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Souza-Fabjan JMG, Oliveira MEF, Guimarães MPP, Brandão FZ, Bartlewski PM, Fonseca JF. Review: Non-surgical artificial insemination and embryo recovery as safe tools for genetic preservation in small ruminants. Animal 2023; 17 Suppl 1:100787. [PMID: 37567658 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2023.100787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Artificial insemination (AI) and in vivo embryo production (or multiple ovulation and embryo transfer, MOET) programs are both instrumental in accelerating the propagation of genetically and economically superior goats and sheep. The aim of this review was to present the current gestalt of non-surgical AI and embryo recovery (NSER) procedures in small ruminants. Small body size, precluding rectal palpation, and highly limited penetrability of the uterine cervix in ewes are the major reasons for the scarce use of non-surgical assisted reproduction techniques in this species. As a result, AI and embryo recovery techniques in sheep mainly involve laparoscopy or laparotomy (LAP). In does, however, the Embrapa method of AI allows for successful intrauterine deposition of semen, resulting in pregnancy rates from 50 to 80% under field conditions (>3 000 goats inseminated) when frozen-thawed semen is used. After the administration of prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α), non-surgical (transcervical) embryo recovery is also feasible in goats, with the cervical penetration rate approaching 100%. There is a paucity of information on the efficacy of non-surgical AI using frozen semen in sheep, but the results are satisfactory with fresh, cooled, or chilled ram semen. An application of the NSER technique in ewes has greatly improved over the last decade, and cervical penetration rates of ∼90% can be achieved when a hormonal cervical dilation protocol using PGF2α, oxytocin, and/or estradiol ester (e.g., estradiol benzoate) is applied. In some genotypes of sheep, sufficient cervical dilation can be induced without estradiol ester included in the protocol. Several studies indicated that recovery of transferable quality ovine embryos using NSER is comparable to that employing a ventral midline laparotomy, and NSER is evidently a method of choice when animal welfare is concerned. Considering both the number of retrievable embryos and animal well-being, the NSER is a viable alternative for surgical procedures. With further developments, it has the makings of a primary, if not exclusive, embryo recovery technique in small ruminants worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M G Souza-Fabjan
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Vital Brazil Filho, 64, Cep 24230-340, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
| | - M E F Oliveira
- Departamento de Patologia, Reprodução e Saúde Única, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n, Cep 14884-900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - M P P Guimarães
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Vital Brazil Filho, 64, Cep 24230-340, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - F Z Brandão
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Vital Brazil Filho, 64, Cep 24230-340, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - P M Bartlewski
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - J F Fonseca
- Embrapa Caprinos e Ovinos, Rodovia MG 133, Km 42, Cep 36155000, Coronel Pacheco, MG, Brazil
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Dias JH, Vergani GB, Gonçalves JD, Oliveira TA, Penitente-Filho JM, Pereira VSA, Esteves SN, Garcia AR, Batista RITP, Oliveira MEF, Souza-Fabjan JMG, Fonseca JF. Different doses of pFSH are effective to promote follicular growth, superovulatory response, and embryo yield in White Dorper ewes. Small Rumin Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2023.106914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Dias JH, Gonçalves JD, Arrais AM, Souza-Fabjan JMG, Bastos R, Batista RITP, Siqueira LGB, Oliveira MEF, Fonseca JF. Effects of different doses of estradiol benzoate used in a cervical relaxation protocol on the success of non-surgical embryo recovery and luteal function in superovulated ewes. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2023; 82:106751. [PMID: 35901610 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2022.106751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effectiveness of different doses of estradiol benzoate (EB) to promote cervical relaxation and their effects on luteal function and outcomes of non-surgical embryo recovery (NSER) in sheep. Multiparous (MULT) and nulliparous (NULL) crossbred Lacaune X Santa Inês ewes were superovulated and naturally bred. Seven days after progesterone withdrawal, females were randomly assigned to one of three distinct cervical relaxation protocols, consisting of i.m. treatment with 37.5 µg d-cloprostenol and different doses of EB: 0.0 mg (0.0EB group; n = 3 NULL and 14 MULT); 0.5 mg (0.5EB group; n = 4 NULL and 12 MULT) or 1.0 mg (1.0EB group, n = 6 NULL and 11 MULT) 16 h before NSER. All ewes received 50 IU of oxytocin 20 min before NSER (D17). Blood samples were collected and ultrasound exams (B-mode and color Doppler) were performed at two timepoints: immediately before d-cloprostenol and EB treatments and prior to NSER. Estrous behavior, corpora lutea count and NSER success outcomes were not affected by EB treatments nor parity (P > 0.05). Embryo recovery rate was greater for ewes in the 0.5EB group and in the NULL ewes (P < 0.05). Ovarian biometrics differed between the two evaluation timepoints in all groups (P < 0.05). Plasma estradiol increased over time, reaching a significant greater level in 1.0EB ewes compared to controls on D17 (P < 0.05), whereas progesterone concentrations decreased over time in all groups (P > 0.05). In conclusion, treatments did not affect NSER success but they did affect luteal function by altering P4 and E2 concentrations. Therefore, the NSER technique can be successfully performed in ewes with or without prior treatment with EB.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Dias
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, 36570-000, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - J D Gonçalves
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Via de acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n, 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - A M Arrais
- Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Rodovia BR 465, Km7, s/n, 23890-000, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - J M G Souza-Fabjan
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Vital Brazil Filho, 64, 24230-340, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - R Bastos
- Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego, n° 2000, 28013-642, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - R I T P Batista
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Vital Brazil Filho, 64, 24230-340, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - L G B Siqueira
- Embrapa Gado de Leite, Av. Eugênio do Nascimento, 610, 36038-330, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - M E F Oliveira
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Via de acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n, 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - J F Fonseca
- Embrapa Caprinos e Ovinos, Três Lagoas Farm, Road Sobral -Groaíras, km 04, CP 145, 62010-970, Sobral, CE, Brazil.
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Rocha MS, Maia ALR, Rangel PSC, Oliveira MEF, Fonseca JF, Oliveira CA, Souza-Fabjan JM. Occurrence of premature regression of corpus luteum in MOET programs in Dorper ewes under subtropical climate. Livest Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2021.104808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Fonseca JF, Vergani GB, Lima MSD, Silva KM, Monteiro AWU, Ramos AF, Alves BRC, Souza-Fabjan JMG, Oliveira MEF, Batista RITP. Nonsurgical Embryo Recovery as a Feasible Tool for Supporting Embryo Biobanks of Locally Adapted Brazilian Sheep and Goats. Biopreserv Biobank 2021; 20:493-501. [PMID: 34747654 DOI: 10.1089/bio.2021.0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study assessed the outcomes of nonsurgical embryo recovery (NSER) after superovulation (SOV) in five locally adapted Brazilian breeds of sheep and goats. The objective was to evaluate the feasibility and efficiency of using SOV combined with a less-invasive embryo collection technique for supplying the Brazilian animal gene bank with germplasm from specific genotypes of interest. Morada Nova (n = 20), Santa Inês (n = 20), and Somalis (n = 20) ewes received an intravaginal progesterone (330 mg) device for 9 days, while Canindé (n = 15) and Moxotó (n = 15) goats received an intravaginal medroxyprogesterone acetate (60 mg) device for 6 days. All females received 133 mg of porcine follicle-stimulating hormone (pFSH) administrated in six decreasing doses 12 hours apart, starting 60 hours before device removal, plus 37.5 μg of d-cloprostenol at the fifth and sixth pFSH dose. Donors in estrus were mated with fertile males. The corpora lutea (CL) number was assessed by ultrasonography 1 day before NSER. On day 6.5 or 7 after estrus, NSER was performed following hormonally induced cervical relaxation. A total of 97% of sheep and 90% of goats responded with estrus, and among those, 91% of sheep and 85% of goats presented a CL. In ewes, the numbers of CL were greater (p < 0.05) in the Santa Inês breed, while similar (p > 0.05) CL numbers were found among the goat breeds. All viable embryos were freezable (excellent and good quality) and the number per donor was 7.8 for sheep and 4.9 for goats. All parameters of NSER efficiency, embryo yield, and fertility post-NSER did not differ (p > 0.05) between breeds among each species. The SOV-NSER procedures applied for an embryo biobank supply of locally adapted Brazilian breeds of small ruminants were efficient regarding production of cryopreservable embryos, and preservation of donor fertility. Therefore, SOV followed by NSER is recommended for embryo biobank assembly in sheep and goats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriel B Vergani
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Monalisa S D Lima
- Faculdade de Veterináris, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Bruna R C Alves
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | | | - Maria E F Oliveira
- Embrapa Caprinos e Ovinos, Sobral, Brazil.,Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, Brazil
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Souza-Fabjan JMG, Batista RITP, Melo LM, Oliveira MAL, Chaves MS, Fonseca JF, Freitas VJF. Transcervical Versus Laparotomy Embryo Recovery: What Strategy Is Best for Embryo Bank Formation in the Canindé Goat Conservation Program? Biopreserv Biobank 2021; 20:204-207. [PMID: 34491078 DOI: 10.1089/bio.2021.0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
By allowing for the creation of embryo banks, reproductive biotechnologies play an essential role in the preservation of endangered goat breeds' genetic diversity. This study focused on comparing both available embryo collection methods [laparotomy (LAP) vs. nonsurgical embryo recovery (NSER)] in Canindé goats to create an embryo bank for later use in a breed conservation program. Twelve females were superovulated and subjected to either the LAP or NSER technique for embryo recovery. The recovery rate was similar (p > 0.05) between NSER (86.8% ± 5.6%) and LAP (92.8% ± 4.0%). Moreover, there were no differences (p > 0.05) in the number of structures recovered, the viable embryos, and the freezable embryos per goat, respectively, for NSER (11.7 ± 1.3, 11.2 ± 1.5, and 10.2 ± 1.1) and LAP (10.3 ± 1.0, 8.7 ± 0.7, and 8.0 ± 0.8). Overall, 132 structures were collected out of 151 ovulations (∼12.6 ± 1.2 corpora lutea per goat). Finally, the procedure duration time was also similar (p > 0.05) for NSER versus LAP, respectively: 32.3 ± 3.3 versus 30.8 ± 3.9 minutes. In conclusion, the NSER method results proved to be similar to the LAP technique in small-sized Canindé goats. It was noticeable, however, that the NSER technique is simpler and provides the possibility for successive procedures with few health risks and sequels for females. This study may hopefully boost in vivo embryo production programs in the Canindé breed, facilitating the formation of embryo banks and so assuring the availability of genetic diversity before any decline becomes irreversible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna M G Souza-Fabjan
- Departamento de Patologia e Clínica Veterin´ria, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Ribrio I T P Batista
- Departamento de Patologia e Clínica Veterin´ria, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Luciana M Melo
- Molecular Genetics Research Unit, University Center Fametro, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Marcos A L Oliveira
- Departmento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Maiana S Chaves
- Faculty of Veterinary, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
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Fonseca JF, Zambrini FN, Guimarães JD, Silva MR, Oliveira MEF, Bartlewski PM, Souza-Fabjan JMG. Corrigendum to "Cervical penetration rates and efficiency of non-surgical embryo recovery in estrous-synchronized Santa Inês ewes after administration of estradiol ester (benzoate or cypionate) in combination with d-cloprostenol and oxytocin" [Anim. Reprod. Sci. 203 (2019) 25-32]. Anim Reprod Sci 2021; 232:106815. [PMID: 34312036 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2021.106815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J F Fonseca
- Embrapa Caprinos e Ovinos, Estrada Sobral/Groaíras, Km 4, CP D 10, Cep 62011-000, Sobral, CE, Brazil.
| | - F N Zambrini
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. PH Rolfs s/n, Cep 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - J D Guimarães
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. PH Rolfs s/n, Cep 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - M R Silva
- Embrapa Gado de Leite, Rua Eugênio do Nascimento, 610, Dom Bosco, Cep 36038-330, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - M E F Oliveira
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n, Cep 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - P M Bartlewski
- University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road, N1G 2W1, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - J M G Souza-Fabjan
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Vital Brazil Filho, 64, Cep 24230-340, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
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Souza-Fabjan JMG, Batista RITP, Correia LFL, Paramio MT, Fonseca JF, Freitas VJF, Mermillod P. In vitro production of small ruminant embryos: latest improvements and further research. Reprod Fertil Dev 2021; 33:31-54. [PMID: 38769678 DOI: 10.1071/rd20206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
This review presents the latest advances in and main obstacles to the application of invitro embryo production (IVEP) systems in small ruminants. This biotechnology is an extremely important tool for genetic improvement for livestock and is essential for the establishment of other biotechnologies, such as cloning and transgenesis. At present, the IVEP market is almost non-existent for small ruminants, in contrast with the trends observed in cattle. This is probably related to the lower added value of small ruminants, lower commercial demand and fewer qualified professionals interested in this area. Moreover, there are fewer research groups working on small ruminant IVEP than those working with cattle and pigs. The heterogeneity of oocytes collected from growing follicles in live females or from ovaries collected from abattoirs remains a challenge for IVEP dissemination in goats and sheep. Of note, although the logistics of oocyte collection from live small ruminant females are more complex than in the bovine, in general the IVEP outcomes, in terms of blastocyst production, are similar. We anticipate that after appropriate training and repeatable results, the commercial demand for small ruminant invitro -produced embryos may increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna M G Souza-Fabjan
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Vital Brazil Filho, 64, Niterói-RJ, CEP 24230-340, Brazil; and Corresponding author
| | - Ribrio I T P Batista
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Vital Brazil Filho, 64, Niterói-RJ, CEP 24230-340, Brazil
| | - Lucas F L Correia
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Vital Brazil Filho, 64, Niterói-RJ, CEP 24230-340, Brazil
| | - Maria Teresa Paramio
- Departament de Ciencia Animal i dels Aliments, Facultat de Veterinaria, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Valles, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jeferson F Fonseca
- Embrapa Caprinos e Ovinos, Rodovia MG 133, km 42, Campo Experimental Coronel Pacheco, Coronel Pacheco-MG, CEP 36155-000, Brazil
| | - Vicente J F Freitas
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle da Reprodução, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, CEP 60714-903, Brazil
| | - Pascal Mermillod
- Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), UMR7247, Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France
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Côrtes LR, Souza-Fabjan JMG, Dias DS, Martins BB, Maia ALRS, Veiga MO, Arashiro EKN, Brandão FZ, Oliveira MEF, Bartlewski PM, Fonseca JF. Administration of a single dose of 300 IU of human chorionic gonadotropin seven days after the onset of estrus improves pregnancy rate in dairy goats by an unknown mechanism. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2021; 74:106579. [PMID: 33161234 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2020.106579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the effects of exogenous hCG administration on ovarian function and pregnancy rates in estrous-induced dairy goats during the transition into the breeding season. Eighty-six Toggenburg does received 60 mg of medroxyprogesterone acetate intravaginal sponge for 6 d plus 200 IU of equine chorionic gonadotropin and 30 μg of d-cloprostenol i.m. 24 h before sponge removal, and were then bred for 96 h. Seven days (D7) after first mating the does received either 1 mL of saline (the control group, n = 43) or 300 IU of hCG (the hCG-treated group, n = 43) i.m. Transrectal ovarian ultrasonography (B-mode and color Doppler) was performed on D7, D13, D17, and D21 and ultrasonographic pregnancy detection on D30. Pregnancy rate was higher (P < 0.05) in hCG-treated goats (90.7%; 39/43) than that in control animals (74.4%; 32/43). Accessory luteal structures (ALSs) were detected in 46.5% (20/43) of hCG-treated does. All hCG-treated does that had ALSs and 82.6% of goats without ALS post-treatment remained pregnant. The total luteal area increased (P < 0.05) from D7 to D13 in pregnant animals of both groups, whereas mean vascular area declined (P < 0.05) by D21 in all nonpregnant does. Serum progesterone concentrations increased (P < 0.05) on D21 in pregnant goats of both groups, but they were related to changes in luteal tissue content only in control does throughout the present study. Mean daily numbers of small- and medium-sized antral follicles decreased (P < 0.05) only in pregnant animals of both groups with a decline in medium follicle numbers occurring earlier in hCG-treated (D13) compared with control does (D17). To summarize, a single dose of hCG given on D7 after estrus was followed by a decrease in the number of medium-sized antral follicles in gestating hCG-treated does, induced the formation of ALSs in ~47% of all hCG-treated does, and significantly increased the pregnancy rate in estrous-induced Toggenburg goats in the transition to the breeding season.
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Affiliation(s)
- L R Côrtes
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Vital Brasil Filho, 64, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - J M G Souza-Fabjan
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Vital Brasil Filho, 64, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - D S Dias
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade do Grande Rio, Rua Professor José de Souza Herdy, 1160 Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - B B Martins
- Universidade Presidente Antônio Carlos, Av. Juiz de Fora, 1100 Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - A L R S Maia
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Vital Brasil Filho, 64, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - M O Veiga
- Embrapa Caprinos e Ovinos, Rodovia MG 133, km 42, Coronel Pacheco, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - E K N Arashiro
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Vital Brasil Filho, 64, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - F Z Brandão
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Vital Brasil Filho, 64, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - M E F Oliveira
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Reproduction, São Paulo State University, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castelane, s/n, Zona Rural, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - P M Bartlewski
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - J F Fonseca
- Embrapa Caprinos e Ovinos, Rodovia MG 133, km 42, Coronel Pacheco, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Morais MCC, Esteves LV, Souza-Fabjan JM, Oliveira MEF, Silva MR, Brandão FZ, Fonseca JF. Factors affecting pregnancy rates for goat embryos recovered and transferred by transcervical route. Small Rumin Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2020.106215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Maia ALRS, Arrais AM, Prellwitz L, Batista RITP, Figueira LM, Correia LFL, Fonseca JF, Souza-Fabjan JMG. Embryo development is impaired in goats that are treated for hydrometra and subsequently subjected to superovulation. Vet Rec 2020; 187:e88. [PMID: 32839201 DOI: 10.1136/vr.105906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reproductive efficiency after hydrometra (HD) treatment is usually unsatisfactory. METHODS To identify mechanisms involved in low reproductive efficiency of HD-treated goats, pluriparous dairy goats treated for HD (n=10, HD) or with no reproductive disorders (n=11, control: CONT) were induced to oestrus and superovulated. Goats were mated with fertile bucks and seven days after oestrus, non-surgical embryo recovery was performed. Embryos were evaluated and gene expression was performed. RESULTS There were no differences (P>0.05) in sexual behaviour parameters, superovulation response, mean number of retrieved structures and viable embryos between groups; although embryo recovery rate was higher (P=0.01) in CONT group. Structures in delayed stage (8-16 cells) were more frequent (P<0.05) in HD (29 vs 1 per cent) goats, as well as the percentage of advanced embryos was greater (P<0.05) for CONT (59.3 vs 33.3 per cent) goats. However, the expression of genes related to apoptosis (BAX and Bcl-2), trophectoderm differentiation (CDX2) and pluripotency maintenance (NANOG) was not affected (P>0.05) in embryos that reached the morulae and blastocyst stages. CONCLUSION Although the HD embryos that developed to morula and blastocyst stages showed no change in the expression of genes related to their quality and implantation capacity, overall, embryo development was impaired in HD-treated goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lucia R S Maia
- Departamento de Patologia e Clínica Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Aline M Arrais
- Departamento de Reprodução e Avaliação Animal, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lucia Prellwitz
- Departamento de Patologia e Clínica Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ribrio I T P Batista
- Departamento de Patologia e Clínica Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lucas M Figueira
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lucas F L Correia
- Departamento de Patologia e Clínica Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Joanna M G Souza-Fabjan
- Departamento de Patologia e Clínica Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Bragança GM, Souza-Fabjan JMG, Ribeiro LS, Brair VL, Côrtes LR, Souza CV, Batista RITP, Fonseca JF, Menchaca A, Brandão FZ. Exogenous progestogen does not affect first-wave follicle populations and oocyte quality during ovarian stimulation with FSH in sheep. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2020; 72:106369. [PMID: 31445776 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The effect of short-term administration of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) or natural progesterone (P4) during ovarian stimulation with FSH on oocyte recovery was investigated in Santa Inês ewes. Ewes were treated with an intravaginal sponge containing MPA for 6 d; GnRH was applied 36 h after sponge removal and FSH was given in 3 injections (40, 24, and 16 mg, respectively) every 12 h after (D0, approximate ovulation time). At the first FSH dose, the ewes received either a new MPA sponge (n = 10) or a controlled device for internal release impregnated with P4 (n = 10) or did not receive any device (n = 10). Ovarian dynamics were assessed every 12 h by transrectal ultrasonography from D-3 to D2. Oocytes were recovered by laparoscopic ovum pick-up (LOPU) on D2 and graded by morphologic quality. The number of small, medium, and large follicles at D0 and D2 (ultrasound examinations), number of both follicles aspirated and oocytes recovered at LOPU, recovery rate, and oocyte grade did not differ (P > 0.05) among treatments. Thus, the short-term use of MPA or P4 during ovarian stimulation did not affect the first-wave follicle population or morphologic quality of oocytes. We would suggest that, in this protocol, the use of exogenous progestin is unnecessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Bragança
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Vital Brazil, 64, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro CEP 24320-340, Brazil.
| | - J M G Souza-Fabjan
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Vital Brazil, 64, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro CEP 24320-340, Brazil
| | - L S Ribeiro
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Vital Brazil, 64, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro CEP 24320-340, Brazil
| | - V L Brair
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Vital Brazil, 64, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro CEP 24320-340, Brazil
| | - L R Côrtes
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Vital Brazil, 64, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro CEP 24320-340, Brazil
| | - C V Souza
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Vital Brazil, 64, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro CEP 24320-340, Brazil
| | - R I T P Batista
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Vital Brazil, 64, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro CEP 24320-340, Brazil
| | - J F Fonseca
- Embrapa Caprinos e Ovinos, Estrada Sobral/Groaíras, km 04, CP 145, Sobral, Ceará CEP 62010-970, Brazil
| | - A Menchaca
- Fundacion IRAUy, Cno. Cruz del Sur, 2250 CP, Montevideo 12200, Uruguay
| | - F Z Brandão
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Vital Brazil, 64, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro CEP 24320-340, Brazil
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13
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Brair VL, Maia ALRS, Correia LFL, Barbosa NO, Santos JDR, Brandão FZ, Fonseca JF, Batista RITP, Souza-Fabjan JMG. Gene expression patterns of in vivo-derived sheep blastocysts is more affected by vitrification than slow freezing technique. Cryobiology 2020; 95:110-115. [PMID: 32554154 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2020.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Transfer of fresh sheep embryos frequently results in higher pregnancy rate compared to cryopreserved ones, possibly due to a failure in the communication between the cryopreserved embryo and the endometrium during pre-implantation and pregnancy establishment. Thus, this study assessed the effect of sheep embryo cryopreservation (slow freezing or vitrification) on embryo survival rate and expression of genes related to trophectoderm differentiation (CDX2), pluripotency maintenance (NANOG), cell proliferation (TGFB1), mitochondrial activity (NRF1) and apoptosis (BAX and BCL2). Superovulation (n = 32 ewes) was performed and embryos were transcervically collected. One hundred good quality (Grade I and II) embryos were allocated into three groups: fresh embryos (CTL; n = 15), slow freezing (SF; n = 42) or vitrification (VT; n = 43). After thawing/warming, three pools of five blastocysts per group were used for RT-qPCR; the remaining 55 embryos were cultured in vitro in SOFaa medium at 38.5 °C and 5% CO2 (SF: n = 27 and VT: n = 28). Survival rate of SF and VT were, respectively, 29.6% (8/27) and 14.2% (4/28) at 24 h; and 48.1% (13/27) and 32.1% (9/28) at 48 h (P > 0.05). Only CDX2 was affected (up-regulated, P < 0.05) in both groups compared to CTL. The BAX transcript was upregulated in VT, compared to SF group. The VT increased (P < 0.05) the expression of all genes, except for NANOG and NRF1, when compared to the CTL. In conclusion, although in vitro survival was similar between techniques, VT led to increased changes in blastocyst gene expression compared to CTL and SF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane L Brair
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Av. Vital Brasil Filho, 64, CEP 24230-340, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Ana Lucia R S Maia
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Av. Vital Brasil Filho, 64, CEP 24230-340, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Lucas Francisco L Correia
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Av. Vital Brasil Filho, 64, CEP 24230-340, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Nathalia O Barbosa
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Av. Vital Brasil Filho, 64, CEP 24230-340, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Juliana D R Santos
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Av. Vital Brasil Filho, 64, CEP 24230-340, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Felipe Z Brandão
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Av. Vital Brasil Filho, 64, CEP 24230-340, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jeferson F Fonseca
- Embrapa Caprinos e Ovinos, Núcleo Regional Sudeste, Rodovia MG 133, Km 42, CEP 36155-000, Coronel Pacheco, MG, Brazil
| | - Ribrio Ivan T P Batista
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Av. Vital Brasil Filho, 64, CEP 24230-340, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Joanna M G Souza-Fabjan
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Av. Vital Brasil Filho, 64, CEP 24230-340, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
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14
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Oliveira MEF, Zambrini FN, Souza-Fabjan JMG, Bartlewski PM, Guimarães JD, Brandão FZ, Fonseca JF. Repeated trans-cervical embryo recoveries in Santa inês ewes subjected to short- or long-term superovulatory treatment regimens. Anim Reprod Sci 2020; 217:106469. [PMID: 32408969 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2020.106469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Outcomes of short- (6.5 days) and long-term (14.5 days) estrous synchronization for 6.5 d (G-6.5d) or 14.5 d (G-14.5d) and followed by the 4-day or 3-day declining-dose follicle-stimulating hormone superovulatory regimen, respectively, were compared using 16 estrous-cycling Santa Inês ewes. Non-surgical embryo recovery (NSER) procedures were performed 60 d apart starting 6 or 7 d after the onset of estrus; an i.m. injection of estradiol benzoate and of d-cloprostenol at 16 h was followed by an i.v. oxytocin injection administered 20 min before NSER. There was a longer (P < 0.05) period before estrous onset in ewes during the second (September) compared with the first study replicate (July) by approximately 14 h. The NSER could be performed in 11 of 15 ewes that were in estrus, with an average of three viable-embryos/donor and the mean duration of the procedure being 29 min. There were no differences in superovulatory responses between the two groups of ewes, but there were only degenerated embryos in ewes of the G-6.5d group. In summary: i. the duration of progestin-priming and of multiple-dose pFSH treatment had a limited effect on superovulatory responses in estrous-cycling Santa Inês ewes; ii. NSER is a safe and repeatable method of embryo collection in ewes subsequent to superovulation; and iii. duration of the superovulatory treatment regimen may alter the effects of endogenous steroids on oocyte/embryo quality in ewes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E F Oliveira
- Department of Phatobiology and Veterinary Theriogenology, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University, Via De Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, CEP 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil; Embrapa Goats and Sheep Research Center, Estrada Sobral/Groaíras, Km 04, CP 145, CEP 62010-970, Sobral, CE, Brazil.
| | - F N Zambrini
- Department of Animal Science, Viçosa Federal University, Av. P.H. Rolfs, s/n, CEP 36571-000, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - J M G Souza-Fabjan
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Av. Vital Brasil Filho, 64, CEP 24230-340, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - P M Bartlewski
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - J D Guimarães
- Department of Animal Science, Viçosa Federal University, Av. P.H. Rolfs, s/n, CEP 36571-000, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - F Z Brandão
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Av. Vital Brasil Filho, 64, CEP 24230-340, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - J F Fonseca
- Embrapa Goats and Sheep Research Center, Estrada Sobral/Groaíras, Km 04, CP 145, CEP 62010-970, Sobral, CE, Brazil
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15
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Bonato GC, Maia ALRS, Côrtes LR, Oliveira TA, Arrais AM, Figueira LM, Oliveira MEF, Souza-Fabjan JMG, Fonseca JF. Effects of d-cloprostenol administrations with 7.5 and 11.5-day intervals between administrations on pregnancy rates after artificial insemination in estrous cyclic dairy goats. Anim Reprod Sci 2019; 209:106172. [PMID: 31514929 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2019.106172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate effects of two administrations of d-cloprostenol at different intervals to synchronize the time of estrus and ovulation among estrous cyclic goats. In Experiment 1, 32 does were treated with 30 μg d-cloprostenol at 7.5 (T7.5, n = 16) or 11.5-day (T11.5, n = 16) intervals. In Experiment 2, the same treatments were administered and there was AI of the does (T7.5, n = 40 and T11.5, n = 38). In Experiment 1, ultrasonic assessments of ovaries were conducted at the time of the second administration of d-cloprostenol, every 12 h until detection of ovulation, and 7 days after estrous onset to detect the corpora lutea, as well as for pregnancy diagnosis 40 days after AI. In Experiment 1, the estrous response (90.6%, 29/32) was similar (P > 0.05) in both groups. Diameter of the largest follicle at the time of administration of the second dose was larger (P = 0.01) in the T7.5 than T11.5 group (7.0 compared with 5.7 mm), while the values for ovarian variables were similar (P > 0.05). In Experiment 2, the greatest (P < 0.001) synchrony in timing of initiation of estrus in does (T7.5 = 83.3% and T11.5 = 50.0%) occurred after the second day (36-48 h). The pregnancy rate tended (P = 0.0836) to be greater for does in the T7.5 (71.4%, 40/56) than T11.5 (55.6%, 30/54) group. With use of both protocols, there were acceptable estrous synchronization and pregnancy rates in estrous cyclic dairy goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- G C Bonato
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, CEP 36570-000, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - A L R S Maia
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Av. Vital Brazil Filho, 64, CEP 24230-340, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - L R Côrtes
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Av. Vital Brazil Filho, 64, CEP 24230-340, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - T A Oliveira
- Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Presidente Antônio Carlos, Av. Juiz de Fora, 1100, 36047-362, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - A M Arrais
- Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Rodovia BR 465, Km 07 Zona Rural, CEP 23890-000, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - L M Figueira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Av. Doutor Sylvio Menicucci, 1001, CEP 37200-000, Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - M E F Oliveira
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Via de acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n, CEP 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - J M G Souza-Fabjan
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Av. Vital Brazil Filho, 64, CEP 24230-340, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - J F Fonseca
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, CEP 36570-000, Viçosa, MG, Brazil; Embrapa Caprinos e Ovinos, Estrada Sobral/Groaíras, km 04, CP 145, CEP 62010-970, Sobral, CE, Brazil.
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16
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Fonseca JF, Alvim LB, Nunes ÁC, Oliveira FMS, Amaral RS, Caliari MV, Nicoli JR, Neumann E, Gomes MA. Probiotic effect of Bifidobacterium longum 5 1A and Weissella paramesenteroides WpK4 on gerbils infected with Giardia lamblia. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 127:1184-1191. [PMID: 31155822 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The objective of this study was to assess the probiotic potential of genuine strains of Bifidobacterium longum 51A and Weissella paramesenteroides WpK4, in experimental giardiasis. METHODS AND RESULTS The bacteria were administered orally to gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) 10 days before oral infection with trophozoites of Giardia lamblia. After 7 days of infection, the animals were euthanized and portions of the duodenum were processed for histopathologic, histochemical and morphometric assessment. The height of the intestinal crypts and crypt/villi ratio were higher in infected groups (P < 0·05) than in noninfected groups. The area of mucus production was higher (P < 0·05) in infected animals pretreated with B. longum 51A than in other groups. The parasitic load of the animals that received both bacteria decreased significantly (P < 0·05) compared to the ones of the control group. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest a probiotic function of B. longum 51A and W. paramesenteroides WpK4 and may result in their use as a prophylactic and therapeutic alternative for promoting human and animal health. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Bifidobacterium longum 51A and W. paramesenteroides WpK4 may constitute prophylactic alternatives, reversing the emergence of side effects and resistance observed in the conventional treatment of giardiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Fonseca
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - L B Alvim
- Department of General Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Á C Nunes
- Department of General Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - F M S Oliveira
- Department of General Pathology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - R S Amaral
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - M V Caliari
- Department of General Pathology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - J R Nicoli
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - E Neumann
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - M A Gomes
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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17
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Siqueira LG, Arashiro EK, Ghetti AM, Souza ED, Feres LF, Pfeifer LF, Fonseca JF, Viana JH. Vascular and morphological features of the corpus luteum 12 to 20 days after timed artificial insemination in dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:5612-5622. [PMID: 30954257 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Our objective was to retrospectively compare pregnant versus nonpregnant cattle in terms of vascular and morphometric changes in corpora lutea between d 12 and 20 following timed artificial insemination (TAI). Crossbred (Gir × Holstein) lactating dairy cows (n = 136) and heifers (n = 111) were bred after synchronizing ovulations using an estradiol plus progesterone (P4)-based protocol. Corpus luteum (CL) characteristics (area, echotexture, blood flow) were recorded at 48-h intervals from d 12 to 20 following TAI using an ultrasound equipped with color Doppler. Blood samples were collected to determine CL function (plasma P4). Pregnancy diagnosis was performed at d 30. Quantitative assessment of colored pixels within the CL was performed using ImageJ software (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD) and echotexture was quantified using custom software. Continuous variables such as luteal tissue area (LTA), CL blood flow (CLBF), adjusted CLBF (ratio LTA:CLBF), mean pixel value (MPV), pixel heterogeneity (HETER), and plasma P4 were analyzed retrospectively as repeated measures (d 12 to 20) in pregnant versus nonpregnant females using PROC MIXED (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). Main effects were pregnancy status, day of cycle, and their interaction. Further analyses used only data from d 16, because this was the earliest time point of deviation between CLBF of pregnant and nonpregnant animals. We created quartiles for each variable and calculated the risk of pregnancy within quartile. Differences were determined using the chi-squared test. Plasma P4 was significantly higher in prospective pregnant versus nonpregnant cattle on d 18 and 20, whereas LTA differed only on d 20. On d 16, CLBF and adjusted CLBF diverged between pregnant and nonpregnant, followed by a progressive reduction in the latter until d 20. Mean pixel value was not affected by pregnancy status, but HETER was lower on d 20 in pregnant than in nonpregnant cattle. Likelihood of pregnancy increased from quartile (Q)1 (lowest values) to Q4 (highest) of CLBF (Q4 vs. Q1, odds ratio = 32.8, 95% confidence interval: 9.6 to 112.1) and adjusted CLBF [Q4 vs. Q1, odds ratio = 25.4, 95% confidence interval: 8.1 to 80.4), whereas a lower risk of pregnancy was observed only for animals within Q1 of plasma P4 [Q4 vs. Q1, odds ratio = 3.1, 95% confidence interval: 1.3 to 7.2). Day 16 quartiles of LTA, MPV, and HETER did not affect odds of pregnancy. In conclusion, we identified distinct CLBF patterns as early as 16 d after TAI and confirmed that CL function is lost by a reduction in blood flow, which precedes physical regression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Eliza D Souza
- Embrapa Gado de Leite, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil 36038-330
| | - Luiz F Feres
- Universidade Jose do Rosario Vellano, Alfenas, MG, Brazil 37130-000
| | | | | | - João H Viana
- Universidade Jose do Rosario Vellano, Alfenas, MG, Brazil 37130-000; Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília, DF, Brazil 70770-917.
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18
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Fonseca JF, Oliveira MEF, Brandão FZ, Batista RITP, Garcia AR, Bartlewski PM, Souza-Fabjan JMG. Non-surgical embryo transfer in goats and sheep: the Brazilian experience. Reprod Fertil Dev 2019; 31:17-26. [DOI: 10.1071/rd18324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Brazil has presented tremendous progress in non-surgical embryo transfer (NSET) in sheep and goats. New instruments and techniques for non-surgical embryo recovery (NSER) and NSET in small ruminants were implemented. Recent improvements include refinement of the protocols for cervical relaxation combining oestradiol–oxytocin–cloprostenol treatment at specific times before NSER in sheep; recipient goats do not require any hormonal drugs to induce cervical dilation and direct embryo transfer by the cervical route yields excellent results. Transrectal ovarian ultrasonography (B-mode but especially colour Doppler) have proven to be accurate methods to localise and enumerate corpora lutea and luteinised unovulated follicles in recipient and donor does and ewes. An array of new criteria for selecting superior animals for NSER and NSET (e.g. cervical mapping) have been developed by Brazilian researchers. Extensive studies on both technologies were initially conducted in commercial breeds of goats and sheep but have been gradually extended to some native breeds of sheep (germplasm conservation) and dairy goat operations. It is speculated that, in future, NSER and NSET may become methods of choice for caprine and ovine embryo recovery and transfer in Brazil, and then globally. Due primarily to the efficiency of NSET in goats, a novel interspecies (e.g. bovine) IVP method may soon be developed on a large scale. The Brazilian experience is an invaluable source of information and know-how promoting the replacement of conventional surgical assisted reproductive technologies with non-surgical procedures and hence supporting the rapid development of the embryo transfer industry in small ruminants.
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19
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Oliveira MEF, Ribeiro IF, Rodriguez MGK, Maciel GS, Fonseca JF, Brandão FZ, Bartlewski PM. Assessing the usefulness of B-mode and colour Doppler sonography, and measurements of circulating progesterone concentrations for determining ovarian responses in superovulated ewes. Reprod Domest Anim 2018; 53:742-750. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.13165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- MEF Oliveira
- Department of Preventative Veterinary Medicine and Animal Reproduction; School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences; São Paulo State University; Jaboticabal Brazil
| | - IF Ribeiro
- Department of Preventative Veterinary Medicine and Animal Reproduction; School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences; São Paulo State University; Jaboticabal Brazil
| | - MGK Rodriguez
- Department of Preventative Veterinary Medicine and Animal Reproduction; School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences; São Paulo State University; Jaboticabal Brazil
| | - GS Maciel
- Department of Preventative Veterinary Medicine and Animal Reproduction; School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences; São Paulo State University; Jaboticabal Brazil
| | - JF Fonseca
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation-Embrapa Goats and Sheep; Coronel Pacheco Brazil
| | - FZ Brandão
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Fluminense Federal University; Niterói Brazil
| | - PM Bartlewski
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; Ontario Veterinary College; University of Guelph; Guelph ON Canada
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20
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Maia ALRS, Brandão FZ, Souza-Fabjan JMG, Veiga MO, Balaro MFA, Facó O, Fonseca JF. Transrectal ultrasound evaluation in tropical dairy goats: an indispensable tool for the diagnosis of reproductive disorders. Trop Anim Health Prod 2017; 50:787-792. [PMID: 29264820 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-017-1496-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In Brazil, great milk productivity was achieved after the implementation of a genetic improvement program. However, reproductive efficiency is still far from optimal, possibly due to the high number of undiagnosed disorders that may affect fertility. The aim of this study was to evaluate occurrences of the main reproductive disorders in dairy goats in southeastern Brazil. Data were collected between January 2015 and May 2017 from 23 commercial herds of different breeds, with goats ranging from 8 months to 12 years of age. Transrectal ultrasound exams were performed in 2680 goats. A total of 14.8% of the does showed a disorder in the reproductive tract: hydrometra (10.0%), ovarian follicular cysts (2.3%), gestational loss (1.5%), and hydrosalpinx (1.1%). This was the first study evaluating reproductive disorders in live animals that used a high number of Brazilian dairy goats. Considering that all these diseases affect fertility to different degrees, the performance of transrectal ultrasonography exams twice a year is strongly suggested, in order to guide precocious treatment or discard the animal as soon as possible, thus reducing economic losses in dairy goat farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L R S Maia
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Av. Vital Brazil Filho, 64, Niterói, RJ, CEP 24230-340, Brazil.
| | - F Z Brandão
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Av. Vital Brazil Filho, 64, Niterói, RJ, CEP 24230-340, Brazil
| | - J M G Souza-Fabjan
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Av. Vital Brazil Filho, 64, Niterói, RJ, CEP 24230-340, Brazil
| | - M O Veiga
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Av. Doutor Sylvio Menicucci, 1001, Lavras, MG, CEP 37200-000, Brazil
| | - M F A Balaro
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Av. Vital Brazil Filho, 64, Niterói, RJ, CEP 24230-340, Brazil
| | - O Facó
- Embrapa Caprinos e Ovinos, Estrada Sobral/Groaíras, km 04, CP 145, Sobral, CE, CEP 62010-970, Brazil
| | - J F Fonseca
- Embrapa Caprinos e Ovinos, Estrada Sobral/Groaíras, km 04, CP 145, Sobral, CE, CEP 62010-970, Brazil
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Fonseca JF, Souza-Fabjan JM, Oliveira MEF, Cruz RC, Esteves LV, Matos de Paiva MPS, Brandão FZ, Mancio AB. Evaluation of cervical mucus and reproductive efficiency of seasonally anovular dairy goats after short-term progestagen-based estrous induction protocols with different gonadotropins. Reprod Biol 2017; 17:363-369. [DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Balaro MFA, Santos AS, Moura LFGM, Fonseca JF, Brandão FZ. Luteal dynamic and functionality assessment in dairy goats by luteal blood flow, luteal biometry, and hormonal assay. Theriogenology 2017; 95:118-126. [PMID: 28460665 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the luteal dynamics of pregnant and non-pregnant Saanen goats throughout an estrous cycle by B-mode and color Doppler ultrasonography (US) associated with a P4 hormonal assay. Furthermore, a cutoff point was chosen to determine the corpus luteum (CL) functionality by luteal biometry (LB) measurement and luteal blood flow (LBF) assessment. Ultrasound assessment was carried out daily throughout an entire estrous cycle (21 days) in 23 Saanen goats pre-synchronized and inseminated in the breeding season. The plasmatic P4 concentration was determined daily by radioimmunoassay. LB parameters (diameter, area, and volume) were measured using the maximum area of a cross-section of the CL. LBF assessment was performed subjectively by percentage of area of colored pixels and objectively by calculating the number of the colored pixels. Eventually, 45.0% (9/20) and 55.0% (11/20) of goats became pregnant and or remained non-pregnant, respectively. The LB and LBF demonstrated value stabilization on the 9th day of the estrous cycle and maximum values on the 12th and 13th days of the estrous cycle, respectively. LB presented a progressive decrease in the luteal regression phase, whereas the LBF decreased abruptly in association with P4. The LBF values were more reliable in predicting the luteal functionality when compared to the LB data. The number of colored pixels accurately predicted values of P4 >1.0 ng/mL, reaching only 17% of the maximum values, and 1200 colored pixels as a minimum cutoff point when compared to the use of 53% of the maximum values and a minimum luteal diameter of 9.0 mm as cutoff point for P4 >1.0 ng/mL. The LBF assessment was more informative about the CL functionality throughout the complete luteal phase when compared to the LB. The use of the number of colored pixels is indicated for research regarding luteal functionality due to their greater correlation with P4 values. In addition, the luteal subjective evaluation can be used under field conditions due to greater convenience and similar pattern of correlation with P4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Felipe A Balaro
- Departamento de Patologia e Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Vital Brasil Filho, 64, 24320-340, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Alex S Santos
- Departamento de Patologia e Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Vital Brasil Filho, 64, 24320-340, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando G M Moura
- Departamento de Patologia e Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Vital Brasil Filho, 64, 24320-340, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jeferson F Fonseca
- Embrapa Goats and Sheep, Rodovia MG 133, km 42, CEP 36155-000, Coronel Pacheco, MG, Brazil
| | - Felipe Z Brandão
- Departamento de Patologia e Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Vital Brasil Filho, 64, 24320-340, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
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Fonseca JF, Souza-Fabjan JMG, Oliveira MEF, Leite CR, Nascimento-Penido PMP, Brandão FZ, Lehloenya KC. Nonsurgical embryo recovery and transfer in sheep and goats. Theriogenology 2016; 86:144-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Balaro M, Brandão FZ, Maia A, Souza-Fabjan J, Cueto MI, Gibbons AE, Fonseca JF. Pre-Selection Test to Identify High Responder Donor Goats. Reprod Domest Anim 2016; 51:386-91. [PMID: 27037619 DOI: 10.1111/rda.12690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the feasibility of pre-selection of high or low responder does prior to the superovulatory protocols. Twenty Saanen does received 800 IU of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) at the end of long-term progestogen treatment. Fourteen days later, a second progestogen protocol associated with a multiple-dose follicle stimulation hormone (FSH) treatment (5 IU/kg of FSH, in six decreasing doses between days 4 to 6 of the protocol) was administered. Transrectal ultrasound was used to assess the follicular status at the beginning of superovulatory treatments, at the oestrous onset and on the seventh day of the oestrous cycle for counting corpora lutea (CL). A significant lower number of CL was obtained in eCG-treated in comparision with FSH-treated does (p < 0.05). A quartic regression was able to explain the relationship between the number of CL in response to both treatments (r(2) =0.50; p < 0.05). Seventy per cent (14 of 20) of does maintained the same ovulatory response (high or low) after treatments. The Kappa (κ = 0.40; p < 0.05) and Spearman (rs = 0.39; p = 0.08) coefficients were able to show a relationship between treatments. Regarding the follicular status, there is a significant relationship between the number of small follicles (r = 0.71; r(2) =0.47; p < 0.01) and total follicles (r = 0.60; p < 0.01) at eCG and first FSH dose with the number of CL. Moreover, it was found a negative relationship between the presence of large follicles and the number of CL in response to eCG treatment (r = -0.44; p < 0.05), but not from FSH (p > 0.05). In conclusion, the screening test with eCG has the potential to identify Saanen does that will better respond to the superovulatory protocol with FSH. In addition, it highlighted the importance of an ultrasound evaluation prior to the beginning of superovulatory treatments with FSH to characterize the follicular status and identify the potential donors of high ovulatory response in MOET programmes in goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mfa Balaro
- Departamento de Patologia e Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - F Z Brandão
- Departamento de Patologia e Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Alrs Maia
- Departamento de Patologia e Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jmg Souza-Fabjan
- Departamento de Patologia e Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - M I Cueto
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria, Bariloche, Argentina
| | - A E Gibbons
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria, Bariloche, Argentina
| | - J F Fonseca
- Embrapa Goats and Sheep, Coronel Pacheco, MG, Brazil
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Balaro MFA, Fonseca JF, Barbosa TGB, Souza-Fabjan JMG, Figueira LM, Teixeira TA, Carvalheira LR, Brandão FZ. Potential role for GnRH in the synchronization of follicular emergence before the superovulatory Day 0 protocol. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2016; 54:10-4. [PMID: 26343000 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The ability of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) to synchronize ovulation and new follicular wave emergence before a "superovulatory Day 0" protocol was assessed in Santa Inês ewes. For estrus synchronization, a 60-mg medroxyprogesterone acetate sponge was inserted for 6 d. One day before sponge removal, 37.5-μg d-cloprostenol and 300 IU equine chorionic gonadotropin were injected intramuscularly (i.m.). After sponge removal, ewes were assigned to the following 3 groups: (1) GC-1 mL saline at 12 h (n = 10); (2) G24h-0.025-mg lecirelin (GnRH agonist) i.m. at 24 h (n = 10); or (3) G36h-0.025-mg lecirelin i.m. at 36 h (n = 9). Ovarian ultrasonography was conducted to assess follicular dynamics. Blood was collected to determine plasma concentrations of progesterone and estradiol. Females from G36h and GC had a greater (P < 0.05) estrous response than those from the G24h group (78.0 and 90.0 vs 0.0%, respectively). Ewes from G24h and G36h had earlier (P < 0.05) ovulation (48.0 ± 10.2 and 56.7 ± 5.7 h) compared with those from Gc (64.1 ± 9.7 h). The mean number of ovulations per ewe was greater (P < 0.05) in Gc (1.9 ± 0.6) and G36h (2.0 ± 1.0) than G24h (1.2 ± 0.4). Plasma concentrations of progesterone and estradiol differed over time. Follicular growth during the postovulatory day was affected (P < 0.05) by day of the estrus cycle as well as by the interaction (P < 0.05) of treatment and day of the estrus cycle. There was a larger (P < 0.05) population of medium follicles during the first 24 h after the ovulation in G24h compared with Gc, and there was an absence of large follicles in G36h between 36 and 72 h after ovulation. In conclusion, the use of GnRH agonist at 36 h more efficiently synchronized ovulation and promoted the absence of dominant follicles during early diestrus and may be used at the start of superovulatory treatment at 80 h in Santa Inês ewes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F A Balaro
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Clinic, Veterinary School, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ 24320-340, Brazil.
| | - J F Fonseca
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation on Goats and Sheep, Coronel Pacheco, MG 36155-000, Brazil
| | - T G B Barbosa
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Clinic, Veterinary School, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ 24320-340, Brazil
| | - J M G Souza-Fabjan
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Clinic, Veterinary School, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ 24320-340, Brazil
| | - L M Figueira
- Department of Animal Science, Veterinary School, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ 24320-340, Brazil
| | - T A Teixeira
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Clinic, Veterinary School, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ 24320-340, Brazil
| | - L R Carvalheira
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Clinic, Veterinary School, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ 24320-340, Brazil
| | - F Z Brandão
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Clinic, Veterinary School, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ 24320-340, Brazil
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Figueira LM, Fonseca JF, Arashiro EKN, Souza-Fabjan JMG, Ribeiro ACS, Oba E, Viana JHM, Brandão FZ. Colour Doppler Ultrasonography as a Tool to Assess Luteal Function in Santa Inês Ewes. Reprod Domest Anim 2015; 50:643-50. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- LM Figueira
- Universidade Federal Fluminense; Niterói RJ Brazil
| | - JF Fonseca
- Embrapa Caprinos e Ovinos; Sobral CE Brazil
| | | | | | - ACS Ribeiro
- Universidade Federal Fluminense; Niterói RJ Brazil
| | - E Oba
- Universidade Estadual Paulista; Botucatu SP Brazil
| | - JHM Viana
- Embrapa Gado de Leite; Juiz de Fora MG Brazil
| | - FZ Brandão
- Universidade Federal Fluminense; Niterói RJ Brazil
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Fonseca JF, Torres CAA, Santos ADF, Maffili VV, Amorim LS, Moraes EA. Progesterone and behavioral features when estrous is induced in Alpine goats. Anim Reprod Sci 2008; 103:366-73. [PMID: 17611052 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2007.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2007] [Accepted: 05/14/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the endocrine and behavioral features of estrous-induced Alpine goats. A total of 36 nulliparous, 40 non-lactating and 42 lactating does were treated with intravaginal 60 mg medroxyprogesterone acetate sponges for 9 d plus 200 IU eCG and 22.5 microg d-cloprostenol 24 h before sponge removal. Plasma progesterone concentration was analyzed from blood sampled on days 0 (sponge insertion), 5, 8 (cloprostenol administration) and 9 (sponge removal) in 11 nulliparous, 13 non-lactating and 11 lactating does. Estrous response did not differ (P>0.05) among nulliparous (97.2%), non-lactating (90.00%) and lactating does (85.7%). Interval to estrus and duration of estrus did not differ (P>0.05) among nulliparous (22.8+/-9.9 and 25.6+/-6.8h), non-lactating (23.7+/-15.8 and 25.0+/-6.0 h) and lactating does (22.2+/-10.4 and 24.9+/-4.2h). The accumulative percentage of does in estrus during the first 36 h after sponge removal was 88.1%. The correlation between interval to estrus and duration of estrus was r=-0.32 (P<0.001). Endogenous progesterone production is decreased until day 8 or suppressed by MAP on day 9. Conception rate was greater (P<0.01) in lactating (77.8%) than non-lactating (44.4%) but similar (P>0.05) to nulliparous (60.0%) goats. Estrus can be efficiently induced by means of hormonal treatment in goats and acceptable fertility can be obtained regardless of animal category.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Fonseca
- Embrapa Caprinos, CP D10, CEP 62011-970, Sobral, Ceará, Brazil.
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Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of hCG administration 5 days after breeding on plasma progesterone (P4) concentration and reproductive performance of oestrous-induced nulliparous dairy goats. A total of 59 nulliparous goats (36 Alpine and 23 Saanen) received intravaginal sponges with 60 mg medroxyprogesterone acetate for 9 days plus 200 IU equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG) and 22.5 microg d-cloprostenol 24 h before sponge removal. After detection of oestrus (day of oestrus = day 0) and breeding, 49 females were randomly assigned, according to the breed, into two treatments (T1 and T2). In T1 (n = 25) and T2 (n = 24), animals received intramuscular injection of 1 ml of saline solution (control) or 250 IU hCG, respectively, 5 days after breeding. Plasma P4 concentration (ng/ml) was determined from blood sampled on days 0, 5, 7, 13, 17, 21, 28 and 45 after breeding. Animals were scanned by transrectal ultrasound (5 MHz probe) on days 35 and 70 after breeding for detection of pregnancy. Plasma P4 concentration did not differ (p > 0.05) between treatments in all days, but it was increased (p < 0.05) in Saanen than in Alpine goats from days 13 to 45. Pregnancy and parturition rates, litter size and gestation period were similar (p > 0.05) to treatments and breeds. Results of this study indicate that human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) administration 5 days after breeding did not significantly alter reproductive performance in dairy nulliparous goats and that plasma P4 differed between Saanen and Alpine goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Fonseca
- Embrapa Caprinos, Laboratório de Reprodução Animal, Campo Experimental Coronel Pacheco, Rodovia MG 133, km 42, CEP 36.155-000 Coronel Pacheco-MG, Sobral, Brazil.
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Fonseca JF, Bruschi JH, Santos ICC, Viana JHM, Magalhães ACM. Induction of estrus in non-lactating dairy goats with different estrous synchrony protocols. Anim Reprod Sci 2005; 85:117-24. [PMID: 15556314 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2004.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2003] [Revised: 03/16/2004] [Accepted: 03/29/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate two protocols of estrous synchronization in non-lactating Toggenburg goats. Nineteen goats were allocated, according to body condition score and weight, into two groups (A and B) and evaluated utilizing two treatments (T1 and T2). Animals in the T1 and T2 groups received an intravaginal sponge (day 0) containing 60 mg medroxyprogesterone acetate for 6 and 9 days, respectively, plus 200 IU equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG) and 22.5 microg cloprostenol 24 h before sponge removal. Females were bred only at the second estrus and received 22.5 microg cloprostenol 7 days later to prevent pregnancy. Percentages of animals in estrus did not differ (P > 0.05) between T1 (89.5%) and T2 (84.2%). From 33 females in estrus (T1 + T2), 28 (84.8%), 2 (6.1%), and 3 (9.1%) were identified in estrus at 06:00, 12:00 and 18:00 h, respectively. Additionally, 6 (18.2%), 0 (0.0%) and 27 (81.8%) were no longer detected to be on estrus at 06:00, 12:00 and 18:00 h, respectively. Interval from sponge removal and the onset of estrus (IE) did not differ (P > 0.05) between T1 (46.1 +/- 15.0 h) and T2 (53.6 +/- 16.1 h). Duration of estrus did not differ (P > 0.05) between T1 (30.0 +/- 12.0 h) and T2 (27.2 +/- 11.2 h). Both protocols were effective in inducing estrus in non-lactating goats. The onset and end of the estrus relative to hour of the day should be considered in estrous detection, natural breeding, and artificial insemination in goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Fonseca
- Embrapa Goats, CP D10, CEP 62011-970, Sobral, CE, Brazil.
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