1
|
van Solinge TS, Abels ER, van de Haar LL, Hanlon KS, Maas SLN, Schnoor R, de Vrij J, Breakefield XO, Broekman MLD. Versatile Role of Rab27a in Glioma: Effects on Release of Extracellular Vesicles, Cell Viability, and Tumor Progression. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:554649. [PMID: 33282910 PMCID: PMC7691322 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.554649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Glioma cells exert influence over the tumor-microenvironment in part through the release of extracellular vesicles (EVs), membrane-enclosed structures containing proteins, lipids, and RNAs. In this study, we evaluated the function of Ras-associated protein 27a (Rab27a) in glioma and evaluated the feasibility of assessing its role in EV release in glioma cells in vitro and in vivo. Methods: Rab27a was knocked down via a short hairpin RNA (shRNA) stably expressed in mouse glioma cell line GL261, with a scrambled shRNA as control. EVs were isolated by ultracentrifugation and quantified with Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA) and Tunable Resistive Pulse Sensing (TRPS). CellTiter-Glo viability assays and cytokine arrays were used to evaluate the impact of Rab27a knockdown. GL261.shRab27a cells and GL261.shControl were implanted into the left striatum of eight mice to assess tumor growth and changes in the tumor microenvironment. Results: Knockdown of Rab27a in GL261 glioma cells decreased the release of small EVs isolated at 100,000 × g in vitro (p = 0.005), but not the release of larger EVs, isolated at 10,000 × g. GL261.shRab27a cells were less viable compared to the scramble control in vitro (p < 0.005). A significant increase in CCL2 expression in shRab27a GL261 cells was also observed (p < 0.001). However, in vivo there was no difference in tumor growth or overall survival between the two groups, while shRab27a tumors showed lower proliferation at the tumor borders. Decreased infiltration of IBA1 positive macrophages and microglia, but not FoxP3 positive regulatory T cells was observed. Conclusion: Rab27a plays an important role in the release of small EVs from glioma cells, and also in their viability and expression of CCL2 in vitro. As interference in Rab27a expression influences glioma cell viability and expression profiles, future studies should be cautious in using the knockdown of Rab27a as a means of studying the role of small EVs in glioma growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas S van Solinge
- Department of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,NeuroDiscovery Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Neurosurgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Erik R Abels
- Department of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,NeuroDiscovery Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lieke L van de Haar
- Department of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,NeuroDiscovery Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Killian S Hanlon
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Sybren L N Maas
- Department of Neurosurgery, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Rosalie Schnoor
- Department of Neurosurgery, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jeroen de Vrij
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Xandra O Breakefield
- Department of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,NeuroDiscovery Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Marike L D Broekman
- Department of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,NeuroDiscovery Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Neurosurgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.,Department of Neurosurgery, Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abstract
Accurate characterization of extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes and microvesicles, is essential to obtain further knowledge on the biological relevance of EVs. Tunable resistive pulse sensing (tRPS) has shown promise as a method for single particle-based quantification and size profiling of EVs. Here, we describe the technical background of tRPS and its applications for EV characterization. Besides the standard protocol, we describe an alternative protocol, in which samples are spiked with polystyrene beads of known size and concentration. This alternative protocol can be used to overcome some of the challenges of direct EV characterization in biological fluids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sybren L N Maas
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marike L D Broekman
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen de Vrij
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands. .,Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands. .,Department of Neurosurgery, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dautzenberg IJC, van den Hengel SK, de Vrij J, Ravesloot L, Cramer SJ, Hong SS, van den Wollenberg DJM, Boulanger P, Hoeben RC. Baculovirus-assisted Reovirus Infection in Monolayer and Spheroid Cultures of Glioma cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17654. [PMID: 29247249 PMCID: PMC5732240 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17709-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian orthoreovirus Type 3 Dearing has great potential as oncolytic agent in cancer therapy. One of the bottlenecks that hampers its antitumour efficacy in vivo is the limited tumour-cell infection and intratumoural distribution. This necessitates strategies to improve tumour penetration. In this study we employ the baculovirus Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus as a tool to expand the reovirus' tropism and to improve its spread in three-dimensional tumour-cell spheroids. We generated a recombinant baculovirus expressing the cellular receptor for reovirus, the Junction Adhesion Molecule-A, on its envelope. Combining these Junction Adhesion Molecule-A-expressing baculoviruses with reovirus particles leads to the formation of biviral complexes. Exposure of the reovirus-resistant glioblastoma cell line U-118 MG to the baculovirus-reovirus complexes results in efficient reovirus infection, high reovirus yields, and significant reovirus-induced cytopathic effects. As compared to the reovirus-only incubations, the biviral complexes demonstrated improved penetration and increased cell killing of three-dimensional U-118 MG tumour spheroids. Our data demonstrate that reovirus can be delivered with increased efficiency into two- and three-dimensional tumour-cell cultures via coupling the reovirus particles to baculovirus. The identification of baculovirus' capacity to penetrate into tumour tissue opens novel opportunities to improve cancer therapy by improved delivery of oncolytic viruses into tumours.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iris J C Dautzenberg
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sanne K van den Hengel
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen de Vrij
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumour Center, Erasmus MC, 3015 CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lars Ravesloot
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Steve J Cramer
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Saw-See Hong
- UMR754-INRA-EPHE, Unit of Viral Infections and Comparative Pathology, University of Lyon, Lyon, 69007, France
| | | | - Pierre Boulanger
- UMR754-INRA-EPHE, Unit of Viral Infections and Comparative Pathology, University of Lyon, Lyon, 69007, France
| | - Rob C Hoeben
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Vogel R, Coumans FAW, Maltesen RG, Böing AN, Bonnington KE, Broekman ML, Broom MF, Buzás EI, Christiansen G, Hajji N, Kristensen SR, Kuehn MJ, Lund SM, Maas SLN, Nieuwland R, Osteikoetxea X, Schnoor R, Scicluna BJ, Shambrook M, de Vrij J, Mann SI, Hill AF, Pedersen S. A standardized method to determine the concentration of extracellular vesicles using tunable resistive pulse sensing. J Extracell Vesicles 2016; 5:31242. [PMID: 27680301 PMCID: PMC5040823 DOI: 10.3402/jev.v5.31242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the pathogenic role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in disease and their potential diagnostic and therapeutic utility is extremely reliant on in-depth quantification, measurement and identification of EV sub-populations. Quantification of EVs has presented several challenges, predominantly due to the small size of vesicles such as exosomes and the availability of various technologies to measure nanosized particles, each technology having its own limitations. MATERIALS AND METHODS A standardized methodology to measure the concentration of extracellular vesicles (EVs) has been developed and tested. The method is based on measuring the EV concentration as a function of a defined size range. Blood plasma EVs are isolated and purified using size exclusion columns (qEV) and consecutively measured with tunable resistive pulse sensing (TRPS). Six independent research groups measured liposome and EV samples with the aim to evaluate the developed methodology. Each group measured identical samples using up to 5 nanopores with 3 repeat measurements per pore. Descriptive statistics and unsupervised multivariate data analysis with principal component analysis (PCA) were used to evaluate reproducibility across the groups and to explore and visualise possible patterns and outliers in EV and liposome data sets. RESULTS PCA revealed good reproducibility within and between laboratories, with few minor outlying samples. Measured mean liposome (not filtered with qEV) and EV (filtered with qEV) concentrations had coefficients of variance of 23.9% and 52.5%, respectively. The increased variance of the EV concentration measurements could be attributed to the use of qEVs and the polydisperse nature of EVs. CONCLUSION The results of this study demonstrate the feasibility of this standardized methodology to facilitate comparable and reproducible EV concentration measurements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Vogel
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.,Izon Science Ltd., Burnside, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Frank A W Coumans
- Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Raluca G Maltesen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Anita N Böing
- Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marike L Broekman
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Edit I Buzás
- Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Najat Hajji
- Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Søren R Kristensen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Meta J Kuehn
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University, Medical Centre, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sigrid M Lund
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Sybren L N Maas
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rienk Nieuwland
- Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Xabier Osteikoetxea
- Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Rosalie Schnoor
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Benjamin J Scicluna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Mitch Shambrook
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Jeroen de Vrij
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Andrew F Hill
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Shona Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Schnoor R, Maas SL, Arkesteijn GJ, de Vrij J, Robe PA, Wauben MH, Hoen ENN', Broekman ML. CBM-14GLIOBLASTOMA CELLS EXPOSED TO 5-ALA RELEASE PROTOPORPHYRIN IX CONTAINING EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES DETECTABLE BY HIGH-RESOLUTION FLOW CYTOMETRY. Neuro Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nov211.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
6
|
de Vrij J, Luider TM, Broekman ML, de Coo R. Extracellular vesicles secreted by brain tumor stem cells are rich in mitochondrial function-associated proteins. Mitochondrion 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2015.07.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
7
|
Huston MW, Mastroberardino PG, de Vrij J, Smeets BH, Wagemaker G, deCoo RI. AAV2-mediated delivery of nucleic acid or protein to the mitochondrial matrix as a treatment for Lebers Hereditary Optic Neuropathy. Mitochondrion 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2015.07.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
8
|
Berghauser Pont LM, Kleijn A, Kloezeman JJ, van den Bossche W, Kaufmann JK, de Vrij J, Leenstra S, Dirven CM, Lamfers ML. The HDAC Inhibitors Scriptaid and LBH589 Combined with the Oncolytic Virus Delta24-RGD Exert Enhanced Anti-Tumor Efficacy in Patient-Derived Glioblastoma Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127058. [PMID: 25993039 PMCID: PMC4436250 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A phase I/II trial for glioblastoma with the oncolytic adenovirus Delta24-RGD was recently completed. Delta24-RGD conditionally replicates in cells with a disrupted retinoblastoma-pathway and enters cells via αvβ3/5 integrins. Glioblastomas are differentially sensitive to Delta24-RGD. HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) affect integrins and share common cell death pathways with Delta24-RGD. We studied the combination treatment effects of HDACi and Delta24-RGD in patient-derived glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSC), and we determined the most effective HDACi. Methods SAHA, Valproic Acid, Scriptaid, MS275 and LBH589 were combined with Delta24-RGD in fourteen distinct GSCs. Synergy was determined by Chou Talalay method. Viral infection and replication were assessed using luciferase and GFP encoding vectors and hexon-titration assays. Coxsackie adenovirus receptor and αvβ3 integrin levels were determined by flow cytometry. Oncolysis and mechanisms of cell death were studied by viability, caspase-3/7, LDH and LC3B/p62, phospho-p70S6K. Toxicity was studied on normal human astrocytes. MGMT promotor methylation status, TCGA classification, Rb-pathway and integrin gene expression levels were assessed as markers of responsiveness. Results Scriptaid and LBH589 acted synergistically with Delta24-RGD in approximately 50% of the GSCs. Both drugs moderately increased αvβ3 integrin levels and viral infection in responding but not in non-responding GSCs. LBH589 moderately increased late viral gene expression, however, virus titration revealed diminished viral progeny production by both HDACi, Scriptaid augmented caspase-3/7 activity, LC3B conversion, p62 and phospho-p70S6K consumption, as well as LDH levels. LBH589 increased LDH and phospho-p70S6K consumption. Responsiveness correlated with expression of various Rb-pathway genes and integrins. Combination treatments induced limited toxicity to human astrocytes. Conclusion LBH589 and Scriptaid combined with Delta24-RGD revealed synergistic anti-tumor activity in a subset of GSCs. Both HDACi moderately augmented viral infection and late gene expression, but slightly reduced progeny production. The drugs differentially activated multiple cell death pathways. The limited toxicity on astrocytes supports further evaluation of the proposed combination therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne Kleijn
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jenneke J. Kloezeman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Johanna K. Kaufmann
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harvey Cushing Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Brigham & Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jeroen de Vrij
- Department of Neurosurgery, Utrecht University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sieger Leenstra
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurosurgery, Elisabeth Hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Clemens M.F. Dirven
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martine L.M. Lamfers
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
de Vrij J, Maas SLN, Kwappenberg KMC, Schnoor R, Kleijn A, Dekker L, Luider TM, de Witte LD, Litjens M, van Strien ME, Hol EM, Kroonen J, Robe PA, Lamfers ML, Schilham MW, Broekman MLD. Glioblastoma-derived extracellular vesicles modify the phenotype of monocytic cells. Int J Cancer 2015; 137:1630-42. [PMID: 25802036 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common primary brain tumor and is without exception lethal. GBMs modify the immune system, which contributes to the aggressive nature of the disease. Particularly, cells of the monocytic lineage, including monocytes, macrophages and microglia, are affected. We investigated the influence of GBM-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) on the phenotype of monocytic cells. Proteomic profiling showed GBM EVs to be enriched with proteins functioning in extracellular matrix interaction and leukocyte migration. GBM EVs appeared to skew the differentiation of peripheral blood-derived monocytes to alternatively activated/M2-type macrophages. This was observed for EVs from an established cell line, as well as for EVs from primary cultures of GBM stem-like cells (GSCs). Unlike EVs of non-GBM origin, GBM EVs induced modified expression of cell surface proteins, modified cytokine secretion (e.g., an increase in vascular endothelial growth factor and IL-6) and increased phagocytic capacity of the macrophages. Most pronounced effects were observed upon incubation with EVs from mesenchymal GSCs. GSC EVs also affected primary human microglia, resulting in increased expression of Membrane type 1-matrix metalloproteinase, a marker for GBM microglia and functioning as tumor-supportive factor. In conclusion, GBM-derived EVs can modify cells of the monocytic lineage, which acquire characteristics that resemble the tumor-supportive phenotypes observed in patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen de Vrij
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neurosciences, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - S L Niek Maas
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neurosciences, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Rosalie Schnoor
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neurosciences, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Kleijn
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lennard Dekker
- Department of Neurology, Brain Tumor Center, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Theo M Luider
- Department of Neurology, Brain Tumor Center, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lot D de Witte
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neurosciences, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Manja Litjens
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neurosciences, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Miriam E van Strien
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neurosciences, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Elly M Hol
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neurosciences, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jerome Kroonen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neurosciences, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Pierre A Robe
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neurosciences, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Martine L Lamfers
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marco W Schilham
- Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Marike L D Broekman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neurosciences, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Maas SLN, de Vrij J, van der Vlist EJ, Geragousian B, van Bloois L, Mastrobattista E, Schiffelers RM, Wauben MHM, Broekman MLD, Nolte-'t Hoen ENM. Possibilities and limitations of current technologies for quantification of biological extracellular vesicles and synthetic mimics. J Control Release 2014; 200:87-96. [PMID: 25555362 PMCID: PMC4324667 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 12/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Nano-sized extracelullar vesicles (EVs) released by various cell types play important roles in a plethora of (patho)physiological processes and are increasingly recognized as biomarkers for disease. In addition, engineered EV and EV-inspired liposomes hold great potential as drug delivery systems. Major technologies developed for high-throughput analysis of individual EV include nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), tunable resistive pulse sensing (tRPS) and high-resolution flow cytometry (hFC). Currently, there is a need for comparative studies on the available technologies to improve standardization of vesicle analysis in diagnostic or therapeutic settings. We investigated the possibilities, limitations and comparability of NTA, tRPS and hFC for analysis of tumor cell-derived EVs and synthetic mimics (i.e. differently sized liposomes). NTA and tRPS instrument settings were identified that significantly affected the quantification of these particles. Furthermore, we detailed the differences in absolute quantification of EVs and liposomes using the three technologies. This study increases our understanding of possibilities and pitfalls of NTA, tRPS and hFC, which will benefit standardized and large-scale clinical application of (engineered) EVs and EV-mimics in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sybren L N Maas
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen de Vrij
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Els J van der Vlist
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Biaina Geragousian
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Louis van Bloois
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Enrico Mastrobattista
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Raymond M Schiffelers
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marca H M Wauben
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Marike L D Broekman
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Esther N M Nolte-'t Hoen
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Balvers RK, Belcaid Z, van den Hengel SK, Kloezeman J, de Vrij J, Wakimoto H, Hoeben RC, Debets R, Leenstra S, Dirven C, Lamfers MLM. Locally-delivered T-cell-derived cellular vehicles efficiently track and deliver adenovirus delta24-RGD to infiltrating glioma. Viruses 2014; 6:3080-96. [PMID: 25118638 PMCID: PMC4147687 DOI: 10.3390/v6083080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic adenoviral vectors are a promising alternative for the treatment of glioblastoma. Recent publications have demonstrated the advantages of shielding viral particles within cellular vehicles (CVs), which can be targeted towards the tumor microenvironment. Here, we studied T-cells, often having a natural capacity to target tumors, for their feasibility as a CV to deliver the oncolytic adenovirus, Delta24-RGD, to glioblastoma. The Jurkat T-cell line was assessed in co-culture with the glioblastoma stem cell (GSC) line, MGG8, for the optimal transfer conditions of Delta24-RGD in vitro. The effect of intraparenchymal and tail vein injections on intratumoral virus distribution and overall survival was addressed in an orthotopic glioma stem cell (GSC)-based xenograft model. Jurkat T-cells were demonstrated to facilitate the amplification and transfer of Delta24-RGD onto GSCs. Delta24-RGD dosing and incubation time were found to influence the migratory ability of T-cells towards GSCs. Injection of Delta24-RGD-loaded T-cells into the brains of GSC-bearing mice led to migration towards the tumor and dispersion of the virus within the tumor core and infiltrative zones. This occurred after injection into the ipsilateral hemisphere, as well as into the non-tumor-bearing hemisphere. We found that T-cell-mediated delivery of Delta24-RGD led to the inhibition of tumor growth compared to non-treated controls, resulting in prolonged survival (p = 0.007). Systemic administration of virus-loaded T-cells resulted in intratumoral viral delivery, albeit at low levels. Based on these findings, we conclude that T-cell-based CVs are a feasible approach to local Delta24-RGD delivery in glioblastoma, although efficient systemic targeting requires further improvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rutger K Balvers
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Erasmus MC, Dr. Molewaterplein 50, Ee2236, 3015GE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Zineb Belcaid
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Erasmus MC, Dr. Molewaterplein 50, Ee2236, 3015GE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Sanne K van den Hengel
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC, The Netherlands.
| | - Jenneke Kloezeman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Erasmus MC, Dr. Molewaterplein 50, Ee2236, 3015GE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Jeroen de Vrij
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Erasmus MC, Dr. Molewaterplein 50, Ee2236, 3015GE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Hiroaki Wakimoto
- Molecular Neurosurgery Laboratory, Brain Tumor Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Rob C Hoeben
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC, The Netherlands.
| | - Reno Debets
- Laboratory of Experimental Tumor Immunology, Department Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, 3015 GE, The Netherlands.
| | - Sieger Leenstra
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Erasmus MC, Dr. Molewaterplein 50, Ee2236, 3015GE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Clemens Dirven
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Erasmus MC, Dr. Molewaterplein 50, Ee2236, 3015GE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Martine L M Lamfers
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Erasmus MC, Dr. Molewaterplein 50, Ee2236, 3015GE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
de Vrij J, Maas SLN, van Nispen M, Sena-Esteves M, Limpens RWA, Koster AJ, Leenstra S, Lamfers ML, Broekman MLD. Quantification of nanosized extracellular membrane vesicles with scanning ion occlusion sensing. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2013; 8:1443-58. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.12.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
|
13
|
van den Hengel SK, de Vrij J, Uil TG, Lamfers ML, Sillevis Smitt PA, Hoeben RC. Truncating the i-leader open reading frame enhances release of human adenovirus type 5 in glioma cells. Virol J 2011; 8:162. [PMID: 21477385 PMCID: PMC3090740 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-8-162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2010] [Accepted: 04/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The survival of glioma patients with the current treatments is poor. Early clinical trails with replicating adenoviruses demonstrated the feasibility and safety of the use of adenoviruses as oncolytic agents. Antitumor efficacy has been moderate due to inefficient virus replication and spread. Previous studies have shown that truncation of the adenovirus i-leader open reading frame enhanced cytopathic activity of HAdV-5 in several tumor cell lines. Here we report the effect of an i-leader mutation on the cytopathic activity in glioma cell lines and in primary high-grade glioma cell cultures. Results A mutation truncating the i-leader open reading frame was created in a molecular clone of replication-competent wild-type HAdV-5 by site-directed mutagenesis. We analyzed the cytopathic activity of this RL-07 mutant virus. A cell-viability assay showed increased cytopathic activity of the RL-07 mutant virus on U251 and SNB19 glioma cell lines. The plaque sizes of RL-07 on U251 monolayers were seven times larger than those of isogenic control viruses. Similarly, the cytopathic activity of the RL-07 viruses was strongly increased in six primary high-grade glioma cell cultures. In glioma cell lines the RL-07 virus was found to be released earlier into the culture medium. This was not due to enhanced viral protein synthesis, as was evident from equivalent E1A, Fiber and Adenovirus Death Protein amounts, nor to higher virus yields. Conclusion The cytopathic activity of replicating adenovirus in glioblastoma cells is increased by truncating the i-leader open reading frame. Such mutations may help enhancing the antitumor cytopathic efficacy of oncolytic adenoviruses in the treatment of glioblastoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanne K van den Hengel
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
de Vrij J, Maas SLN, Hegmans JP, Lamfers ML, Dirven CMF, Broekman MLD. [Exosomes and cancer]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 2011; 155:A3677. [PMID: 22200143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are a subtype of vesicles released by cells of both healthy and neoplastic origin. Preclinical studies suggest a role for tumour-derived exosomes in tumour progression, mainly through the transfer of RNA and proteins from tumour cells to other cells. The transfer of RNA and proteins by tumour-derived exosomes seems to mediate stimulation of angiogenesis and suppression of immune cells; in contrast, exosomes from healthy cells of the immune system appear to have anti-tumour characteristics. Characterisation of the RNA or protein profile of tumour-derived exosomes could have diagnostic or prognostic value, for example, in brain tumours. Anti-tumour therapies could be based on exosomes, for example, by blocking the formation of tumour-derived exosomes or having exosomes release therapeutic agents at specific sites. The most advanced application of this is the use of exosomes from dendritic cells in tumour vaccination; the safety of this has been demonstrated in phase I studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen de Vrij
- Erasmus Medisch Centrum, Afd. Neurochirurgie, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Uil TG, Vellinga J, de Vrij J, van den Hengel SK, Rabelink MJWE, Cramer SJ, Eekels JJM, Ariyurek Y, van Galen M, Hoeben RC. Directed adenovirus evolution using engineered mutator viral polymerases. Nucleic Acids Res 2010; 39:e30. [PMID: 21138963 PMCID: PMC3061072 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkq1258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenoviruses (Ads) are the most frequently used viruses for oncolytic and gene therapy purposes. Most Ad-based vectors have been generated through rational design. Although this led to significant vector improvements, it is often hampered by an insufficient understanding of Ad’s intricate functions and interactions. Here, to evade this issue, we adopted a novel, mutator Ad polymerase-based, ‘accelerated-evolution’ approach that can serve as general method to generate or optimize adenoviral vectors. First, we site specifically substituted Ad polymerase residues located in either the nucleotide binding pocket or the exonuclease domain. This yielded several polymerase mutants that, while fully supportive of viral replication, increased Ad’s intrinsic mutation rate. Mutator activities of these mutants were revealed by performing deep sequencing on pools of replicated viruses. The strongest identified mutators carried replacements of residues implicated in ssDNA binding at the exonuclease active site. Next, we exploited these mutators to generate the genetic diversity required for directed Ad evolution. Using this new forward genetics approach, we isolated viral mutants with improved cytolytic activity. These mutants revealed a common mutation in a splice acceptor site preceding the gene for the adenovirus death protein (ADP). Accordingly, the isolated viruses showed high and untimely expression of ADP, correlating with a severe deregulation of E3 transcript splicing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taco G Uil
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2300 RC, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
de Vrij J, van den Hengel SK, Uil TG, Koppers-Lalic D, Dautzenberg IJC, Stassen OMJA, Bárcena M, Yamamoto M, de Ridder CMA, Kraaij R, Kwappenberg KM, Schilham MW, Hoeben RC. Enhanced transduction of CAR-negative cells by protein IX-gene deleted adenovirus 5 vectors. Virology 2010; 410:192-200. [PMID: 21130482 PMCID: PMC7111976 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2010.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2010] [Revised: 10/13/2010] [Accepted: 10/29/2010] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In human adenoviruses (HAdV), 240 copies of the 14.3-kDa minor capsid protein IX stabilize the capsid. Three N-terminal domains of protein IX form triskelions between hexon capsomers. The C-terminal domains of four protein IX monomers associate near the facet periphery. The precise biological role of protein IX remains enigmatic. Here we show that deletion of the protein IX gene from a HAdV-5 vector enhanced the reporter gene delivery 5 to 25-fold, specifically to Coxsackie and Adenovirus Receptor (CAR)-negative cell lines. Deletion of the protein IX gene also resulted in enhanced activation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The mechanism for the enhanced transduction is obscure. No differences in fiber loading, integrin-dependency of transduction, or factor-X binding could be established between protein IX-containing and protein IX-deficient particles. Our data suggest that protein IX can affect the cell tropism of HAdV-5, and may function to dampen the innate immune responses against HAdV particles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen de Vrij
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
de Vrij J, Willemsen RA, Lindholm L, Hoeben RC, Bangma CH, Barber C, Behr JP, Briggs S, Carlisle R, Cheng WS, Dautzenberg IJC, de Ridder C, Dzojic H, Erbacher P, Essand M, Fisher K, Frazier A, Georgopoulos LJ, Jennings I, Kochanek S, Koppers-Lalic D, Kraaij R, Kreppel F, Magnusson M, Maitland N, Neuberg P, Nugent R, Ogris M, Remy JS, Scaife M, Schenk-Braat E, Schooten E, Seymour L, Slade M, Szyjanowicz P, Totterman T, Uil TG, Ulbrich K, van der Weel L, van Weerden W, Wagner E, Zuber G. Adenovirus-derived vectors for prostate cancer gene therapy. Hum Gene Ther 2010; 21:795-805. [PMID: 19947826 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2009.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a leading cause of death among men in Western countries. Whereas the survival rate approaches 100% for patients with localized cancer, the results of treatment in patients with metastasized prostate cancer at diagnosis are much less successful. The patients are usually presented with a variety of treatment options, but therapeutic interventions in prostate cancer are associated with frequent adverse side effects. Gene therapy and oncolytic virus therapy may constitute new strategies. Already a wide variety of preclinical studies has demonstrated the therapeutic potential of such approaches, with oncolytic prostate-specific adenoviruses as the most prominent vector. The state of the art and future prospects of gene therapy in prostate cancer are reviewed, with a focus on adenoviral vectors. We summarize advances in adenovirus technology for prostate cancer treatment and highlight areas where further developments are necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen de Vrij
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center , 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Uil TG, de Vrij J, Vellinga J, Rabelink MJWE, Cramer SJ, Chan OYA, Pugnali M, Magnusson M, Lindholm L, Boulanger P, Hoeben RC. A lentiviral vector-based adenovirus fiber-pseudotyping approach for expedited functional assessment of candidate retargeted fibers. J Gene Med 2010; 11:990-1004. [PMID: 19757488 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.1395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies aimed at retargeting adenovirus (Ad) rationally focus on genetic modification of fiber, which is the primary receptor-binding protein of Ad. Retargeted fibers ultimately require functional validation in the viral context. METHODS Lentiviral vectors (LV) were used to express fiber variants in cells. Infections with a fiber gene-deleted Ad vector yielded fiber-pseudotyped viruses. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and slot blot-based assays probed target binding-ability of retargeted fibers. Differential treatments with an alkylating agent prior to western blot analysis allowed for examination of intra- and extracellular redox states of fibers. RESULTS In the present study, LV-based fiber-pseudotyping of Ad is presented as an accelerated means to test new fibers. LV-mediated gene transfer yielded stable and uniform populations of fiber variant-expressing cells. These populations were found to effectively support fiber-pseudotyping of Ad. As a secondary objective of the study, we functionally assessed a chimeric fiber harboring a tumor antigen-directed single-chain antibody fragment (scFv). This fiber was shown to trimerize and achieve a degree of binding to its antigenic target. However, its capsid incorporation ability was impaired and, moreover, it was unable to confer a detectable level of target binding upon Ad. Importantly, subsequent analyses of this fiber revealed the improper folding of its scFv constituent. CONCLUSIONS LV-based fiber-pseudotyping was established as a convenient method for testing modified fibers for functionality within Ad particles. Furthermore, a new chimeric fiber was found to be inadequate for Ad retargeting. The folding difficulties encountered for this particular fiber might be generally inherent to the use (i.e. for genetic Ad capsid incorporation) of complex, disulfide bridge-containing natural ligands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taco G Uil
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
To improve safety and specificity of oncolytic adenoviruses, we introduced T-cell receptors (TCR) specific for a unique class of truly tumor-specific antigens into the adenoviral fiber protein. The adenoviral fiber knob responsible for attachment to the coxsackie-adenoviral receptor (CAR) on target cells was replaced by a single-chain TCR (scTCR) molecule with specificity for the melanoma-associated cancer-testis antigen MAGE-A1, presented by HLA-A1, and an extrinsic trimerization motif in a replicating Ad5 vector (Ad5.R1-scTCR). The production of the recombinant virus was initiated in a novel producer cell line that expressed an antibody-based hexon-specific receptor (293T-AdR) in the cell membrane. This new production system allowed CAR-independent and target antigen-independent propagation of Ad5.R1-scTCR. Infection with adenovirus bearing the scTCR-based fiber resulted in an efficient killing of target tumor cells. The infection was cell type specific because only HLA-A1(+)/MAGE-A1(+) melanoma cells were killed, and thus, this retargeting strategy provides a versatile tool for future clinical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Sebestyen
- Tumor Immunology Group, Unit of Clinical and Tumor Immunology, Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus Medical Center-Daniel den Hoed Cancer Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Vellinga J, Uil TG, de Vrij J, Rabelink MJWE, Lindholm L, Hoeben RC. A system for efficient generation of adenovirus protein IX-producing helper cell lines. J Gene Med 2006; 8:147-54. [PMID: 16288495 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The adenovirus 14.3 kDa hexon-associated protein IX (pIX) functions in the viral capsid as 'cement' and assembles the hexons in stable groups-of-nine (GONs). Although viruses lacking pIX do not form GONs, and are less heat-stable than wild-type (wt) viruses, they can be propagated with the same kinetics and yields as the wt viruses. To facilitate 'pseudotyping' of adenoviral vectors we have set up an efficient system for the generation of pIX-producing helper cell lines. METHODS With a lentiviral pIX-expression cassette, monoclonal and polyclonal helper cell lines were generated, which express wt or modified pIX genes at levels equivalent to wt HAdV-5 infected cells. The incorporation efficiency into pIX gene deleted viruses was examined by Western analysis, immuno-affinity electron microscopy, and heat-stability assays. RESULTS Immuno-affinity electron microscopy on viruses lacking the pIX gene demonstrated that more than 96% of the particles contain pIX protein in their capsids after propagation on the pIX-expressing helper cell lines. In addition, the pIX level in the helper cells was sufficient to generate heat-stable particles. Finally, the ratio between pIX and fiber was equivalent to that found in wt particles. The pIX-producing cell lines are very stable, demonstrating that pIX is not toxic to cells. CONCLUSION These data demonstrate that lentivirus vectors can be used for the establishment of pIX-complementing helper cell lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jort Vellinga
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Pijlman GP, de Vrij J, van den End FJ, Vlak JM, Martens DE. Evaluation of baculovirus expression vectors with enhanced stability in continuous cascaded insect-cell bioreactors. Biotechnol Bioeng 2005; 87:743-53. [PMID: 15329932 DOI: 10.1002/bit.20178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Continuous protein production with baculovirus expression vectors in insect-cell bioreactors is characterized by a dramatic drop in heterologous protein production within a few weeks. This is mainly due to the spontaneous deletion of the heterologous gene(s) from the baculovirus genome and/or to the rapid accumulation of defective interfering baculoviruses (DIs). Cell culture experiments with bacmid-derived baculoviruses showed that spontaneous deletions in the foreign bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) sequences readily occurred. These deletions correlated with a low density of baculovirus homologous (repeat) regions (hrs), which are located dispersed throughout the baculovirus genome and are believed to act as origins of viral DNA replication (oris). To test the hypothesis that deletions are more likely to occur in regions with a low ori density, the properties of bacmid-derived baculoviruses with an additional hr in the unstable BAC sequences were compared to the standard bacmid-derived baculovirus in a continuous cascaded insect-cell bioreactor configuration. All viruses were equipped with a green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene and a gene encoding the classical swine fever virus E2 glycoprotein (CSFV-E2). The insertion of an extra hr in the BAC vector led to improved genetic stability of adjacent sequences, resulting in prolonged protein expression. The maintenance of the BAC sequences appeared to be dependent on the orientation of the inserted hr. The advantages of the utilization of hrs to improve the stability of baculovirus expression vectors for the large-scale protein production in insect-cell bioreactors are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gorben P Pijlman
- Wageningen University, Laboratory of Virology, Binnenhaven 11, 6709 PD, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|