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Delgado E, Benito S, Montero V, Cuevas MT, Fernández-García A, Sánchez-Martínez M, García-Bodas E, Díez-Fuertes F, Gil H, Cañada J, Carrera C, Martínez-López J, Sintes M, Pérez-Álvarez L, Thomson MM. Diverse Large HIV-1 Non-subtype B Clusters Are Spreading Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in Spain. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:655. [PMID: 31001231 PMCID: PMC6457325 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In Western Europe, the HIV-1 epidemic among men who have sex with men (MSM) is dominated by subtype B. However, recently, other genetic forms have been reported to circulate in this population, as evidenced by their grouping in clusters predominantly comprising European individuals. Here we describe four large HIV-1 non-subtype B clusters spreading among MSM in Spain. Samples were collected in 9 regions. A pol fragment was amplified from plasma RNA or blood-extracted DNA. Phylogenetic analyses were performed via maximum likelihood, including database sequences of the same genetic forms as the identified clusters. Times and locations of the most recent common ancestors (MRCA) of clusters were estimated with a Bayesian method. Five large non-subtype B clusters associated with MSM were identified. The largest one, of F1 subtype, was reported previously. The other four were of CRF02_AG (CRF02_1; n = 115) and subtypes A1 (A1_1; n = 66), F1 (F1_3; n = 36), and C (C_7; n = 17). Most individuals belonging to them had been diagnosed of HIV-1 infection in the last 10 years. Each cluster comprised viruses from 3 to 8 Spanish regions and also comprised or was related to viruses from other countries: CRF02_1 comprised a Japanese subcluster and viruses from 8 other countries from Western Europe, Asia, and South America; A1_1 comprised viruses from Portugal, United Kingom, and United States, and was related to the A1 strain circulating in Greece, Albania and Cyprus; F1_3 was related to viruses from Romania; and C_7 comprised viruses from Portugal and was related to a virus from Mozambique. A subcluster within CRF02_1 was associated with heterosexual transmission. Near full-length genomes of each cluster were of uniform genetic form. Times of MRCAs of CRF02_1, A1_1, F1_3, and C_7 were estimated around 1986, 1989, 2013, and 1983, respectively. MRCA locations for CRF02_1 and A1_1 were uncertain (however initial expansions in Spain in Madrid and Vigo, respectively, were estimated) and were most probable in Bilbao, Spain, for F1_3 and Portugal for C_7. These results show that the HIV-1 epidemic among MSM in Spain is becoming increasingly diverse through the expansion of diverse non-subtype B clusters, comprising or related to viruses circulating in other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Delgado
- HIV Biology and Variability Unit, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia Benito
- HIV Biology and Variability Unit, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vanessa Montero
- HIV Biology and Variability Unit, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Teresa Cuevas
- HIV Biology and Variability Unit, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aurora Fernández-García
- HIV Biology and Variability Unit, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Sánchez-Martínez
- HIV Biology and Variability Unit, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena García-Bodas
- HIV Biology and Variability Unit, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Díez-Fuertes
- AIDS Immunopathogenesis Unit, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Horacio Gil
- HIV Biology and Variability Unit, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,European Program for Public Health Microbiology Training, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Javier Cañada
- HIV Biology and Variability Unit, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Carrera
- HIV Biology and Variability Unit, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Martínez-López
- HIV Biology and Variability Unit, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcos Sintes
- HIV Biology and Variability Unit, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucía Pérez-Álvarez
- HIV Biology and Variability Unit, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Michael M Thomson
- HIV Biology and Variability Unit, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Carro J, Fernández-Fueyo E, Fernández-Alonso C, Cañada J, Ullrich R, Hofrichter M, Alcalde M, Ferreira P, Martínez AT. Self-sustained enzymatic cascade for the production of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid from 5-methoxymethylfurfural. Biotechnol Biofuels 2018; 11:86. [PMID: 29619082 PMCID: PMC5880071 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1091-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 2,5-Furandicarboxylic acid is a renewable building block for the production of polyfurandicarboxylates, which are biodegradable polyesters expected to substitute their classical counterparts derived from fossil resources. It may be produced from bio-based 5-hydroxymethylfurfural or 5-methoxymethylfurfural, both obtained by the acidic dehydration of biomass-derived fructose. 5-Methoxymethylfurfural, which is produced in the presence of methanol, generates less by-products and exhibits better storage stability than 5-hydroxymethylfurfural being, therefore, the industrial substrate of choice. RESULTS In this work, an enzymatic cascade involving three fungal oxidoreductases has been developed for the production of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid from 5-methoxymethylfurfural. Aryl-alcohol oxidase and unspecific peroxygenase act on 5-methoxymethylfurfural and its partially oxidized derivatives yielding 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid, as well as methanol as a by-product. Methanol oxidase takes advantage of the methanol released for in situ producing H2O2 that, along with that produced by aryl-alcohol oxidase, fuels the peroxygenase reactions. In this way, the enzymatic cascade proceeds independently, with the only input of atmospheric O2, to attain a 70% conversion of initial 5-methoxymethylfurfural. The addition of some exogenous methanol to the reaction further improves the yield to attain an almost complete conversion of 5-methoxymethylfurfural into 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid. CONCLUSIONS The synergistic action of aryl-alcohol oxidase and unspecific peroxygenase in the presence of 5-methoxymethylfurfural and O2 is sufficient for the production of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid. The addition of methanol oxidase to the enzymatic cascade increases the 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid yields by oxidizing a reaction by-product to fuel the peroxygenase reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carro
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Fernández-Fueyo
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Javier Cañada
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - René Ullrich
- Department of Bio- and Environmental Sciences, International Institute Zittau - Technische Universität Dresden, Markt 23, 02763 Zittau, Germany
| | - Martin Hofrichter
- Department of Bio- and Environmental Sciences, International Institute Zittau - Technische Universität Dresden, Markt 23, 02763 Zittau, Germany
| | - Miguel Alcalde
- Department of Biocatalysis, Institute of Catalysis, CSIC, Marie Curie 2, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Ferreira
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology and BIFI, University of Zaragoza, E-50009 Saragossa, Spain
| | - Angel T. Martínez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
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Canales A, Boos I, Karst L, Perkams L, Luber T, Karagiannis T, Cañada J, Domínguez G, Perez‐Castells J, Unverzagt C, Jiménez‐Barbero J. Breaking the limits in analyzing carbohydrate recognition by NMR: Resolving Branch‐ Selective Interaction of a Tetraantennary N‐Glycan with lectins. FASEB J 2018. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2018.32.1_supplement.544.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Irene Boos
- Bioorganische ChemieBayreuth UnivesityBayreuthGermany
| | - Lukas Karst
- Bioorganische ChemieBayreuth UnivesityBayreuthGermany
| | - Lukas Perkams
- Bioorganische ChemieBayreuth UnivesityBayreuthGermany
| | - Thomas Luber
- Bioorganische ChemieBayreuth UnivesityBayreuthGermany
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4
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Serrano MA, Cañada J, Moreno JC, Gurrea G. Solar ultraviolet doses and vitamin D in a northern mid-latitude. Sci Total Environ 2017; 574:744-750. [PMID: 27664761 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.09.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation is one of the most important factors in the development of skin cancer in human, solar erythema and skin aging. Nevertheless, numerous studies have shown the benefits of UV solar radiation in moderate doses, such as the reduction of blood pressure and mental health, treatment of various diseases, and the synthesis of vitamin D in the skin. This paper analyses data from solar ultraviolet erythemal (UVER) irradiance in W/m2 measured in a northern mid-latitude as Valencia (Spain) for the period 2003-2010. To estimate effective solar UV radiation in the production of vitamin D (UVD) we used the relationship proposed by McKenzie et al. (2009). It was obtained for one month for each season the minimum exposure time needed around solar noon and at 9 UTC and 15 UTC (Coordinated Universal Time) to obtain the recommended daily dose of 1000IU. Also, it has been calculated time for erythema induction around solar noon for the same months. The median UVER daily dose during the summer months was 4000J/m2day, and 700J/m2day in winter. With regard to UVD, the median UVD daily dose in summer season was 7700J/m2day, and in winter it was 1000J/m2day. Around noon in January it takes more than two hours of solar exposure to obtain the recommended daily dose of vitamin D, whereas the rest of the year range between 7min on July and 31min on October. For the same months around noon, exposure times to produce erythema were obtained, these being of higher value to the previous. The results show that it is difficult to obtain the recommended vitamin D doses in winter in a northern mid-latitude, as the human body is almost entirely covered in this season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Antonia Serrano
- Solar Radiation Research Group, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Javier Cañada
- Solar Radiation Research Group, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Moreno
- Solar Radiation Research Group, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Gonzalo Gurrea
- Solar Radiation Research Group, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain.
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5
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Abstract
Children are a special group since epidemiological evidence indicates that excessive exposure to sunlight at an early age increases the risk of skin cancer in later life. The purpose of this study is to quantify children's UV exposure when skiing, using dosimeters (VioSpor) placed on the shoulders of 10 participants. The children received a median daily Standard Erythema Dose of 2.1 within a range of 4.9-0.71, this being approximately 35% of the calculated 24 h ambient UV radiation on the horizontal plane. According to the results obtained, young skiers are exposed to UV radiation that can potentially cause skin damage and erythema and increase the risk of skin cancer in the course of a lifetime. These findings emphasise the need for adequate protective measures against solar radiation when skiing. The results also suggest that sun-protection campaigns should be undertaken aimed at children engaged in outdoor sports, including winter activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- María-Antonia Serrano
- Instituto de Ingeniería Energética, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
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6
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Moreno JC, Serrano MA, Cañada J, Gurrea G, Utrillas MP. Effect of the relative optical air mass and the clearness index on solar erythemal UV irradiance. J Photochem Photobiol B 2014; 138:92-8. [PMID: 24911276 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2014.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This paper analyses the effects of the clearness index (Kt) and the relative optical air mass (mr) on erythemal UV irradiance (UVER). The UVER measurements were made in Valencia (Spain) from 6:00 am to 6:00 pm between June 2003 and December 2012 and (140,000 data points). Firstly, two models were used to calculate values for the erythemal ultraviolet irradiance clearness index (KtUVER) as a function of the global irradiance clearness index (Kt). Secondly, a potential regression model to measure the KtUVER as a function of the relative optical air mass was studied. The coefficients of this regression were evaluated for clear and cloudy days, as well as for days with high and low ozone levels. Thirdly, an analysis was made of the relationship between the two effects in the experimental database, with it being found that the highest degree of agreement, or the joint highest frequencies, are located in the optical mass range mr∈[1.0, 1.2] and the clearness index range of Kt∈[0.8, 1.0]. This is useful for establishing the ranges of parameters where models are more efficient. Simple equations have been tested that can provide additional information for the engineering projects concerning thermal installations. Fourthly, a high dispersion of radiation data was observed for intermediate values of the clearness for UV and UVER.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Moreno
- Instituto de Ingeniería Energética, Universitat Politècnica de València, Cno. de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
| | - M A Serrano
- Instituto de Ingeniería Energética, Universitat Politècnica de València, Cno. de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - J Cañada
- Instituto de Ingeniería Energética, Universitat Politècnica de València, Cno. de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - G Gurrea
- Instituto de Ingeniería Energética, Universitat Politècnica de València, Cno. de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - M P Utrillas
- Department of Earth Physics and Thermodynamics, University of Valencia, c/Dr. Moliner s/n, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
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7
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Ariza A, Collado D, Vida Y, Montañez MI, Pérez‐Inestrosa E, Blanca M, Torres MJ, Cañada J, Pérez‐Sala D. Protein modification by biotinylated amoxicillin: usefulness in studies on allergy towards beta‐lactams. Clin Transl Allergy 2014. [PMCID: PMC4127971 DOI: 10.1186/2045-7022-4-s3-p37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Ariza
- IBIMARegional University Hospital of Malaga, UMAResearch LaboratorySpain
| | - Daniel Collado
- Department of Organic ChemistryBIONAND‐Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology and University of MalagaSpain
| | - Yolanda Vida
- Department of Organic ChemistryBIONAND‐Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology and University of MalagaSpain
| | | | | | - Miguel Blanca
- IBIMARegional University Hospital of Malaga, UMAAllergy UnitSpain
| | | | - Javier Cañada
- Department of Chemical and Physical BiologyCentro de Investigaciones BiológicasConsejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasSpain
| | - Dolores Pérez‐Sala
- Department of Chemical and Physical BiologyCentro de Investigaciones BiológicasConsejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasSpain
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8
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Serrano MA, Cañada J, Moreno JC, Gurrea G. Occupational UV exposure of environmental agents in Valencia, Spain. Photochem Photobiol 2014; 90:911-8. [PMID: 24494834 DOI: 10.1111/php.12252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Excessive exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is considered the most important environmental risk factor in the development of melanoma and skin cancer. Outdoor workers are among those with the highest risk from exposure to solar UVR, as their daily activities constantly expose them to this radiation source. A study was carried out in Valencia, Spain, in summer 2012 and involved a group of 11 workers for a period of six 2-day recordings. Sensitive spore-film filter-type personal dosimeters (VioSpor) were used to measure erythemal UVR received by environmental agents in the course of their daily work. Median 2-day UV exposure was 6.2 standard erythema dose (SED), with 1 SED defined as effective 100 J m(-2) when weighted with the Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage's (CIE) erythemal response function. These workers were found to receive a median of 8.3% total daily ambient ultraviolet erythemal radiation. Comparison with the occupational UV exposure limit showed that the subjects had received an erythemal UV dose in excess of occupational guidelines, indicating that protective measures against this risk are highly advisable.
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Affiliation(s)
- María-Antonia Serrano
- Instituto de Ingeniería Energética, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, España
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9
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Abstract
The aim of this paper is to measure UV exposure for three groups of amateur athletes in their training/recreational schedules using VioSpor personal dosimeters and we found that two of these groups exceeded the international UV threshold level for non-sun-adapted Mediterranean skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- María-Antonia Serrano
- Instituto de Ingeniería Energética
- Universitat Politècnica de València
- 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Javier Cañada
- Instituto de Ingeniería Energética
- Universitat Politècnica de València
- 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Moreno
- Instituto de Ingeniería Energética
- Universitat Politècnica de València
- 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Gurrea
- Instituto de Ingeniería Energética
- Universitat Politècnica de València
- 46022 Valencia, Spain
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10
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N'Go I, Golten S, Ardá A, Cañada J, Jiménez-Barbero J, Linclau B, Vincent SP. Tetrafluorination of sugars as strategy for enhancing protein-carbohydrate affinity: application to UDP-Galp mutase inhibition. Chemistry 2013; 20:106-12. [PMID: 24311368 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201303693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Tetrafluorinated analogues of both UDP-galactopyranose and UDP-galactofuranose have been synthesized and assayed against UDP-galactopyranose mutase, a key enzyme for Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell wall biosynthesis. Competition assays and STD-NMR spectroscopy techniques have evidenced not only the first unambiguous case of affinity enhancement through local sugar polyfluorination, but also showed that tetrafluorination can still have a beneficial effect on binding when monofluorination at the same position does not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inès N'Go
- Department of Chemistry, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000 Namur (Belgium)
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11
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del Carmen Fernández-Alonso M, Díaz D, Berbis MÁ, Marcelo F, Cañada J, Jiménez-Barbero J. Protein-carbohydrate interactions studied by NMR: from molecular recognition to drug design. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2013; 13:816-30. [PMID: 23305367 PMCID: PMC3706953 DOI: 10.2174/138920312804871175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Revised: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Diseases that result from infection are, in general, a consequence of specific interactions between a pathogenic organism and the cells. The study of host-pathogen interactions has provided insights for the design of drugs with therapeutic properties. One area that has proved to be promising for such studies is the constituted by carbohydrates which participate in biological processes of paramount importance. On the one hand, carbohydrates have shown to be information carriers with similar, if not higher, importance than traditionally considered carriers as amino acids and nucleic acids. On the other hand, the knowledge on molecular recognition of sugars by lectins and other carbohydrate-binding proteins has been employed for the development of new biomedical strategies. Biophysical techniques such as X-Ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy lead currently the investigation on this field. In this review, a description of traditional and novel NMR methodologies employed in the study of sugar-protein interactions is briefly presented in combination with a palette of NMR-based studies related to biologically and/or pharmaceutically relevant applications.
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12
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Serrano MA, Cañada J, Moreno JC. Solar UV exposure in construction workers in Valencia, Spain. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 2013; 23:525-530. [PMID: 22739681 DOI: 10.1038/jes.2012.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 03/29/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) has long been recognized as the most important environmental risk factor for melanoma and skin cancer. Outdoor workers are among the groups most at risk from exposure to solar UVR in their daily activities. Sensitive spore-film filter-type personal dosimeters (VioSpor) were used to measure the biologically effective UVR received by construction workers in the course of their daily work. The study took place in Valencia, Spain, in July 2010 and involved a group of eight workers for a period of 5 days. The median UV exposure was 6.11 standard erythema dose (SED) per day, with 1 SED defined as effective 100 J/m(2) when weighted with the Commission Internationale de L'Eeclairage erythemal response function. These workers were found to receive a median of 13.9% of total daily ambient ultraviolet erythemal radiation (UVER). Comparison with the occupational UVR exposure limit showed that the subjects had received UVER exposure in excess of occupational guidelines, indicating that protective measures against this risk are highly advisable.
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Affiliation(s)
- María-Antonia Serrano
- Instituto de Ingeniería Energética, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, España.
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13
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Moreno JC, Serrano MA, Lorente M, Cañada J, Utrillas MP. An empirical model of erythemal ultraviolet radiation in the city of Valencia, Spain. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2013; 12:1707-16. [PMID: 23793136 DOI: 10.1039/c3pp25439a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents an improved empirical model that predicts ultraviolet erythemal radiation (UVER) and considers all aspects of atmospheric conditions in Valencia, Spain. The analyzed model is a potential function whose dependent variable is UVER radiation and independent variables are the clearness index and slant ozone column. A potential regression function with all the information contributed a small coefficient of determination and one chose to use a regression potential-exponential mathematical form which improved the coefficient of similar determination. A study was carried out on the influence of season on the regression parameters. This was found to be considerable due to the clearness index. The convergence between the values calculated by the model and the experimental values was analyzed using the mean bias error (MBE) and mean absolute bias error (MABE) statistical parameters. The clearness index and ozone column intervals were analyzed and found to give an improved prediction of the UVER clearness index using regression analysis. Also, a sensitivity analysis was performed on the regression coefficients and parameters. It is important to study the effects of UVER radiation predicted by the model on human health or on agriculture crop growth and yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Moreno
- Instituto de Ingeniería Energética, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain.
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14
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Serrano MA, Cañada J, Moreno JC. Solar UV exposure of children in a summer school in Valencia, Spain. Int J Biometeorol 2012; 56:371-377. [PMID: 21560029 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-011-0440-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2010] [Revised: 01/18/2011] [Accepted: 02/21/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) exposure is the major environmental factor involved in the development of skin cancers and occurs mainly during outdoor activities. During summer schools, children receive regular and significant solar ultraviolet erythemal radiation (UVER) while practising outdoor activities. Personal dosimeters (VioSpor) were attached to the shoulders of schoolchildren and used to quantify their exposure to UVER. The study took place in Valencia, Spain, during July 2008, with three age groups (7-8, 9-10 and 11-12 years old) and involved about 15 schoolchildren. The median (25, 75 percentiles) twice-daily UV exposure values for all groups was 5.49 (3.59, 8.00) standard erythemal doses (SEDs), where 1 SED is defined as effective 100 Jm(-2) when weighted with the CIE erythemal response function. Exposure ratio (ER) is defined as the ratio between the personal dose on a selected body site and the corresponding ambient dose received on a horizontal plane during the same exposure period. The median (25, 75 percentiles) ER value for all groups in the study was 5.9% (4.1, 8.7).
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Affiliation(s)
- María-Antonia Serrano
- Department of Applied Physics, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain.
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Serrano MA, Cañada J, Moreno JC. Ultraviolet exposure for different outdoor sports in Valencia, Spain. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2011; 27:311-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0781.2011.00620.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- María-Antonia Serrano
- Instituto de Ingeniería Energética; Universitat Politècnica de València; Valencia; España
| | - Javier Cañada
- Instituto de Ingeniería Energética; Universitat Politècnica de València; Valencia; España
| | - Juan Carlos Moreno
- Instituto de Ingeniería Energética; Universitat Politècnica de València; Valencia; España
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16
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17
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Kuntothom T, Raab M, Tvaroška I, Fort S, Pengthaisong S, Cañada J, Calle L, Jiménez-Barbero J, Ketudat Cairns JR, Hrmova M. Binding of β-d-Glucosides and β-d-Mannosides by Rice and Barley β-d-Glycosidases with Distinct Substrate Specificities. Biochemistry 2010; 49:8779-93. [DOI: 10.1021/bi101112c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Teerachai Kuntothom
- School of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Michal Raab
- Department of Structure and Function of Saccharides, Institute of Chemistry, Center for Glycomics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Igor Tvaroška
- Department of Structure and Function of Saccharides, Institute of Chemistry, Center for Glycomics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Sebastien Fort
- Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolecules Vegetales, Grenoble, France
| | - Salila Pengthaisong
- School of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Javier Cañada
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Calle
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - James R. Ketudat Cairns
- School of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Maria Hrmova
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, Australia
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Abstract
UV exposure is considered to be one of the most important risk factors in skin cancers, mainly in outdoor occupational or recreational activities. Outdoor athletes such as cyclists receive regular and significant solar UV erythemal radiation (UVER). The aim of this work was to quantify UVER exposure of amateur cyclists over the course of several days in their training schedules. To quantify UVER exposure of this group, dosimeters (Viospor) were attached at the top of the helmet in the course of their training. The study took place in Valencia, Spain, in June to July 2008 and February to March 2009, and involved a group of five cyclists over a period of 4 days for each period. The mean 2-day personal UV exposure was 32.24 +/- 4.14 SED (standard erythema dose) in summer and 11.30 +/- 5.36 SED in the winter period. One SED is defined as an effective radiant exposure of 100 J m(-2) when weighted with the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) erythemal response function. The mean exposure ratio (ER) of cyclists was 0.37 +/- 0.04 in summer and 0.40 +/- 0.11 in winter. The cyclists received the highest UVER exposure in the summer period, but in both training periods UVER exposure was in excess of occupational and recreational guidelines, indicating that protective measures are very necessary.
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Utrillas MP, Marín MJ, Esteve AR, Estellés V, Tena F, Cañada J, Martínez-Lozano JA. Diffuse Ultraviolet Erythemal Irradiance on Inclined Planes: A Comparison of Experimental and Modeled Data. Photochem Photobiol 2009; 85:1245-53. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2009.00573.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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21
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Palomo C, Aizpurua JM, Balentová E, Azcune I, Santos JI, Jiménez-Barbero J, Cañada J, Miranda JI. “Click” Saccharide/β-Lactam Hybrids for Lectin Inhibition. Org Lett 2008; 10:2227-30. [DOI: 10.1021/ol8006259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Palomo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica-I, Universidad del País Vasco, Joxe Mari Korta R&D Center, Avda, Tolosa-72, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain, and Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu-9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesus M. Aizpurua
- Departamento de Química Orgánica-I, Universidad del País Vasco, Joxe Mari Korta R&D Center, Avda, Tolosa-72, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain, and Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu-9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Balentová
- Departamento de Química Orgánica-I, Universidad del País Vasco, Joxe Mari Korta R&D Center, Avda, Tolosa-72, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain, and Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu-9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Itxaso Azcune
- Departamento de Química Orgánica-I, Universidad del País Vasco, Joxe Mari Korta R&D Center, Avda, Tolosa-72, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain, and Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu-9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J. Ignacio Santos
- Departamento de Química Orgánica-I, Universidad del País Vasco, Joxe Mari Korta R&D Center, Avda, Tolosa-72, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain, and Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu-9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- Departamento de Química Orgánica-I, Universidad del País Vasco, Joxe Mari Korta R&D Center, Avda, Tolosa-72, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain, and Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu-9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Cañada
- Departamento de Química Orgánica-I, Universidad del País Vasco, Joxe Mari Korta R&D Center, Avda, Tolosa-72, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain, and Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu-9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Ignacio Miranda
- Departamento de Química Orgánica-I, Universidad del País Vasco, Joxe Mari Korta R&D Center, Avda, Tolosa-72, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain, and Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu-9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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22
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Abstract
Excess exposure to UV radiation can affect our health by causing sunburn, skin cancer, etc. It is therefore useful to determine the UV dosage received by people as a way of protecting them from the possible negative effects that this kind of radiation can cause. In this work, the personal outdoor percentage, which shows the time spent in outdoor activities, as well as personal UV doses, has been calculated by means of global UV radiation on a horizontal plane. A database of average daily UVB radiation on the horizontal plane given by the National Institute of Meteorology has been used. In this work we evaluate the standard erythema dose of the Spanish population throughout the year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Gurrea
- Departamento de Termodinámica Aplicada, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Utrillas MP, Marín MJ, Esteve AR, Tena F, Cañada J, Estellés V, Martínez-Lozano JA. Diffuse UV erythemal radiation experimental values. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd008846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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24
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Abstract
Solar ultraviolet erythemal irradiance (UVER) has been studied on inclined planes with different orientations in Valencia, Spain. To do this a platform was designed that could turn through 90 degrees on its own axis. The radiometers were inclined at an angle close to the latitude of Valencia (39.5 degrees N). Using two timers the platform could be turned through 90 degrees every 5 min. On clear or partially cloudy days, including those with different turbidity values, it was observed that the UVER showed a maximum at 1200 h GMT, very close to solar noon, in the north and south positions, while the maximum for east and west orientations was found at approximately one hour before and one hour after midday respectively. It was also observed how the irradiance for the south orientation was greater and for the north was less than for the horizontal plane, as well as the opposite performances of the east and west orientations, for four days close to the summer and winter solstices and each equinox. Some experimental results were also compared with the results from the SMARTS2.9 model for the same conditions. It was found that the model frequently overestimated the experimental data. With respect to the maximum calculated UV Index in the different planes this was always higher for the south orientation than for the north, while it was similar for east and west orientations throughout the year. Finally the accumulated erythemal dosage for the considered period was obtained as a function of phototype and orientation, confirming that the accumulated erythemal dosage decreased by around 37% in the north orientation compared to the horizontal value, while in the south position it was only 6% less and some 20% and 15% less in the east and west positions, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Esteve
- Solar Radiation Group, University of Valencia, Spain
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25
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Estellés V, Utrillas MP, Martínez-Lozano JA, Alcántara A, Alados-Arboledas L, Olmo FJ, Lorente J, de Cabo X, Cachorro V, Horvath H, Labajo A, Sorribas M, Díaz JP, Díaz AM, Silva AM, Elías T, Pujadas M, Rodrigues JA, Cañada J, García Y. Intercomparison of spectroradiometers and Sun photometers for the determination of the aerosol optical depth during the VELETA-2002 field campaign. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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26
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Martin JN, Muñoz EM, Schwergold C, Souard F, Asensio JL, Jiménez-Barbero J, Cañada J, Vicent C. Carbohydrate-based DNA ligands: sugar-oligoamides as a tool to study carbohydrate-nucleic acid interactions. J Am Chem Soc 2005; 127:9518-33. [PMID: 15984879 DOI: 10.1021/ja050794n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sugar-oligoamides have been designed and synthesized as structurally simple carbohydrate-based ligands to study carbohydrate-DNA interactions. The general design of the ligands 1-3 has been done as to favor the bound conformation of Distamycin-type gamma-linked covalent dimers which is a hairpin conformation. Indeed, NMR analysis of the sugar-oligoamides in the free state has indicated the presence of a percentage of a hairpin conformation in aqueous solution. The DNA binding activity of compounds 1-3 was confirmed by calf thymus DNA (ct-DNA) NMR titration. Interestingly, the binding of the different sugar-oligoamides seems to be modulated by the sugar configuration. Semiquantitative structural information about the DNA ligand complexes has been derived from NMR data. A competition experiment with Netropsin suggested that the sugar-oligoamide 3 bind to DNA in the minor groove. The NMR titrations of 1-3 with poly(dA-dT) and poly(dG-dC) suggested preferential binding to the ATAT sequence. TR-NOE NMR experiments for the sugar-oligoamide 3-ct-DNA complex both in D(2)O and H(2)O have confirmed the complex formation and given information on the conformation of the ligand in the bound state. The data confirmed that the sugar-oligoamide ligand is a hairpin in the bound state. Even more relevant to our goal, structural information on the conformation around the N-glycosidic linkage has been accessed. Thus, the sugar asymmetric centers pointing to the NH-amide and N-methyl rims of the molecule have been characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason N Martin
- Instituto de Química Orgánica, CSIC, c/ Juan de la Cierva 3, Madrid 28006, Spain
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Colombo G, Meli M, Cañada J, Asensio JL, Jimenez-Barbero J. A dynamic perspective on the molecular recognition of chitooligosaccharide ligands by hevein domains. Carbohydr Res 2005; 340:1039-49. [PMID: 15780268 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2005.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2004] [Accepted: 01/24/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The complexes between hevein and different chitin oligomers, from the di- to the penta-saccharide, are studied through all atom molecular-dynamics simulations. The results for the smaller oligosaccharide complexes show that the carbohydrate is able to move on the surface of the relatively flat binding-pocket of hevein, therefore occupying different binding subpockets. The pentasaccharide spans all possible intermolecular interactions with the receptor in a simultaneous manner. Statistical analysis methods were also applied in order to define the principal overall motions in the complexes. The oligosaccharide binding can be considered to be defined by a subtle balance between enthalpic and entropic effects, providing the possibility of the existence of multiple binding conformations. This structural and dynamical view parallels the results based on NOE NMR data for the three disaccharide, trisaccharide, and pentasaccharide complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Colombo
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, CNR via Mario Bianco, 9, 20131 Milano, Italy.
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28
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Asensio JL, Hidalgo A, Bastida A, Torrado M, Corzana F, Chiara JL, García-Junceda E, Cañada J, Jiménez-Barbero J. A Simple Structural-Based Approach to Prevent Aminoglycoside Inactivation by Bacterial Defense Proteins. Conformational Restriction Provides Effective Protection against Neomycin-B Nucleotidylation by ANT4. J Am Chem Soc 2005; 127:8278-9. [PMID: 15941249 DOI: 10.1021/ja051722z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we describe how the conformational differences exhibited by aminoglycosides in the binding pockets of the ribosome and those enzymes involved in bacterial resistance can be exploited in the design of new antibiotic derivatives with improved activity in resistant strains. The simple modification shown in the figure, leading to the conformationally restricted 5, provides an effective protection against aminoglycoside inactivation by Staphylococcus aureus ANT4, both in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Luis Asensio
- Instituto de Química Orgánica (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
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29
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del Fernández-Alonso MC, Cañada J, Jiménez-Barbero J, Cuevas G. Theoretical Study of Inversion and Topomerization Processes of Substituted Cyclohexanes: The Relevance of the Energy 3D Hypersurface. Chemphyschem 2005; 6:671-80. [PMID: 15881583 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200400495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Although the potential energy surface of highly symmetric cyclohexane has been extensively reviewed, no attention has been paid to the study of the effect of substitution of a methylene group by a heteroatom. The substitution may cause changes in molecular symmetry as well as the dipole moment, and the unshared electron pairs associated with the heteroatom may also introduce changes in molecular reactivity. However, these phenomena are not yet completely understood. To address these issues, a rigorous description of the inversion-topomerization process of methylcyclohexane and a revision of the conformational potential energy of oxane and thiane are presented. Moreover, the usefulness of providing a three-dimensional representation of these processes is discussed. In the case of methylcyclohexane, calculations show that three transition states are associated with inversion and four more with topomerization. In contrast, for oxane and thiane, only two transition states are involved with inversion and two with topomerization. Two fundamental conclusions can be drawn from this study. The first is that the inversion process occurs through elementary, stages that we have denoted "conformational elemental stages", which is an analogous term to that used for reaction mechanism description (minima-transition state-minima) where several elemental steps take place. The second conclusion is that two independent processes, inversion and topomerization, are connected by some common conformers. The inversion process controls the ring interchange, while topomerization allows exchange between skewed boats.
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30
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Colombo G, Meli M, Cañada J, Asensio JL, Jiménez-Barbero J. Toward the understanding of the structure and dynamics of protein-carbohydrate interactions: molecular dynamics studies of the complexes between hevein and oligosaccharidic ligands. Carbohydr Res 2004; 339:985-94. [PMID: 15010306 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2003.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2003] [Revised: 09/10/2003] [Accepted: 10/15/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Herein we study, through all atom molecular dynamics simulations, the complex between hevein and two N-acetylated chitin oligomers, namely N,N(')-diacetylchitobiose and N,N('),N(")-triacetylchitotriose. The results of the simulations for two disaccharide complexes and one trisaccharide complex show that a carbohydrate oligomer is able to move on the surface of the relatively flat binding pocket of hevein, therefore occupying different binding subpockets. Statistical analysis methods were also applied in order to define the principal overall motions in the complexes, showing how the different ligands in the simulations modulate the protein motions. The oligosaccharide binding can be considered as defined by a subtle balance between enthalpic (formation of intermolecular interactions between the ligand and the receptor) and entropic (due mainly to the possibility for the sugar to move on the surface of the protein domain) effects, determining multiple binding conformations. This structural and dynamical view could parallel the results obtained by regularly used restrained MD simulations based on NOE NMR data that provide a well defined structure for both the disaccharide and trisaccharide complexes, and agrees with the observations for longer oligosaccharide chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Colombo
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, CNR via Mario Bianco, 9, I-20131 Milan, Italy.
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Asensio JL, Hidalgo A, Cuesta I, González C, Cañada J, Vicent C, Chiara JL, Cuevas G, Jiménez-Barbero J. Experimental evidence for the existence of non-exo-anomeric conformations in branched oligosaccharides: NMR analysis of the structure and dynamics of aminoglycosides of the neomycin family. Chemistry 2002; 8:5228-40. [PMID: 12613042 DOI: 10.1002/1521-3765(20021115)8:22<5228::aid-chem5228>3.0.co;2-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
It is commonly known that the exo-anomeric effect is a major factor governing the conformational behavior of naturally occurring oligosaccharides. Conformational flexibility in these molecules mainly concerns the aglycon psi angle since phi is restricted by this stereo-electronic effect. In fact, to the best of our knowledge no case of a natural glycoside adopting a non-exo-anomeric conformation in solution has yet been reported. With respect to the flexibility among naturally occurring carbohydrates, branched type oligosaccharides including sugar residues glycosidated at contiguous positions (such as blood type carbohydrate antigens Lewis X) have been considered as the paradigm of rigid saccharides--the rigidity being enhanced by van der Waals interactions. Herein, we demonstrate unambiguously that both common beliefs are not to be generalized. For example in neomycin B, a branched oligosaccharide antibiotic, a large number of non-exo-anomeric conformations was detected in solution for the first time in naturally occurring sugars. This unusual behavior is attributed to branching. Here, polar contacts between non-vicinal sugar units lead to an enhanced flexibility of the ribose glycosidic torsion phi. The influence of sugar flexibility on RNA recognition will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Luis Asensio
- Instituto de Química Orgánica, CSIC Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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Asensio JL, Hidalgo A, Cuesta I, Gonzalez C, Cañada J, Vicent C, Chiara JL, Cuevas G, Jimenez-Barbero J. Experimental evidence for the existence of non-exo-anomeric conformations in branched oligosaccharides: the neomycin-B case. Chem Commun (Camb) 2002:2232-3. [PMID: 12397992 DOI: 10.1039/b205566j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
For the first time in natural O-glycosides, a large amount of non-exo-anomeric conformation is experimentally detected, in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Luis Asensio
- Instituto de Química Organica (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, Madrid, Spain
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33
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de la Mata I, Garcia JL, González C, Menéndez M, Cañada J, Jiménez-Barbero J, Asensio JL. The impact of R53C mutation on the three-dimensional structure, stability, and DNA-binding properties of the human Hesx-1 homeodomain. Chembiochem 2002; 3:726-40. [PMID: 12203971 DOI: 10.1002/1439-7633(20020802)3:8<726::aid-cbic726>3.0.co;2-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Septo-optic dysplasia (SOD) is loosely defined as any combination of optic nerve hypoplasia, pituitary gland hypoplasia, and midline abnormalities of the brain. Recent studies have shown that this rare disease has its origin in key mutations in Hesx-1, a protein that plays a critical role in normal development of the forebrain, eyes, and other anterior structures during embryogenesis. R53C mutation in the Hesx-1 homeodomain has recently been identified in some patients with SOD. However, no detailed description of the effect of this mutation on the protein structure, stability, and function has been reported so far. The impact of R53C substitution on Hesx-1 homeodomain structure, stability, and DNA-binding properties was analyzed by using a combination of NMR spectroscopy, molecular modeling and circular dichroism experiments. Although R53C mutation has very slight effects on protein structure, it has a profound impact on homeodomain stability. We show that intramolecular disulfide formation can be easily accomplished in the mutated homeodomain, which suggests that such bond formation could take place in vivo. This modification has a key effect on the homeodomain structure and stability, mainly through its effect on helix I/helix III packing. Finally, CD titrations allowed us to establish the energy cost of the R53C substitution with respect to Hesx-1-homeodomain-DNA complex stability. Detailed structural models are provided for the wild-type human Hesx-1 homeodomain and the R53C mutant, which is associated with SOD in humans. The reported effect of R53C mutation on protein stability and DNA-binding properties, together with the significant structural perturbations induced by disulfide formation in the mutated polypeptide might explain the loss of activity of the mutant in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel de la Mata
- Departamento de Bioquímica de la Universidad Complutense, Madrid (Spain)
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de La Fuente JM, Barrientos AG, Rojas TC, Rojo J, Cañada J, Fernández A, Penadés S. Gold Glyconanoparticles as Water-Soluble Polyvalent Models To Study Carbohydrate Interactions This work was supported by the DGICYT (PB96-0820), J.M.F. thanks the MEC for a predoctoral fellowship. A.G.B. thanks CSIC for financial support. We thank Prof. Martín-Lomas for his scientific and financial support. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2001; 40:2257-2261. [PMID: 11433487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús M. de La Fuente
- Grupo de Carbohidratos Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, CSIC Isla de la Cartuja, Américo Vespucio s/n, 41092 Sevilla (Spain)
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de la Fuente JM, Barrientos AG, Rojas TC, Rojo J, Cañada J, Fernández A, Penadés S. Gold Glyconanoparticles as Water-Soluble Polyvalent Models To Study Carbohydrate Interactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2001; 40:2257-2261. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3773(20010618)40:12<2257::aid-anie2257>3.0.co;2-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 329] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2001] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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36
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de la Fuente JM, Barrientos AG, Rojas TC, Rojo J, Cañada J, Fernández A, Penadés S. Gold Glyconanoparticles as Water-Soluble Polyvalent Models To Study Carbohydrate Interactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3757(20010618)113:12<2317::aid-ange2317>3.0.co;2-u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Cañada J, Pedrós G, López A, Boscá JV. Influences of the clearness index for the whole spectrum and of the relative optical air mass on UV solar irradiance for two locations in the Mediterranean area, Valencia and Cordoba. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd901106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Poveda A, Asensio JL, Espinosa JF, Martin-Pastor M, Cañada J, Jiménez-Barbero J. Applications of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and molecular modeling to the study of protein-carbohydrate interactions. J Mol Graph Model 1997; 15:9-17, 53. [PMID: 9346819 DOI: 10.1016/s1093-3263(97)00012-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This work provides an overview of the applications of NMR to the study of protein-carbohydrate interactions. The use of TR-NOE experiments in this context is given. In particular, the study of Ricin/lactose and Hevein/chitobiose complexes is detailed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Poveda
- Servicio Interdepartamental de Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
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Arriaga P, Laynez J, Menendez M, Cañada J, Garcia-Blanco F. Thermodynamic analysis of the interaction of the antibiotic teicoplanin and its aglycone with cell-wall peptides. Biochem J 1990; 265:69-77. [PMID: 2137332 PMCID: PMC1136615 DOI: 10.1042/bj2650069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The thermodynamics of the interaction of the glycopeptidic antibiotic teicoplanin and its peptidic moiety with analogues of bacterial cell-wall peptides were studied by means of calorimetric and spectrophotometric techniques. The analysis of the thermodynamic data has allowed us to evaluate the contributions of the different peptide groups to the binding process. The nature of the primary binding forces is also discussed for each interacting group, on the basis of their enthalpic and entropic contribution and in connection with the detailed structural information available for these antibiotics from n.m.r. data. Similar analyses for the case of vancomycin and ristocetin are also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Arriaga
- Instituto de Quimica-Fisica 'Rocasolano', Serrano, Madrid, Spain
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