Platform, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,*Correspondence: Khalid Al Sulaiman
| | - Ohoud Aljuhani
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghazwa B. Korayem
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali F. Altebainawi
- Pharmaceutical Care Services, King Salman Specialist Hospital, Hail Health Cluster, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shmeylan Al Harbi
- Pharmaceutical Care Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center-King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard—Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Al Shaya
- Pharmaceutical Care Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center-King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard—Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hisham A. Badreldin
- Pharmaceutical Care Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center-King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard—Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raed Kensara
- Pharmaceutical Care Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center-King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard—Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah F. Alharthi
- Pharmaceutical Care Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center-King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard—Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jahad Alghamdi
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center-King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard—Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahad Alawad
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rand Alotaibi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Kharbosh
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Pharmacy College, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hessa Al Muqati
- Pharmaceutical Care Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmohsen Alhuwahmel
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Almusallam
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghada Albarrak
- Pharmaceutical Care Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Al Sulaihim
- Pharmaceutical Care Department, Presidency of State Security, Central Security Hospitals, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bader Alanazi
- Pharmaceutical Care Department, Presidency of State Security, Central Security Hospitals, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bodoor S. Al-Dosari
- Pharmaceutical Care Department, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ramesh Vishwakarma
- Statistics Department, European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Headquarters, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alawi S. Alsaeedi
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center-King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard—Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,Intensive Care Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghassan Al Ghamdi
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center-King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard—Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,Intensive Care Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hadeel Alkofide
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hasan M. Al-Dorzi
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center-King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard—Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,Intensive Care Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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6
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Pathak GA, Karjalainen J, Stevens C, Neale BM, Daly M, Ganna A, Andrews SJ, Kanai M, Cordioli M, Polimanti R, Harerimana N, Pirinen M, Liao RG, Chwialkowska K, Trankiem A, Balaconis MK, Nguyen H, Solomonson M, Veerapen K, Wolford B, Roberts G, Park D, Ball CA, Coignet M, McCurdy S, Knight S, Partha R, Rhead B, Zhang M, Berkowitz N, Gaddis M, Noto K, Ruiz L, Pavlovic M, Hong EL, Rand K, Girshick A, Guturu H, Baltzell AH, Niemi MEK, Rahmouni S, Guntz J, Beguin Y, Cordioli M, Pigazzini S, Nkambule L, Georges M, Moutschen M, Misset B, Darcis G, Guiot J, Azarzar S, Gofflot S, Claassen S, Malaise O, Huynen P, Meuris C, Thys M, Jacques J, Léonard P, Frippiat F, Giot JB, Sauvage AS, Frenckell CV, Belhaj Y, Lambermont B, Nakanishi T, Morrison DR, Mooser V, Richards JB, Butler-Laporte G, Forgetta V, Li R, Ghosh B, Laurent L, Belisle A, Henry D, Abdullah T, Adeleye O, Mamlouk N, Kimchi N, Afrasiabi Z, Rezk N, Vulesevic B, Bouab M, Guzman C, Petitjean L, Tselios C, Xue X, Afilalo J, Afilalo M, 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Verzuri A, Anemoli V, Pancrazzi A, Lorubbio M, Miraglia FG, Venturelli S, Cossarizza A, Vergori A, Gabrieli A, Riva A, Paciosi F, Andretta F, Gatti F, Parisi SG, Baratti S, Piscopo C, Russo R, Andolfo I, Iolascon A, Carella M, Merla G, Squeo GM, Raggi P, Marciano C, Perna R, Bassetti M, Sanguinetti M, Giorli A, Salerni L, Parravicini P, Menatti E, Trotta T, Coiro G, Lena F, Martinelli E, Mancarella S, Gabbi C, Maggiolo F, Ripamonti D, Bachetti T, Suardi C, Parati G, Bottà G, Domenico PD, Rancan I, Bianchi F, Colombo R, Barbieri C, Acquilini D, Andreucci E, Segala FV, Tiseo G, Falcone M, Lista M, Poscente M, Vivo OD, Petrocelli P, Guarnaccia A, Baroni S, Hayward C, Porteous DJ, Fawns-Ritchie C, Richmond A, Campbell A, van Heel DA, Hunt KA, Trembath RC, Huang QQ, Martin HC, Mason D, Trivedi B, Wright J, Finer S, Akhtar S, Anwar M, Arciero E, Ashraf S, Breen G, Chung R, Curtis CJ, Chowdhury M, Colligan G, Deloukas P, Durham C, Finer S, Griffiths C, Huang QQ, Hurles M, Hunt KA, Hussain S, Islam K, Khan A, Khan A, Lavery C, Lee SH, Lerner R, MacArthur D, MacLaughlin B, Martin H, Mason D, Miah S, Newman B, Safa N, Tahmasebi F, Trembath RC, Trivedi B, van Heel DA, Wright J, Griffiths CJ, Smith AV, Boughton AP, Li KW, LeFaive J, Annis A, Niavarani A, Aliannejad R, Sharififard B, Amirsavadkouhi A, Naderpour Z, Tadi HA, Aleagha AE, Ahmadi S, Moghaddam SBM, Adamsara A, Saeedi M, Abdollahi H, Hosseini A, Chariyavilaskul P, Jantarabenjakul W, Hirankarn N, Chamnanphon M, Suttichet TB, Shotelersuk V, Pongpanich M, Phokaew C, Chetruengchai W, Putchareon O, Torvorapanit P, Puthanakit T, Suchartlikitwong P, Nilaratanakul V, Sodsai P, Brumpton BM, Hveem K, Willer C, Wolford B, Zhou W, Rogne T, Solligard E, Åsvold BO, Franke L, Boezen M, Deelen P, Claringbould A, Lopera E, Warmerdam R, Vonk JM, van Blokland I, Lanting P, Ori APS, Feng YCA, Mercader J, Weiss ST, Karlson EW, Smoller JW, Murphy SN, Meigs JB, Woolley AE, Green RC, Perez EF, Wolford B, Zöllner S, Wang J, Beck A, Sloofman LG, Ascolillo S, Sebra RP, Collins BL, Levy T, Buxbaum JD, Sealfon SC, Jordan DM, Thompson RC, Gettler K, Chaudhary K, Belbin GM, Preuss M, Hoggart C, Choi S, Underwood SJ, Salib I, Britvan B, Keller K, Tang L, Peruggia M, Hiester LL, Niblo K, Aksentijevich A, Labkowsky A, Karp A, Zlatopolsky M, Zyndorf M, Charney AW, Beckmann ND, Schadt EE, Abul-Husn NS, Cho JH, Itan Y, Kenny EE, Loos RJF, Nadkarni GN, Do R, O’Reilly P, Huckins LM, Ferreira MAR, Abecasis GR, Leader JB, Cantor MN, Justice AE, Carey DJ, Chittoor G, Josyula NS, Kosmicki JA, Horowitz JE, Baras A, Gass MC, Yadav A, Mirshahi T, Hottenga JJ, Bartels M, de geus EEJC, Nivard MMG, Verma A, Ritchie MD, Rader D, Li B, Verma SS, Lucas A, Bradford Y, Abedalthagafi M, Alaamery M, Alshareef A, Sawaji M, Massadeh S, AlMalik A, Alqahtani S, Baraka D, Harthi FA, Alsolm E, Safieh LA, Alowayn AM, Alqubaishi F, Mutairi AA, Mangul S, Almutairi M, Aljawini N, Albesher N, Arabi YM, Mahmoud ES, Khattab AK, Halawani RT, Alahmadey ZZ, Albakri JK, Felemban WA, Suliman BA, Hasanato R, Al-Awdah L, Alghamdi J, AlZahrani D, AlJohani S, Al-Afghani H, AlDhawi N, AlBardis H, Alkwai S, Alswailm M, Almalki F, Albeladi M, Almohammed I, Barhoush E, Albader A, Alotaibi S, Alghamdi B, Jung J, fawzy MS, Alrashed M, Zeberg H, Nkambul L, Frithiof R, Hultström M, Lipcsey M, Tardif N, Rooyackers O, Grip J, Maricic T, Helgeland Ø, Magnus P, Trogstad LIS, Lee Y, Harris JR, Mangino M, Spector TD, Emma D, Moutsianas L, Caulfield MJ, Scott RH, Kousathanas A, Pasko D, Walker S, Stuckey A, Odhams CA, Rhodes D, Fowler T, Rendon A, Chan G, Arumugam P, Karczewski KJ, Martin AR, Wilson DJ, Spencer CCA, Crook DW, Wyllie DH, O’Connell AM, Atkinson EG, Kanai M, Tsuo K, Baya N, Turley P, Gupta R, Walters RK, Palmer DS, Sarma G, Solomonson M, Cheng N, Lu W, Churchhouse C, Goldstein JI, King D, Zhou W, Seed C, Daly MJ, Neale BM, Finucane H, Bryant S, Satterstrom FK, Band G, Earle SG, Lin SK, Arning N, Koelling N, Armstrong J, Rudkin JK, Callier S, Bryant S, Cusick C, Soranzo N, Zhao JH, Danesh J, Angelantonio ED, Butterworth AS, Sun YV, Huffman JE, Cho K, O’Donnell CJ, Tsao P, Gaziano JM, Peloso G, Ho YL, Smieszek SP, Polymeropoulos C, Polymeropoulos V, Polymeropoulos MH, Przychodzen BP, Fernandez-Cadenas I, Planas AM, Perez-Tur J, Llucià-Carol L, Cullell N, Muiño E, Cárcel-Márquez J, DeDiego ML, Iglesias LL, Soriano A, Rico V, Agüero D, Bedini JL, Lozano F, Domingo C, Robles V, Ruiz-Jaén F, Márquez L, Gomez J, Coto E, Albaiceta GM, García-Clemente M, Dalmau D, Arranz MJ, Dietl B, Serra-Llovich A, Soler P, Colobrán R, Martín-Nalda A, Martínez AP, Bernardo D, Rojo S, Fiz-López A, Arribas E, de la Cal-Sabater P, Segura T, González-Villa E, Serrano-Heras G, Martí-Fàbregas J, Jiménez-Xarrié E, de Felipe Mimbrera A, Masjuan J, García-Madrona S, Domínguez-Mayoral A, Villalonga JM, Menéndez-Valladares P, Chasman DI, Sesso HD, Manson JE, Buring JE, Ridker PM, Franco G, Davis L, Lee S, Priest J, Sankaran VG, van Heel D, Biesecker L, Kerchberger VE, Baillie JK. A first update on mapping the human genetic architecture of COVID-19. Nature 2022; 608:E1-E10. [PMID: 35922517 PMCID: PMC9352569 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04826-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Povysil G, Butler-Laporte G, Shang N, Wang C, Khan A, Alaamery M, Nakanishi T, Zhou S, Forgetta V, Eveleigh RJ, Bourgey M, Aziz N, Jones SJ, Knoppers B, Scherer SW, Strug LJ, Lepage P, Ragoussis J, Bourque G, Alghamdi J, Aljawini N, Albes N, Al-Afghani HM, Alghamdi B, Almutairi MS, Mahmoud ES, Abu-Safieh L, El Bardisy H, Harthi FSA, Alshareef A, Suliman BA, Alqahtani SA, Almalik A, Alrashed MM, Massadeh S, Mooser V, Lathrop M, Fawzy M, Arabi YM, Mbarek H, Saad C, Al-Muftah W, Jung J, Mangul S, Badji R, Thani AA, Ismail SI, Gharavi AG, Abedalthagafi MS, Richards JB, Goldstein DB, Kiryluk K. Rare loss-of-function variants in type I IFN immunity genes are not associated with severe COVID-19. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:147834. [PMID: 34043590 PMCID: PMC8279578 DOI: 10.1172/jci147834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A recent report found that rare predicted loss-of-function (pLOF) variants across 13 candidate genes in TLR3- and IRF7-dependent type I IFN pathways explain up to 3.5% of severe COVID-19 cases. We performed whole-exome or whole-genome sequencing of 1,864 COVID-19 cases (713 with severe and 1,151 with mild disease) and 15,033 ancestry-matched population controls across 4 independent COVID-19 biobanks. We tested whether rare pLOF variants in these 13 genes were associated with severe COVID-19. We identified only 1 rare pLOF mutation across these genes among 713 cases with severe COVID-19 and observed no enrichment of pLOFs in severe cases compared to population controls or mild COVID-19 cases. We found no evidence of association of rare LOF variants in the 13 candidate genes with severe COVID-19 outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gundula Povysil
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Guillaume Butler-Laporte
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Ning Shang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Chen Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Atlas Khan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Manal Alaamery
- Developmental Medicine Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Saudi Human Genome Project at King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tomoko Nakanishi
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Kyoto-McGill International Collaborative School in Genomic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sirui Zhou
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Robert J.M. Eveleigh
- Canadian Centre for Computational Genomics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- McGill Genome Center, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Mathieu Bourgey
- Canadian Centre for Computational Genomics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- McGill Genome Center, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Naveed Aziz
- Canadian COVID Genomics Network, HostSeq Project, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Lisa J. Strug
- Canadian COVID Genomics Network, HostSeq Project, Canada
| | - Pierre Lepage
- Canadian Centre for Computational Genomics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jiannis Ragoussis
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Computational Genomics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Guillaume Bourque
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- McGill Genome Center, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Computational Genomics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Nora Aljawini
- KACST-BWH Centre of Excellence for Biomedicine, Joint Centers of Excellence Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nour Albes
- KACST-BWH Centre of Excellence for Biomedicine, Joint Centers of Excellence Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hani M. Al-Afghani
- Laboratory Department, Security Forces Hospital, General Directorate of Medical Services, Ministry of Interior, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bader Alghamdi
- Developmental Medicine Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mansour S. Almutairi
- Developmental Medicine Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ebrahim Sabri Mahmoud
- Ministry of the National Guard Health Affairs, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center and King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Leen Abu-Safieh
- Genomics Research Department, Saudi Human Genome Project, King Fahad Medical City and King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hadeel El Bardisy
- Genomics Research Department, Saudi Human Genome Project, King Fahad Medical City and King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fawz S. Al Harthi
- Genomics Research Department, Saudi Human Genome Project, King Fahad Medical City and King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Bandar Ali Suliman
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Madina, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A. Alqahtani
- Liver Transplant Unit, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Abdulaziz Almalik
- Life Science and Environmental Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - May M. Alrashed
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salam Massadeh
- Developmental Medicine Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Saudi Human Genome Project at King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vincent Mooser
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Mark Lathrop
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Canadian COVID Genomics Network, HostSeq Project, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Computational Genomics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Mohamed Fawzy
- Genomics Research Department, Saudi Human Genome Project, King Fahad Medical City and King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yaseen M. Arabi
- Ministry of the National Guard Health Affairs, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center and King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamdi Mbarek
- Qatar Genome Program, Qatar Foundation Research, Development and Innovation, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Chadi Saad
- Qatar Genome Program, Qatar Foundation Research, Development and Innovation, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Wadha Al-Muftah
- Qatar Genome Program, Qatar Foundation Research, Development and Innovation, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Junghyun Jung
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Serghei Mangul
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Radja Badji
- Qatar Genome Program, Qatar Foundation Research, Development and Innovation, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Asma Al Thani
- Qatar Genome Program, Qatar Foundation Research, Development and Innovation, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Said I. Ismail
- Qatar Genome Program, Qatar Foundation Research, Development and Innovation, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ali G. Gharavi
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Center for Precision Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Malak S. Abedalthagafi
- Genomics Research Department, Saudi Human Genome Project, King Fahad Medical City and King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - J. Brent Richards
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Kyoto-McGill International Collaborative School in Genomic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Twin Research, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David B. Goldstein
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Genetics & Development, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Krzysztof Kiryluk
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
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Alghamdi J, Alaamery M, Barhoumi T, Rashid M, Alajmi H, Aljasser N, Alhendi Y, Alkhalaf H, Alqahtani H, Algablan O, Alshaya AI, Tashkandi N, Massadeh S, Almuzzaini B, Ehaideb SN, Bosaeed M, Ayoub K, Yezli S, Khan A, Alaskar A, Bouchama A. Interferon-induced transmembrane protein-3 genetic variant rs12252 is associated with COVID-19 mortality. Genomics 2021; 113:1733-1741. [PMID: 33838280 PMCID: PMC8025598 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Interferon-induced membrane proteins (IFITM) 3 gene variants are known risk factor for severe viral diseases. We examined whether IFITM3 variant may underlie the heterogeneous clinical outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced COVID-19 in large Arab population. We genotyped 880 Saudi patients; 93.8% were PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, encompassing most COVID-19 phenotypes. Mortality at 90 days was 9.1%. IFITM3-SNP, rs12252-G allele was associated with hospital admission (OR = 1.65 [95% CI; 1.01-2.70], P = 0.04]) and mortality (OR = 2.2 [95% CI; 1.16-4.20], P = 0.01). Patients less than 60 years old had a lower survival probability if they harbor this allele (log-rank test P = 0.002). Plasma levels of IFNγ were significantly lower in a subset of patients with AG/GG genotypes than patients with AA genotype (P = 0.00016). Early identification of these individuals at higher risk of death may inform precision public health response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jahad Alghamdi
- Saudi Biobank, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard – Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,Corresponding author
| | - Manal Alaamery
- Developmental Medicine Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard- Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,KACST-BWH Centre of Excellence for Biomedicine, Joint Centers of Excellence Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Saudi Human Genome Project (SHGP), Satellite Lab at King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNG-HA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tlili Barhoumi
- Core Facility and Research Platforms, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard – Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mamoon Rashid
- Department of Bioinformatics, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard – Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hala Alajmi
- Saudi Biobank, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard – Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasser Aljasser
- Saudi Biobank, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard – Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yaseen Alhendi
- Saudi Biobank, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard – Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hind Alkhalaf
- Saudi Biobank, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard – Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanadi Alqahtani
- Saudi Biobank, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard – Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omer Algablan
- Saudi Biobank, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard – Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulraham I. Alshaya
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard – Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nabiha Tashkandi
- Nursing Services, Ministry of the National Guard - Health Affairs, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salam Massadeh
- Developmental Medicine Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard- Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,KACST-BWH Centre of Excellence for Biomedicine, Joint Centers of Excellence Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Saudi Human Genome Project (SHGP), Satellite Lab at King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNG-HA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bader Almuzzaini
- Medical Genomics Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard – Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salleh N. Ehaideb
- Experimental Medicine Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard – Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Bosaeed
- Department of Medicine, Ministry of the National Guard - Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kamal Ayoub
- King Abdulaziz Cardiac Center, Ministry of the National Guard - Health Affairs, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saber Yezli
- The Global Centre for Mass Gatherings Medicine, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anas Khan
- The Global Centre for Mass Gatherings Medicine, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Alaskar
- Oncology Department, Ministry of the National Guard - Health Affairs, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abderrezak Bouchama
- Experimental Medicine Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard – Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,Corresponding author
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9
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Jamea AA, Alblowi M, Alghamdi J, Alosaimi FD, Albadr F, Abualait T, Bashir S. Altered default mode network activity and cortical thickness as vulnerability indicators for SCZ: a preliminary resting state MRI study. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2021; 25:669-677. [PMID: 33577021 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202101_24628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alterations in brain function in patients with schizophrenia (SCZ) and other neuropsychiatric disorders are evident not only during specific cognitive challenges, but also from functional MRI data obtained during a resting state. Patients with chronic SCZ have shown deficits in default mood network (DMN) and gray matter volume in resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). However, cortical thickness and surface area in first-episode schizophrenic patients have rarely been investigated. PATIENTS AND METHODS In the present study, we applied independent component analysis (ICA) to a series of rs-fMRIs of 15 SCZ patients and 15 matched healthy controls. The data were analyzed using MELODIC of FMRIB's Software Library (FSL version 5.9; www.fmrib.ox.ac.uk/fsl) to identify large-scale patterns of temporal signal-intensity coherence. RESULTS Patients with SCZ showed significantly higher functional connectivity in the DMN, auditory network, and cerebellum network (p=0.049, p=0.05, and p=0.007, respectively) than matched healthy controls. The patients also exhibited significantly less cortical thickness, primarily in the bilateral prefrontal and parietal cortex, and higher thickness in the bilateral anterior temporal lobes, left medial orbitofrontal cortex, and left cuneus than the matched healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that significantly abnormal DMN connectivity and cortical thickness contribute to local functional pathology in patients with SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Jamea
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, Collage of Medicine, King Saud Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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10
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Almuzzaini B, Alghamdi J, Alomani A, AlGhamdi S, Alsharm AA, Alshieban S, Sayed A, Alhejaily AG, Aljaser FS, Abudawood M, Almajed F, Samman A, Balwi MAA, Aziz MA. Identification of Novel Mutations in Colorectal Cancer Patients Using AmpliSeq Comprehensive Cancer Panel. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11060535. [PMID: 34207827 PMCID: PMC8230213 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11060535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomarker discovery would be an important tool in advancing and utilizing the concept of precision and personalized medicine in the clinic. Discovery of novel variants in local population provides confident targets for developing biomarkers for personalized medicine. We identified the need to generate high-quality sequencing data from local colorectal cancer patients and understand the pattern of occurrence of variants. In this report, we used archived samples from Saudi Arabia and used the AmpliSeq comprehensive cancer panel to identify novel somatic variants. We report a comprehensive analysis of next-generation sequencing results with a coverage of >300X. We identified 466 novel variants which were previously unreported in COSMIC and ICGC databases. We analyzed the genes associated with these variants in terms of their frequency of occurrence, probable pathogenicity, and clinicopathological features. Among pathogenic somatic variants, 174 were identified for the first time in the large intestine. APC, RET, and EGFR genes were most frequently mutated. A higher number of variants were identified in the left colon. Occurrence of variants in ERBB2 was significantly correlated with those of EGFR and ATR genes. Network analyses of the identified genes provide functional perspective of the identified genes and suggest affected pathways and probable biomarker candidates. This report lays the ground work for biomarker discovery and identification of driver gene mutations in local population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bader Almuzzaini
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Medical Genomics Research Department, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: (B.A.); (M.A.A.); Tel.: +966-11-429-4533 (B.A.); +966-11-429-4582 (M.A.A.)
| | - Jahad Alghamdi
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Saudi Biobank, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia; (J.A.); (A.S.)
| | - Alhanouf Alomani
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 13318, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Saleh AlGhamdi
- Clinical Research Department, Research Center, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdullah A. Alsharm
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Saeed Alshieban
- King Abdul Aziz Medical City-National Guard Health Affairs (NGHA), King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdul Aziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh 14611, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ahood Sayed
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Saudi Biobank, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia; (J.A.); (A.S.)
| | | | - Feda S. Aljaser
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Chair of Medical and Molecular Genetics Research, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University Riyadh, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia; (F.S.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Manal Abudawood
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Chair of Medical and Molecular Genetics Research, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University Riyadh, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia; (F.S.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Faisal Almajed
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdulhadi Samman
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 23218, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammed A. Al Balwi
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Medical Genomics Research Department, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammad Azhar Aziz
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Colorectal Cancer Research Program, Department of Cellular Therapy and Cancer Research, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (B.A.); (M.A.A.); Tel.: +966-11-429-4533 (B.A.); +966-11-429-4582 (M.A.A.)
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11
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Alharbi NK, Alghnam S, Algaissi A, Albalawi H, Alenazi MW, Albargawi AM, Alharbi AG, Alhazmi A, Al Qarni A, Alfarhan A, Zowawi HM, Alhatmi H, Alghamdi J, Alroqi F, Batarfi K, Arabi YM, Hashem AM, Bosaeed M, Aldibasi O. Nationwide Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in Saudi Arabia. J Infect Public Health 2021; 14:832-838. [PMID: 34118732 PMCID: PMC8188888 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2021.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Estimated seroprevalence of Coronavirus Infectious Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a critical evidence for a better evaluation of the virus spread and monitoring the progress of COVID-19 pandemic in a population. In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence has been reported in specific regions, but an extensive nationwide study has not been reported. Here, we report a nationwide study to determine the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in the population of KSA during the pandemic, using serum samples from healthy blood donors, non-COVID patients and healthcare workers (HCWs) in six different regions of the kingdom, with addition samples from COVID-19 patients. METHODS A total of 11,703 serum samples were collected from different regions of the KSA including; 5395 samples from residual healthy blood donors (D); 5877 samples from non-COVID patients collected through residual sera at clinical biochemistry labs from non-COVID patients (P); and 400 samples from consented HCWs. To determine the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2, all serum samples, in addition to positive control sera from RT-PCR confirmed COVID-19 patients, were subjected to in-house ELISA with a sample pooling strategy, which was further validated by testing individual samples that make up some of the pools, with a statistical estimation method to report seroprevalence estimates. RESULTS Overall (combining D and P groups) seroprevalence estimate was around 11% in Saudi Arabia; and was 5.1% (Riyadh), 1.5% (Jazan), 18.4% (Qassim), 20.8% (Hail), 14.7% (ER; Alahsa), and 18.8% in Makkah. Makkah samples were only D group and had a rate of 24.4% and 12.8% in the cities of Makkah and Jeddah, respectively. The seroprevalence in Saudi Arabia across the sampled areas would be 12 times the reported COVID-19 infection rate. Among HCWs, 7.5% (4.95-10.16 CI 95%) had reactive antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 without reporting any previously confirmed infection. This was higher in HCWs with hypertension. The study also presents the demographics and prevalence of co-morbidities in HCWs and subset of non-COVID-19 population. INTERPRETATION Our study estimates the overall national serological prevalence of COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia to be 11%, with an apparent disparity between regions. This indicates the prevalence of asymptomatic or mild unreported COVID-19 cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naif Khalaf Alharbi
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Suliman Alghnam
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Algaissi
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Medical Research Center, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hind Albalawi
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed W Alenazi
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Areeb M Albargawi
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Abdulaziz Alhazmi
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Research Center, Jazan University Hospital, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Al Qarni
- King Abdulaziz Hospital, Ministry of National Guard - Health Affairs, Alahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Alfarhan
- King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard - Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hosam M Zowawi
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hind Alhatmi
- King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard - Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jahad Alghamdi
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fayhan Alroqi
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard - Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Batarfi
- King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard - Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yaseen M Arabi
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard - Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anwar M Hashem
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Bosaeed
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard - Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar Aldibasi
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Alyabsi M, Gaid R, Alqunaibet A, Alaskar A, Mahmud A, Alghamdi J. Impact of the 2017 ACC/AHA guideline on the prevalence of elevated blood pressure and hypertension: a cross-sectional analysis of 10 799 individuals. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e041973. [PMID: 33384395 PMCID: PMC7780512 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the effect of the 2017 American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) hypertension guideline on the prevalence of elevated blood pressure (BP) and hypertension and the initiation of antihypertensive treatment, as well as the level of adherence to the BP target in the Saudi population. DESIGN A cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS A total of 10 799 adults (≥18 years old), with three BP readings during 2017-2020 from the Saudi Biobank was used. PRIMARY OUTCOME Hypertension was defined using three sources: the Joint National Committee 7 Blood Pressure Guideline (JNC-7) guideline (systolic BP (SBP)≥140 or diastolic BP (DBP)≥90 mm Hg), the 2017 ACC/AHA guideline (SBP≥130 or DBP≥80 mm Hg) and a self-reported hypertension diagnosis. RESULTS The prevalence of hypertension, according to the JNC-7 guideline, was 14.49% (95% CI 14.37 to 14.61), and the 2017 ACC/AHA, 40.77% (95% CI 40.60 to 40.94), a difference of 26.28%. Antihypertensive medication was recommended for 24.84% (95% CI 24.69 to 24.98) based on the JNC-7 guideline and 27.67% (95% CI 27.52 to 27.82) using the 2017 ACC/AHA guideline. Lifestyle modification was recommended for 13.10% (95% CI 12.47 to 13.74) of patients with hypertension who were not eligible for a pharmacological intervention, based on the 2017 ACA/AHA guideline. For patients with prescribed antihypertensive medication, 49.56% (95% CI 45.50 to 53.64) and 27.81% (95% CI 24.31 to 31.59) presented with a BP reading above the treatment goal, based on the 2017 ACA/AHA and JNC-7 guidelines, respectively. Using the two definitions, the risk factors were older age, male gender, diabetes diagnosis, increased body mass index, waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio. CONCLUSIONS According to the 2017 ACC/AHA guideline, the prevalence of hypertension has increased significantly, but there was only a small increase in the proportion of patients recommended for antihypertensive treatment. A large proportion of patients with prescribed antihypertensive medication, had a BP above the target. Unless public health prevention efforts are adopted, the increased prevalence of elevated BP and hypertension will increase cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mesnad Alyabsi
- Population Health Research Section, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reham Gaid
- Population Health Research Section, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Princess Noura Bint Abdul Rahman University, Health, and Rehabilitation Sciences college, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ada Alqunaibet
- Saudi Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Alaskar
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- The Saudi Biobank, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Azra Mahmud
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- The Saudi Biobank, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdulaziz Cardiac Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jahad Alghamdi
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- The Saudi Biobank, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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13
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Povysil G, Butler-Laporte G, Shang N, Weng C, Khan A, Alaamery M, Nakanishi T, Zhou S, Forgetta V, Eveleigh R, Bourgey M, Aziz N, Jones S, Knoppers B, Scherer S, Strug L, Lepage P, Ragoussis J, Bourque G, Alghamdi J, Aljawini N, Albes N, Al-Afghani HM, Alghamdi B, Almutair M, Mahmoud ES, Safie LA, Bardisy HE, Al Harthi FS, Alshareef A, Suliman BA, Alqahtani S, AlMalik A, Alrashed MM, Massadeh S, Mooser V, Lathrop M, Arabi Y, Mbarek H, Saad C, Al-Muftah W, Badji R, Al Thani A, Ismail SI, Gharavi AG, Abedalthagafi MS, Richards JB, Goldstein DB, Kiryluk K. Failure to replicate the association of rare loss-of-function variants in type I IFN immunity genes with severe COVID-19. medRxiv 2020:2020.12.18.20248226. [PMID: 33398295 PMCID: PMC7781338 DOI: 10.1101/2020.12.18.20248226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A recent report found that rare predicted loss-of-function (pLOF) variants across 13 candidate genes in TLR3- and IRF7-dependent type I IFN pathways explain up to 3.5% of severe COVID-19 cases. We performed whole-exome or whole-genome sequencing of 1,934 COVID-19 cases (713 with severe and 1,221 with mild disease) and 15,251 ancestry-matched population controls across four independent COVID-19 biobanks. We then tested if rare pLOF variants in these 13 genes were associated with severe COVID-19. We identified only one rare pLOF mutation across these genes amongst 713 cases with severe COVID-19 and observed no enrichment of pLOFs in severe cases compared to population controls or mild COVID-19 cases. We find no evidence of association of rare loss-of-function variants in the proposed 13 candidate genes with severe COVID-19 outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gundula Povysil
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Guillaume Butler-Laporte
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Ning Shang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University
| | - Chen Weng
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University
| | - Atlas Khan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University
| | - Manal Alaamery
- Developmental Medicine Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- KACST-BWH Center of Excellence for Biomedicine, Joint Centers of Excellence Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST)-Saudi Human Genome Satellite Lab at Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tomoko Nakanishi
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
- Kyoto-McGill International Collaborative School in Genomic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Research Fellow, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Japan
| | - Sirui Zhou
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Robert Eveleigh
- Canadian Centre for Computational Genomics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- McGill Genome Center, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Mathieu Bourgey
- Canadian Centre for Computational Genomics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- McGill Genome Center, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Naveed Aziz
- Canadian COVID Genomics Network, HostSeq Project, Canada
| | - Steven Jones
- Canadian COVID Genomics Network, HostSeq Project, Canada
| | | | | | - Lisa Strug
- Canadian COVID Genomics Network, HostSeq Project, Canada
| | - Pierre Lepage
- Canadian Centre for Computational Genomics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jiannis Ragoussis
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Computational Genomics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Guillaume Bourque
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
- McGill Genome Center, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Computational Genomics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jahad Alghamdi
- Saudi Biobank, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nora Aljawini
- Developmental Medicine Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- KACST-BWH Center of Excellence for Biomedicine, Joint Centers of Excellence Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST)-Saudi Human Genome Satellite Lab at Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nour Albes
- Developmental Medicine Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- KACST-BWH Center of Excellence for Biomedicine, Joint Centers of Excellence Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Intensive Care Department, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hani M. Al-Afghani
- Laboratory Department, Security Forces Hospital, General Directorate of Medical Services, Ministry of Interior, Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Taibah University, Madina, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bader Alghamdi
- Developmental Medicine Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mansour Almutair
- Developmental Medicine Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ebrahim Sabri Mahmoud
- King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST)-Saudi Human Genome Satellite Lab at Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Leen Abu Safie
- Genomics Research Department, Saudi Human Genome Project, King Fahad Medical City and King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hadeel El Bardisy
- Genomics Research Department, Saudi Human Genome Project, King Fahad Medical City and King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fawz S. Al Harthi
- Genomics Research Department, Saudi Human Genome Project, King Fahad Medical City and King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulraheem Alshareef
- Laboratory Department, Security Forces Hospital, General Directorate of Medical Services, Ministry of Interior, Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Taibah University, Madina, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bandar Ali Suliman
- The Liver Transplant Unit, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Alqahtani
- The Liver Transplant Unit, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- The Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
| | - Abdulaziz AlMalik
- Life Science and Environmental Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - May M. Alrashed
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salam Massadeh
- Developmental Medicine Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- KACST-BWH Center of Excellence for Biomedicine, Joint Centers of Excellence Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST)-Saudi Human Genome Satellite Lab at Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vincent Mooser
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Mark Lathrop
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
- Canadian COVID Genomics Network, HostSeq Project, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Computational Genomics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Yaseen Arabi
- King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST)-Saudi Human Genome Satellite Lab at Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Intensive Care Department, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamdi Mbarek
- Qatar Genome Program, Qatar Foundation Research, Development and Innovation, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Chadi Saad
- Qatar Genome Program, Qatar Foundation Research, Development and Innovation, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Wadha Al-Muftah
- Qatar Genome Program, Qatar Foundation Research, Development and Innovation, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Radja Badji
- Qatar Genome Program, Qatar Foundation Research, Development and Innovation, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Asma Al Thani
- Qatar Genome Program, Qatar Foundation Research, Development and Innovation, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Said I. Ismail
- Qatar Genome Program, Qatar Foundation Research, Development and Innovation, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ali G. Gharavi
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University
- Center for Precision Medicine and Genomics. Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Malak S. Abedalthagafi
- Genomics Research Department, Saudi Human Genome Project, King Fahad Medical City and King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Life Science and Environmental Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - J Brent Richards
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
- Department of Twin Research, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - David B. Goldstein
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics & Development, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Krzysztof Kiryluk
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University
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14
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Alsultan A, Alghamdi WA, Alghamdi J, Alharbi AF, Aljutayli A, Albassam A, Almazroo O, Alqahtani S. Clinical pharmacology applications in clinical drug development and clinical care: A focus on Saudi Arabia. Saudi Pharm J 2020; 28:1217-1227. [PMID: 33132716 PMCID: PMC7584801 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2020.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug development, from preclinical to clinical studies, is a lengthy and complex process. There is an increased interest in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) to promote innovation, research and local content including clinical trials (Phase I-IV). Currently, there are over 650 registered clinical trials in Saudi Arabia, and this number is expected to increase. An important part of drug development and clinical trials is to assure the safe and effective use of drugs. Clinical pharmacology plays a vital role in informed decision making during the drug development stage as it focuses on the effects of drugs in humans. Disciplines such as pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and pharmacogenomics are components of clinical pharmacology. It is a growing discipline with a range of applications in all phases of drug development, including selecting optimal doses for Phase I, II and III studies, evaluating bioequivalence and biosimilar studies and designing clinical studies. Incorporating clinical pharmacology in research as well as in the requirements of regulatory agencies will improve the drug development process and accelerate the pipeline. Clinical pharmacology is also applied in direct patient care with the goal of personalizing treatment. Tools such as therapeutic drug monitoring, pharmacogenomics and model informed precision dosing are used to optimize dosing for patients at an individual level. In KSA, the science of clinical pharmacology is underutilized and we believe it is important to raise awareness and educate the scientific community and healthcare professionals in terms of its applications and potential. In this review paper, we provide an overview on the use and applications of clinical pharmacology in both drug development and clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Alsultan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics Unit, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wael A Alghamdi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jahad Alghamdi
- The Saudi Biobank, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer F Alharbi
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ahmed Albassam
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Saeed Alqahtani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics Unit, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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15
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Badreldin HA, Alghamdi J, Alshaya O, Alshehri A, Alreshoud L, Altoukhi R, Vasudevan S, Ismail WW, Mohamed MSA. Real-World Analysis of Potential Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Drug Interactions with Apixaban in Patients with Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation. Int J Gen Med 2020; 13:419-427. [PMID: 32801838 PMCID: PMC7383111 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s260813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose We conducted this study to assess the real-world prevalence, nature, predictors, and clinical necessity of apixaban pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) drug interactions in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) at a tertiary medical institution in Saudi Arabia. Patients and Methods An observational retrospective cohort analysis was conducted in adult patients diagnosed with NVAF receiving apixaban for stroke prevention from the period of June 2015 to May 2019. Results Of the 1271 patients included in the analysis, 611 (48.1%) patients had potential PD– or PK–drug interactions with apixaban. Of those, 490 (38.6%) patients had potential PD drug–drug interactions (DDIs) and 121 (9.5%) patients had potential PK-DDIs. PD-DDIs with apixaban were mainly with antiplatelet therapy followed by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and antidepressants. PK-DDIs with apixaban were mainly with combined P-gp/CYP3A4 inhibitors or inducers. History of minor bleeding was positively correlated with PD-DDIs with apixaban, ß coefficient = 0.455 (OR 1.58; 95% CI 1.01–2.45); p<0.05. History of acute coronary syndrome was positively correlated with PD-DDIs with apixaban, ß coefficient = 0.515 (OR 1.60; 95% CI 1.36–1.99); p<0.05. History of heart failure was positively correlated with PK-DDIs with apixaban, ß coefficient = 0.459 (OR 1.58; 95% CI 1.07–2.35); p<0.05. Almost 15% of the included patients had no clinical indication to receive the potential interacting drug with apixaban and about 20% of them were assuming an inappropriate apixaban dose according to the product package insert. Conclusion Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics interactions are common in more than half of the patients with NVAF receiving apixaban for stroke prevention in this real-world analysis. Some of these interacting medications are not indicated. Drug–drug interactions should always be considered and monitored with apixaban with a regular assessment of the need for any interacting medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisham A Badreldin
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jahad Alghamdi
- The Saudi Biobank, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar Alshaya
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmajeed Alshehri
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lamya Alreshoud
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Renad Altoukhi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Senthilvel Vasudevan
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wesam W Ismail
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Mohamed Salih Aziz Mohamed
- Adult Cardiology Department, College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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16
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Alghamdi J, Alqadi A, Alharf A, Almuzzaini B, Mahmud A, Barhoumi T, Badreldin HA, Alaamery M, Padmanabhan S. Blood pressure–lowering activity of statins: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis of placebo-randomized controlled trials. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2020; 76:1745-1754. [DOI: 10.1007/s00228-020-02965-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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17
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Al Ammari M, AlBalwi M, Sultana K, Alabdulkareem IB, Almuzzaini B, Almakhlafi NS, Aldrees M, Alghamdi J. The effect of the VKORC1 promoter variant on warfarin responsiveness in the Saudi WArfarin Pharmacogenetic (SWAP) cohort. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11613. [PMID: 32669629 PMCID: PMC7363835 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68519-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Warfarin is a frequently prescribed oral anticoagulant with a narrow therapeutic index, requiring careful dosing and monitoring. However, patients respond with significant inter-individual variability in terms of the dose and responsiveness of warfarin, attributed to genetic polymorphisms within the genes responsible for the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of warfarin. Extensive warfarin pharmacogenetic studies have been conducted, including studies resulting in genotype-guided dosing guidelines, but few large scale studies have been conducted with the Saudi population. In this study, we report the study design and baseline characteristics of the Saudi WArfarin Pharmacogenomics (SWAP) cohort, as well as the association of the VKORC1 promoter variants with the warfarin dose and the time to a stable INR. In the 936 Saudi patients recruited in the SWAP study, the minor allele C of rs9923231 was significantly associated with a 8.45 mg higher weekly warfarin dose (p value = 4.0 × 10-46), as well as with a significant delay in achieving a stable INR level. The addition of the rs9923231 status to the model, containing all the significant clinical variables, doubled the warfarin dose explained variance to 31%. The SWAP cohort represents a valuable resource for future research with the objective of identifying rare and prevalent genetic variants, which can be incorporated in personalized anticoagulation therapy for the Saudi population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Al Ammari
- Pharmaceutical Care Services, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed AlBalwi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khizra Sultana
- Research Office, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim B Alabdulkareem
- Health Sciences Research Center, King Abdullah Bin Abdulaziz University Hospital, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bader Almuzzaini
- Medical Genomics Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nada S Almakhlafi
- Pharmaceutical Care Services, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Aldrees
- Medical Genomics Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jahad Alghamdi
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, The Saudi Biobank, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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18
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Abdel-Gaber R, Al Quraishy S, Dkhil MA, Alghamdi J, Al-Shaebi E. Molecular phylogeny of Sarcocystis fayeri (Apicomplexa: Sarcocystidae) from the domestic horse Equus caballus based on 18S rRNA gene sequences and its prevalence. Lett Appl Microbiol 2020; 71:377-385. [PMID: 32472702 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Sarcocystosis is a parasitic disease caused by an intracellular protozoan parasite Sarcocystis belonging to the phylum Apicomplexa. These parasites have a requisite two-host life cycle. Recently, there are many Sarcocystis species that identified morphologically. In the present study, diaphragmatic muscle samples from the domestic horse (Equus caballus) were examined for Sarcocystis infection. The natural infection with sarcocysts was recorded to be 62·5% for only microcysts in the infected muscles. Molecular analysis using the 18S rRNA gene was conducted to swiftly and accurately identify the recovered species. Studies on the expression of the 18S rRNA gene have confirmed that the present parasite isolates belong to the Sarcocystis genus. The sequence data showed significant identities (>80%) with archived gene sequences from species within the Sarcocystidae family, and a dendrogram showing the phylogenetic relationship was constructed. The most closely related species were the previously described Sarcocystis fayeri and Sarcocystis bertrami. The current data showed that the present species was identified as S. fayeri and deposited in GenBank (accession number MF614956.1). This study highlights the importance of the genetic data in the exact taxonomy within sarcocystid species.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Abdel-Gaber
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - S Al Quraishy
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - M A Dkhil
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - J Alghamdi
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - E Al-Shaebi
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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19
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Aljarba NH, Al-Anazi MR, Shafeai MI, Rudiny FH, Bin Dajem SM, Alothaid H, Darraj M, Alkahtani S, Alghamdi J, Al-Ahdal MN, Al-Qahtani AA. Interleukin-22 Polymorphisms in Plasmodium falciparum-Infected Malaria Patients. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:5193723. [PMID: 32148440 PMCID: PMC7049855 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5193723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives. Malaria infection, caused by Plasmodium falciparum, is the most lethal and frequently culminates in severe clinical complications. Interleukin-22 (IL-22) has been implicated in several diseases including malaria. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of IL-22 gene polymorphisms in P. falciparum infection. Material and Methods. Ten single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), rs976748, rs1179246, rs2046068, rs1182844, rs2227508, rs2227513, rs2227478, rs2227481, rs2227491, and rs2227483, of IL-22 gene were genotyped through PCR-based assays of 250 P. falciparum infection. IL-22 gene promoter activity. RESULTS We found that the rs2227481 TT genotype (odds ratio 0.254, confidence interval = 0.097-0.663, P. P. falciparum infection. P. P. P. P. CONCLUSION The study suggests that IL-22 polymorphisms in rs2227481 and rs2227483 could contribute to protection against P. falciparum infection. IL-22 gene promoter activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada H. Aljarba
- Biology Department, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mashael R. Al-Anazi
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Research Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Saad M. Bin Dajem
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hani Alothaid
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majid Darraj
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad Alkahtani
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jahad Alghamdi
- The Saudi Biobank, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed N. Al-Ahdal
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Research Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Alfaisal University, School of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A. Al-Qahtani
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Research Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Alfaisal University, School of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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20
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Alkahtane AA, Albasher G, Al-Sultan NK, Alqahtani WS, Alarifi S, Almeer RS, Alghamdi J, Ali D, Alahmari A, Alkahtani S. Long-term treatment with finasteride induces apoptosis and pathological changes in female mice. Hum Exp Toxicol 2019; 38:762-774. [PMID: 30943778 DOI: 10.1177/0960327119842195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Androgenetic alopecia is the most common type of alopecia, and it affects humans of both genders. Finasteride is a type II selective 5α-reductase inhibitor that is administered orally to treat androgenetic alopecia and benign prostatic hyperplasia in human males. However, its effect on the vital organs of females is unknown. This study was designed to investigate the effects of finasteride on the vital organs such as liver, kidney, and heart of female mice. To study the prospective effects of finasteride, female mice were orally administered two doses of finasteride (0.5 and 1.5 mg/kg) once daily for 35 days, and serum levels of various biochemical parameters and histopathology of various organs were examined. The results showed that serum levels of alkaline phosphatase were significantly increased by both high- and low-dose finasteride, whereas cholesterol was significantly increased by the high dose only. Creatine kinase was significantly increased by the high and low doses, whereas glucose was significantly decreased by both doses. Histopathological analysis and DNA damage assays showed that finasteride has adverse effects within both the short and the long periods in female mice. In addition, the proapoptotic genes Bax and caspase-3 were significantly increased by high dose finasteride, whereas the antiapoptotic gene Bcl-2 was significantly decreased by the low and high doses. In conclusion, finasteride is not currently approved for therapeutic use in females, and the findings in this study suggest caution in any future consideration of such use.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Alkahtane
- 1 Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - G Albasher
- 1 Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - N K Al-Sultan
- 1 Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - W S Alqahtani
- 2 Department of Forensic Biology, College of Forensic Sciences, Naif Arab University for Security Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - S Alarifi
- 1 Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - R S Almeer
- 1 Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - J Alghamdi
- 1 Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - D Ali
- 1 Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - A Alahmari
- 3 Department of Biology, Science College, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - S Alkahtani
- 1 Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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21
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Alghamdi J, Matou-Nasri S, Alghamdi F, Alghamdi S, Alfadhel M, Padmanabhan S. Risk of Neuropsychiatric Adverse Effects of Lipid-Lowering Drugs: A Mendelian Randomization Study. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2018; 21:1067-1075. [PMID: 29986042 PMCID: PMC6276028 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyy060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have highlighted the possible risk of neuropsychiatric adverse effects during treatment with lipid-lowering medications. However, there are still controversies that require a novel genetic-based approach to verify whether the impact of lipid-lowering drug treatment results in neuropsychiatric troubles including insomnia, depression, and neuroticism. Thus, we applied Mendelian randomization to assess any potential neuropsychiatric adverse effects of conventional lipid-lowering drugs such as statins, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors, and ezetimibe. METHODS A 2-sample Mendelian randomization study was conducted based on summary statistics from genome-wide association studies for lipids, insomnia, depression, and neuroticism. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms located in or near drug target genes of HMGCR, PCSK9, and NPC1L1 were used as proxies for statins, PCSK9 inhibitors, and ezetimibe therapy, respectively. To assess the validity of the genetic risk score, their associations with coronary artery disease were used as a positive control. RESULTS The Mendelian randomization analysis showed a statistically significant (P <.004) increased risk of depression after correcting for multiple testing with both statins (odds ratio=1.15, 95% CI: 1.04-1.19) and PCSK9 inhibitor treatment (odds ratio =1.19, 95%CI: 1.1-1.29). The risk of neuroticism was slightly reduced with statin therapy (odds ratio=0.9, 95%CI: 0.83-0.97). No significant adverse effects were associated with ezetimibe treatment. As expected, the 3 medications significantly reduced the risk of coronary artery disease. CONCLUSION Using a genetic-based approach, this study showed an increased risk of depression during statin and PCSK9 inhibitor therapy while their association with insomnia risk was not significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jahad Alghamdi
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center / King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Medical Genomics Research Department – Ministry of National Guard - Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,Correspondence: Jahad Alghamdi, PhD, Medical Genomic Research Department (MGRD), King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), P.O. Box 22490, Riyadh 11426 KSA Mail Code 1515, Saudi Arabia ()
| | - Sabine Matou-Nasri
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center / King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Medical Genomics Research Department – Ministry of National Guard - Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Alghamdi
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center / King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Medical Genomics Research Department – Ministry of National Guard - Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Alghamdi
- King Saud University, College of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majid Alfadhel
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center / King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Medical Genomics Research Department – Ministry of National Guard - Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sandosh Padmanabhan
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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22
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Quinn TJ, Alghamdi J, Padmanabhan S, Porteous DJ, Smith BH, Hocking L, Deary IJ, Gallacher J, Messow M, Stott DJ. Association between cognition and gene polymorphisms involved in thrombosis and haemostasis. Age (Dordr) 2015; 37:9820. [PMID: 26228839 PMCID: PMC5005822 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-015-9820-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
An association between blood markers of thrombosis and haemostasis and cognitive decline has been described. These results may be confounded by lifestyle and environmental factors. We used a Mendelian randomisation approach to describe the association between thrombosis/haemostasis genotypes and cognition. We studied the genetic variants (single nucleotide polymorphisms) of circulating markers of thrombosis and haemostasis. Our chosen blood factors and associated polymorphisms were D-dimer [rs12029080], fibrinogen [rs1800789], plasminogen activator inhibitor [rs2227631], and von Willebrand factor [rs1063857]. We described association with multidomain cognitive test scores using data from the Scottish Family Health Study. Cognitive data were analysed for individual tests and combined to give a general cognitive factor. In 20,288 subjects, we found no evidence of association between cognitive function (individual tests and combined scores) and any of the above-mentioned single nucleotide polymorphisms. Lower scores on cognitive measures were associated with increasing age, socioeconomic deprivation, blood pressure, waist-hip ratio, smoking, and vascular comorbidity (all p < 0.001). In a post hoc sensitivity analysis restricted to those aged over 50 years, there was still no signal of association. Our data add to our understanding of determinants of cognition but are not definitive; the variation in blood levels explained by SNPs was modest and our sample size may have been insufficient to detect a modest association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terence J Quinn
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, New Lister Building, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, G31 2ER, UK,
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