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Coker C, Rogers RS, Freed B, Steele R, Kinde MN, Danilova G, Kruse SW, Dennis JF. Battle of the sections: Student outcomes and course feedback support combined prosection and dissection laboratory formats to maximize student success. Anat Sci Educ 2024. [PMID: 38570916 DOI: 10.1002/ase.2420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Gross anatomy laboratories frequently utilize dissection or prosection formats within medical curricula. Practical examination scores are consistent across the formats, yet these examinations assessed larger anatomical structures. In contrast, a single report noted improved scores when prosection was used in the hand and foot regions, areas that are more difficult to dissect. The incorporation of prosected donors within "Head and Neck" laboratories provided an opportunity to further characterize the impact of prosection in a structurally complex area. Retrospective analysis of 21 Head and Neck practical examination questions was completed to compare scores among cohorts that utilized dissection exclusively or incorporated prosection. Mean scores of practical examination questions were significantly higher in the prosection cohort (84.27% ± 12.69) as compared with the dissection cohort (75.59% ± 12.27) (p < 0.001). Of the 12 questions that performed better in the prosection cohort (88.42% ± 8.21), 10 items mapped to deeper anatomical regions. By comparison, eight of nine questions in the dissection cohort outperformed (88.44% ± 3.34) the prosection cohort (71.74% ± 18.11), and mapped to anatomically superficial regions. Despite the mean score increase with positional location of the questions, this effect was not statically significant across cohorts (p = 1.000), suggesting that structure accessibility in anatomically complex regions impacts performance. Student feedback cited structure preservation (71.5%) and time savings (55.8%) as advantages to prosection; however, dissection was the perceived superior and preferred laboratory format (88.6%). These data support combined prosection and dissection formats for improving student recognition of deeply positioned structures and maximizing student success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Coker
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Kansas City University, Joplin, Missouri, USA
| | - Robert S Rogers
- Department of Academic Affairs, Kansas City University, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Blair Freed
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Kansas City University, Joplin, Missouri, USA
| | - Robert Steele
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Kansas City University, Joplin, Missouri, USA
| | - Monica N Kinde
- Illinois College of Osteopathic Medicine at the Chicago School, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Galina Danilova
- Department of Institutional Effectiveness, Kansas City University, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Schoen W Kruse
- Office of the Provost, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Jennifer F Dennis
- Department of Pathology & Anatomical Sciences, Kansas City University, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
- Department of Academic Affairs, Kansas Health Science Center-Kansas College of Osteopathic Medicine, Wichita, Kansas, USA
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Murtha CM, Thiel GE, Dennis JF, Hopper M. The Clinical Anatomy Fellowship: Revolutionizing curricular experiences for faculty and students. Anat Sci Educ 2024; 17:620-629. [PMID: 38372425 DOI: 10.1002/ase.2390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Fellows completing the Clinical Anatomy Fellowship at Kansas City University assist Anatomy faculty in the Gross Anatomy laboratory, complete robust research projects, and support other departments. The program's positive impact on participants has been reported; however, the impact on individuals interfacing with Fellows has not been investigated. A follow-up, survey-based (Likert scale, multiple-choice, open-ended) study was conducted to evaluate faculty, staff, and student perceptions of the program. Ninety-five percent of surveyed faculty and staff (n = 22) perceived the Fellows as beneficial to students, faculty, and the university (p < 0.05) by acting as role models (95%) and mentors (90%), contributing to educational processes (90%), and reducing faculty work burden (81%) (p < 0.05). Student responses (n = 95) were also positive: 97% perceived interactions with Fellows as beneficial (p < 0.05). A passion for Anatomy (mean, 4.6; p < 0.05) and the opportunity to increase competitiveness for residency (mean, 4.5; p < 0.05) were the most important factors driving interest in the Fellowship (Cronbach's alpha, 0.766). In contrast, diverting a year from the school's curriculum (mean, 4.4; p < 0.05) and delaying clinical experiences (mean, 4.3; p < 0.05) were the most important deterrents (Cronbach's alpha, 0.505). Additionally, the financial investment required by the program is lower than that associated with hiring full-time faculty. Analysis comparing employment of Fellows versus associate-level faculty identified annual net savings of $370,000. Not only does the Fellowship augment faculty and student experiences at the university, but it also allows for substantial cost savings. Collectively, these data are evidence for other health professional institutions to consider adopting a similar program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celeste M Murtha
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Kansas City University, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Grace E Thiel
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Kansas City University, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Jennifer F Dennis
- Department of Pathology & Anatomical Sciences, Kansas City University, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
- Department of Academic Affairs, Kansas Health Science Center-Kansas College of Osteopathic Medicine, Wichita, Kansas, USA
| | - Mari Hopper
- Department of Academic Affairs, Kansas City University, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
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Thiel GE, Puga TB, Perleberg TD, Figuerres BF, Dennis JF. Achilles Allograft Fiber Track Graft Preparation Technique for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction. Arthrosc Tech 2024; 13:102844. [PMID: 38435240 PMCID: PMC10907893 DOI: 10.1016/j.eats.2023.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Anterior cruciate ligament rupture is a common orthopaedic injury, with reconstruction the treatment of choice for active individuals. Graft selection is an important consideration for surgical planning. Achilles tendon allograft is a graft choice most likely used in cases of revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. This technical note discusses an approach to Achilles tendon allograft preparation that respects and follows the rotation of the fibers of the Achilles tendon. Key considerations in the use of this technique include (1) identifying the rotational fiber tracks, (2) performing careful dissection along the identified tracks of the fibers, and (3) ensuring an appropriate graft width based on patient size, all of which are crucial for the success of this unique technique. The preservation of the rotational fibers provided by this technique may have the potential to result in increased tensile strength and better clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace E. Thiel
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Kansas City University, Kansas City, Missouri, U.S.A
| | - Troy B. Puga
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Kansas City University, Kansas City, Missouri, U.S.A
| | - Tyler D. Perleberg
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Kansas City University, Kansas City, Missouri, U.S.A
| | - Benedict F. Figuerres
- Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, The University of Kansas Health System St. Francis Campus, Topeka, Kansas, U.S.A
| | - Jennifer F. Dennis
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, Kansas City University, Kansas City, Missouri, U.S.A
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Thiel GE, Murtha CM, Dennis JF, Hopper M. The clinical anatomy fellowship: A participants' perspective. Anat Sci Educ 2024; 17:173-185. [PMID: 37700558 DOI: 10.1002/ase.2337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Kansas City University offers a Clinical Anatomy Fellowship which enrolls nine medical students during each academic year and provides training in research, teaching, and advanced anatomical topics. The Fellows practice as novice educators, working alongside Anatomy faculty to teach medical students in the Gross Anatomy laboratory. However, little has been reported related to Fellowship participation and success outcomes. This survey-based study was designed to explore (1) student motivation(s) for pursuing the Fellowship, (2) benefits of participation, and (3) the perceived impact on residency applications and career success. Three unique populations were surveyed. The most important factors driving application to the Fellowship were a desire to increase competitiveness in the residency application process (Likert mean score 4.7-5.0) and a passion for Anatomy (Likert mean score 4.3-4.7). Taking a year away from the College of Osteopathic Medicine curriculum (Likert mean score 4.4) and delaying clinical exposure (Likert mean score 4.2) were the most important deterrents to application. The most reported benefits after program completion included opportunities to build a strong residency application (44% and 50% of Fellows), conduct research (44% and 45% of Fellows), and participate in teaching (11% and 50% of Fellows). 73% of past Fellows matched into their top specialty of choice. Flexibility in the program allows participants to individualize their Fellowship experience to address their personal goals related to residency applications and careers as future physicians. As the results suggest, the Clinical Anatomy Fellowship benefits Fellows, signaling other medical institutions to consider adopting a similar program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace E Thiel
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Kansas City University, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Celeste M Murtha
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Kansas City University, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Jennifer F Dennis
- Department of Pathology & Anatomical Sciences, Kansas City University, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Mari Hopper
- Department of Academic Affairs, Kansas City University, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
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Kendell A, Limback K, Lester DK, Rogers RS, Creamer BA, Dennis JF. Student perceptions of remote versus on-campus gross anatomy laboratories during COVID-19. Anat Sci Educ 2023; 16:1174-1186. [PMID: 37449653 DOI: 10.1002/ase.2320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
At Kansas City University, anatomy laboratories were delivered via remote (REM) or on-campus (OC) formats due to COVID-19, creating an opportunity to evaluate student perceptions of differences in laboratory delivery format. A six-item survey of Likert scale and open-ended questions explored the utility of anatomy software, prelab instruction handouts, and prosection reviews. Likert scale validity was analyzed using Cronbach's α; responses were compared among REM and OC formats using Chi-square. Descriptive codes were applied to summarize responses, which were grouped and converted into percentages. Statistically significant differences in REM versus OC formats were determined for the helpfulness of the prelab handouts (χ2 , 28.00; df, 4; p < 0.001) and effectiveness of cadavers in learning anatomy (χ2 , 20.58; df, 4; p < 0.0004). Trends in responses noted disagreement in the effectiveness of anatomy software (REM, 69.8%; OC, 51.08%), but agreement with the helpfulness of prosection reviews (REM, 85.9%; OC, 61.6%) (Cronbach α: REM, 0.648; OC, 0.646). Themes from narrative REM comments (n = 496) noted anatomy software was difficult to use (33.1%) and had issues with orientation (15.5%), as well as a student preference for OC laboratories (12.5%). The OC format responses (n = 456) noted poor software design (47.9%), unnecessary for studying (35.4%), and preference for in-person laboratories (7.4%). Qualitative analysis of narrative comments detailed other resources used, including Complete Anatomy™ and YouTube™. Trends highlighted the prelab handouts and prosection reviews for learning, the ineffectiveness of anatomy software, and a preference for OC laboratories. We highlight student perspectives of REM versus OC laboratory formats in response to COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Kendell
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Kansas City University, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Kylie Limback
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Kansas City University, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - D Kirk Lester
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Kansas City University, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Robert S Rogers
- Department of Academic Affairs, Kansas City University, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Bradley A Creamer
- Department of Basic Sciences, Kansas City University, Joplin, Missouri, USA
| | - Jennifer F Dennis
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, Kansas City University, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
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Dennis JF, Creamer BA. Destination integration: linking physiology, histology, and embryology content in foundational sciences. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1236562. [PMID: 37781227 PMCID: PMC10538285 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1236562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Anatomy and physiology are tightly linked disciplines that complement each other, however, in medical education delivery of this content is often siloed and divided. To address this, we created combined anatomy and physiology content for the female reproductive system, and team-taught designated histology and embryology topics integrated with the physiology content. Collectively, this created a more holistic incorporation of topics for student learning. Here we describe the format and approach for this teaching innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer F. Dennis
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, Kansas City University, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Bradley A. Creamer
- Department of Basic Sciences, Kansas City University, Joplin, MO, United States
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Motzko M, Dennis JF. Usage of Student-Created Anatomical Diagrams Shared on Social Media. Med Sci Educ 2023; 33:191-204. [PMID: 37008448 PMCID: PMC10060446 DOI: 10.1007/s40670-023-01736-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Social media (SoMe) is a resource for electronic materials in medical education, but has been particularly relevant for anatomy education due to the visual nature of the discipline. Although the distribution of expert/faculty-created anatomy content has been documented, the usefulness of novice/student-created content distributed via SoMe remains undetermined. To address this, original anatomical diagrams (n = 127) created by a novice educator were disseminated via the Anatomy Adventures Instagram account and evaluated for their usefulness. Audience engagement was evaluated using descriptive statistics, with a mean number of likes for all posts (n = 61) of 62.54 + 15.70. Statistically significant differences in the number of likes across content topics were assessed using a Kruskal-Wallis test (H(41.09) = 4, p < 0.005). An 11-item survey (10.6% response rate) explored the (1) population demographics, (2) diagram utility, and (3) suggestions for improvement. Responses were converted to percent frequencies and assessed with chi-square. Descriptive codes were applied to open-ended responses according to published methods. Of the 111 survey responses, 95% of participants were 18-30 years, with the majority of participants being medical students (69.3%), undergraduate/graduate students (16.2%), and fully employed (12.6%). Participants report using the diagrams to study for coursework or board examinations (54%), while non-medical use (42.4%) included leisure viewing or reviewing for their occupation. The usefulness of the diagrams was attributed to their (1) simplicity (43%), (2) style (24.6%), and (3) color-coding (12.3%) (p = 0.0025). These data indicate that Instagram may be utilized by novice educators to provide accurate and accessible resources. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40670-023-01736-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaela Motzko
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Kansas City University, Farber-McIntire Campus, St. John’s Boulevard, Joplin, MO 2901 USA
| | - Jennifer F. Dennis
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, Kansas City University, 1750 Independence Avenue, Kansas City, MO 64106 USA
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Freed B, Coker C, Steele R, Marolt C, Motzko M, Creamer BA, Dennis JF. Communicating Branches of the Facial Nerve: Descriptions and Clinical Considerations. Aesthet Surg J 2022; 42:NP373-NP382. [PMID: 35148367 DOI: 10.1093/asj/sjac029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major branching patterns of the facial nerve have been extensively studied because damage to branches of the nerve is associated with complications ranging from weakness to paralysis. However, communicating branches of the facial nerve have received far less attention despite being hypothesized as a means of motor recovery following facial nerve injury. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to characterize the frequency of communicating branches of the facial nerve to provide clarity on their anatomy and clinical correlations. METHODS Bilateral facial dissections were completed on cadaveric donors (n = 20) to characterize the frequency and location of communicating branches across terminal branches of the facial nerve. Statistical analyses were employed to analyze differences between the location of communications by side and whether the communicating branches were more likely to occur on the left or right side (P < 0.05). RESULTS Communicating branches were identified among all terminal branches of the facial nerve and their frequencies reported. The highest frequencies of communicating branches were identified between the buccal-to-marginal mandibular and zygomatic-to-buccal branches, at 67.5% (27 comm/40 hemifaces). The second highest frequency was identified between the temporal-to-zygomatic branches in 62.5% (25/40) of donors. The marginal mandibular-to-cervical branches had communicating branches at a frequency of 55% (22/40). Location or sidedness of communicating branches did not significantly differ. CONCLUSIONS Our characterization more accurately defines generalizable areas in which communicating branches are located. These locations of branches, described in relation to nearby landmarks, are fundamental for clinical and surgical settings to improve procedural awareness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blair Freed
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, and Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, Kansas City University, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Charles Coker
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, and Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, Kansas City University, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Robert Steele
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, and Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, Kansas City University, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Clayton Marolt
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, and Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, Kansas City University, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Micaela Motzko
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, and Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, Kansas City University, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Bradley A Creamer
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, and Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, Kansas City University, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Jennifer F Dennis
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, and Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, Kansas City University, Kansas City, MO, USA
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Dennis JF, Creamer BA. To touch or not to touch: evaluating student laboratory outcomes of hands‐on versus visual examination of prosected cadavers. FASEB J 2022. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2022.36.s1.r3916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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10
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Motzko M, Dennis JF. The Utility of Anatomical Diagrams Shared on Social Media. FASEB J 2022. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2022.36.s1.r2119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Attardi SM, Harmon DJ, Barremkala M, Bentley D, Brown KM, Dennis JF, Goldman H, Harrell KM, Klein BA, Ramnanan C, Farkas GJ. An analysis of anatomy education before and during Covid-19: August-December 2020. Anat Sci Educ 2022; 15:5-26. [PMID: 34758206 PMCID: PMC8653345 DOI: 10.1002/ase.2152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease-2019 (Covid-19) disrupted the in-person teaching format of anatomy. To study changes in gross anatomy education that occurred during August-December, 2020 compared to before the pandemic, an online survey was distributed to anatomy educators. The 191 responses received were analyzed in total and by academic program, geographic region, and institution type. Cadaver use decreased overall (before: 74.1 ± 34.1%, during: 50.3 ± 43.0%, P < 0.0001), as well as across allopathic and osteopathic medicine, therapy, undergraduate, and veterinary programs (P < 0.05), but remained unchanged for other programs (P > 0.05). Cadaver use decreased internationally and in the US (P < 0.0001), at public and private (P < 0.0001) institutions, and among allopathic medical programs in Northeastern, Central, and Southern (P < 0.05), but not Western, US geographical regions. Laboratories during Covid-19 were delivered through synchronous (59%), asynchronous (4%), or mixed (37%) formats (P < 0.0001) and utilized digital resources (47%), dissection (32%), and/or prosection (21%) (P < 0.0001). The practical laboratory examination persisted during Covid-19 (P = 0.419); however, the setting and materials shifted to computer-based (P < 0.0001) and image-based (P < 0.0001), respectively. In-person lecture decreased during Covid-19 (before: 88%, during: 24%, P = 0.003). When anatomy digital resources were categorized, dissection media, interactive software, and open-access content increased (P ≤ 0.008), with specific increases in BlueLink, Acland's Videos, and Complete Anatomy (P < 0.05). This study provided evidence of how gross anatomy educators continued to adapt their courses past the early stages of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie M. Attardi
- Department of Foundational Medical StudiesOakland University William Beaumont School of MedicineRochesterMichiganUSA
| | - Derek J. Harmon
- Department of AnatomyUniversity of California, San Francisco, School of MedicineSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Malli Barremkala
- Department of Foundational Medical StudiesOakland University William Beaumont School of MedicineRochesterMichiganUSA
| | - Danielle C. Bentley
- Division of Anatomy, Temerty Faculty of MedicineUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Kirsten M. Brown
- Department of Anatomy and Cell BiologyGeorge Washington University School of Medicine and Health SciencesWashingtonDCUSA
| | - Jennifer F. Dennis
- Department of AnatomyKansas City University College of MedicineJoplinMissouriUSA
| | - Haviva M. Goldman
- Department of Neurobiology and AnatomyDrexel University College of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Kelly M. Harrell
- Department of Anatomy and NeurobiologyVirginia Commonwealth University School of MedicineRichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - Barbie A. Klein
- Department of AnatomyUniversity of California, San Francisco, School of MedicineSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Gary J. Farkas
- Department of Physical Medicine and RehabilitationUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFloridaUSA
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Wang-Selfridge AA, Dennis JF. Management of Obesity Using Telemedicine During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Mo Med 2021; 118:442-445. [PMID: 34658437 PMCID: PMC8504514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE During the COVID-19 pandemic, telemedicine visits increased to provide safer access to healthcare. METHODS To evaluate the role of telemedicine in obesity management during COVID-19, we conducted a systematic review to identify barriers in using this approach to patient care. CONCLUSION While necessary, the management of obesity through telemedicine was met with patient-specific and healthcare-specific barriers. Increased awareness of these barriers may allow physicians to better understand patient interactions via virtual medical visits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer F Dennis
- Department of Anatomy, KCUCOM. Both are at the Joplin Campus, Joplin, Missouri
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Harmon DJ, Attardi SM, Barremkala M, Bentley DC, Brown KM, Dennis JF, Goldman HM, Harrell KM, Klein BA, Ramnanan CJ, Richtsmeier JT, Farkas GJ. An Analysis of Anatomy Education Before and During Covid-19: May-August 2020. Anat Sci Educ 2021; 14:132-147. [PMID: 33387389 DOI: 10.1002/ase.2051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) created unparalleled challenges to anatomy education. Gross anatomy education has been particularly impacted given the traditional in-person format of didactic instruction and/or laboratory component(s). To assess the changes in gross anatomy lecture and laboratory instruction, assessment, and teaching resources utilized as a result of Covid-19, a survey was distributed to gross anatomy educators through professional associations and listservs. Of the 67 survey responses received for the May-August 2020 academic period, 84% were from United States (US) institutions, while 16% were internationally based. Respondents indicated that in-person lecture decreased during Covid-19 (before: 76%, during: 8%, P < 0.001) and use of cadaver materials declined (before: 76 ± 33%, during: 34 ± 43%, P < 0.001). The use of cadaver materials in laboratories decreased during Covid-19 across academic programs, stand-alone and integrated anatomy courses, and private and public institutions (P ≤ 0.004). Before Covid-19, cadaveric materials used in laboratories were greater among professional health programs relative to medical and undergraduate programs (P ≤ 0.03) and among stand-alone relative to integrated anatomy courses (P ≤ 0.03). Furthermore, computer-based assessment increased (P < 0.001) and assessment materials changed from cadaveric material to images (P < 0.03) during Covid-19, even though assessment structure was not different (P > 0.05). The use of digital teaching resources increased during Covid-19 (P < 0.001), with reports of increased use of in-house created content, BlueLink, and Complete Anatomy software (P < 0.05). While primarily representing US institutions, this study provided evidence of how anatomy educators adapted their courses, largely through virtual mediums, and modified laboratory protocols during the initial emergence of the Covid-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek J Harmon
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California
| | - Stefanie M Attardi
- Department of Foundational Medical Studies, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, Michigan
| | - Malli Barremkala
- Department of Foundational Medical Studies, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, Michigan
| | - Danielle C Bentley
- Division of Anatomy, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kirsten M Brown
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | | | - Haviva M Goldman
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kelly M Harrell
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Barbie A Klein
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California
| | - Christopher J Ramnanan
- Department of Innovation in Medical Education, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joan T Richtsmeier
- Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Gary J Farkas
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
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Abstract
Anatomical education has minimal reports describing the creation and usage of supplemental resources for content review. The HistoHustle was developed to increase student engagement and retention of histology content in our curriculum. Qualitative feedback suggests that it has great benefit to student perception of their success and content integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer F. Dennis
- Department of Anatomy, Kansas City University of Medicine and Biosciences, 2901 St. Johns Boulevard, Joplin, MO 64804 USA
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Kansas City University of Medicine and Biosciences, 2901 St. Johns Boulevard, Joplin, MO 64804 USA
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Creamer BA, Sloan SNB, Dennis JF, Rogers R, Spencer S, McCuen A, Persaud P, Staudinger JL. Associations between Pregnane X Receptor and Breast Cancer Growth and Progression. Cells 2020; 9:cells9102295. [PMID: 33076284 PMCID: PMC7602492 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pregnane X receptor (PXR, NR1I2) is a member of the ligand-activated nuclear receptor superfamily. This receptor is promiscuous in its activation profile and is responsive to a broad array of both endobiotic and xenobiotic ligands. PXR is involved in pivotal cellular detoxification processes to include the regulation of genes that encode key drug-metabolizing cytochrome-P450 enzymes, oxidative stress response, as well as enzymes that drive steroid and bile acid metabolism. While PXR clearly has important regulatory roles in the liver and gastrointestinal tract, this nuclear receptor also has biological functions in breast tissue. In this review, we highlight current knowledge of PXR’s role in mammary tumor carcinogenesis. The elevated level of PXR expression in cancerous breast tissue suggests a likely interface between aberrant cell division and xeno-protection in cancer cells. Moreover, PXR itself exerts positive effect on the cell cycle, thereby predisposing tumor cells to unchecked proliferation. Activation of PXR also plays a key role in regulating apoptosis, as well as in acquired resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. The repressive role of PXR in regulating inflammatory mediators along with the existence of genetic polymorphisms within the sequence of the PXR gene may predispose individuals to developing breast cancer. Further investigations into the role that PXR plays in driving tumorigenesis are needed.
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Adams PG, Farritor C, Motzkus GG, Dennis JF. Cost Effective Videography for Modern Anatomy Education. FASEB J 2019. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.444.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Parker G Adams
- College of Osteopathic MedicineKansas City University of Medicine & BiosciencesJoplinMO
| | - Colin Farritor
- College of Osteopathic MedicineKansas City University of Medicine & BiosciencesJoplinMO
| | - Gregory G Motzkus
- College of Osteopathic MedicineKansas City University of Medicine & BiosciencesJoplinMO
| | - Jennifer F Dennis
- College of Osteopathic MedicineKansas City University of Medicine & BiosciencesJoplinMO
- Department of AnatomyKansas City University of Medicine and BiosciencesJoplinMO
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Sandell LL, Iulianella A, Melton KR, Lynn M, Walker M, Inman KE, Bhatt S, Leroux-Berger M, Crawford M, Jones NC, Dennis JF, Trainor PA. A phenotype-driven ENU mutagenesis screen identifies novel alleles with functional roles in early mouse craniofacial development. Genesis 2011; 49:342-59. [PMID: 21305688 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.20727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2010] [Accepted: 01/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Proper craniofacial development begins during gastrulation and requires the coordinated integration of each germ layer tissue (ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm) and its derivatives in concert with the precise regulation of cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Neural crest cells, which are derived from ectoderm, are a migratory progenitor cell population that generates most of the cartilage, bone, and connective tissue of the head and face. Neural crest cell development is regulated by a combination of intrinsic cell autonomous signals acquired during their formation, balanced with extrinsic signals from tissues with which the neural crest cells interact during their migration and differentiation. Although craniofacial anomalies are typically attributed to defects in neural crest cell development, the cause may be intrinsic or extrinsic. Therefore, we performed a phenotype-driven ENU mutagenesis screen in mice with the aim of identifying novel alleles in an unbiased manner, that are critically required for early craniofacial development. Here we describe 10 new mutant lines, which exhibit phenotypes affecting frontonasal and pharyngeal arch patterning, neural and vascular development as well as sensory organ morphogenesis. Interestingly, our data imply that neural crest cells and endothelial cells may employ similar developmental programs and be interdependent during early embryogenesis, which collectively is critical for normal craniofacial morphogenesis. Furthermore our novel mutants that model human conditions such as exencephaly, craniorachischisis, DiGeorge, and Velocardiofacial sydnromes could be very useful in furthering our understanding of the complexities of specific human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa L Sandell
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
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