1
|
Ruff JH, Tufts S, Robertson J, Horne C, Schnabel LV, Jacobs C. No correlation found between palpation and ultrasound for evaluation of effusion in the medial femorotibial and femoropatellar joint compartments of horses. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2024; 262:476-480. [PMID: 38183770 DOI: 10.2460/javma.23.10.0582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare palpation and ultrasound scores of effusion of the medial femorotibial and femoropatellar joints of horses. ANIMALS 40 horses (80 stifles) were evaluated over a 12-week period. METHODS Horses > 1 year of age without history of stifle disease were enrolled from September to December 2022. Palpation of right and left medial femorotibial and femoropatellar joint compartments was performed. Amount of effusion was scored by a board-certified large animal surgeon, a third-year large animal surgery resident, and an equine sports medicine intern. Effusion of right and left medial femorotibial and femoropatellar joints was quantified with ultrasound by a board-certified equine sports medicine and rehabilitation clinician. Amount of effusion on palpation and ultrasound was graded as none-mild (1), moderate (2), or severe (3). A 2-way intraclass correlation coefficient evaluated interrater reliability of palpation scores. The Spearman rank correlation determined association between palpation and ultrasound scores. RESULTS Interrater reliability for palpation of effusion was poor between all observers for all joint compartments. No significant correlation was identified between palpation and ultrasound scores for any joint compartment for any observer. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Clinicians often rely on palpation of joint effusion as an indication of stifle pathology. We found interrater reliability to be poor for palpation scores, indicating low agreement for palpation of joint effusion between clinicians within our group. No correlation was found between palpation and ultrasound scores for joint effusion, indicating that clinicians should not rely on palpation alone to quantify joint effusion of the medial femorotibial and femoropatellar joints.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer H Ruff
- 1Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Sara Tufts
- 1Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - James Robertson
- 1Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Caitlyn Horne
- 1Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Lauren V Schnabel
- 1Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
- 2Comparative Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Carrie Jacobs
- 1Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Best CS, Matheson C, Robertson J, Ritchie T, Cowden F, Dumbrell J, Duncan C, Kessavalou K, Woolston C, Schofield J. Association between benzodiazepine coprescription and mortality in people on opioid replacement therapy: a population-based cohort study. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e074668. [PMID: 38485490 PMCID: PMC10941108 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-074668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between opioid replacement therapy (ORT) and benzodiazepine (BZD) coprescription and all-cause mortality compared with the prescription of ORT alone. DESIGN Population-based cohort study. SETTING Scotland, UK. PARTICIPANTS Participants were people prescribed ORT between January 2010 and end of December 2020 aged 18 years or above. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES All-cause mortality, drug-related deaths and non-drug related deaths. SECONDARY OUTCOME ORT continuous treatment duration. ANALYSIS Cox regression with time-varying covariates. RESULTS During follow-up, 5776 of 46 899 participants died: 1398 while on coprescription and 4378 while on ORT only. The mortality per 100 person years was 3.11 during coprescription and 2.34 on ORT only. The adjusted HR for all-cause mortality was 1.17 (1.10 to 1.24). The adjusted HR for drug-related death was 1.14 (95% CI, 1.04 to 1.24) and the hazard for death not classified as drug-related was 1.19 (95% CI, 1.09 to 1.30). CONCLUSION Coprescription of BZDs in ORT was associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality, although with a small effect size than the international literature. Coprescribing was also associated with longer retention in treatment. Risk from BZD coprescription needs to be balanced against the risk from illicit BZDs and unplanned treatment discontinuation. A randomised controlled trial is urgently needed to provide a clear clinical direction. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT04622995.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - James Robertson
- Muirhouse Medical Group, Edinburgh, UK
- University of Edinburgh, Usher Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Joe Schofield
- School of Health in Social Science, The University of Edinburgh College of Humanities and Social Science, Edinburgh, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
McNiven M, Thevaranjan N, Yau D, Robertson J, Oluwole O, Buse J, Inman M. Dried Blood Spot Test for Glycated Hemoglobin Measurement in Pediatric Diabetes Care. Can J Diabetes 2024; 48:74-81. [PMID: 37839678 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2023.10.401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The dried blood spot (DBS) card is a novel collection method for measuring glycated hemoglobin (A1C) in individuals with diabetes mellitus. The potential benefits of DBS specimens compared with traditional phlebotomy include a reduction in required total blood volume, reduced procedural pain, and an ability for self-initiated collection. DBS cards for A1C measurement have been validated in the adult population, but there is a paucity of pediatric data. METHODS The aim of this study was to validate the use of A1C measurement by DBS cards in comparison to venous A1C and to identify potential barriers to implementing this novel approach. Venous and DBS card A1C samples were collected simultaneously from 62 patients at their local laboratory and transported to the central provincial lab for analysis. Correlation analyses compared venous and DBS A1C with data rescaling performed to account for the DBS-venous interassay difference. RESULTS Mean venous A1C was 7.49% and DBS A1C was 7.26%, with an interassay difference of 0.23%. Data showed a strong, positive correlation between A1C collection methods (r=0.86, p<0.001); this was further strengthened at lower A1C values (A1C <7.5%, r=0.87, p<0.0001). A stronger relationship emerged when the data were rescaled to account for the DBS-venous interassay difference (r=0.8935, p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Given the potential feasibility, practicality, accessibility, cost-effectiveness, and performance characteristics of the DBS A1C, especially at lower A1C values hovering around the diagnostic threshold for diabetes, this study provides supporting evidence for consideration of the use of DBS A1C testing in pediatric diabetes care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mallory McNiven
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Saskatchewan, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Netusha Thevaranjan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Daphne Yau
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - James Robertson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Saskatchewan, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Oluwafemi Oluwole
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Joshua Buse
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Mark Inman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Schreeg ME, Cullen JM, Robertson J, Gookin JL. Histologic characterization of the major duodenal papilla and association with concurrent biliary, pancreatic, and intestinal pathology in cats. Vet Pathol 2024; 61:207-220. [PMID: 37560792 DOI: 10.1177/03009858231189450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Conjoining of the major pancreatic duct and common bile duct at the major duodenal papilla (MDP) is suspected to predispose cats to the clinical syndrome of "triaditis." However, microanatomy of the MDP or presence of lesions at the MDP has not been assessed in cats with or without triaditis. The aims of this study were to characterize feline MDP histomorphology and to identify associations between MDP anatomy/disease and the presence of biliary, pancreatic, or intestinal inflammation or neoplasia. Histologic assessment was prospectively performed on the MDP, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, liver, and pancreas from 124 client-owned cats undergoing postmortem examination. The majority of cats (104/124, 84%) had a complex ductular network at the MDP, with no distinction between pancreatic and common bile ducts. Lymphoid aggregates at the MDP were common (63/124, 51%). Inflammation of the MDP (MDPitis) was present in 35 of 124 cats (28%) and was often concurrent with cholangitis, pancreatitis, or enteritis (32/35, 91%), but was only associated with enteritis (19/35, 54%, P < .05). Triaditis was less common (19/124, 15%), but was associated with both conjoined MDP anatomy (19/19, 100%, P < .05) and MDPitis (12/19, 63%, P < .05). Neoplasia was present in 37 of 124 cats (29%), with lymphoma (28/37, 78%) predominating. Enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma type 2 (EATL2) was most common (n = 16/37, 43%) and was associated with triaditis and MDPitis (P < .05). These findings suggest that anatomy, immune activation, and/or inflammation of the MDP may play a role in the pathogenesis of triaditis. Further studies are needed to elucidate the relationships between triaditis, MDPitis, and EATL2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Schreeg
- North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Aberle MG, de Caritat P, Robertson J, Hoogewerff JA. A robust interpolation-based method for forensic soil provenancing: A Bayesian likelihood ratio approach. Forensic Sci Int 2023; 353:111883. [PMID: 37977061 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2023.111883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Soil is a complex and spatially variable material that has a demonstrated potential as a useful evidence class in forensic casework and intelligence operations. Here, the capability to spatially constrain police search areas and prioritise resources by triaging areas as low and high interest is advantageous. Conducted between 2017 and 2021, a forensically relevant topsoil survey (0-5 cm depth; 1 sample per 1 km2) was carried out over Canberra, Australia, aiming to document the distribution of chemical elements in an urban/suburban environment, and of acting as a testbed for investigating various aspects of forensic soil provenancing. Geochemical data from X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF; for total major oxides) and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS; for trace elements) following a total digestion (HF + HNO3) of the fused XRF beads were obtained from the survey's 685 topsoil samples (plus 138 additional quality control samples and six "Blind" simulated evidentiary samples). Using those "Blind" samples, we document a likelihood ratio approach where for each grid cell the analytical similarity between the grid cell and evidentiary sample is attributed from a measure of overlap between the two Cauchy distributions, including appropriate uncertainties. Unlike existing methods that base inclusion/exclusion on an arbitrary threshold (e.g., ± three standard deviations), our approach is free from strict binary or Boolean thresholds, providing an unconstrained gradual transition dictated by the analytical similarity. Using this provenancing model, we present and evaluate a new method for upscaling from a fine (25 m x 25 m) interpolated grid to a more appropriate coarser (500 m x 500 m) grid. In addition, an objective method using Random Match Probabilities for ranking individual variables to be used for provenancing prior to receiving evidentiary material was demonstrated. Our results show this collective procedure generates more consistent and robust provenance maps when applied to two different interpolation algorithms (e.g., inverse distance weighting, and natural neighbour), with different grid placements (e.g., grid shifts to the north or east) and by different theoretical users (e.g., different computer systems, or forensic geoscientists).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Aberle
- National Centre for Forensic Studies, University of Canberra, Bruce, Australian Capital Territory 2617, Australia.
| | - Patrice de Caritat
- National Centre for Forensic Studies, University of Canberra, Bruce, Australian Capital Territory 2617, Australia; Geoscience Australia, GPO Box 378, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - James Robertson
- National Centre for Forensic Studies, University of Canberra, Bruce, Australian Capital Territory 2617, Australia
| | - Jurian A Hoogewerff
- National Centre for Forensic Studies, University of Canberra, Bruce, Australian Capital Territory 2617, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Veerasammy B, Gonzalez G, Báez-Ramos P, Schaaf CR, Stewart AS, Ludwig EK, McKinney-Aguirre C, Freund J, Robertson J, Gonzalez LM. Changes in equine intestinal stem/progenitor cell number at resection margins in cases of small intestinal strangulation. Equine Vet J 2023; 55:995-1002. [PMID: 36716291 PMCID: PMC10387127 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal epithelial stem cells (ISC) are responsible for epithelial regeneration and are critical to the intestine's ability to regain barrier function following injury. Evaluating ISC biomarker expression in cases of small intestinal strangulation (SIS) may provide insight into clinical progression. OBJECTIVES Intestinal resection margins from cases of SIS were evaluated to determine if (1) evidence of injury could be identified using histomorphometry, (2) ISC biomarker expression was decreased in the proximal resection margin compared to control and distal resection margin, and (3) the ISC biomarker expression was associated with the number of preoperative risk factors negatively related to outcome, post-operative complications, or case outcome. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. METHODS Intestinal samples were obtained intraoperatively from resection margins of adult horses with SIS and horses euthanised for reasons unrelated to colic. Preoperative risk factors negatively related to outcome, post-operative complications, and case outcome were obtained from medical records. Horses were grouped as euthanised intraoperatively, postoperatively, or survived to discharge. Histomorphometry and immunofluorescence were performed to evaluate tissue architecture and ISC and progenitor cell number. Groups were compared using one-way ANOVA. Associations between biomarker expression and the number of preoperative risk factors and post-operative complications negatively related to outcome were determined using linear regression modelling. RESULTS Thirty-six cases of SIS were evaluated. Ki67+ cell counts were decreased in the proximal (mean = 15.45 cells; 95% CI = 10.27-20.63; SD = 4.17; p = 0.02) and distal resection margins (mean = 15.05; 95% CI = 8.46-21.64; SD = 4.141; p = 0.03) in horses euthanised postoperatively compared to control (mean = 23.62 cells; 95% CI = 19.42-27.83; SD = 5.883). In the distal resection margin, an increase in SOX9+ Ki67+ cells were associated with a decrease in the total number of preoperative risk factors negatively related to outcome (95% CI = 0.236-1.123; p = 0.008, SE = 0.1393). MAIN LIMITATIONS Small population size. CONCLUSIONS Proliferating cell and ISC numbers may be associated with case outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brittany Veerasammy
- North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Gabriel Gonzalez
- North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Patricia Báez-Ramos
- North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Cecilia R Schaaf
- North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Amy Stieler Stewart
- North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Elsa K Ludwig
- North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - John Freund
- North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - James Robertson
- North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Liara M Gonzalez
- North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Michalski JM, Moughan J, Purdy JA, Bruner DW, Amin M, Bahary JP, Lau H, Duclos M, Yee D, Morton G, Dess RT, Doncals DE, Lock MI, Lukka H, Baumann BC, Vigneault E, Kwok Y, Robertson J, Schwartz DL, Sandler HM. Long-Term Outcomes of NRG/RTOG 0126, a Randomized Trial of High Dose (79.2 Gy) vs. Standard Dose (70.2 Gy) Radiation Therapy (RT) for Men with Localized Prostate Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:S4-S5. [PMID: 37784491 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) NRG/RTOG 0126, a phase III trial for men with localized prostate cancer testing whether dose escalation to 79.2 Gy with 3DCRT/IMRT improved overall survival (OS). Long-term results of this trial are presented. MATERIALS/METHODS Patients with clinical stage T1b-T2b and either Gleason Score (GS) 2-6 and 10 ≤ PSA < 20 or GS 7 and PSA < 15 were eligible and randomized to receive 79.2 Gy or 70.2 Gy. No previous or concurrent androgen withdrawal therapy was administered. Treatment was delivered with 3DCRT/IMRT to a dose of 79.2 Gy in 44 fractions or 70.2 Gy in 39 fractions to the PTV encompassing the prostate and seminal vesicles. Image guidance was not required. ASTRO and Phoenix definitions were used for biochemical failure (ABF and PBF, respectively). OS was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method and arms compared with the log-rank test. ABF, PBF, local progression (LP), distant metastases (DM) and time to late GI/GU toxicities were estimated by the cumulative incidence method and arms compared with Gray's test. RESULTS One thousand five hundred thirty-two men were randomized, 763 to 79.2 Gy and 769 to 70.2 Gy. 1499 were eligible, 748 and 751 in the 79.2 Gy and 70.2 Gy arms respectively. Median age was 71, 70% had PSA < 10 ng/ml, 84% with GS 7, 57% had T1 disease, and 66% treated with 3D-CRT. Outcomes are shown in the TABLE: . With a median follow up of 12 years, there was no significant difference in OS. There was a statistically significant decrease in the cumulative incidence of ABF, PBF, DM, LP, and salvage therapies in the 79.2 Gy arm. There were significantly higher rates of grade 2+ GI and GU toxicity in the 79.2 Gy arm. There were no statistically significant differences in the rates of grade 3+ GU or GI toxicity between either arm. CONCLUSION Long term follow up confirms no improvement in OS with dose escalation in this study population. However, there are significant improvements in ABF, PBF, DM, LP, and need for salvage therapy. Despite the use of more salvage therapy in the low dose arm, dose escalated RT resulted in lower rates of DM, a clinically relevant endpoint. Patients receiving dose escalation do experience a higher rate of grade 2+ GU and GI toxicity but no worse grade 3+ toxicities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J M Michalski
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - J Moughan
- NRG Oncology Statistics and Data Management Center/ACR, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | | | - M Amin
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN
| | - J P Bahary
- Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - H Lau
- University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - M Duclos
- McGill University Health Centre, Division of Radiation Oncology, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - D Yee
- Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - G Morton
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - R T Dess
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | - M I Lock
- London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada
| | - H Lukka
- Juravinski Cancer Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - B C Baumann
- Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Department of Radiation Oncology, St. Louis, MO
| | - E Vigneault
- CHU de Quebec-L'Hotel-Dieu de Quebec (HDQ), Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Y Kwok
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland Proton Treatment Center, Baltimore, MD
| | - J Robertson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Corewell Health William Beaumont University Hospital, Royal Oak, MI
| | | | - H M Sandler
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Robertson J, Almahariq MF, Quinn TJ, Ye H, Rutka E, Qu L. Comparing Patient Reported Satisfaction Following Telehealth and In-Person Medical Encounters. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:S125. [PMID: 37784322 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Telehealth patient encounters can increase access to healthcare and allow for its provision in a safe manner during pandemics. Telehealth is particularly important for oncology patients who might be at risk of severe infections during potential periodic increases of COVID-19 infections. There is a lack of studies examining the impact of telemedicine on quality of care. Herein, we report our recent institutional experience with patient reported satisfaction and engagement during telehealth encounters. MATERIALS/METHODS Following each medical encounter in our radiation oncology department, patients are invited to complete a National Research Corporation (NRC) survey rating their satisfaction. We retrospectively analyzed the available survey results for patients who had a medical encounter between March 2020 and January 2022 at any of the four radiation oncology facilities within our institution. We examined patient responses to four questions including "provider would recommend" and "facility would recommend", both rated on a scale of 1-10, with 10 indicating the highest likelihood. The other two questions included "had enough input" into care, and "good communication with staff", both rated on a Likert scale from 1 to 4 (1 as "No", 2 as "Yes, somewhat", 3 as "Yes, mostly", 4 as "Yes, definitely"). We dichotomized the results for each question as favorable or unfavorable, with favorable being a score ≥9 for the first two questions, or ≥3 for the remaining questions. We used univariate (UVA) and multivariable (MVA) logistic regression analyses to compare telehealth and in-person encounters. Odds ratio (OR) were calculated for each question. RESULTS We collected 5,672 surveys, of which 1,027 (18%) were for telehealth encounters. For all four of the examined categories in the survey, patients reported less satisfaction following telehealth visits compared to in-person visits in UVA and MVA logistic regression analyses. For MVA, we included type of encounter, patient age, patient race, patient sex, facility location, type of insurance, and year of visit. The MVA OR of a patient reporting < 9 for a telehealth compared to an in-person encounter were 1.46 ((95% CI 1.1-1.9, P 0.007) for "had enough input" into care, 1.46 (95% CI 1.1-1.9, P 0.007) for "good communication with staff", 1.43 (95% CI 1.1-1.86, P 0.007) for "facility would recommend", and 1.57 (95% CI 0.92-2.59, P 0.08) for provider would recommend. CONCLUSION In this retrospective analysis, we found that patients were less likely to report high satisfaction with telehealth compared to in-person encounters. Further research is needed to address potential limitations of telemedicine encounters to increase access to health, particularly for patients at risk of severe infections, without compromising overall quality of care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Robertson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Corewell Health William Beaumont University Hospital, Royal Oak, MI
| | - M F Almahariq
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Corewell Health William Beaumont University Hospital, Royal Oak, MI
| | - T J Quinn
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Corewell Health William Beaumont University Hospital, Royal Oak, MI
| | - H Ye
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Corewell Health William Beaumont University Hospital, Royal Oak, MI
| | - E Rutka
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Corewell Health William Beaumont University Hospital, Royal Oak, MI
| | - L Qu
- Research Institute, Corewell Health William Beaumont University Hospital, Royal Oak, MI
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yang TS, LaDouceur EEB, Baumgartner WA, Marr HS, Karounos M, Robertson J, Whitehurst N, Miller LS, Birkenheuer AJ. A practical protocol to prepare paraffin-embedded whole tick histology sections. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2023; 14:102162. [PMID: 36965259 PMCID: PMC10652274 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2023.102162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
Ticks are important ectoparasites that are capable of transmitting multiple classes of pathogens and are currently linked with many emerging tick-borne diseases worldwide. With increasing occurrences of tick-borne diseases in both humans and veterinary species, there is a continuous need to further our understanding of ticks and the pathogens they transmit. Whole tick histology provides a full scope of the tick internal anatomy, allowing researchers to examine multiple organs of interest in a single section. This is in contrast to other techniques that are more commonly utilized in tick-borne disease research, such as electron microscopy and light microscopy of individual organs. There is a lack of literature describing a practical technique to process whole tick histologic sections. Therefore, the current study aims to provide researchers with a workable protocol to prepare high quality paraffin-embedded whole tick histology sections. Amblyomma americanum adults were used as an example species for this study. After a series of pilot experiments using a combination of various fixatives, softening agents and processing techniques, we elected to compare two common fixatives, 10% neutral-buffered formalin (NBF) and Bouin's solution for whole ticks. Equal numbers of A. americanum unfed adults (n = 10/fixative) were processed identically and their whole tick histology coronal sections were individually scored. Higher scores were assigned to whole tick sections that contained more internal organs that are crucial for tick-borne disease research (e.g. salivary glands and midgut), high integrity of tissues and exoskeleton on the section, and good fixation and staining quality of the tissues. The mean total scores for Bouin's-fixed ticks were significantly higher compared to NBF-fixed ticks (p = 0.001). To further assess our preferred technique, we also demonstrated the feasibility of producing high quality whole tick sections for three other common tick species of medical importance (Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Ixodes scapularis, and Dermacentor variabilis) using Bouin's solution. While this technique may require further optimization for other tick species, we described a feasible protocol that uses commonly available tools, reagents and standard histologic equipment. This should allow any investigator to easily make adjustments to this protocol as needed based on their experimental goals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tzushan S Yang
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Elise E B LaDouceur
- Joint Pathology Center, Veterinary Pathology Services, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Wes A Baumgartner
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61802, USA
| | - Henry S Marr
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Michael Karounos
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - James Robertson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA; Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Nathan Whitehurst
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Laura S Miller
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Adam J Birkenheuer
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lucas SEM, Raspin K, Mackintosh J, Glaspole I, Reynolds PN, Chia C, Grainge C, Kendall P, Troy L, Schwartz DA, Wood-Baker R, Walsh SLF, Moodley Y, Robertson J, Macansh S, Walters EH, Chambers D, Corte TJ, Dickinson JL. Preclinical interstitial lung disease in relatives of familial pulmonary fibrosis patients. Pulmonology 2023; 29:257-260. [PMID: 36216738 DOI: 10.1016/j.pulmoe.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S E M Lucas
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - K Raspin
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - J Mackintosh
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; QLD Lung Transplant Service, Department of Thoracic Medicine, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - I Glaspole
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - P N Reynolds
- Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia; University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - C Chia
- Launceston General Hospital, Launceston, TAS, Australia
| | - C Grainge
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - P Kendall
- Respiratory Medicine Service, Albany, WA, Australia; School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - L Troy
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia; School of Medicine, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - D A Schwartz
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - R Wood-Baker
- Tasmanian School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - S L F Walsh
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, England, UK
| | - Y Moodley
- University of Western Australia, Institute for Respiratory Health, Perth, WA, Australia; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - J Robertson
- Border Physicians Group, West Albury, NSW, Australia
| | - S Macansh
- Lung Foundation Australia, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - E H Walters
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia; Tasmanian School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - D Chambers
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; QLD Lung Transplant Service, Department of Thoracic Medicine, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - T J Corte
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia; School of Medicine, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - J L Dickinson
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Robertson J, Schonfeld J, Bessonov K, Bastedo P, Nash JHE. A global survey of Salmonella plasmids and their associations with antimicrobial resistance. Microb Genom 2023; 9. [PMID: 37200081 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.001002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- James Robertson
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Justin Schonfeld
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Kyrylo Bessonov
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Patrick Bastedo
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - John H E Nash
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Thomas R, Wiley CA, Droste EL, Robertson J, Inman BA, Breen M. Whole exome sequencing analysis of canine urothelial carcinomas without BRAF V595E mutation: Short in-frame deletions in BRAF and MAP2K1 suggest alternative mechanisms for MAPK pathway disruption. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010575. [PMID: 37079639 PMCID: PMC10153751 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular profiling studies have shown that 85% of canine urothelial carcinomas (UC) harbor an activating BRAF V595E mutation, which is orthologous to the V600E variant found in several human cancer subtypes. In dogs, this mutation provides both a powerful diagnostic marker and a potential therapeutic target; however, due to their relative infrequency, the remaining 15% of cases remain understudied at the molecular level. We performed whole exome sequencing analysis of 28 canine urine sediments exhibiting the characteristic DNA copy number signatures of canine UC, in which the BRAF V595E mutation was undetected (UDV595E specimens). Among these we identified 13 specimens (46%) harboring short in-frame deletions within either BRAF exon 12 (7/28 cases) or MAP2K1 exons 2 or 3 (6/28 cases). Orthologous variants occur in several human cancer subtypes and confer structural changes to the protein product that are predictive of response to different classes of small molecule MAPK pathway inhibitors. DNA damage response and repair genes, and chromatin modifiers were also recurrently mutated in UDV595E specimens, as were genes that are positive predictors of immunotherapy response in human cancers. Our findings suggest that short in-frame deletions within BRAF exon 12 and MAP2K1 exons 2 and 3 in UDV595E cases are alternative MAPK-pathway activating events that may have significant therapeutic implications for selecting first-line treatment for canine UC. We developed a simple, cost-effective capillary electrophoresis genotyping assay for detection of these deletions in parallel with the BRAF V595E mutation. The identification of these deletion events in dogs offers a compelling cross-species platform in which to study the relationship between somatic alteration, protein conformation, and therapeutic sensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Thomas
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Claire A. Wiley
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Emma L. Droste
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - James Robertson
- Office of Research (Biostatistics), College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Brant A. Inman
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Matthew Breen
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wallace A, Love L, Gensler C, Jacob M, Robertson J, Messenger K. Comparative growth dynamics of bacterial and fungal contaminants in bupivacaine liposomal injectable suspension, bupivacaine 0.5%, and propofol. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281768. [PMID: 36795683 PMCID: PMC9934369 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether bupivacaine liposomal injectable suspension (BLIS) supports microbial growth when artificially inoculated and to evaluate liposomal stability in the face of this extrinsic contamination as evidenced by changes in free bupivacaine concentrations. STUDY DESIGN A randomized, prospective in vitro study in which three vials of each BLIS, bupivacaine 0.5%, and propofol were individually inoculated with known concentrations of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans (n = 36) to quantify bacterial and fungal growth was conducted. Over 120 hours, aliquots from contaminated vials were withdrawn, plated, and incubated to determine microbial concentrations. High-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to evaluate free bupivacaine concentrations over time in BLIS. Data were analyzed using a mixed effects model with multiple comparisons. SAMPLE POPULATION Twelve vials of each BLIS, bupivacaine 0.5%, and propofol. RESULTS BLIS did not support significant growth of Staphylococcus aureus or Candida albicans at any time. BLIS supported significant growth of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa beginning at the 24 hour time point. Bupivacaine 0.5% did not support significant growth of any organisms. Propofol supported significant growth of all organisms. Free bupivacaine concentrations changed minimally over time. CONCLUSION Bacterial and fungal contaminant growth in artificially inoculated BLIS is organism dependent. BLIS supports significant growth of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Extra-label handling of BLIS should only be undertaken with caution and with adherence to strict aseptic technique.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amber Wallace
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Lydia Love
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Catherine Gensler
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Megan Jacob
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - James Robertson
- Biostatistics Administrative Department, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kristen Messenger
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Eagle SHC, Robertson J, Bastedo DP, Liu K, Nash JHE. Evaluation of five commercial DNA extraction kits using Salmonella as a model for implementation of rapid Nanopore sequencing in routine diagnostic laboratories. Access Microbiol 2023; 5:000468.v3. [PMID: 36910509 PMCID: PMC9996181 DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000468.v3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxford Nanopore long-read sequencing offers advantages over Illumina short reads for the identification and characterization of bacterial pathogens for outbreak detection and surveillance activities within a diagnostic public health laboratory context. Compared to Illumina, Nanopore is more cost-effective for small batches, has a lower capital cost and has a faster turnaround time, in addition to the ability to assemble complete bacterial genomes. The quantity and quality of DNA required for Nanopore sequencing are greater than for Illumina, and the DNA extraction methods recommended for obtaining high-molecular-weight DNA are different from those typically used in diagnostic laboratories. Using a Salmonella isolate with a previously closed PacBio genome as a model Enterobacteriaceae organism, we evaluated the quantity, quality and fragmentation of five commercial DNA extraction kits. Nanopore sequencing performance was evaluated for the top three methods: Qiagen EZ1 DNA Tissue, Qiagen DNeasy Blood and Tissue, and a modified, in-house version of the MasterPure Complete DNA and RNA purification. To evaluate the effect of post-extraction DNA purification methods, we subjected extracted DNA from the three selected extraction methods to purification by AMPure beads or ethanol precipitation and compared these outputs with untreated DNA as a control. All methods are suitable for routine whole-genome sequencing (WGS), since all 60 replicates had very high genome recovery rates, with ≥98 % of the reference genome covered by mapped Nanopore reads. For 85 % of the replicates, assembly was able to produce a complete, circular chromosome using either Flye or Canu. In most cases, it is recommended to move directly from extraction to sequencing, as untreated DNA had the highest rates of genome closure regardless of extraction method. Using our evaluation criteria, the Qiagen DNeasy Blood and Tissue kit was found to be the best overall method due to its low cost, ability to scale from single tubes to 96-well plates, and high consistency in yield and sequencing performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shannon H C Eagle
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - James Robertson
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - D Patrick Bastedo
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kira Liu
- Patented Medicine Prices Review Board, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - John H E Nash
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Tucker S, Simon K, McLaughlin C, Robertson J, Posner L. Retrospective analysis of post-operative pulmonary complications (POPC) in dogs following anesthesia including neuromuscular blockade (NMB). Vet Anaesth Analg 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2022.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
16
|
Feizpour A, Doré V, Doecke JD, Saad ZS, Triana-Baltzer G, Slemmon R, Maruff P, Krishnadas N, Bourgeat P, Huang K, Fowler C, Rainey-Smith SR, Bush AI, Ward L, Robertson J, Martins RN, Masters CL, Villemagne VL, Fripp J, Kolb HC, Rowe CC. Two-Year Prognostic Utility of Plasma p217+tau across the Alzheimer's Continuum. J Prev Alzheimers Dis 2023; 10:828-836. [PMID: 37874105 DOI: 10.14283/jpad.2023.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasma p217+tau has shown high concordance with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and positron emission tomography (PET) measures of amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau in Alzheimer's Disease (AD). However, its association with longitudinal cognition and comparative performance to PET Aβ and tau in predicting cognitive decline are unknown. OBJECTIVES To evaluate whether p217+tau can predict the rate of cognitive decline observed over two-year average follow-up and compare this to prediction based on Aβ (18F-NAV4694) and tau (18F-MK6240) PET. We also explored the sample size required to detect a 30% slowing in cognitive decline in a 2-year trial and selection test cost using p217+tau (pT+) as compared to PET Aβ (A+) and tau (T+) with and without p217+tau pre-screening. DESIGN A prospective observational cohort study. SETTING Participants of the Australian Imaging, Biomarker and Lifestyle Flagship Study of Ageing (AIBL) and Australian Dementia Network (ADNeT). PARTICIPANTS 153 cognitively unimpaired (CU) and 50 cognitively impaired (CI) individuals. MEASUREMENTS Baseline p217+tau Simoa® assay, 18F-MK6240 tau-PET and 18F-NAV4694 Aβ-PET with neuropsychological follow-up (MMSE, CDR-SB, AIBL-PACC) over 2.4 ± 0.8 years. RESULTS In CI, p217+tau was a significant predictor of change in MMSE (β = -0.55, p < 0.001) and CDR-SB (β =0.61, p < 0.001) with an effect size similar to Aβ Centiloid (MMSE β = -0.48, p = 0.002; CDR-SB β = 0.43, p = 0.004) and meta-temporal (MetaT) tau SUVR (MMSE: β = -0.62, p < 0.001; CDR-SB: β = 0.65, p < 0.001). In CU, only MetaT tau SUVR was significantly associated with change in AIBL-PACC (β = -0.22, p = 0.008). Screening pT+ CI participants into a trial could lead to 24% reduction in sample size compared to screening with PET for A+ and 6-13% compared to screening with PET for T+ (different regions). This would translate to an 81-83% biomarker test cost-saving assuming the p217+tau test cost one-fifth of a PET scan. In a trial requiring PET A+ or T+, p217+tau pre-screening followed by PET in those who were pT+ would cost more in the CI group, compared to 26-38% biomarker test cost-saving in the CU. CONCLUSIONS Substantial cost reduction can be achieved using p217+tau alone to select participants with MCI or mild dementia for a clinical trial designed to slow cognitive decline over two years, compared to participant selection by PET. In pre-clinical AD trials, p217+tau provides significant cost-saving if used as a pre-screening measure for PET A+ or T+ but in MCI/mild dementia trials this may add to cost both in testing and in the increased number of participants needed for testing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Feizpour
- Professor Christopher C Rowe, Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Austin Health, 145 Studley Road, Heidelberg, VIC. 3084, Australia. Telephone: +61-3-9496 3321. Fax +61-3-9458 5023.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Airlie M, Robertson J, Ma W, Airlie D, Brooks E. A novel application of deep learning to forensic hair analysis methodology. AUST J FORENSIC SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00450618.2022.2159064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Airlie
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, Australia
- Major Crime Unit, Forensic Services Group, Queensland Police Service, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - James Robertson
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, Australia
| | - Wanli Ma
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, Australia
| | - David Airlie
- Global Engineering, Red Hat, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Brooks
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Knutson KA, Petritz OA, Thomson A, Robertson J, Balko JA. Effects of Intramuscular Alfaxalone and Midazolam Compared With Midazolam and Butorphanol in Rhode Island Red Hens (Gallus gallus domesticus). J Avian Med Surg 2022; 36:287-294. [DOI: 10.1647/20-00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
19
|
Arriaga-Varela E, Tomaszewska W, Szawaryn K, Robertson J, Seidel M, Ślipiński A, Fikáček M. The resurrection of Cerasommatidiidae, an enigmatic group of coccinelloid beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinelloidea) based on molecular and morphological evidence. Zool J Linn Soc 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The family Cerasommatidiidae was proposed by Brèthes in 1925 for his new genus Cerasommatidia from Brazil, described as an intermediate taxon between Endomychidae and Coccinellidae (Coccinelloidea). This group was neglected for decades until 1994 when the resemblance of Cerasommatidia with the eupsilobiine genus Ibicarella was noticed, and Cerasommatidiidae was synonymized with Eupsilobiinae (Endomychidae). Based on the newly discovered material from the Neotropical and Afrotropical regions with clear resemblance to Cerasommatidia and Ibicarella, the phylogenetic placement of these taxa and new allied genera was reassessed based on phylogenetic analyses of molecular, morphological and combined datasets. The data were analysed under Bayesian (BI), maximum likelihood (ML) and parsimony (MP) frameworks. Our results support the restoration of Cerasommatidiidae as a distinct family in Coccinelloidea. Close affinity of Cerasommatidiidae with Coccinellidae, Eupsilobiidae and Mycetaeidae is recovered and the sister-relationship to Mycetaeidae is highly supported. Ibicarella is found to be a junior synonym of Cerasommatidia. Three new genera and six new species are described and illustrated: Yamuy gen. nov. (type species, Y. marginatus sp. nov.; and Y. constratus sp. nov.) and Karumbe gen. nov. (type species, K. geiseri sp. nov.; K. brethesi sp. nov. and K. pakaluki sp. nov.) from the Neotropics and Mahavelo gen. nov. (type species, M. madagasus sp. nov.) from Madagascar.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Arriaga-Varela
- Centro de Estudios en Zoología, CUCBA, Universidad de Guadalajara , Apdo. Postal 134, Zapopan , Mexico
- Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences , Wilcza 64, Warszawa, 00-679 , Poland
| | - Wioletta Tomaszewska
- Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences , Wilcza 64, Warszawa, 00-679 , Poland
| | - Karol Szawaryn
- Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences , Wilcza 64, Warszawa, 00-679 , Poland
| | - James Robertson
- National Identification Services, USDA-APHIS-PPQ , 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 , USA
| | - Matthias Seidel
- Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Zweite Zoologische Abteilung , Burgring 7, 1010 Wien , Austria
| | - Adam Ślipiński
- Australian National Insect Collection, CSIRO , GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601 , Australia
| | - Martin Fikáček
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University , No. 70, Lienhai Rd., Kaohsiung 80424 , Taiwan
- Department of Entomology, National Museum , Cirkusová 1740 CZ-19300 Praha 9 , Czech Republic
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University , CZ-12844, Praha 2 , Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Hetman BM, Pearl DL, Barker DOR, Robertson J, Nash JHE, Reid-Smith R, Agunos A, Carrillo C, Topp E, Van Domselaar G, Parmley EJ, Bharat A, Mulvey M, Allen V, Taboada EN. Combining analytical epidemiology and genomic surveillance to identify risk factors associated with the spread of antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Heidelberg. Microb Genom 2022; 8:mgen000891. [PMID: 36748560 PMCID: PMC9836098 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become a critical threat to public health worldwide. The use of antimicrobials in food and livestock agriculture, including the production of poultry, is thought to contribute to the dissemination of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and the genes and plasmids that confer the resistant phenotype (ARG). However, the relative contribution of each of these processes to the emergence of resistant pathogens in poultry production and their potential role in the transmission of resistant pathogens in human infections, requires a deeper understanding of the dynamics of ARB and ARG in food production and the factors involved in the increased risk of transmission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M. Hetman
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada,*Correspondence: Benjamin M. Hetman,
| | - David L. Pearl
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dillon O. R. Barker
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - James Robertson
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - John H. E. Nash
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard Reid-Smith
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada,Centre for Foodborne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Agnes Agunos
- Centre for Foodborne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Catherine Carrillo
- Ottawa Laboratory (Carling), Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Edward Topp
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gary Van Domselaar
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - E. Jane Parmley
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amrita Bharat
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Michael Mulvey
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Vanessa Allen
- Public Health Ontario Laboratory, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Present address: Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Toronto, Canada
| | - Eduardo N. Taboada
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Broder J, Robertson J, Peterson T, Shaheen S. 364 A Dangerous Case of the “Goldilocks Effect”: Experimental Demonstration of Potential Vascular Injury Mechanism with Central Venous Catheter Insertion. Ann Emerg Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2022.08.393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
22
|
Rowlison de Ortiz A, Belda B, Hash J, Enomoto M, Robertson J, Lascelles BDX. Initial exploration of the discriminatory ability of the PetPace collar to detect differences in activity and physiological variables between healthy and osteoarthritic dogs. Front Pain Res 2022; 3:949877. [PMID: 36147035 PMCID: PMC9485802 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2022.949877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Accelerometry has been used to evaluate activity in dogs with osteoarthritis (OA) pain, especially in relation to effect of treatment; however no studies have compared accelerometry-measured activity in dogs with OA-pain and healthy dogs. The aims of this study were to (1) compare activity output from the PetPace collar with the validated Actical monitor and (2) determine if PetPace collar outputs (overall activity, activity levels, body position, and vital signs) differed between healthy dogs and dogs with OA-pain. Methods This was an observational, non-interventional study in healthy dogs and dogs with OA-pain. All dogs were outfitted with the PetPace collar and the Actical monitor simultaneously for 14 days. Output from these devices was compared (correlations), and output from the PetPace device was used to explore differences between groups across the activity and vital sign outputs (including calculated heart rate variability indices). Results There was moderate correlation between the PetPace collar and Actical monitor output (R2 = 0.56, p < 0.001). Using data generated by the PetPace collar, OA-pain dogs had lower overall activity counts and spent less time standing than healthy dogs. Healthy dogs spent more time at higher activity levels than OA-pain dogs. Certain heart rate variability indices in OA-pain dogs were lower than in healthy dogs. Conclusions and clinical relevance The results of this study suggest that the PetPace collar can detect differences between healthy dogs and those with OA-pain, and that OA-pain negatively impacts overall activity levels in dogs, and especially higher intensity activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Avery Rowlison de Ortiz
- Translational Research in Pain Program, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
- Office of Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Beatriz Belda
- Translational Research in Pain Program, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Jon Hash
- Translational Research in Pain Program, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Masataka Enomoto
- Translational Research in Pain Program, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - James Robertson
- Office of Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - B. Duncan X. Lascelles
- Translational Research in Pain Program, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
- Comparative Pain Research and Education Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
- Thurston Arthritis Center, University of North Carolina (UNC) School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Translational Pain Research, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- *Correspondence: B. Duncan X. Lascelles
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Sanderson H, Gray KL, Manuele A, Maguire F, Khan A, Liu C, Navanekere Rudrappa C, Nash JHE, Robertson J, Bessonov K, Oloni M, Alcock BP, Raphenya AR, McAllister TA, Peacock SJ, Raven KE, Gouliouris T, McArthur AG, Brinkman FSL, Fink RC, Zaheer R, Beiko RG. Exploring the mobilome and resistome of Enterococcus faecium in a One Health context across two continents. Microb Genom 2022; 8. [PMID: 36129737 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus faecium is a ubiquitous opportunistic pathogen that is exhibiting increasing levels of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Many of the genes that confer resistance and pathogenic functions are localized on mobile genetic elements (MGEs), which facilitate their transfer between lineages. Here, features including resistance determinants, virulence factors and MGEs were profiled in a set of 1273 E. faecium genomes from two disparate geographic locations (in the UK and Canada) from a range of agricultural, clinical and associated habitats. Neither lineages of E. faecium, type A and B, nor MGEs are constrained by geographic proximity, but our results show evidence of a strong association of many profiled genes and MGEs with habitat. Many features were associated with a group of clinical and municipal wastewater genomes that are likely forming a new human-associated ecotype within type A. The evolutionary dynamics of E. faecium make it a highly versatile emerging pathogen, and its ability to acquire, transmit and lose features presents a high risk for the emergence of new pathogenic variants and novel resistance combinations. This study provides a workflow for MGE-centric surveillance of AMR in Enterococcus that can be adapted to other pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haley Sanderson
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Kristen L Gray
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Colombia, Canada
| | - Alexander Manuele
- Faculty of Computer Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.,Institute for Comparative Genomics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Finlay Maguire
- Faculty of Computer Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.,Institute for Comparative Genomics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.,Department of Community Health & Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Amjad Khan
- Faculty of Computer Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.,Institute for Comparative Genomics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Chaoyue Liu
- Faculty of Computer Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.,Institute for Comparative Genomics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.,Department of Mathematics & Statistics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Chandana Navanekere Rudrappa
- Faculty of Computer Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.,Institute for Comparative Genomics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - John H E Nash
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph and Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - James Robertson
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph and Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kyrylo Bessonov
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph and Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Martins Oloni
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,David Braley Centre for Antibiotic Discovery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian P Alcock
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,David Braley Centre for Antibiotic Discovery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amogelang R Raphenya
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,David Braley Centre for Antibiotic Discovery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tim A McAllister
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Kathy E Raven
- Department of Medicine, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Andrew G McArthur
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,David Braley Centre for Antibiotic Discovery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fiona S L Brinkman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Colombia, Canada
| | - Ryan C Fink
- Faculty of Computer Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.,Institute for Comparative Genomics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Rahat Zaheer
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Robert G Beiko
- Faculty of Computer Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.,Institute for Comparative Genomics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Vaden SL, Mathews KG, Yoo J, Williams JK, Harris T, Secoura P, Robertson J, Gleason KL, Reynolds H, Piedrahita J. The use of autologous skeletal muscle progenitor cells for adjunctive treatment of presumptive urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence in female dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2022; 36:1686-1692. [PMID: 35930303 PMCID: PMC9511066 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence (USMI) is a common problem in female dogs, but some dogs fail to achieve continence with standard treatment. Urethral submucosal injection of autologous skeletal muscle progenitor cells (skMPCs) previously has been shown to restore urethral function in a canine model of USMI. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVE To determine if urethral submucosal injection of skMPC alters continence in dogs with USMI that had previously failed standard medical management. We hypothesized that the injections would lead to improved continence. ANIMALS Fifteen client-owned dogs with USMI that had failed standard medical management. METHODS Dogs were prospectively enrolled into a single-armed clinical trial. Once enrolled, a triceps muscle of each dog was biopsied; the tissue specimens were digested, cultured, and expanded to 100 million cells before injection into the urethral submucosa using a surgical approach. Continence was assessed at baseline and 3, 6, 12, and 24 months post-injection using continence scores and urethral pressure profilometry. RESULTS Median continence scores increased significantly from baseline at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months. Increases were seen in 14 of 15 dogs with 7, 6 or 1 dog achieving scores of 5, 4 or 3, respectively. Additional medication was required to achieve continence in all but 2 dogs. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Urethral submucosal injection of skMPC can be used adjunctively to improve continence in dogs with difficult to manage USMI. The procedure is labor intensive but well tolerated; most dogs will require continued medication to remain continent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shelly L Vaden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kyle G Mathews
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - James Yoo
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - James Koudy Williams
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Tonya Harris
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Patty Secoura
- NC State Veterinary Hospital, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - James Robertson
- College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Katherine L Gleason
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Hannah Reynolds
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jorge Piedrahita
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Gorgeva E, Robertson J, Hoogewerff J. Acoustic monitoring of carrion fly activity on human remains: a preliminary study. AUST J FORENSIC SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00450618.2022.2104372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Gorgeva
- National Centre for Forensic Studies, University of Canberra, Bruce, New South Wales, Australia
| | - James Robertson
- National Centre for Forensic Studies, University of Canberra, Bruce, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jurian Hoogewerff
- National Centre for Forensic Studies, University of Canberra, Bruce, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Raphenya AR, Robertson J, Jamin C, de Oliveira Martins L, Maguire F, McArthur AG, Hays JP. Datasets for benchmarking antimicrobial resistance genes in bacterial metagenomic and whole genome sequencing. Sci Data 2022; 9:341. [PMID: 35705638 PMCID: PMC9200708 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-022-01463-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole genome sequencing (WGS) is a key tool in identifying and characterising disease-associated bacteria across clinical, agricultural, and environmental contexts. One increasingly common use of genomic and metagenomic sequencing is in identifying the type and range of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes present in bacterial isolates in order to make predictions regarding their AMR phenotype. However, there are a large number of alternative bioinformatics software and pipelines available, which can lead to dissimilar results. It is, therefore, vital that researchers carefully evaluate their genomic and metagenomic AMR analysis methods using a common dataset. To this end, as part of the Microbial Bioinformatics Hackathon and Workshop 2021, a 'gold standard' reference genomic and simulated metagenomic dataset was generated containing raw sequence reads mapped against their corresponding reference genome from a range of 174 potentially pathogenic bacteria. These datasets and their accompanying metadata are freely available for use in benchmarking studies of bacteria and their antimicrobial resistance genes and will help improve tool development for the identification of AMR genes in complex samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amogelang R Raphenya
- David Braley Centre for Antibiotic Discovery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada.,Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - James Robertson
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 3W4, Canada
| | - Casper Jamin
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University Medical Center, P. Debyelaan 25, 6229HX, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Finlay Maguire
- Department of Community Health & Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada.,Faculty of Computer Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada.,Shared Hospital Laboratory, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Andrew G McArthur
- David Braley Centre for Antibiotic Discovery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada.,Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - John P Hays
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Centre Rotterdam (Erasmus MC), Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Robertson J, Jeffs A, Hedges C, Hickey AJR. Cardiac mitochondrial energetics of the Australasian red spiny lobster, Jasus edwardsii, when exposed to isoeugenol within the commercial anaesthetic AQUI-S. J Exp Biol 2022; 225:275578. [PMID: 35647661 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.242771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The anaesthetic isoeugenol has been used as metabolic suppressant for commercial transport of live lobsters in order to decrease energy expenditure aand improve survival. Given the central role of mitochondria in metabolism and structural similarities of isoeugenol to the mitochondrial electron carrier coenzyme Q, we explored the influence on mitochondrial function of isoeugenol. Mitochondrial function was measured using high resolution respirometry and saponin permeabilized heart fibres from the Australasian red spiny lobster, Jasus edwardsii. Relative to vehicle (polysorbate), isoeugenol inhibited respiration supported by complex I (CI) and cytochrome c oxidase (CCO). While complex II (CII), which also reduces coenzyme Q was largely unaffected by isoeugenol, respiration supported by CII when uncoupled was depressed. Titration of isoeugenol indicates that respiration through CI has a half inhibition constant (IC50) of 2.4±0.1 µM, and full inhibition constant IC100 of approximately 6.3 µM. These concentrations are consistent with those used for transport and euthanasia of J. edwardsii and indicates that CI is a possible target of isoeugenol like many other anaesthetics with quinone-like structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James Robertson
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Andrew Jeffs
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Christopher Hedges
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Anthony J R Hickey
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kirwan C, Castle J, Pritchard S, Tovey H, Bundred N, Smith I, Robertson J, Bliss J, Dowsett M. PO-29: Coagulation and circulating tumour cells as pharmacodynamic biomarkers of response to aromatase inhibitors in breast cancer. Thromb Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0049-3848(22)00217-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
29
|
Daane L, Robertson J. Regulatory Affairs, Quality Systems, Policy, and Ethics: TESTING CELL THERAPY AND BIOPRODUCTION SAMPLES USING THE BIOFIRE® MYCOPLASMA MOLECULAR LAB IN A POUCH SYSTEM. Cytotherapy 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1465-3249(22)00489-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
30
|
Walker AL, DeFrancesco TC, Bonagura JD, Keene BW, Meurs KM, Tou SP, Kurtz K, Aona B, Barron L, McManamey A, Robertson J, Adin DB. Association of diet with clinical outcomes in dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy and congestive heart failure. J Vet Cardiol 2022; 40:99-109. [PMID: 33741312 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in dogs has been associated with feeding of grain-free (GF), legume-rich diets. Some dogs with presumed diet-associated DCM have shown improved myocardial function and clinical outcomes following a change in diet and standard medical therapy. HYPOTHESIS Prior GF (pGF) diet influences reverse cardiac remodeling and clinical outcomes in dogs with DCM and congestive heart failure (CHF). ANIMALS AND METHODS A retrospective study was performed with 67 dogs with DCM and CHF for which diet history was known. Dogs were grouped by diet into pGF and grain-inclusive (GI) groups. Dogs in the pGF group were included if diet change was a component of therapy. Survival was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier curves and the Cox proportional-hazards model. RESULTS The median survival time was 344 days for pGF dogs vs. 253 days for GI dogs (P = 0.074). Statistically significant differences in median survival were identified when the analysis was limited to dogs surviving longer than one week (P = 0.033). Prior GF dogs had a significantly worse outcome the longer a GF diet was fed prior to diagnosis (P = 0.004) or if they were diagnosed at a younger age (P = 0.017). Prior GF dogs showed significantly greater improvement in normalized left ventricular internal diastolic diameter (P = 0.038) and E-point septal separation (P = 0.031) measurements and significant decreases in their furosemide (P = 0.009) and pimobendan (P < 0.005) dosages over time compared to GI dogs. CONCLUSIONS Prior GF dogs that survived at least one week after diagnosis of DCM, treatment of CHF, and diet change had better clinical outcomes and showed reverse ventricular remodeling compared to GI dogs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A L Walker
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis,1 Garrod Drive, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - T C DeFrancesco
- College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Dr., Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA.
| | - J D Bonagura
- College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Dr., Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - B W Keene
- College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Dr., Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - K M Meurs
- College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Dr., Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - S P Tou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Dr., Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - K Kurtz
- MedVet Chicago, 3305 N, California Ave., Chicago, IL, 60618, USA
| | - B Aona
- MedVet Columbus, 300 E, Wilson Bridge Rd., Worthington, OH, 43085, USA
| | - L Barron
- The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, United Kingdom
| | - A McManamey
- College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Dr., Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - J Robertson
- College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Dr., Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - D B Adin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 2015 SW 16th Ave., Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Sloan K, Robertson J, Fergusson M, Spratford W. Can a machine be used to replicate the biomechanics of human stabbing performance? Sci Justice 2022; 62:164-170. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scijus.2021.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
32
|
Vogt NA, Hetman BM, Vogt AA, Pearl DL, Reid-Smith RJ, Parmley EJ, Kadykalo S, Janecko N, Bharat A, Mulvey MR, Ziebell K, Robertson J, Nash J, Allen V, Majury A, Ricker N, Bondo KJ, Allen SE, Jardine CM. Rural Raccoons (Procyon lotor) Not Likely to Be a Major Driver of Antimicrobial Resistant Human Salmonella Cases in Southern Ontario, Canada: A One Health Epidemiological Assessment Using Whole-Genome Sequence Data. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:840416. [PMID: 35280127 PMCID: PMC8914089 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.840416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-typhoidal Salmonella infections represent a substantial burden of illness in humans, and the increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among these infections is a growing concern. Using a combination of Salmonella isolate short-read whole-genome sequence data from select human cases, raccoons, livestock and environmental sources, and an epidemiological framework, our objective was to determine if there was evidence for potential transmission of Salmonella and associated antimicrobial resistance determinants between these different sources in the Grand River watershed in Ontario, Canada. Logistic regression models were used to assess the potential associations between source type and the presence of select resistance genes and plasmid incompatibility types. A total of 608 isolates were obtained from the following sources: humans (n = 58), raccoons (n = 92), livestock (n = 329), and environmental samples (n = 129). Resistance genes of public health importance, including blaCMY−2, were identified in humans, livestock, and environmental sources, but not in raccoons. Most resistance genes analyzed were significantly more likely to be identified in livestock and/or human isolates than in raccoon isolates. Based on a 3,002-loci core genome multi-locus sequence typing (cgMLST) scheme, human Salmonella isolates were often more similar to isolates from livestock and environmental sources, than with those from raccoons. Rare instances of serovars S. Heidelberg and S. Enteritidis in raccoons likely represent incidental infections and highlight possible acquisition and dissemination of predominantly poultry-associated Salmonella by raccoons within these ecosystems. Raccoon-predominant serovars were either not identified among human isolates (S. Agona, S. Thompson) or differed by more than 350 cgMLST loci (S. Newport). Collectively, our findings suggest that the rural population of raccoons on swine farms in the Grand River watershed are unlikely to be major contributors to antimicrobial resistant human Salmonella cases in this region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadine A. Vogt
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, Guelph, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Nadine A. Vogt
| | - Benjamin M. Hetman
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | | | - David L. Pearl
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Richard J. Reid-Smith
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, Guelph, ON, Canada
- Centre for Foodborne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - E. Jane Parmley
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, Guelph, ON, Canada
- Centre for Foodborne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Stefanie Kadykalo
- Centre for Foodborne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Nicol Janecko
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Amrita Bharat
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Michael R. Mulvey
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Kim Ziebell
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - James Robertson
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - John Nash
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | | | - Anna Majury
- Public Health Ontario, Kingston, ON, Canada
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Science, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Nicole Ricker
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Kristin J. Bondo
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Samantha E. Allen
- Wyoming Game and Fish Department, Laramie, WY, United States
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, United States
| | - Claire M. Jardine
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, Guelph, ON, Canada
- Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative, Ontario Veterinary College, Guelph, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Al Yazidi G, Mulder J, Licht C, Harvey E, Robertson J, Sondheimer N, Tein I. Reversal of Stroke-Like Episodes With L-Arginine and Meticulous Perioperative Management of Renal Transplantation in a Patient With Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathy, Lactic Acidosis and Stroke-Like Episodes (MELAS) Syndrome. Case Report. Neurohospitalist 2022; 12:67-73. [PMID: 34950389 PMCID: PMC8689537 DOI: 10.1177/19418744211000512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke like episodes (MELAS) syndrome is a maternally inherited mitochondrial disorder with recurrent non-arterial distribution stroke-like episodes (SLEs). A 17 yr old boy with MELAS (m.3243A>G tRNALeu(UUR)) presented with SLEs at ages 8 and 10 yrs. At 11 yrs, he suffered a third SLE involving left parietotemporal lobes with dense right hemiplegia and aphasia persistent for 1 week without improvement. On high dose IV L-Arginine (L-Arg) (0.5 g/kg/day divided TID) he had rapid recovery within 48 hours and was rapidly weaned. With emesis of oral L-Arg, his SLE recurred and he was again treated with high dose IV L-Arg with similar rapid recovery and discharged on a slow wean over 6 wks to 0.1 g/kg/day. On maintenance L-Arg he suffered only 2 SLEs at ages 13 and 16 yrs; both resolved rapidly with high dose IV L-Arg without recurrence during a slow wean to maintenance. His phenotype included seizures, ptosis, ophthalmoplegia, facial diplegia, sensorineural hearing loss, ataxia, myopathy, exercise intolerance, peripheral sensorimotor neuropathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, hypertension, and failure to thrive. At 16 yrs he developed end-stage renal disease, due to MELAS, requiring hemodialysis and at 17 yrs he underwent cadaveric renal transplantation. His peri-operative protocol included strict maintenance of perfusion, oxygenation, normothermia, biochemical homeostasis and serum arginine concentrations during which time there were no neurologic decompensations. He was transitioned to oral L-citrulline maintenance therapy which maintained higher serum arginine concentrations with better tolerance. He had no SLEs or seizures in the ensuing 2 yrs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ghalia Al Yazidi
- Division of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jaap Mulder
- Division of Nephrology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Christoph Licht
- Division of Nephrology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Harvey
- Division of Nephrology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - James Robertson
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Neal Sondheimer
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada,Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ingrid Tein
- Division of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada,Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada,Ingrid Tein, Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave., Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X8.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Laskey A, Devenish J, Kang M, Savic M, Chmara J, Dan H, Lin M, Robertson J, Bessonov K, Gurnik S, Liu K, Nash JHE, Topp E, Guan J. Mobility of β-lactam resistance under ampicillin treatment in gut microbiota suffering from pre-disturbance. Microb Genom 2021; 7. [PMID: 34882531 PMCID: PMC8767350 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ingestion of food- or waterborne antibiotic-resistant bacteria may lead to dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the gut microbiota. The gut microbiota often suffers from various disturbances. It is not clear whether and how disturbed microbiota may affect ARG mobility under antibiotic treatments. For proof of concept, in the presence or absence of streptomycin pre-treatment, mice were inoculated orally with a β-lactam-susceptible Salmonella enterica serovar Heidelberg clinical isolate (recipient) and a β-lactam resistant Escherichia coli O80:H26 isolate (donor) carrying a blaCMY-2 gene on an IncI2 plasmid. Immediately following inoculation, mice were treated with or without ampicillin in drinking water for 7 days. Faeces were sampled, donor, recipient and transconjugant were enumerated, blaCMY-2 abundance was determined by quantitative PCR, faecal microbial community composition was determined by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and cecal samples were observed histologically for evidence of inflammation. In faeces of mice that received streptomycin pre-treatment, the donor abundance remained high, and the abundance of S. Heidelberg transconjugant and the relative abundance of Enterobacteriaceae increased significantly during the ampicillin treatment. Co-blooming of the donor, transconjugant and commensal Enterobacteriaceae in the inflamed intestine promoted significantly (P<0.05) higher and possibly wider dissemination of the blaCMY-2 gene in the gut microbiota of mice that received the combination of streptomycin pre-treatment and ampicillin treatment (Str-Amp) compared to the other mice. Following cessation of the ampicillin treatment, faecal shedding of S. Heidelberg transconjugant persisted much longer from mice in the Str-Amp group compared to the other mice. In addition, only mice in the Str-Amp group shed a commensal E. coli O2:H6 transconjugant, which carries three copies of the blaCMY-2 gene, one on the IncI2 plasmid and two on the chromosome. The findings highlight the significance of pre-existing gut microbiota for ARG dissemination and persistence during and following antibiotic treatments of infectious diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Laskey
- Ottawa Laboratory-Fallowfield, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - John Devenish
- Ottawa Laboratory-Fallowfield, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Mingsong Kang
- Ottawa Laboratory-Fallowfield, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Mirjana Savic
- Ottawa Laboratory-Fallowfield, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - John Chmara
- Ottawa Laboratory-Fallowfield, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Hanhong Dan
- Ottawa Laboratory-Fallowfield, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Min Lin
- Ottawa Laboratory-Fallowfield, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - James Robertson
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Kyrylo Bessonov
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Simone Gurnik
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Kira Liu
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - John H E Nash
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Edward Topp
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, Canada
| | - Jiewen Guan
- Ottawa Laboratory-Fallowfield, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Bessonov K, Laing C, Robertson J, Yong I, Ziebell K, Gannon VPJ, Nichani A, Arya G, Nash JHE, Christianson S. ECTyper: in silico Escherichia coli serotype and species prediction from raw and assembled whole-genome sequence data. Microb Genom 2021; 7. [PMID: 34860150 PMCID: PMC8767331 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli is a priority foodborne pathogen of public health concern and phenotypic serotyping provides critical information for surveillance and outbreak detection activities. Public health and food safety laboratories are increasingly adopting whole-genome sequencing (WGS) for characterizing pathogens, but it is imperative to maintain serotype designations in order to minimize disruptions to existing public health workflows. Multiple in silico tools have been developed for predicting serotypes from WGS data, including SRST2, SerotypeFinder and EToKi EBEis, but these tools were not designed with the specific requirements of diagnostic laboratories, which include: speciation, input data flexibility (fasta/fastq), quality control information and easily interpretable results. To address these specific requirements, we developed ECTyper (https://github.com/phac-nml/ecoli_serotyping) for performing both speciation within Escherichia and Shigella, and in silico serotype prediction. We compared the serotype prediction performance of each tool on a newly sequenced panel of 185 isolates with confirmed phenotypic serotype information. We found that all tools were highly concordant, with 92-97 % for O-antigens and 98-100 % for H-antigens, and ECTyper having the highest rate of concordance. We extended the benchmarking to a large panel of 6954 publicly available E. coli genomes to assess the performance of the tools on a more diverse dataset. On the public data, there was a considerable drop in concordance, with 75-91 % for O-antigens and 62-90 % for H-antigens, and ECTyper and SerotypeFinder being the most concordant. This study highlights that in silico predictions show high concordance with phenotypic serotyping results, but there are notable differences in tool performance. ECTyper provides highly accurate and sensitive in silico serotype predictions, in addition to speciation, and is designed to be easily incorporated into bioinformatic workflows.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyrylo Bessonov
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Chad Laing
- National Centre for Animal Diseases, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Lethbridge, Canada
| | - James Robertson
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Irene Yong
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Kim Ziebell
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Victor P J Gannon
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Anil Nichani
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Gitanjali Arya
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - John H E Nash
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sara Christianson
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Wang W, Lynch A, Balko J, Duffy D, Robertson J, Posner L. Point-of-care viscoelastic coagulation assessment in healthy dogs during the peri-anesthetic period. Vet Anaesth Analg 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2021.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
37
|
Labbé G, Kruczkiewicz P, Robertson J, Mabon P, Schonfeld J, Kein D, Rankin MA, Gopez M, Hole D, Son D, Knox N, Laing CR, Bessonov K, Taboada EN, Yoshida C, Ziebell K, Nichani A, Johnson RP, Van Domselaar G, Nash JHE. Rapid and accurate SNP genotyping of clonal bacterial pathogens with BioHansel. Microb Genom 2021; 7. [PMID: 34554082 PMCID: PMC8715432 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hierarchical genotyping approaches can provide insights into the source, geography and temporal distribution of bacterial pathogens. Multiple hierarchical SNP genotyping schemes have previously been developed so that new isolates can rapidly be placed within pre-computed population structures, without the need to rebuild phylogenetic trees for the entire dataset. This classification approach has, however, seen limited uptake in routine public health settings due to analytical complexity and the lack of standardized tools that provide clear and easy ways to interpret results. The BioHansel tool was developed to provide an organism-agnostic tool for hierarchical SNP-based genotyping. The tool identifies split k-mers that distinguish predefined lineages in whole genome sequencing (WGS) data using SNP-based genotyping schemes. BioHansel uses the Aho-Corasick algorithm to type isolates from assembled genomes or raw read sequence data in a matter of seconds, with limited computational resources. This makes BioHansel ideal for use by public health agencies that rely on WGS methods for surveillance of bacterial pathogens. Genotyping results are evaluated using a quality assurance module which identifies problematic samples, such as low-quality or contaminated datasets. Using existing hierarchical SNP schemes for Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Salmonella Typhi, we compare the genotyping results obtained with the k-mer-based tools BioHansel and SKA, with those of the organism-specific tools TBProfiler and genotyphi, which use gold-standard reference-mapping approaches. We show that the genotyping results are fully concordant across these different methods, and that the k-mer-based tools are significantly faster. We also test the ability of the BioHansel quality assurance module to detect intra-lineage contamination and demonstrate that it is effective, even in populations with low genetic diversity. We demonstrate the scalability of the tool using a dataset of ~8100 S. Typhi public genomes and provide the aggregated results of geographical distributions as part of the tool’s output. BioHansel is an open source Python 3 application available on PyPI and Conda repositories and as a Galaxy tool from the public Galaxy Toolshed. In a public health context, BioHansel enables rapid and high-resolution classification of bacterial pathogens with low genetic diversity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geneviève Labbé
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - James Robertson
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Philip Mabon
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Justin Schonfeld
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel Kein
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Marisa A Rankin
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthew Gopez
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Darian Hole
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - David Son
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Natalie Knox
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Medical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Chad R Laing
- National Centres for Animal Disease Lethbridge Laboratory, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Kyrylo Bessonov
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eduardo N Taboada
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Catherine Yoshida
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Kim Ziebell
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anil Nichani
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Roger P Johnson
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gary Van Domselaar
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,National Centres for Animal Disease Lethbridge Laboratory, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - John H E Nash
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Robertson J, Bessonov K, Schonfeld J, Nash JHE. Universal whole-sequence-based plasmid typing and its utility to prediction of host range and epidemiological surveillance. Microb Genom 2021; 6. [PMID: 32969786 PMCID: PMC7660255 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial plasmids play a large role in allowing bacteria to adapt to changing environments and can pose a significant risk to human health if they confer virulence and antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Plasmids differ significantly in the taxonomic breadth of host bacteria in which they can successfully replicate, this is commonly referred to as 'host range' and is usually described in qualitative terms of 'narrow' or 'broad'. Understanding the host range potential of plasmids is of great interest due to their ability to disseminate traits such as AMR through bacterial populations and into human pathogens. We developed the MOB-suite to facilitate characterization of plasmids and introduced a whole-sequence-based classification system based on clustering complete plasmid sequences using Mash distances (https://github.com/phac-nml/mob-suite). We updated the MOB-suite database from 12 091 to 23 671 complete sequences, representing 17 779 unique plasmids. With advances in new algorithms for rapidly calculating average nucleotide identity (ANI), we compared clustering characteristics using two different distance measures - Mash and ANI - and three clustering algorithms on the unique set of plasmids. The plasmid nomenclature is designed to group highly similar plasmids together that are unlikely to have multiple representatives within a single cell. Based on our results, we determined that clusters generated using Mash and complete-linkage clustering at a Mash distance of 0.06 resulted in highly homogeneous clusters while maintaining cluster size. The taxonomic distribution of plasmid biomarker sequences for replication and relaxase typing, in combination with MOB-suite whole-sequence-based clusters have been examined in detail for all high-quality publicly available plasmid sequences. We have incorporated prediction of plasmid replication host range into the MOB-suite based on observed distributions of these sequence features in combination with known plasmid hosts from the literature. Host range is reported as the highest taxonomic rank that covers all of the plasmids which share replicon or relaxase biomarkers or belong to the same MOB-suite cluster code. Reporting host range based on these criteria allows for comparisons of host range between studies and provides information for plasmid surveillance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James Robertson
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Kyrylo Bessonov
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Justin Schonfeld
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - John H E Nash
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Aberle MG, Kobus H, Robertson J, O'Driscoll C, Hoogewerff JA. A fresh scientific look at transfer and persistence: From a materials science and tribology perspective. J Forensic Sci 2021; 67:9-27. [PMID: 34369592 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.14833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge of the mechanisms governing transfer, persistence, and recovery of trace evidence, together with background prevalence in the population of interest, and other task relevant information, is key for the forensic interpretation and reconstruction of what happened at the activity level. Up to now, this informational "toolkit" has largely been developed through empirical forensic studies on specific trace materials such as glass, textile fibers, and soil. Combined with the identified systemic siloing between disciplines, while valuable, such research tends to be very material-dependent, introducing specific parameters and interpretations that may have actually impeded the recognition of underlying foundational factors applicable to most material types. In Australia, there has been a renewed interest in developing a discipline-independent framework for the interpretation and/or reconstruction of trace evidence to interpret specific circumstances in casework. In this paper, we present a discipline agnostic "way of thinking" that has been anchored in foundational science underpinning the trace evidence discipline. Physical and mechanical material properties such as material geometry and surface topography, strength, stiffness, and hardness collectively influence contact interactions through underlying friction, wear, and lubrication cause and effect mechanisms. We discuss how these fundamental factors and parameters stemming from materials science and tribology may be adopted and adapted by forensic practitioners and researchers to contribute to a better understanding of transfer, persistence, and recovery mechanisms irrespective of evidence discipline and material type. Examples are provided to demonstrate the practical significance to real-life casework and academic research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Aberle
- National Centre for Forensic Studies, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, Australia
| | - Hilton Kobus
- National Centre for Forensic Studies, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, Australia.,Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - James Robertson
- National Centre for Forensic Studies, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, Australia
| | - Caroline O'Driscoll
- National Centre for Forensic Studies, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, Australia.,Australian Federal Police, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Jurian A Hoogewerff
- National Centre for Forensic Studies, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Åberg ND, Adiels M, Lindgren M, Nyberg J, Georg Kuhn H, Robertson J, Schaufelberger M, Sattar N, Åberg M, Rosengren A. Diverging trends for onset of acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, stroke and mortality in young males: role of changes in obesity and fitness. J Intern Med 2021; 290:373-385. [PMID: 33826195 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As opposed to the decreasing overall rates of coronary heart disease (CHD) incidence and overall cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality, heart failure (HF) and stroke incidence are increasing in young people, potentially due to rising rates of obesity and reduced cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). OBJECTIVES We investigated trends in early major CVD outcomes in a large cohort of young men. METHODS Successive cohorts of Swedish military conscripts from 1971 to 1995 (N = 1,258,432; mean age, 18.3 years) were followed, using data from the National Inpatient and Cause of Death registries. Cox proportional hazard models were used to analyse changes in 21-year CVD event rates. RESULTS 21-year CVD and all-cause mortality and incidence of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) decreased progressively. Compared with the cohort conscripted in 1971-1975 (reference), the hazard ratios (HRs) for the last 1991-1995 cohort were 0.50 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.42-0.59] for CVD mortality; 0.57 (95% CI 0.54-0.60) for all-cause mortality; and 0.63 (95% CI 0.53-0.75) for AMI. In contrast, the incidence of ischaemic stroke, intracerebral haemorrhage and HF increased with HRs of 1.43 (95% CI 1.17-1.75), 1.30 (95% CI 1.01-1.68) and 1.84 (95% CI 1.47-2.30), respectively. During the period, rates of obesity increased from 1.04% to 2.61%, whilst CRF scores decreased slightly. Adjustment for these factors influenced these secular trends only moderately. CONCLUSION Secular trends of young-onset CVD events demonstrated a marked shift from AMI and CVD mortality to HF and stroke incidence. Trends were significantly, though moderately, influenced by changing baseline BMI and CRF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N D Åberg
- From the, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Acute Medicine and Geriatrics (SU/Sahlgrenska), Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - M Adiels
- Section of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - M Lindgren
- Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Östra/MGAÖ, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - J Nyberg
- Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Region Västra Götaland, Neurology Clinic, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - H Georg Kuhn
- Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Region Västra Götaland, Neurology Clinic, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Institute for Public Health, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - J Robertson
- Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Östra/MGAÖ, Gothenburg, Sweden.,School of Public Health and Community Medicine/Primary Health Care, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - M Schaufelberger
- Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Östra/MGAÖ, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - N Sattar
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - M Åberg
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine/Primary Health Care, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Region Västra Götaland, Närhälsan, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - A Rosengren
- Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Östra/MGAÖ, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Clark CG, Kearney AK, Tschetter L, Robertson J, Pollari F, Parker S, Arya G, Ziebell K, Johnson R, Nash J, Nadon C. Population structure, case clusters, and genetic lesions associated with Canadian Salmonella 4,[5],12:i:- isolates. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249079. [PMID: 33822792 PMCID: PMC8049487 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Monophasic Salmonella 4,[5]:12:i:- are a major public health problem because they are one of the top five Salmonella serotypes isolated from clinical cases globally and because they can carry resistance to multiple antibiotics. A total of 811 Salmonella 4,[5]:12:i:- and S. Typhimurium whole genome sequences (WGS) were generated. The various genetic lesions causing the Salmonella 4,[5]:12:i:- genotype were identified and assessed with regards to their distribution in the population of 811 Salmonella 4,[5]:12:i:- and S. Typhimurium isolates, their geographical and temporal distribution, and their association with non-human sources. Several clades were identified in the population structure, and the largest two were associated almost exclusively with a short prophage insertion and insertion of a mobile element carrying loci encoding antibiotic and mercury resistance. IS26-mediated deletions and fljB point mutants appeared to spread clonally. 'Inconsistent' Salmonella 4,[5]:12:i:- isolates associated with specific, single amino acid changes in fljA and hin were found in a single clade composed of water, shellfish, and avian isolates. Inclusion of isolates from different case clusters identified previously by PFGE validated some of the clusters and invalidated others. Some wgMLST clusters of clinical isolates composed of very closely related isolates contained an isolate(s) with a different genetic lesion, suggesting continuing mobility of the implicated element responsible. Such cases may need to be left out of epidemiological investigations until sufficient numbers of isolates are included that statistical significance of association with sources is not impaired. Non-human sources were frequently found in or near clinical case clusters. Prospective surveillance and WGS of non-human sources and retrospective analysis by WGS of isolates from existing culture collections provides data critical for epidemiological investigations of food- and waterborne outbreaks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clifford G. Clark
- Division of Enteric Diseases, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Ashley K. Kearney
- Division of Enteric Diseases, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Lorelee Tschetter
- Division of Enteric Diseases, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - James Robertson
- Division of Enteric Diseases, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Frank Pollari
- FoodNet Canada, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen Parker
- FoodNet Canada, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gitanjali Arya
- Division of Enteric Diseases, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kim Ziebell
- Division of Enteric Diseases, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Roger Johnson
- Division of Enteric Diseases, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - John Nash
- Division of Enteric Diseases, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Celine Nadon
- Division of Enteric Diseases, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Affiliation(s)
- James Robertson
- National Centre for Forensic Studies (NCFS), University of Canberra,
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Lindaberry C, Vaden S, Aicher KM, Seiler G, Robertson J, Cianciolo R, Yang C, Gookin JL. Proteinuria in dogs with gallbladder mucocele formation: A retrospective case control study. J Vet Intern Med 2021; 35:878-886. [PMID: 33547696 PMCID: PMC7995360 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Proteinuria is an independent risk factor for morbidity and mortality in dogs. An association between proteinuria and gallbladder mucocele formation in dogs is unknown. Objective Determine if gallbladder mucocele formation or clinicopathologic comorbidities are associated with proteinuria. Animals Twenty‐five dogs with mucocele formation and 25 breed and age‐matched control dogs from a prior study. Methods Retrospective case control study. Proteinuria defined by calculated urine dipstick protein concentration (mg/mL) to urine specific gravity (USG) ratio. Clinicopathologic findings, postcosyntropin cortisol concentration, thyroid function profile, and illness severity score were recorded. Results Median urine dipstick protein concentration to USG ratio and number of dogs having a ratio ≥1.5 were significantly higher for dogs with mucocele formation compared to control dogs. Proteinuria was not significantly associated with CBC or serum biochemistry profile abnormalities but increased in relation to severity of illness. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Gallbladder mucocele formation is significantly associated with proteinuria in dogs. Diagnosis and treatment of proteinuria in dogs with mucocele formation might minimize long term kidney morbidity in these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Crystal Lindaberry
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Shelly Vaden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kathleen M Aicher
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Veterinary Specialty Hospital of the Carolinas, Cary, North Carolina, USA
| | - Gabriela Seiler
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - James Robertson
- College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rachel Cianciolo
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Ching Yang
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jody L Gookin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Airlie M, Robertson J, Krosch MN, Brooks E. Contemporary issues in forensic science-Worldwide survey results. Forensic Sci Int 2021; 320:110704. [PMID: 33581657 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2021.110704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Forensic science continues to be openly challenged and criticized. The aim of this study was to gain an understanding of forensic workplaces and the perceived current and potential future issues from forensic scientists via a detailed survey. An online survey was designed and disseminated to forensic practitioners and researchers worldwide. 544 participants from more than 20 countries took part in the survey. Participants personally rated ten forensic disciplines with subjective methodologies, responded on a five-point Likert scale to 22 statements that addressed subjectivity and objectivity, validation and proficiency testing and error and bias and answered demographic questions relating to their workplace type, level of experience and qualifications. Participants also commented freely on forensic issues specifically important to them. The purpose of this paper is to provide the survey results and consensuses captured on several key issues. Overall participants believed forensic science must be valid and reliable and supported development of objective methodologies, validation and further investigation into the application statistics, use of error rates and implications of cognitive bias. Participants raised consensus concerns with the provision of expert evidence and other broader issues. This information and understanding from the forensic front line are essential for forensic science moving forward to best address current challenges and criticisms not only of forensic evidence for the court but for applications of forensic science beyond the courtroom.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Airlie
- University of Canberra, National Centre for Forensic Studies, Faculty of Science and Technology, 11 Kirinari Street, Bruce, ACT, 2617, Australia; Forensic Services Group, Queensland Police Service, Level 4, 200 Roma Street, Brisbane, Queensland, 4000, Australia.
| | - James Robertson
- University of Canberra, National Centre for Forensic Studies, Faculty of Science and Technology, 11 Kirinari Street, Bruce, ACT, 2617, Australia
| | - Matt N Krosch
- Forensic Services Group, Queensland Police Service, Level 4, 200 Roma Street, Brisbane, Queensland, 4000, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Brooks
- University of Canberra, National Centre for Forensic Studies, Faculty of Science and Technology, 11 Kirinari Street, Bruce, ACT, 2617, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Affiliation(s)
- James Robertson
- National Centre for Forensic Studies (NCFS), University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia,
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Saha B, Aoyama K, Petre MA, Englesakis M, Robertson J, Levine M. Pericardial disease as a rare complication of pediatric appendicitis: a systematic literature search. JA Clin Rep 2020; 6:89. [PMID: 33165640 PMCID: PMC7652975 DOI: 10.1186/s40981-020-00395-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Classic symptoms of acute appendicitis are well known but are uncommon and often misinterpreted in pediatric patients, potentially delaying diagnosis and resulting in rare sequelae. METHODS We conducted a comprehensive systematic literature search of case reports detailing pericardial disease as a rare complication of pediatric appendicitis through MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Databases. Inclusion criteria was that the patient must be < 18 years old and present with both pericardial disease and appendicitis. RESULTS Our search yielded 7 cases with an average age of 10.3 ± 3.9 years old. The cases involved cardiac tamponade, pericarditis, and/or pericardial effusion. Five cases were diagnosed with appendicitis before complicated by pericardial disease. Most cases had an infectious component, but a majority had negative pericardial fluid cultures. Pleural effusion and abdominal abscesses were other common complications of pediatric appendicitis. CONCLUSION Awareness of this uncommon relationship may have prognostic value as this may facilitate appropriate management of pericardial effusions, tamponade, and/or appendicitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bibek Saha
- John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 651 Ilalo St, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA.,Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, #2211, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Kazuyoshi Aoyama
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, #2211, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada. .,Program in Clinical Health Evaluative Sciences, The SickKids Research Institute, 555 University Ave, #2211, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada.
| | - Maria-Alexandra Petre
- Department of Pediatric Anesthesia, Montreal Children's Hospital, 1001 Decarie Blvd, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Marina Englesakis
- Library and Information Services, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth St, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - James Robertson
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, #2211, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Mark Levine
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, #2211, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Ye H, Rutka E, Robertson J. Identifying Priority Action for Improving Patient Satisfaction in Outpatient Cancer Care. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.1493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
48
|
Clark CG, Landgraff C, Robertson J, Pollari F, Parker S, Nadon C, Gannon VPJ, Johnson R, Nash J. Distribution of heavy metal resistance elements in Canadian Salmonella 4,[5],12:i:- populations and association with the monophasic genotypes and phenotype. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236436. [PMID: 32716946 PMCID: PMC7384650 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella 4,[5],12:i:- are monophasic S. Typhimurium variants incapable of producing the second-phase flagellar antigen. They have emerged since the mid-1990s to become one of the most prevalent Salmonella serotypes causing human disease world-wide. Multiple genetic events associated with different genetic elements can result in the monophasic phenotype. Several jurisdictions have reported the emergence of a Salmonella 4,[5],12:i:- clone with SGI-4 and a genetic element (MREL) encoding a mercury resistance operon and antibiotic resistance loci that disrupts the second phase antigen region near the iroB locus in the Salmonella genome. We have sequenced 810 human and animal Canadian Salmonella 4,[5],12:i:- isolates and determined that isolates with SGI-4 and the mercury resistance element (MREL; also known as RR1&RR2) constitute several global clades containing various proportions of Canadian, US, and European isolates. Detailed analysis of the data provides a clearer picture of how these heavy metal elements interact with bacteria within the Salmonella population to produce the monophasic phenotype. Insertion of the MREL near iroB is associated with several deletions and rearrangements of the adjacent flaAB hin region, which may be useful for defining human case clusters that could represent outbreaks. Plasmids carrying genes encoding silver, copper, mercury, and antimicrobial resistance appear to be derived from IS26 mediated acquisition of these genes from genomes carrying SGI-4 and the MREL. Animal isolates with the mercury and As/Cu/Ag resistance elements are strongly associated with porcine sources in Canada as has been shown previously for other jurisdictions. The data acquired in these investigations, as well as from the extensive literature on the subject, may aid source attribution in outbreaks of the organism and interventions to decrease the prevalence of this clone and reduce its impact on human disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clifford G Clark
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Chrystal Landgraff
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - James Robertson
- Division of Enteric Diseases, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Frank Pollari
- FoodNet Canada, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen Parker
- FoodNet Canada, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Celine Nadon
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- PulseNet Canada, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Victor P J Gannon
- Division of Enteric Diseases, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Lethbridge, Canada
| | - Roger Johnson
- Division of Enteric Diseases, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - John Nash
- Division of Enteric Diseases, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Laskey A, Ottenbrite M, Devenish J, Kang M, Savic M, Nadin-Davis S, Chmara J, Lin M, Robertson J, Bessonov K, Gurnik S, Liu K, Nash JHE, Scott A, Topp E, Guan J. Mobility of β-Lactam Resistance Under Bacterial Co-infection and Ampicillin Treatment in a Mouse Model. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1591. [PMID: 32733428 PMCID: PMC7358583 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Ingestion of food- or waterborne antibiotic-resistant bacteria may lead to the dissemination of antibiotic-resistance genes in the gut microbiota and the development of antibiotic-resistant bacterial infection, a significant threat to animal and public health. Food or water may be contaminated with multiple resistant bacteria, but animal models on gene transfer were mainly based on single-strain infections. In this study, we investigated the mobility of β-lactam resistance following infection with single- versus multi-strain of resistant bacteria under ampicillin treatment. We characterized three bacterial strains isolated from food-animal production systems, Escherichia coli O80:H26 and Salmonella enterica serovars Bredeney and Heidelberg. Each strain carries at least one conjugative plasmid that encodes a β-lactamase. We orally infected mice with each or all three bacterial strain(s) in the presence or absence of ampicillin treatment. We assessed plasmid transfer from the three donor bacteria to an introduced E. coli CV601gfp recipient in the mouse gut, and evaluated the impacts of the bacterial infection on gut microbiota and gut health. In the absence of ampicillin treatment, none of the donor or recipient bacteria established in the normal gut microbiota and plasmid transfer was not detected. In contrast, the ampicillin treatment disrupted the gut microbiota and enabled S. Bredeney and Heidelberg to colonize and transfer their plasmids to the E. coli CV601gfp recipient. E. coli O80:H26 on its own failed to colonize the mouse gut. However, during co-infection with the two Salmonella strains, E. coli O80:H26 colonized and transferred its plasmid to the E. coli CV601gfp recipient and a residential E. coli O2:H6 strain. The co-infection significantly increased plasmid transfer frequency, enhanced Proteobacteria expansion and resulted in inflammation in the mouse gut. Our findings suggest that single-strain infection models for evaluating in vivo gene transfer may underrepresent the consequences of multi-strain infections following the consumption of heavily contaminated food or water.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Laskey
- Ottawa Laboratory, Fallowfield, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Marie Ottenbrite
- Ottawa Laboratory, Fallowfield, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - John Devenish
- Ottawa Laboratory, Fallowfield, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Mingsong Kang
- Ottawa Laboratory, Fallowfield, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Mirjana Savic
- Ottawa Laboratory, Fallowfield, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Susan Nadin-Davis
- Ottawa Laboratory, Fallowfield, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - John Chmara
- Ottawa Laboratory, Fallowfield, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Min Lin
- Ottawa Laboratory, Fallowfield, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - James Robertson
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Kyrylo Bessonov
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Simone Gurnik
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Kira Liu
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - John H. E. Nash
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew Scott
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, Canada
| | - Edward Topp
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, Canada
| | - Jiewen Guan
- Ottawa Laboratory, Fallowfield, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Amaral AF, Rahman KS, Kick AR, Cortes LM, Robertson J, Kaltenboeck B, Gerdts V, O’Connell CM, Poston TB, Zheng X, Liu C, Omesi SY, Darville T, Käser T. Mucosal Vaccination with UV-Inactivated Chlamydia suis in Pre-Exposed Outbred Pigs Decreases Pathogen Load and Induces CD4 T-Cell Maturation into IFN-γ + Effector Memory Cells. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8030353. [PMID: 32630694 PMCID: PMC7564508 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8030353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) infections are the most frequent bacterial sexually transmitted disease, and they can lead to ectopic pregnancy and infertility. Despite these detrimental long-term sequelae, a vaccine is not available. Success in preclinical animal studies is essential for vaccines to move to human clinical trials. Pigs are the natural host to Chlamydia suis (Cs)-a chlamydia species closely related to Ct, and are susceptible to Ct, making them a valuable animal model for Ct vaccine development. Before making it onto market, Ct vaccine candidates must show efficacy in a high-risk human population. The high prevalence of human Ct infection combined with the fact that natural infection does not result in sterilizing immunity, results in people at risk likely having been pre-exposed, and thus having some level of underlying non-protective immunity. Like human Ct, Cs is highly prevalent in outbred pigs. Therefore, the goal of this study was to model a trial in pre-exposed humans, and to determine the immunogenicity and efficacy of intranasal Cs vaccination in pre-exposed outbred pigs. The vaccine candidates consisted of UV-inactivated Cs particles in the presence or absence of an adjuvant (TriAdj). In this study, both groups of vaccinated pigs had a lower Cs burden compared to the non-vaccinated group; especially the TriAdj group induced the differentiation of CD4+ cells into tissue-trafficking CCR7- IFN-γ-producing effector memory T cells. These results indicate that Cs vaccination of pre-exposed pigs effectively boosts a non-protective immune response induced by natural infection; moreover, they suggest that a similar approach could be applied to human vaccine trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda F. Amaral
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA; (A.F.A.); (A.R.K.); (L.M.C.)
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Khondaker S. Rahman
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (K.S.R.); (B.K.)
| | - Andrew R. Kick
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA; (A.F.A.); (A.R.K.); (L.M.C.)
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Lizette M. Cortes
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA; (A.F.A.); (A.R.K.); (L.M.C.)
| | - James Robertson
- College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA;
| | - Bernhard Kaltenboeck
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (K.S.R.); (B.K.)
| | - Volker Gerdts
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization—International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, 120 Veterinary Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada;
| | - Catherine M. O’Connell
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (C.M.O.); (T.B.P.); (X.Z.); (S.Y.O.); (T.D.)
| | - Taylor B. Poston
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (C.M.O.); (T.B.P.); (X.Z.); (S.Y.O.); (T.D.)
| | - Xiaojing Zheng
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (C.M.O.); (T.B.P.); (X.Z.); (S.Y.O.); (T.D.)
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
| | - Chuwen Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
| | - Sam Y. Omesi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (C.M.O.); (T.B.P.); (X.Z.); (S.Y.O.); (T.D.)
| | - Toni Darville
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (C.M.O.); (T.B.P.); (X.Z.); (S.Y.O.); (T.D.)
| | - Tobias Käser
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA; (A.F.A.); (A.R.K.); (L.M.C.)
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-919-513-6352
| |
Collapse
|