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Hames JL, Bell DJ, Perez-Lima LM, Holm-Denoma JM, Rooney T, Charles NE, Thompson SM, Mehlenbeck RS, Tawfik SH, Fondacaro KM, Simmons KT, Hoersting RC. Navigating uncharted waters: Considerations for training clinics in the rapid transition to telepsychology and telesupervision during COVID-19. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration 2020. [DOI: 10.1037/int0000224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Hames JL, Rogers ML, Silva C, Ribeiro JD, Teale NE, Joiner TE. A Social Exclusion Manipulation Interacts with Acquired Capability for Suicide to Predict Self-Aggressive Behaviors. Arch Suicide Res 2018; 22:32-45. [PMID: 28287920 PMCID: PMC7871897 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2017.1304309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The interpersonal theory of suicide posits that individuals who simultaneously experience high levels of thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness, and acquired capability for suicide are at high risk for a lethal or near-lethal suicide attempt. Although supported by self-report studies, no study has examined facets of the theory experimentally. The present study aimed to examine the belongingness and capability components of the theory by testing whether experimentally manipulated social exclusion interacts with self-reported acquired capability to predict higher self-administered shock levels on a self-aggression paradigm. A sample of 253 students completed self-report measures and were then randomly assigned to a social exclusion manipulation condition (future alone, future belonging, no feedback). Participants then participated in the self-aggression paradigm. The positive association between acquired capability and self-aggression was strongest among participants in the future alone social exclusion condition. In those assigned to the future belonging or no feedback conditions, the association between acquired capability and self-aggression was non-significant. These findings provide modest experimental support for the interpersonal theory of suicide and highlight a potential mechanism through which social exclusion may impact suicide risk. Limitations and future research directions are discussed.
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Buchman-Schmitt JM, Chu C, Michaels MS, Hames JL, Silva C, Hagan CR, Ribeiro JD, Selby EA, Joiner TE. The role of stressful life events preceding death by suicide: Evidence from two samples of suicide decedents. Psychiatry Res 2017; 256:345-352. [PMID: 28675860 PMCID: PMC5603385 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.06.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Stressful life events (SLEs) are associated with increased risk for suicidal behavior. Less is known regarding the intensity of SLEs and how this may vary as a function of suicide attempt history. As a large percentage of suicide decedents do not have a history of suicidal behavior, SLEs precipitating suicide may help characterize suicidality in this understudied population. This paper examines the intensity, number, and accumulation of SLEs preceding death by suicide among decedents with varying suicide attempt histories. Suicide attempts, SLEs, and suicide methods were examined in two samples: 62 prison-based and 117 community-based suicide decedents. Regression was used to compare the level of stressor precipitating death by suicide in decedents who died on a first attempt versus multiple previous attempts. A non-significant trend was observed in the prison population which was supported by significant findings in the community-based sample. Decedents who died on a first attempt experienced a stressor of a lower magnitude when compared to decedents with multiple previous suicide attempts. We discuss the implications of these findings in relation to the stress-diathesis model for suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M. Buchman-Schmitt
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32301, United States,Correspondence to: 1107 West Call St., Tallahassee, Florida, 32306. Tel.: +(763) 923 3852.
| | - Carol Chu
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32301, United States
| | - Matthew S. Michaels
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32301, United States
| | - Jennifer L. Hames
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32301, United States
| | - Caroline Silva
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32301, United States
| | - Christopher R. Hagan
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32301, United States
| | - Jessica D. Ribeiro
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32301, United States
| | - Edward A. Selby
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States
| | - Thomas E. Joiner
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32301, United States
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Anestis JC, Finn JA, Gottfried ED, Hames JL, Bodell LP, Hagan CR, Arnau RC, Anestis MD, Arbisi PA, Joiner TE. Burdensomeness, Belongingness, and Capability: Assessing the Interpersonal–Psychological Theory of Suicide With MMPI-2-RF Scales. Assessment 2016; 25:415-431. [DOI: 10.1177/1073191116652227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Given the emerging body of literature demonstrating the validity of the interpersonal–psychological theory of suicide (IPTS), and the importance of increasing our understanding of the development of risk factors associated with suicidal behavior, it seems worthwhile both to expand IPTS research via Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory–2–Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF) correlates and to expand the availability of methods by which to assess the constructs of the IPTS. The present study attempted to do so in a large adult outpatient mental health sample by (a) inspecting associations between the IPTS constructs and the substantive scales of the MMPI-2-RF and (b) exploring the utility of MMPI-2-RF scale–based algorithms of the IPTS constructs. Correlates between the IPTS constructs and the MMPI-2-RF scales scores largely followed a pattern consistent with theory-based predictions, and we provide preliminary evidence that the IPTS constructs can be reasonably approximated using theoretically based MMPI-2-RF substantive scales. Implications of these findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacob A. Finn
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Jennifer L. Hames
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Paul A. Arbisi
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Chu C, Hom MA, Rogers ML, Ringer FB, Hames JL, Suh S, Joiner TE. Is Insomnia Lonely? Exploring Thwarted Belongingness as an Explanatory Link between Insomnia and Suicidal Ideation in a Sample of South Korean University Students. J Clin Sleep Med 2016; 12:647-52. [PMID: 26857060 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.5784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Suicide is a serious public health problem, and suicide rates are particularly high in South Korea. Insomnia has been identified as a risk factor for suicidal ideation; however, little is known about the mechanisms accounting for this relationship in this population. Based on the premise that insomnia can be lonely (e.g., being awake when everyone else is asleep), the purpose of this study was to examine whether greater insomnia severity would be associated with higher levels of thwarted belongingness and suicidal ideation, and whether thwarted belongingness would mediate the relationship between insomnia and suicidal ideation. METHODS Predictions were tested in a sample of 552 South Korean young adults who completed self-report measures of insomnia severity, suicidal ideation, and thwarted belongingness. RESULTS Greater insomnia symptom severity was significantly and positively associated with thwarted belongingness and suicidal ideation. Mediation analyses revealed that thwarted belongingness significantly accounted for the relationship between insomnia severity and suicidal ideation. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the potential importance of monitoring and therapeutically impacting insomnia and thwarted belongingness to help reduce suicide risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Chu
- Florida State University, Department of Psychology, Tallahassee, FL
| | - Melanie A Hom
- Florida State University, Department of Psychology, Tallahassee, FL
| | - Megan L Rogers
- Florida State University, Department of Psychology, Tallahassee, FL
| | - Fallon B Ringer
- Florida State University, Department of Psychology, Tallahassee, FL
| | - Jennifer L Hames
- Florida State University, Department of Psychology, Tallahassee, FL.,Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Sooyeon Suh
- Sungshin Women's University, Department of Psychology, Seoul, South Korea.,Stanford University, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford, CA
| | - Thomas E Joiner
- Florida State University, Department of Psychology, Tallahassee, FL
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Hames JL, Chiurliza B, Podlogar MC, Smith AR, Selby EA, Anestis MD, Joiner TE. Perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness predict excessive reassurance seeking among clinical outpatients. J Clin Psychol 2015; 71:597-605. [PMID: 25809291 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.22158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study aimed to investigate whether perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness (i.e., suicide risk factors) were associated with excessive reassurance seeking (a behavior linked to rejection). It was predicted that perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness would predict higher levels of excessive reassurance seeking, controlling for depressive symptoms and global functioning. METHOD A cross-sectional sample of 415 clinical outpatients (62% female; mean age = 28) was examined. RESULTS Perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness significantly predicted excessive reassurance seeking, controlling for depressive symptoms and global functioning. CONCLUSIONS Perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness predicted excessive reassurance seeking, suggesting that it would be beneficial for clinicians to assess for and target excessive reassurance seeking among individuals experiencing perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness so that excessive reassurance seeking does not elicit interpersonal rejection.
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Sachs-Ericsson N, Selby EA, Hames JL, Joiner TE, Fingerman KL, Zarit SH, Birditt KS, Hilt LM. Transmission of parental neuroticism to offspring's depression: the mediating role of rumination. Personal Ment Health 2014; 8:306-19. [PMID: 25183563 PMCID: PMC4940187 DOI: 10.1002/pmh.1268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Revised: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Rumination is a cognitive process that involves repetitively focusing on the causes, situational factors and consequences of one's negative emotion, and it is a potent risk factor for depression. Parental depression and neuroticism may exert an influence on offspring's development of rumination, which may increase offspring's risk for depression. The current study included 375 biological parent-offspring dyads. Parents were assessed for depressive symptoms and neuroticism; adult offspring were assessed for depressive symptoms and rumination. Structural equation modelling was used to examine the effects of parental depressive symptoms and parental neuroticism on adult offspring's depression, and to determine whether offspring's rumination mediated this relationship. Results provided evidence that offspring's rumination fully mediated the relationship between parental neuroticism and offspring's depressive symptoms. Parental depressive symptoms and neuroticism may contribute a genetic predisposition for depressive symptoms in offspring, but it also may promote an environment in which maladaptive cognitive processes, such as rumination, are learned. Given the role that rumination plays in mediating the association between neuroticism and depressive symptoms-targeting rumination in the treatment of high risk individuals would be important in reducing onset of depressive disorders.
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Hawkins KA, Hames JL, Ribeiro JD, Silva C, Joiner TE, Cougle JR. An examination of the relationship between anger and suicide risk through the lens of the interpersonal theory of suicide. J Psychiatr Res 2014; 50:59-65. [PMID: 24388767 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2013.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Research has implicated a relationship between anger and suicidality, though underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The current study examined this relationship through the lens of the interpersonal theory of suicide (ITS). According to the ITS, individuals who experience thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness, and elevated acquired capability for suicide are at increased risk for death by suicide. The relationships between anger and these variables were examined and these variables were examined as potential mediators between anger and suicidal ideation and behavior. Additionally, exposure to painful and provocative events was examined as a potential mediator between anger and acquired capability. As part of intake at a community mental health clinic, 215 outpatients completed questionnaires assessing depression, suicidal ideation, anger, perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness, and acquired capability. Regression analyses revealed unique relationships between anger and both thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness, covarying for depression. The association between anger and acquired capability trended toward significance. The links between anger and suicidal ideation and behavior were fully mediated by thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness, but this effect was driven by perceived burdensomeness. Additionally, the link between anger and acquired capability was fully mediated by experience with painful and provocative events. In conclusion, results suggest that anger is uniquely associated with perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness. Anger is associated with suicidal ideation and behavior via perceived burdensomeness and with greater acquired capability for suicide via experiences with painful and provocative events. Treatment for problematic anger may be beneficial to decrease risk for suicide.
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Sachs-Ericsson N, Hames JL, Joiner TE, Corsentino E, Rushing NC, Palmer E, Gotlib IH, Selby EA, Zarit S, Steffens DC. Differences between suicide attempters and nonattempters in depressed older patients: depression severity, white-matter lesions, and cognitive functioning. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2014; 22:75-85. [PMID: 23933424 PMCID: PMC4155401 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2013.01.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2012] [Revised: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The population of older adults with major depressive disorder (MDD) has the highest rate of suicide. White-matter brain lesions (WML) are a potential biologic marker for suicidality in young and middle-aged adults and are correlated with cognitive impairment in older adults. In this study of older patients with MDD, we examined 1) if a history of suicide attempts was associated with a more severe course of MDD; 2) if WML are a biologic marker for suicide; and 3) if suicide attempt history is associated with cognitive impairment mediated by WML. SETTING Data from the Neurocognitive Outcomes of Depression in the Elderly study. PARTICIPANTS Depressed patients (60+) who had ever attempted suicide (n = 23) were compared with depressed patients (60+) who had not attempted suicide (n = 223). MEASUREMENTS Baseline and follow-up assessments were obtained for depressive symptoms (every 3 months) and cognitive functioning (every 6 months) over 2 years. Three magnetic resonance imaging scans were conducted. RESULTS At baseline, suicide attempters reported more severe past and present symptoms (e.g., depressive symptoms, current suicidal thoughts, psychotic symptoms, earlier age of onset, and more lifetime episodes) than nonattempters. Suicide attempters had more left WML at baseline, and suicide attempt history predicted a greater growth in both left and right WML. WML predicted cognitive decline; nonetheless, a history of suicide attempt was unrelated to cognitive functioning. CONCLUSIONS Severity of depressive symptoms and WML are associated with suicide attempts in geriatric depressed patients. Suicide attempts predicted neurologic changes, which may contribute to poorer long-term outcomes in elder attempters.
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Clerkin EM, Smith AR, Hames JL. The interpersonal effects of Facebook reassurance seeking. J Affect Disord 2013; 151:525-530. [PMID: 23850160 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2013.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2013] [Revised: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social networking sites like Facebook represent a potentially valuable means for individuals with low self-esteem or interpersonal difficulties to connect with others; however, recent research indicates that individuals who are most in need of social benefits from Facebook may be ineffective in their communication strategies, and thereby sabotage their potential to benefit interpersonally. The current study tested whether reassurance seeking via Facebook negatively influenced self-esteem, and whether this change in self-esteem mediated the relationship between Facebook reassurance seeking and greater thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness. METHOD Participants completed measures online at two time-points approximately 24 days apart. RESULTS Results provided evidence that Facebook reassurance seeking predicted lower levels of self-esteem, which in turn predicted increased feelings that one does not belong and that one is a burden. LIMITATIONS Key limitations to this study include our use of a predominantly young, female, Caucasian sample, a novel reassurance seeking measure, and only evaluating two time points. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that Facebook usage has the potential for negative and far-reaching influences on one's interpersonal functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise M Clerkin
- Department of Psychology, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA.
| | - April R Smith
- Department of Psychology, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Jennifer L Hames
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
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Ribeiro JD, Bodell LP, Hames JL, Hagan CR, Joiner TE. An empirically based approach to the assessment and management of suicidal behavior. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration 2013. [DOI: 10.1037/a0031416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Smith AR, Hames JL, Joiner TE. Status update: maladaptive Facebook usage predicts increases in body dissatisfaction and bulimic symptoms. J Affect Disord 2013; 149:235-40. [PMID: 23453676 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2013.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current study examined the effects of online social evaluations and comparisons on body dissatisfaction and bulimic symptoms. METHODS We tested the effects of maladaptive Facebook usage (defined as the tendency to seek negative social evaluations and/or engage in social comparisons via Facebook) on body dissatisfaction and bulimic symptoms in a sample of 232 college females followed for approximately 4 weeks. RESULTS Results provided evidence that maladaptive Facebook usage significantly predicted increases in bulimic symptoms and episodes of over-eating approximately four weeks later. Body dissatisfaction was found to fully mediate the relationship between maladaptive Facebook usage and increases in over-eating episodes, whereas body dissatisfaction partially mediated the relationship between maladaptive Facebook usage and increases in bulimic symptoms more broadly. LIMITATIONS Limitations include the use of a novel measure of maladaptive Facebook usage due to the absence of an existing measure and a non-clinical sample. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that reducing maladaptive Facebook usage may be a fruitful target for interventions aimed at reducing body dissatisfaction and symptoms of eating pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- April R Smith
- Department of Psychology, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA.
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Rushing NC, Corsentino E, Hames JL, Sachs-Ericsson N, Steffens DC. The relationship of religious involvement indicators and social support to current and past suicidality among depressed older adults. Aging Ment Health 2013; 17:366-74. [PMID: 23121118 PMCID: PMC3596433 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2012.738414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Elderly people, particularly those with major depression, are at the highest risk for suicide than any other age group. Religious involvement is associated with a range of health outcomes including lower odds of death by suicide. However, not much is known about the effects of religious involvement on suicidal ideation in the elderly or which aspects of religiosity are beneficial. This study examined the relative influence of various conceptualizations of religious involvement, above and beyond the protective effects of social support, on current and past suicidality among depressed older adults. Participants were 248 depressed patients, 59 years and older, enrolled in the Neurocognitive Outcomes of Depression in the Elderly study. A psychiatrist assessed current suicidal ideation using the suicidal thoughts item from the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale. Past history of suicide attempts, four religious involvement indicators, social support indicators, and control variables were assessed via self-report. Church attendance, above and beyond importance of religion, private religious practices, and social support, was associated with less suicidal ideation; perceived social support partially mediated this relationship. Current religious practices were not predictive of retrospective reports of past suicide attempts. Church attendance, rather than other religious involvement indicators, has the strongest relationship to current suicidal ideation. Clinicians should consider public religious activity patterns and perceived social support when assessing for other known risk and protective factors for suicide and in developing treatment plans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - David C. Steffens
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L. Hames
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306; , ,
| | - Christopher R. Hagan
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306; , ,
| | - Thomas E. Joiner
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306; , ,
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Sachs-Ericsson N, Corsentino E, Moxley J, Hames JL, Collins N, Sawyer K, Selby EA, Joiner T, Zarit S, Gotlib IH, Steffens DC. A longitudinal study of differences in late- and early-onset geriatric depression: depressive symptoms and psychosocial, cognitive, and neurological functioning. Aging Ment Health 2013; 17:1-11. [PMID: 22934752 PMCID: PMC3535510 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2012.717253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Studies suggest early-onset depression (EOD) is associated with a more severe course of the depressive disorder, while late-onset depression (LOD) is associated with more cognitive and neuroimaging changes. This study examined if older adults with EOD, compared with those with LOD, would exhibit more severe symptoms of depression and, consistent with the glucocorticoid cascade hypothesis, have more hippocampal volume loss. A second goal was to determine if LOD, compared with EOD, would demonstrate more cognitive and neuroimaging changes. METHOD At regular intervals over a four-year period non-demented, older, depressed adults were assessed on the Mini-Mental Status Examination and the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale. They were also assessed on magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS Compared with LOD, EOD had more depressive symptoms, more suicidal thoughts, and less social support. Growth curve analyses indicated that EOD demonstrated higher levels of residual depressive symptoms over time. The LOD group exhibited a greater decrement in cognitive scores. Contrary to the glucocorticoid cascade hypothesis, participants with EOD lost right hippocampal volume at a slower rate than did participants with LOD. Right cerebrum gray matter was initially smaller among participants with LOD. CONCLUSIONS EOD is associated with greater severity of depressive illness. LOD is associated with more severe cognitive and neurological changes. These differences are relevant to understanding cognitive impairment in geriatric depression.
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Bodell LP, Hames JL, Holm-Denoma JM, Smith AR, Gordon KH, Joiner TE. Does the stress generation hypothesis apply to eating disorders?: an examination of stress generation in eating, depressive, and anxiety symptoms. J Affect Disord 2012; 142:139-42. [PMID: 22840622 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2012.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The stress generation hypothesis posits that individuals actively contribute to stress in their lives. Although stress generation has been studied frequently in the context of depression, few studies have examined whether this stress generation process is unique to depression or whether it occurs in other disorders. Although evidence suggests that stress contributes to the development of eating disorders, it is unclear whether eating disorders contribute to subsequent stress. METHODS A prospective design was used to examine the influence of eating disorder symptoms on negative life stressors. Two hundred and ninety female undergraduates completed questionnaires at two time points that examined eating disorder, depressive and anxiety symptoms and the presence of negative life events. RESULTS Regression analyses found that while eating disorder symptoms (i.e. bulimic symptoms and drive for thinness) were independent, significant predictors of negative life events, they did not predict negative life events above and beyond symptoms of depression. LIMITATIONS Limitations include the use of self-report measures and a college-based sample, which may limit generalizability of the results. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that if stress generation is present in individuals with symptoms of eating disorders, it is likely attributable to symptoms of depression. Thus, it may be important for clinicians to target depressive symptoms in order to reduce the frequency of negative life stressors among individuals with eating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay P Bodell
- Florida State University, Department of Psychology, 1107 West Call Street, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
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Hames JL, Joiner TE. Resiliency Factors May Differ as a Function of Self-Esteem Level: Testing the Efficacy of Two Types of Positive Self-Statements Following a Laboratory Stressor. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 2012. [DOI: 10.1521/jscp.2012.31.6.641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Ribeiro JD, Bender TW, Selby EA, Hames JL, Joiner TE. Development and Validation of a Brief Self-Report Measure of Agitation: The Brief Agitation Measure. J Pers Assess 2011; 93:597-604. [DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2011.608758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Haeffel GJ, Rozek DC, Hames JL, Technow J. Too Much of a Good Thing: Testing the Efficacy of a Cognitive Bias Modification Task for Cognitively Vulnerable Individuals. Cogn Ther Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10608-011-9379-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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