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Santa María D Angelo R, Quiceno Osorio JD, Torres Flor A, Perochena Escalante AC. [The crispr / cas9 techniques applied to human genetic enhancement: a biotechnological, anthropological-philosophical and legal dialogue]. Cuad Bioet 2020; 31:343-355. [PMID: 33375801 DOI: 10.30444/cb.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The CRISPR editing method is revolutionary. This technique opens the possibility of countless operations in the genome of living beings. However, the risks are high and, in some cases, unpredictable. Therefore, based on an anthropology that recognizes the human person with an inherent dignity that includes the body, this article intends to propose bases for a regulation capable of facing the challenge of CRISPR, especially, given the possibility of confusing its therapeutic resource with the eugenics, also before the imminent risk of unleashing unforeseen consequences such as mutations, malformations and side effects that could be devastating for human life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Analucía Torres Flor
- Universidad Católica San Pablo de Arequipa. Instituto para el matrimonio y la Familia
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2
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Zhang Y, Wang X, Chang X, Sun M, Zhang Y, Li W, Li Y. Overexpression of germin-like protein GmGLP10 enhances resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in transgenic tobacco. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 497:160-166. [PMID: 29428735 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Germin-like proteins (GLPs) are ubiquitous water-soluble glycoproteins that are located in the extracellular matrix. These proteins have been reported to play vital roles in diverse biological processes. In the present study, a GLP in soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.), GmGLP10, was characterized. Sequence analysis revealed that the GmGLP10 gene (GenBank Accession Number EU916258) encodes a 213-amino acid (aa) protein, which contains a N-terminal signal peptide at 1-22 aa and is highly homologous to the members of the GER2 subfamily. GmGLP10 was highly expressed in the leaves, but very faint in the roots. The expression of GmGLP10 was induced by methyl jasmonate (MeJA), ethylene (ET), salicylic acid (SA), oxalate acid (OA), and the infection of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Overexpression of GmGLP10 in transgenic tobacco significantly enhanced tolerance to OA and S. sclerotiorum infection. Moreover, higher levels of H2O2 and the upregulated expression of a set of plant defense-related genes and HR (hypersensitive response)-associated genes were detected in the transgenic plants. These results suggest that GmGLP10 functions as a positive regulator of resistance to S. sclerotiorum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Education Ministry (Northeastern Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Genetics & Breeding in Chinese Ministry of Agriculture), Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xuesong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Education Ministry (Northeastern Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Genetics & Breeding in Chinese Ministry of Agriculture), Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xingchao Chang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Education Ministry (Northeastern Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Genetics & Breeding in Chinese Ministry of Agriculture), Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Mingyang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Education Ministry (Northeastern Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Genetics & Breeding in Chinese Ministry of Agriculture), Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yanzheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Education Ministry (Northeastern Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Genetics & Breeding in Chinese Ministry of Agriculture), Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Wenbin Li
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Education Ministry (Northeastern Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Genetics & Breeding in Chinese Ministry of Agriculture), Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Yongguang Li
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Education Ministry (Northeastern Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Genetics & Breeding in Chinese Ministry of Agriculture), Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
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3
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Benston S. Everything in moderation, even hype: learning from vaccine controversies to strike a balance with CRISPR. J Med Ethics 2017; 43:819-823. [PMID: 28473627 PMCID: PMC5671368 DOI: 10.1136/medethics-2016-103666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The ease and applicability of CRISPR/Cas9--a new and precise gene editing and reproductive technology--have garnered hype and heightened concern about its potential 'unprecedented and horrific consequences' and have led many scientific leaders to call for a moratorium on its research and use. CRISPR appears distinctly more controversial than previous technological innovations (genetic or otherwise), with a greater reach and speed of human treatment and enhancement; however, we have seen similarly inflated hopes and fears in response to other medical innovations for well over a century. One intervention that has both historically and recently incited alarm--vaccines--serves as a pertinent example of what could go wrong if a technology's reach is shortened due to inflated fears. By comparing the vaccine controversy and the CRISPR debate, we can help separate the hype from the realistic potential of these technologies. How our society grapples with such innovations will determine the extent to which their impact on our individual and collective health will be beneficial. We must recognise the need for a tempered approach to CRISPR conversation leading to regulation and ethical application. Although CRISPR's reach will continue expanding with ongoing research, thus requiring continuous evaluation, the lessons we have learned from the vaccine controversy demonstrate that our approach must not be to shut down regulation and application now, but to thoughtfully conjoin productive debate and action so that therapeutic gene editing can alleviate suffering as soon as possible without precipitating social outcomes we would belatedly deplore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawna Benston
- Center for Research on Ethical, Legal and Social Implications of Psychiatric, Neurologic & Behavioral Genetics, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
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4
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Phanthanawiboon S, Pambudi S, Omokoko MD, Hanabara K, A-Nuegoonpipat A, Kamitani W, Ikuta K, Kurosu T. Construction of a high-yield dengue virus by replacing nonstructural proteins 3-4B without increasing virulence. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 495:1221-1226. [PMID: 29175328 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.11.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Producing virus at high yield is critically important for development of whole virion inactivated vaccines or live attenuated vaccines. Most dengue virus (DENV) clinical isolates, however, replicate at low levels in cultured cells, which limits their use for vaccine development. The present study examined differences between low-replicating DENV clinical isolates and high-replicating laboratory strains with the aim of engineering high-yield DENV clinical isolates. Construction of a series of recombinant chimeric viruses derived from a high-replicating laboratory DENV type 4 (DENV-4) H241 strain and a clinical isolate revealed that the NS3-NS4B region of H241 conferred a replication advantage in cultured cells. Furthermore, northern blot analysis revealed that this advantage was due to more efficient synthesis of viral RNA. Importantly, replacement of the NS3-NS4B region of H241 did not increase virulence in mice, suggesting that viral production can be increased safely. This study provided information that will facilitate engineering of safe and high-yield viruses that can be used for vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supranee Phanthanawiboon
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Sabar Pambudi
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Magot Diata Omokoko
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Keiko Hanabara
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | | | - Wataru Kamitani
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Ikuta
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kurosu
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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Abstract
The genetic engineering of plants offers a revolutionary advance for crop improvement, and the incorporation of transgenes into crop species can impart new traits that would otherwise be difficult to obtain through conventional breeding. Transgenes introduced into plants, however, can only be useful when bred out to field cultivars. As new traits are continually added to further improve transgenic cultivars, clustering new DNA near previously introduced transgenes keep from inflating the number of segregating units that breeders must assemble back into a breeding line. Here we discuss various options to introduce DNA site-specifically into an existing transgenic locus. As food security is becoming a pressing global issue, the old proverb resonates true to this day: "give a man a fish and you feed him for a day; teach a man to fish and you feed him for a lifetime." Hence, we describe a recombinase-mediate gene stacking system designed with freedom to operate, providing an affordable option for crop improvement by less developed countries where food security is most at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqiang Chen
- Plant Gene Engineering Center, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - David W. Ow
- Plant Gene Engineering Center, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, China
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Song HT, Yang YM, Liu DK, Xu XQ, Xiao WJ, Liu ZL, Xia WC, Wang CY, Yu X, Jiang ZB. Construction of recombinant Yarrowia lipolytica and its application in bio-transformation of lignocellulose. Bioengineered 2017; 8:624-629. [PMID: 28282268 PMCID: PMC5639843 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2017.1293219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignocellulose is a polysaccharide and an abundant biomass resource that widely exists in grains, beans, rice, and their by-products. Over 10 million tons of lignocellulose resources and processing products are produced every year in China. Three recombinant Y. lipolytica strains with cellulase (β-glucosidase, endoglucanase and cellobiohydrolase) were constructed. The enzymatic activities of these enzymes were 14.181 U/mL, 16.307 U/mL, and 17.391 U/mL, respectively. The whole cell cellulases were used for a stover bio-transformation. The celluloses in the stover were partly degraded by the cellulases, and the degradation products were transformed into single cell protein (SCP) by the Y. lipolytica cells. After 15 d of fermentation with the whole cell cellulases, the protein content of the maize stover and the rice straw reached 16.23% and 14.75%, which increased by 168.26% and 161.52% compared with the control, respectively. This study provides a new stage for the efficient utilization of stover in the feed industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ting Song
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi-Min Yang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ding-kang Liu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Xu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen-Jing Xiao
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zi-Lu Liu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wu-Cheng Xia
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chao-Ying Wang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zheng-Bing Jiang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
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7
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Sar T, Seker G, Erman AG, Stark BC, Yesilcimen Akbas M. Repeated batch fermentation of immobilized E. coli expressing Vitreoscilla hemoglobin for long-term use. Bioengineered 2017; 8:651-660. [PMID: 28394725 PMCID: PMC5639835 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2017.1303024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study describes an efficient and reusable process for ethanol production from medium containing whey powder, using alginate immobilized ethanologenic E. coli strains either expressing (TS3) or not expressing (FBR5) Vitreoscilla hemoglobin. Reuseabilities of the FBR5 and TS3 strains were investigated regarding their ethanol production capacities over the course of 15 successive 96-h batch fermentations. The ethanol production was fairly stable over the entire duration of the experiment, with strain TS3 maintaining a substantial advantage over strain FBR5. Storage of both strains in 2 different solutions for up to 60 d resulted in only a modest loss of ethanol production, with strain TS3 consistently outperforming strain FBR5 by a substantial amount. Strains stored for 15 or 30 d maintained their abilities to produce ethanol without dimunition over the course of 8 successive batch fermentations; again strain TS3 maintained a substantial advantage over strain FBR5 throughout the entire experiment. Thus, immobilization is a useful strategy to maintain the advantage in ethanol productivity afforded by expression of Vitreoscilla hemoglobin over long periods of time and large numbers of repeated batch fermentations, including, as in this case, using media with food processing wastes as the carbon source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taner Sar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Gebze-Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Gamze Seker
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Gebze-Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Ayse Gokce Erman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Gebze-Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Benjamin C. Stark
- Biology Department, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Meltem Yesilcimen Akbas
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Gebze-Kocaeli, Turkey
- Institute of Biotechnology, Gebze Technical University, Gebze-Kocaeli, Turkey
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8
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Khatodia S, Bhatotia K, Tuteja N. Development of CRISPR/Cas9 mediated virus resistance in agriculturally important crops. Bioengineered 2017; 8:274-279. [PMID: 28581909 PMCID: PMC5470520 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2017.1297347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Clustered regulatory interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR associated nuclease 9 (Cas9) system of targeted genome editing has already revolutionized the plant science research. This is a RNA guided programmable endonuclease based system composed of 2 components, the Cas9 nuclease and an engineered guide RNA targeting any DNA sequence of the form N20-NGG for novel genome editing applications. The CRISPR/Cas9 technology of targeted genome editing has been recently applied for imparting virus resistance in plants. The robustness, wide adaptability, and easy engineering of this system has proved its potential as an antiviral tool for plants. Novel DNA free genome editing by using the preassembled Cas9/gRNA ribonucleoprotein complex for development of virus resistance in any plant species have been prospected for the future. Also, in this review we have discussed the reports of CRISPR/Cas9 mediated virus resistance strategy against geminiviruses by targeting the viral genome and transgene free strategy against RNA viruses by targeting the host plant factors. In conclusion, CRISPR/Cas9 technology will provide a more durable and broad spectrum viral resistance in agriculturally important crops which will eventually lead to public acceptance and commercialization in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surender Khatodia
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana, Gurgaon, India
| | - Kirti Bhatotia
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana, Gurgaon, India
| | - Narendra Tuteja
- Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University, Noida, India
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9
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Marin Viegas VS, Ocampo CG, Petruccelli S. Vacuolar deposition of recombinant proteins in plant vegetative organs as a strategy to increase yields. Bioengineered 2017; 8:203-211. [PMID: 27644793 PMCID: PMC5470515 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2016.1222994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Delivery of recombinant proteins to vegetative tissue vacuoles was considered inconvenient since this compartment was expected to be hydrolytic; nevertheless there is growing evidence that certain foreign proteins accumulate at high yields in vacuoles. For example avidin, cellulolytic enzymes, endolysin, and transglutaminases were produced at high yields when were sorted to leaf central vacuole avoiding the detrimental effect of these proteins on plant growth. Also, several secretory mammalian proteins such as collagen, α1-proteinase inhibitor, complement-5a, interleukin-6 and immunoglobulins accumulated at higher yields in leaf vacuoles than in the apoplast or cytosol. To reach this final destination, fusions to sequence specific vacuolar sorting signals (ssVSS) typical of proteases or proteinase inhibitors and/or Ct-VSS representative of storage proteins or plant lectins were used and both types of motifs were capable to increase accumulation. Importantly, the type of VSSs or position, either the N or C-terminus, did not alter protein stability, levels or pos-translational modifications. Vacuolar sorted glycoproteins had different type of oligosaccharides indicating that foreign proteins reached the vacuole by 2 different pathways: direct transport from the ER, bypassing the Golgi (high mannose oligosaccharides decorated proteins) or trafficking through the Golgi (Complex oligosaccharide containing proteins). In addition, some glycoproteins lacked of paucimannosidic oligosaccharides suggesting that vacuolar trimming of glycans did not occur. Enhanced accumulation of foreign proteins fused to VSS occurred in several plant species such as tobacco, Nicotiana benthamiana, sugarcane, tomato and in carrot and the obtained results were influenced by plant physiological state. Ten different foreign proteins fused to vacuolar sorting accumulated at higher levels than their apoplastic or cytosolic counterparts. For proteins with cytotoxic effects vacuolar sorted forms yields were superior than ER retained variants, but for other proteins the results were the opposite an there were also examples of similar levels for ER and vacuolar variants. In conclusion vacuolar sorting in vegetative tissues is a satisfactory strategy to enhance protein yields that can be used in several plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Soledad Marin Viegas
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos (CIDCA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Carolina Gabriela Ocampo
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos (CIDCA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Silvana Petruccelli
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos (CIDCA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
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10
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Yang W, Wang G, Li J, Bates PD, Wang X, Allen DK. Phospholipase Dζ Enhances Diacylglycerol Flux into Triacylglycerol. Plant Physiol 2017; 174:110-123. [PMID: 28325849 PMCID: PMC5411150 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant seeds are the primary source of triacylglycerols (TAG) for food, feed, fuel, and industrial applications. As TAG is produced from diacylglycerol (DAG), successful engineering strategies to enhance TAG levels have focused on the conversion of DAG to TAG. However, the production of TAG can be limited by flux through the enzymatic reactions that supply DAG. In this study, two Arabidopsis phospholipase Dζ genes (AtPLDζ1 and AtPLDζ2 ) were coexpressed in Camelina sativa to test whether the conversion of phosphatidylcholine to DAG impacts TAG levels in seeds. The resulting transgenic plants produced 2% to 3% more TAG as a component of total seed biomass and had increased 18:3 and 20:1 fatty acid levels relative to wild type. Increased DAG and decreased PC levels were examined through the kinetics of lipid assembly by [14C]acetate and [14C]glycerol incorporation into glycerolipids. [14C]acetate was rapidly incorporated into TAG in both wild-type and overexpression lines, indicating a significant flux of nascent and elongated acyl-CoAs into the sn-3 position of TAG. Stereochemical analysis revealed that newly synthesized fatty acids were preferentially incorporated into the sn-2 position of PC, but the sn-1 position of de novo DAG and indicated similar rates of nascent acyl groups into the Kennedy pathway and acyl editing. [14C]glycerol studies demonstrated PC-derived DAG is the major source of DAG for TAG synthesis in both tissues. The results emphasize that the interconversions of DAG and PC pools can impact oil production and composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Yang
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63132 (W.Y., G.W., J.L., X.W., D.K.A.); USDA-ARS, Plant Genetics Research Unit, St. Louis, Missouri 63132 (W.Y., D.K.A.); Department of Biology, University of Missouri, St. Louis, Missouri 63121 (G.W., X.W.); and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406 (P.D.B.)
| | - Geliang Wang
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63132 (W.Y., G.W., J.L., X.W., D.K.A.); USDA-ARS, Plant Genetics Research Unit, St. Louis, Missouri 63132 (W.Y., D.K.A.); Department of Biology, University of Missouri, St. Louis, Missouri 63121 (G.W., X.W.); and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406 (P.D.B.)
| | - Jia Li
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63132 (W.Y., G.W., J.L., X.W., D.K.A.); USDA-ARS, Plant Genetics Research Unit, St. Louis, Missouri 63132 (W.Y., D.K.A.); Department of Biology, University of Missouri, St. Louis, Missouri 63121 (G.W., X.W.); and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406 (P.D.B.)
| | - Philip D Bates
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63132 (W.Y., G.W., J.L., X.W., D.K.A.); USDA-ARS, Plant Genetics Research Unit, St. Louis, Missouri 63132 (W.Y., D.K.A.); Department of Biology, University of Missouri, St. Louis, Missouri 63121 (G.W., X.W.); and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406 (P.D.B.)
| | - Xuemin Wang
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63132 (W.Y., G.W., J.L., X.W., D.K.A.); USDA-ARS, Plant Genetics Research Unit, St. Louis, Missouri 63132 (W.Y., D.K.A.); Department of Biology, University of Missouri, St. Louis, Missouri 63121 (G.W., X.W.); and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406 (P.D.B.)
| | - Doug K Allen
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63132 (W.Y., G.W., J.L., X.W., D.K.A.); USDA-ARS, Plant Genetics Research Unit, St. Louis, Missouri 63132 (W.Y., D.K.A.); Department of Biology, University of Missouri, St. Louis, Missouri 63121 (G.W., X.W.); and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406 (P.D.B.)
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11
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Abstract
The phenylalanine pathway flux is controlled by two types of regulators, those that are specific to the pathway, as well as by global regulators. In order to demonstrate the importance of these global regulators, we first removed the pathway-specific regulators using all possible combinations of gene knockouts and knockins. We found that genes like aroG fbr performed best individually as well as in combination with other genes, while other genes like tyrA and tyrR worked only in combination with other modifications. Knocking in the tktA gene under a tyrR promoter and knocking out pykF further increased phenylalanine production demonstrating that the supply of precursor via PEP and E4P is also a rate-limiting step. Finally, we tested the role of global regulators on this deregulated pathway and found that Fis overexpression helps in both enhancing and sustaining the flux through this pathway. This work opens up the possibility of using global regulators in synergy with pathway-specific modifications to enhance product yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neetu Tyagi
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Deepti Saini
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Richa Guleria
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
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12
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Wu JZ, Liu Q, Geng XS, Li KM, Luo LJ, Liu JP. Highly efficient mesophyll protoplast isolation and PEG-mediated transient gene expression for rapid and large-scale gene characterization in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz). BMC Biotechnol 2017; 17:29. [PMID: 28292294 PMCID: PMC5351281 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-017-0349-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a major crop extensively cultivated in the tropics as both an important source of calories and a promising source for biofuel production. Although stable gene expression have been used for transgenic breeding and gene function study, a quick, easy and large-scale transformation platform has been in urgent need for gene functional characterization, especially after the cassava full genome was sequenced. METHODS Fully expanded leaves from in vitro plantlets of Manihot esculenta were used to optimize the concentrations of cellulase R-10 and macerozyme R-10 for obtaining protoplasts with the highest yield and viability. Then, the optimum conditions (PEG4000 concentration and transfection time) were determined for cassava protoplast transient gene expression. In addition, the reliability of the established protocol was confirmed for subcellular protein localization. RESULTS In this work we optimized the main influencing factors and developed an efficient mesophyll protoplast isolation and PEG-mediated transient gene expression in cassava. The suitable enzyme digestion system was established with the combination of 1.6% cellulase R-10 and 0.8% macerozyme R-10 for 16 h of digestion in the dark at 25 °C, resulting in the high yield (4.4 × 107 protoplasts/g FW) and vitality (92.6%) of mesophyll protoplasts. The maximum transfection efficiency (70.8%) was obtained with the incubation of the protoplasts/vector DNA mixture with 25% PEG4000 for 10 min. We validated the applicability of the system for studying the subcellular localization of MeSTP7 (an H+/monosaccharide cotransporter) with our transient expression protocol and a heterologous Arabidopsis transient gene expression system. CONCLUSION We optimized the main influencing factors and developed an efficient mesophyll protoplast isolation and transient gene expression in cassava, which will facilitate large-scale characterization of genes and pathways in cassava.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Zheng Wu
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan Province, 570228, China
| | - Qin Liu
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan Province, 570228, China
| | - Xiao-Shan Geng
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan Province, 570228, China
| | - Kai-Mian Li
- The Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan Province, 571101, China
| | - Li-Juan Luo
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan Province, 570228, China.
| | - Jin-Ping Liu
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan Province, 570228, China.
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Eicke S, Seung D, Egli B, Devers EA, Streb S. Increasing the carbohydrate storage capacity of plants by engineering a glycogen-like polymer pool in the cytosol. Metab Eng 2017; 40:23-32. [PMID: 28216105 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2017.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Global demand for higher crop yields and for more efficient utilization of agricultural products will grow over the next decades. Here, we present a new concept for boosting the carbohydrate content of plants, by channeling photosynthetically fixed carbon into a newly engineered glucose polymer pool. We transiently expressed the starch/glycogen synthases from either Saccharomyces cerevisiae or Cyanidioschyzon merolae, together with the starch branching enzyme from C. merolae, in the cytosol of Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. This effectively built a UDP-glucose-dependent glycogen biosynthesis pathway. Glycogen synthesis was observed with Transmission Electron Microscopy, and the polymer structure was further analyzed. Within three days of enzyme expression, glycogen content of the leaf was 5-10 times higher than the starch levels of the control. Further, the leaves produced less starch and sucrose, which are normally the carbohydrate end-products of photosynthesis. We conclude that after enzyme expression, the newly fixed carbohydrates were routed into the new glycogen sink and trapped. Our approach allows carbohydrates to be efficiently stored in a new subcellular compartment, thus increasing the value of vegetative crop tissues for biofuel production or animal feed. The method also opens new potential for increasing the sink strength of heterotrophic tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Eicke
- Institute for Agricultural Sciences, Plant Biochemistry, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David Seung
- Institute for Agricultural Sciences, Plant Biochemistry, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Egli
- Institute for Agricultural Sciences, Plant Biochemistry, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Emanuel A Devers
- Institute for Agricultural Sciences, Plant Biochemistry, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Streb
- Institute for Agricultural Sciences, Plant Biochemistry, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
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14
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Liu X, Li YP, Zhong ZM, Tan HQ, Lin HP, Chen SJ, Fu YC, Xu WC, Wei CJ. Incorporation of Viral Glycoprotein VSV-G Improves the Delivery of DNA by Erythrocyte Ghost into Cells Refractory to Conventional Transfection. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2017; 181:748-761. [PMID: 27665615 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-2246-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to formulate a novel gene delivery system based on the erythrocyte ghost (EG) integrated with fusogenic viral glycoprotein vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein G (VSV-G). VSV-G proteins were harvested as condition medium of Ad293 cells carrying a VSV-G transgene and then incorporated into EG. Plasmid DNA was condensed by various transfection reagents. A luciferase expression construct (pGL3-control) and a DsRed expression cassette (pCMV-DsRed) were used to evaluate the delivery efficiency of DNA/EG/VSV-G complexes. VSV-G proteins could be incorporated into EG in static incubation under acidic conditions as evidenced by the Western blot analysis. Condensed plasmid DNA was bound mostly to the outer surface of EG, which could be detected by electromicroscopy and measured by electrophoresis. EG/VSV-G complexes stimulated the delivery of pGL3-control into Ad293 cells significantly with the luciferase activity increased about 4-fold as compared to that of the control. The delivery of pCMV-DsRed was also enhanced with the percentage of DsRed-positive Ad293 cells increased from 55 % to about 80 %. Moreover, the transfection efficiency in 3T3, HeLa, INS-1, and bone marrow stem cell (BMSC) cells increased about 2-3-fold. Finally, confocal microscopy analysis showed that incorporation of VSV-G significantly enhanced the endocytosis of EG into target cells. In the present study, a novel type of non-viral DNA delivery vehicle consisting of EG and fusogenic VSV-G proteins was formulated, which showed superior transfection efficiency even in cells resistant to classical transfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Multidisciplinary Research Center, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China
| | - Yun-Pan Li
- Multidisciplinary Research Center, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China
| | - Zhen-Min Zhong
- Multidisciplinary Research Center, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China
| | - Hui-Qi Tan
- Multidisciplinary Research Center, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China
| | - Hao-Peng Lin
- Multidisciplinary Research Center, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China
| | - Shao-Jun Chen
- Multidisciplinary Research Center, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China
| | - Yu-Cai Fu
- Laboratory of Cell Senescence, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, China
| | - Wen-Can Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, China
| | - Chi-Ju Wei
- Multidisciplinary Research Center, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China.
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Pieper LA, Strotbek M, Wenger T, Gamer M, Olayioye MA, Hausser A. Secretory pathway optimization of CHO producer cells by co-engineering of the mitosRNA-1978 target genes CerS2 and Tbc1D20. Metab Eng 2017; 40:69-79. [PMID: 28088541 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells are the most commonly used host for the production of biopharmaceuticals. Although transcription and translation engineering strategies have been employed to generate high-producer cell clones, the secretory pathway still remains a bottleneck in cellular productivity. In this study we show that ectopic expression of a human mitochondrial genome-encoded small RNA (mitosRNA-1978) in an IgG expressing CHO cell line strongly improved specific productivity by functioning in a microRNA-like fashion. By next generation sequencing we identified two endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-localized proteins, Ceramide Synthase 2 (CerS2) and the Rab1 GAP Tbc domain family member 20 (Tbc1D20), as target genes of mitosRNA-1978. Combined transient siRNA-mediated knockdown of CerS2 and Tbc1D20 resulted in increased specific productivity of CHO-IgG cells, thus recapitulating the mitosRNA-1978 phenotype. In support of a function in vesicular trafficking at the level of the ER, we provide evidence for altered cellular ceramide composition upon CerS2 knockdown and increased activity of Rab1 in CHO-IgG cells depleted of Tbc1D20. Importantly, in a fed-batch process, the combined stable knockdown of CerS2 and Tbc1D20 in CHO-IgG cells resulted in dramatically increased antibody production which was accompanied by enhanced cell growth. Thus, by identifying mitosRNA-1978 target genes in combination with an informed shRNA-mediated co-engineering approach we successfully optimized the secretory capacity of CHO producer cells used for the manufacturing of therapeutic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Pieper
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Michaela Strotbek
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Till Wenger
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co.KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88400 Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Martin Gamer
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co.KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88400 Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Monilola A Olayioye
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Germany; Stuttgart Research Center Systems Biology, University of Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Angelika Hausser
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Germany; Stuttgart Research Center Systems Biology, University of Stuttgart, Germany.
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16
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Liu Q, Guo Q, Akbar S, Zhi Y, El Tahchy A, Mitchell M, Li Z, Shrestha P, Vanhercke T, Ral J, Liang G, Wang M, White R, Larkin P, Singh S, Petrie J. Genetic enhancement of oil content in potato tuber (Solanum tuberosum L.) through an integrated metabolic engineering strategy. Plant Biotechnol J 2017; 15:56-67. [PMID: 27307093 PMCID: PMC5253471 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Potato tuber is a high yielding food crop known for its high levels of starch accumulation but only negligible levels of triacylglycerol (TAG). In this study, we evaluated the potential for lipid production in potato tubers by simultaneously introducing three transgenes, including WRINKLED 1 (WRI1), DIACYLGLYCEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE 1 (DGAT1) and OLEOSIN under the transcriptional control of tuber-specific (patatin) and constitutive (CaMV-35S) promoters. This coordinated metabolic engineering approach resulted in over a 100-fold increase in TAG accumulation to levels up to 3.3% of tuber dry weight (DW). Phospholipids and galactolipids were also found to be significantly increased in the potato tuber. The increase of lipids in these transgenic tubers was accompanied by a significant reduction in starch content and an increase in soluble sugars. Microscopic examination revealed that starch granules in the transgenic tubers had more irregular shapes and surface indentations when compared with the relatively smooth surfaces of wild-type starch granules. Ultrastructural examination of lipid droplets showed their close proximity to endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria, which may indicate a dynamic interaction with these organelles during the processes of lipid biosynthesis and turnover. Increases in lipid levels were also observed in the transgenic potato leaves, likely due to the constitutive expression of DGAT1 and incomplete tuber specificity of the patatin promoter. This study represents an important proof-of-concept demonstration of oil increase in tubers and provides a model system to further study carbon reallocation during development of nonphotosynthetic underground storage organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation AgricultureBlack MountainACTAustralia
| | - Qigao Guo
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation AgricultureBlack MountainACTAustralia
- College of Horticulture & Landscape ArchitectureSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Sehrish Akbar
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation AgricultureBlack MountainACTAustralia
- National University of Science and Technology (NUST) IslamabadIslamabadPakistan
| | - Yao Zhi
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation AgricultureBlack MountainACTAustralia
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural MicrobiologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Anna El Tahchy
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation AgricultureBlack MountainACTAustralia
| | - Madeline Mitchell
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation AgricultureBlack MountainACTAustralia
| | - Zhongyi Li
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation AgricultureBlack MountainACTAustralia
| | - Pushkar Shrestha
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation AgricultureBlack MountainACTAustralia
| | - Thomas Vanhercke
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation AgricultureBlack MountainACTAustralia
| | - Jean‐Philippe Ral
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation AgricultureBlack MountainACTAustralia
| | - Guolu Liang
- College of Horticulture & Landscape ArchitectureSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Ming‐Bo Wang
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation AgricultureBlack MountainACTAustralia
| | - Rosemary White
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation AgricultureBlack MountainACTAustralia
| | - Philip Larkin
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation AgricultureBlack MountainACTAustralia
| | - Surinder Singh
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation AgricultureBlack MountainACTAustralia
| | - James Petrie
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation AgricultureBlack MountainACTAustralia
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17
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Vanhercke T, Divi UK, El Tahchy A, Liu Q, Mitchell M, Taylor MC, Eastmond PJ, Bryant F, Mechanicos A, Blundell C, Zhi Y, Belide S, Shrestha P, Zhou XR, Ral JP, White RG, Green A, Singh SP, Petrie JR. Step changes in leaf oil accumulation via iterative metabolic engineering. Metab Eng 2017; 39:237-246. [PMID: 27993560 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis and accumulation of plant oils in the entire vegetative biomass offers the potential to deliver yields surpassing those of oilseed crops. However, current levels still fall well short of those typically found in oilseeds. Here we show how transcriptome and biochemical analyses pointed to a futile cycle in a previously established Nicotiana tabacum line, accumulating up to 15% (dry weight) of the storage lipid triacylglycerol in leaf tissue. To overcome this metabolic bottleneck, we either silenced the SDP1 lipase or overexpressed the Arabidopsis thaliana LEC2 transcription factor in this transgenic background. Both strategies independently resulted in the accumulation of 30-33% triacylglycerol in leaf tissues. Our results demonstrate that the combined optimization of de novo fatty acid biosynthesis, storage lipid assembly and lipid turnover in leaf tissue results in a major overhaul of the plant central carbon allocation and lipid metabolism. The resulting further step changes in oil accumulation in the entire plant biomass offers the possibility of delivering yields that outperform current oilseed crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Vanhercke
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, PO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
| | - Uday K Divi
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, PO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Anna El Tahchy
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, PO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Qing Liu
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, PO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Madeline Mitchell
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, PO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Matthew C Taylor
- CSIRO Land and Water, PO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Peter J Eastmond
- Department of Plant Biology and Crop Science, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, United Kingdomna Scholarship Council (CSC
| | - Fiona Bryant
- Department of Plant Biology and Crop Science, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, United Kingdomna Scholarship Council (CSC
| | - Anna Mechanicos
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, PO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Cheryl Blundell
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, PO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Yao Zhi
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, PO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Srinivas Belide
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, PO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Pushkar Shrestha
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, PO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Xue-Rong Zhou
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, PO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Jean-Philippe Ral
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, PO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Rosemary G White
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, PO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Allan Green
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, PO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Surinder P Singh
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, PO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - James R Petrie
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, PO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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18
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19
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Wang B, Kashkooli AB, Sallets A, Ting HM, de Ruijter NCA, Olofsson L, Brodelius P, Pottier M, Boutry M, Bouwmeester H, van der Krol AR. Transient production of artemisinin in Nicotiana benthamiana is boosted by a specific lipid transfer protein from A. annua. Metab Eng 2016; 38:159-169. [PMID: 27421621 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Our lack of full understanding of transport and sequestration of the heterologous products currently limit metabolic engineering in plants for the production of high value terpenes. For instance, although all genes of the artemisinin/arteannuin B (AN/AB) biosynthesis pathway (AN-PW) from Artemisia annua have been identified, ectopic expression of these genes in Nicotiana benthamiana yielded mostly glycosylated pathway intermediates and only very little free (dihydro)artemisinic acid [(DH)AA]. Here we demonstrate that Lipid Transfer Protein 3 (AaLTP3) and the transporter Pleiotropic Drug Resistance 2 (AaPDR2) from A. annua enhance accumulation of (DH)AA in the apoplast of N. benthamiana leaves. Analysis of apoplast and cell content and apoplast exclusion assays show that AaLTP3 and AaPDR2 prevent reflux of (DH)AA from the apoplast back into the cells and enhances overall flux through the pathway. Moreover, AaLTP3 is stabilized in the presence of AN-PW activity and co-expression of AN-PW+AaLTP3+AaPDR2 genes yielded AN and AB in necrotic N. benthamiana leaves at 13 days post-agroinfiltration. This newly discovered function of LTPs opens up new possibilities for the engineering of biosynthesis pathways of high value terpenes in heterologous expression systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Arman Beyraghdar Kashkooli
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Adrienne Sallets
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud, 4-5, Box L7.07.14, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Hieng-Ming Ting
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Norbert C A de Ruijter
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Linda Olofsson
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Linnaeus University, SE-38192 Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Peter Brodelius
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Linnaeus University, SE-38192 Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Mathieu Pottier
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud, 4-5, Box L7.07.14, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Marc Boutry
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud, 4-5, Box L7.07.14, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Harro Bouwmeester
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander R van der Krol
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Ma Y, Yu J, Lin J, Wu S, Li S, Wang J. High Efficient Expression, Purification, and Functional Characterization of Native Human Epidermal Growth Factor in Escherichia coli. Biomed Res Int 2016; 2016:3758941. [PMID: 27766259 PMCID: PMC5059520 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3758941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor (hEGF) is a small, mitotic growth polypeptide that promotes the proliferation of various cells and is widely applied in clinical practices. However, high efficient expression of native hEGF in Escherichia coli has not been successful, since three disulfide bonds in monomer hEGF made it unable to fold into correct 3D structure using in vivo system. To tackle this problem, we fused Mxe GyrA intein (Mxe) at the C-terminal of hEGF followed by small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) and 10x His-tag to construct a chimeric protein hEGF-Mxe-SUMO-H10. The fusion protein was highly expressed at the concentration of 281 mg/L and up to 59.5% of the total cellular soluble proteins. The fusion protein was purified by affinity chromatography and 29.4 mg/L of native hEGF can be released by thiol induced N-terminal cleavage without any proteases. The mitotic activity in Balb/c 3T3 cells is proliferated by commercial and recombinant hEGF measured with methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay which indicated that recombinant hEGF protein stimulates the cell proliferation similar to commercial protein. This study significantly improved the yield and reduced the cost of hEGF in the recombinant E. coli system and could be a better strategy to produce native hEGF for pharmaceutical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ma
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jieying Yu
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jinglian Lin
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shaomin Wu
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shan Li
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jufang Wang
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Bajhaiya AK, Ziehe Moreira J, Pittman JK. Transcriptional Engineering of Microalgae: Prospects for High-Value Chemicals. Trends Biotechnol 2016; 35:95-99. [PMID: 27387061 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae are diverse microorganisms that are of interest as novel sources of metabolites for various industrial, nutritional, and pharmaceutical applications. Recent studies have demonstrated transcriptional engineering of some metabolic pathways. We propose here that transcriptional engineering could be a viable means to manipulate the biosynthesis of specific high-value metabolic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit K Bajhaiya
- Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK; Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Center, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Javiera Ziehe Moreira
- Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Jon K Pittman
- Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.
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22
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Liu JY, Li SD, Sun MH. Transaldolase gene Tal67 enhances the biocontrol activity of Clonostachys rosea 67-1 against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 474:503-508. [PMID: 27130824 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.04.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Clonostachys rosea is a promising biocontrol agent that parasitizes various fungal plant pathogens. In this paper, transaldolase gene Tal67 was found to be greatly upregulated in C. rosea isolate 67-1 during mycoparasitism of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum sclerotia. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed a significant increase in expression at 0-48 h after induction by sclerotia, and the level peaked at 13.9-fold higher than the control at 24 h. Gene disruption led to a decrease in the growth rate of the Tal67-deficient strain ΔTal67 to 5.3 mm/day, which was much lower than the wild type and the complemented strain ΔTal67+ (P < 0.05). The antagonistic activity of ΔTal67 against Botrytis cinerea was 15.8% lower than the wild type, and the parasitic rate to S. sclerotiorum decreased by 24.6%. However, reinsertion of the transaldolase gene recovered the fungicidal activity of C. rosea. The efficacy of the mutants against soybean Sclerotinia stem rot was evaluated in the greenhouse, and the control efficiency of isolate 67-1 reached 65.3%, while the efficiency of the ΔTal67 strain decreased sharply to 17.8%, and the complemented strain ΔTal67+ recovered to 64.8%. These results suggest that Tal67 plays an important role in the growth and biocontrol activity of C. rosea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yu Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shi-Dong Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Man-Hong Sun
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
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23
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Kawashima CG, Guimarães GA, Nogueira SR, MacLean D, Cook DR, Steuernagel B, Baek J, Bouyioukos C, Melo BDVA, Tristão G, de Oliveira JC, Rauscher G, Mittal S, Panichelli L, Bacot K, Johnson E, Iyer G, Tabor G, Wulff BBH, Ward E, Rairdan GJ, Broglie KE, Wu G, van Esse HP, Jones JDG, Brommonschenkel SH. A pigeonpea gene confers resistance to Asian soybean rust in soybean. Nat Biotechnol 2016; 34:661-5. [PMID: 27111723 DOI: 10.1038/nbt.3554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Asian soybean rust (ASR), caused by the fungus Phakopsora pachyrhizi, is one of the most economically important crop diseases, but is only treatable with fungicides, which are becoming less effective owing to the emergence of fungicide resistance. There are no commercial soybean cultivars with durable resistance to P. pachyrhizi, and although soybean resistance loci have been mapped, no resistance genes have been cloned. We report the cloning of a P. pachyrhizi resistance gene CcRpp1 (Cajanus cajan Resistance against Phakopsora pachyrhizi 1) from pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) and show that CcRpp1 confers full resistance to P. pachyrhizi in soybean. Our findings show that legume species related to soybean such as pigeonpea, cowpea, common bean and others could provide a valuable and diverse pool of resistance traits for crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Doug R Cook
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | | | - Jongmin Baek
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | | | | | - Gustavo Tristão
- Dep. de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | | | - Gilda Rauscher
- Agricultural Biotechnology, DuPont-Pioneer, Wilmington, Delaware, USA
| | - Shipra Mittal
- Agricultural Biotechnology, DuPont-Pioneer, Wilmington, Delaware, USA
| | - Lisa Panichelli
- Agricultural Biotechnology, DuPont-Pioneer, Wilmington, Delaware, USA
| | - Karen Bacot
- Agricultural Biotechnology, DuPont-Pioneer, Wilmington, Delaware, USA
| | - Ebony Johnson
- Agricultural Biotechnology, DuPont-Pioneer, Wilmington, Delaware, USA
| | - Geeta Iyer
- Agricultural Biotechnology, DuPont-Pioneer, Wilmington, Delaware, USA
| | - Girma Tabor
- Agricultural Biotechnology, DuPont-Pioneer, Wilmington, Delaware, USA
| | | | - Eric Ward
- 2Blades Foundation, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Gregory J Rairdan
- Agricultural Biotechnology, DuPont-Pioneer, Wilmington, Delaware, USA
| | - Karen E Broglie
- Agricultural Biotechnology, DuPont-Pioneer, Wilmington, Delaware, USA
| | - Gusui Wu
- Agricultural Biotechnology, DuPont-Pioneer, Wilmington, Delaware, USA
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24
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Steuernagel B, Periyannan SK, Hernández-Pinzón I, Witek K, Rouse MN, Yu G, Hatta A, Ayliffe M, Bariana H, Jones JDG, Lagudah ES, Wulff BBH. Rapid cloning of disease-resistance genes in plants using mutagenesis and sequence capture. Nat Biotechnol 2016; 34:652-5. [PMID: 27111722 DOI: 10.1038/nbt.3543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Wild relatives of domesticated crop species harbor multiple, diverse, disease resistance (R) genes that could be used to engineer sustainable disease control. However, breeding R genes into crop lines often requires long breeding timelines of 5-15 years to break linkage between R genes and deleterious alleles (linkage drag). Further, when R genes are bred one at a time into crop lines, the protection that they confer is often overcome within a few seasons by pathogen evolution. If several cloned R genes were available, it would be possible to pyramid R genes in a crop, which might provide more durable resistance. We describe a three-step method (MutRenSeq)-that combines chemical mutagenesis with exome capture and sequencing for rapid R gene cloning. We applied MutRenSeq to clone stem rust resistance genes Sr22 and Sr45 from hexaploid bread wheat. MutRenSeq can be applied to other commercially relevant crops and their relatives, including, for example, pea, bean, barley, oat, rye, rice and maize.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sambasivam K Periyannan
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Agriculture Flagship, Canberra, NSW, Australia
| | | | | | - Matthew N Rouse
- USDA-ARS Cereal Disease Laboratory and Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Asyraf Hatta
- John Innes Centre, Norwich, UK
- Department of Agriculture Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Mick Ayliffe
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Agriculture Flagship, Canberra, NSW, Australia
| | - Harbans Bariana
- University of Sydney, Plant Breeding Institute, Cobbitty, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Evans S Lagudah
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Agriculture Flagship, Canberra, NSW, Australia
| | - Brande B H Wulff
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich, UK
- John Innes Centre, Norwich, UK
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25
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van Rossum HM, Kozak BU, Pronk JT, van Maris AJA. Engineering cytosolic acetyl-coenzyme A supply in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Pathway stoichiometry, free-energy conservation and redox-cofactor balancing. Metab Eng 2016; 36:99-115. [PMID: 27016336 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an important industrial cell factory and an attractive experimental model for evaluating novel metabolic engineering strategies. Many current and potential products of this yeast require acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) as a precursor and pathways towards these products are generally expressed in its cytosol. The native S. cerevisiae pathway for production of cytosolic acetyl-CoA consumes 2 ATP equivalents in the acetyl-CoA synthetase reaction. Catabolism of additional sugar substrate, which may be required to generate this ATP, negatively affects product yields. Here, we review alternative pathways that can be engineered into yeast to optimize supply of cytosolic acetyl-CoA as a precursor for product formation. Particular attention is paid to reaction stoichiometry, free-energy conservation and redox-cofactor balancing of alternative pathways for acetyl-CoA synthesis from glucose. A theoretical analysis of maximally attainable yields on glucose of four compounds (n-butanol, citric acid, palmitic acid and farnesene) showed a strong product dependency of the optimal pathway configuration for acetyl-CoA synthesis. Moreover, this analysis showed that combination of different acetyl-CoA production pathways may be required to achieve optimal product yields. This review underlines that an integral analysis of energy coupling and redox-cofactor balancing in precursor-supply and product-formation pathways is crucial for the design of efficient cell factories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harmen M van Rossum
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 67, 2628 BC Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara U Kozak
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 67, 2628 BC Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Jack T Pronk
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 67, 2628 BC Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Antonius J A van Maris
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 67, 2628 BC Delft, The Netherlands.
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26
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Fu GY, Lu Y, Chi Z, Liu GL, Zhao SF, Jiang H, Chi ZM. Cloning and Characterization of a Pyruvate Carboxylase Gene from Penicillium rubens and Overexpression of the Genein the Yeast Yarrowia lipolytica for Enhanced Citric Acid Production. Mar Biotechnol (NY) 2016; 18:1-14. [PMID: 26470708 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-015-9665-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a pyruvate carboxylase gene (PYC1) from a marine fungus Penicillium rubens I607 was cloned and characterized. ORF of the gene (accession number: KM397349.1) had 3534 bp encoding 1177 amino acids with a molecular weight of 127.531 kDa and a PI of 6.20. The promoter of the gene was located at -1200 bp and contained a TATAA box, several CAAT boxes and a sequence 5'-SYGGRG-3'. The PYC1 deduced from the gene had no signal peptide, was a homotetramer (α4), and had the four functional domains. After expression of the PYC1 gene from the marine fungus in the marine-derived yeast Yarrowia lipolytica SWJ-1b, the transformant PR32 obtained had much higher specific pyruvate carboxylase activity (0.53 U/mg) than Y. lipolytica SWJ-1b (0.07 U/mg), and the PYC1 gene expression (133.8%) and citric acid production (70.2 g/l) by the transformant PR32 were also greatly enhanced compared to those (100 % and 27.3 g/l) by Y. lipolytica SWJ-1b. When glucose concentration in the medium was 60.0 g/l, citric acid (CA) concentration formed by the transformant PR32 was 36.1 g/l, leading to conversion of 62.1% of glucose into CA. During a 10-l fed-batch fermentation, the final concentration of CA was 111.1 ± 1.3 g/l, the yield was 0.93 g/g, the productivity was 0.46 g/l/h, and only 1.72 g/l reducing sugar was left in the fermented medium within 240 h. HPLC analysis showed that most of the fermentation products were CA. However, minor malic acid and other unknown products also existed in the culture.
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Abstract
Because the global amino acid production industry has been growing steadily and is expected to grow even more in the future, efficient production by fermentation is of great importance from economic and sustainability viewpoints. Many systems biology technologies, such as genome breeding, omics analysis, metabolic flux analysis, and metabolic simulation, have been employed for the improvement of amino acid-producing strains of bacteria. Synthetic biological approaches have recently been applied to strain development. It is also important to use sustainable carbon sources, such as glycerol or pyrolytic sugars from cellulosic biomass, instead of conventional carbon sources, such as glucose or sucrose, which can be used as food. Furthermore, reduction of sub-raw substrates has been shown to lead to reduction of environmental burdens and cost. Recently, a new fermentation system for glutamate production under acidic pH was developed to decrease the amount of one sub-raw material, ammonium, for maintenance of culture pH. At the same time, the utilization of fermentation coproducts, such as cells, ammonium sulfate, and fermentation broth, is a useful approach to decrease waste. In this chapter, further perspectives for future amino acid fermentation from one-carbon compounds are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Usuda
- Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co. Inc., 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, 210-8681, Japan.
| | - Yoshihiko Hara
- Research Institute for Bioscience Products & Fine Chemicals, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1 Suzukicho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, 210-8681, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kojima
- Research Institute for Bioscience Products & Fine Chemicals, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1 Suzukicho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, 210-8681, Japan
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28
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Abstract
Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), viz., L-isoleucine, L-leucine, and L-valine, are essential amino acids that cannot be synthesized in higher organisms and are important nutrition for humans as well as livestock. They are also valued as synthetic intermediates for pharmaceuticals. Therefore, the demand for BCAAs in the feed and pharmaceutical industries is increasing continuously. Traditional industrial fermentative production of BCAAs was performed using microorganisms isolated by random mutagenesis. A collection of these classical strains was also scientifically useful to clarify the details of the BCAA biosynthetic pathways, which are tightly regulated by feedback inhibition and transcriptional attenuation. Based on this understanding of the metabolism of BCAAs, it is now possible for us to pursue strains with higher BCAA productivity using rational design and advanced molecular biology techniques. Additionally, systems biology approaches using augmented omics information help us to optimize carbon flux toward BCAA production. Here, we describe the biosynthetic pathways of BCAAs and their regulation and then overview the microorganisms developed for BCAA production. Other chemicals, including isobutanol, i.e., a second-generation biofuel, can be synthesized by branching the BCAA biosynthetic pathways, which are also outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Yamamoto
- Green Earth Institute Co., Ltd, Hongo, Tokyo, Japan
- Green Earth Research Center, Kisarazu, Chiba, Japan
| | - Atsunari Tsuchisaka
- Green Earth Institute Co., Ltd, Hongo, Tokyo, Japan
- Green Earth Research Center, Kisarazu, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hideaki Yukawa
- Green Earth Institute Co., Ltd, Hongo, Tokyo, Japan.
- Green Earth Research Center, Kisarazu, Chiba, Japan.
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29
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ZHAO QC, LIU MH, ZHANG XW, LIN CY, ZHANG Q, SHEN ZC. Generation of insect-resistant and glyphosate-tolerant rice by introduction of a T-DNA containing two Bt insecticidal genes and an EPSPS gene. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2015; 16:824-31. [PMID: 26465130 PMCID: PMC4609534 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1500056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Insect resistance and glyphosate tolerance have been two of the most important traits in the genetic improvement of various crops. In this study, two Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) insecticidal genes, Cry1Ac and Cry1Ig, and a modified glyphosate-tolerant 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) gene (G10) were combined into a single transferred DNA (T-DNA) fragment and introduced into rice by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. A transgenic line with single-copy T-DNA insertion named GAI-14 was found to be highly resistant to striped stem borer and rice leaf roller, and tolerant to glyphosate. Analysis of T-DNA border sequence suggested that the transgenes were inserted at the chromosome 3 and appeared to have not interrupted any known or putative genes. A field trial observed no significant difference in the basic agronomic traits between GAI-14 and the recipient rice.
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30
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Ganesh M, Senthamarai A, Shanmughapriya S, Natarajaseenivasan K. Effective production of low crystallinity Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) by recombinant E. coli strain JM109 using crude glycerol as sole carbon source. Bioresour Technol 2015; 192:677-681. [PMID: 26094193 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Utilization of bio-diesel by-products (glycerol) for microbial polymer production has created a novel biorefinery concept. In the present study, recombinant Escherichia coli JM109 was used for the production of P(3 HB) from glycerol as carbon source. Batch fermentation in a 7.5L bioreactor with the statistically optimized culture condition (pre-treated glycerol: 27.5 g/L and casein hydrolysate: 5.25 g/L) scaled up the P3HB production to 65% (∼ 8 g/L). FTIR, (1)H and (13)C NMR analysis proved the polymer produced to be P(3 HB). Gel permeation chromatography, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) demonstrated the produced P(3 HB) to have high molecular weight (2.84 × 10(6)) and lowered crystallinity (∼ 30%) compared to commercial polymer. Integrating the production efficiency and the thermal characteristics of the polymer produced by recombinant E. coli, the viability and sustainability of biofuels and biopolymers for economic human need could be enhanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Ganesh
- Medical Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Centre for Excellence in Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arivazhagan Senthamarai
- Medical Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Centre for Excellence in Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Santhanam Shanmughapriya
- Medical Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Centre for Excellence in Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kalimuthusamy Natarajaseenivasan
- Medical Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Centre for Excellence in Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Saha BC, Qureshi N, Kennedy GJ, Cotta MA. Enhancement of xylose utilization from corn stover by a recombinant Escherichia coli strain for ethanol production. Bioresour Technol 2015; 190:182-8. [PMID: 25958140 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.04.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Effects of substrate-selective inoculum prepared by growing on glucose, xylose, arabinose, GXA (glucose, xylose, arabinose, 1:1:1) and corn stover hydrolyzate (dilute acid pretreated and enzymatically hydrolyzed, CSH) on ethanol production from CSH by a mixed sugar utilizing recombinant Escherichia coli (strain FBR5) were investigated. The initial ethanol productivity was faster for the seed grown on xylose followed by GXA, CSH, glucose and arabinose. Arabinose grown seed took the longest time to complete the fermentation. Delayed saccharifying enzyme addition in simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of dilute acid pretreated CS by the recombinant E. coli strain FBR5 allowed the fermentation to finish in a shorter time than adding the enzyme simultaneously with xylose grown inoculum. Use of substrate selective inoculum and fermenting pentose sugars first under glucose limited condition helped to alleviate the catabolite repression of the recombinant bacterium on ethanol production from lignocellulosic hydrolyzate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badal C Saha
- Bioenergy Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Peoria, IL 61604, USA(1).
| | - Nasib Qureshi
- Bioenergy Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Peoria, IL 61604, USA(1)
| | - Gregory J Kennedy
- Bioenergy Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Peoria, IL 61604, USA(1)
| | - Michael A Cotta
- Bioenergy Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Peoria, IL 61604, USA(1)
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32
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Valdehuesa KNG, Lee WK, Ramos KRM, Cabulong RB, Choi J, Liu H, Nisola GM, Chung WJ. Identification of aldehyde reductase catalyzing the terminal step for conversion of xylose to butanetriol in engineered Escherichia coli. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2015; 38:1761-72. [PMID: 26048478 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-015-1417-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Biosynthetic pathways for the production of biofuels often rely on inherent aldehyde reductases (ALRs) of the microbial host. These native ALRs play vital roles in the success of the microbial production of 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, and isobutanol. In the present study, the main ALR for 1,2,4-butanetriol (BT) production in Escherichia coli was identified. Results of real-time PCR analysis for ALRs in EWBT305 revealed the increased expression of adhP, fucO, adhE, and yqhD genes during BT production. The highest increase of expression was observed up to four times in yqhD. Singular deletion of adhP, fucO, or adhE gene showed marginal differences in BT production compared to that of the parent strain, EWBT305. Remarkably, yqhD gene deletion (KBTA4 strain) almost completely abolished BT production while its re-introduction (wild-type gene with its native promoter) on a low copy plasmid restored 75 % of BT production (KBTA4-2 strain). This suggests that yqhD gene is the main ALR of the BT pathway. In addition, KBTA4 showed almost no NADPH-dependent ALR activity, but was also restored upon re-introduction of the yqhD gene (KBTA4-2 strain). Therefore, the required ALR activity to complete the BT pathway was mainly contributed by YqhD. Increased gene expression and promiscuity of YqhD were both found essential factors to render YqhD as the key ALR for the BT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kris Niño G Valdehuesa
- Department of Energy Science and Technology (DEST), Energy and Environment Fusion Technology Center (E2FTC), Myongji University, Yongin City, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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33
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Bai B, Zhou JM, Yang MH, Liu YL, Xu XH, Xing JM. Efficient production of succinic acid from macroalgae hydrolysate by metabolically engineered Escherichia coli. Bioresour Technol 2015; 185:56-61. [PMID: 25747879 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.02.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, microbial production of succinic acid from macroalgae (i.e., Laminaria japonica) was investigated for the first time. The engineered Escherichia coli BS002 exhibited higher molar yield of succinic acid on mannitol (1.39±0.01mol/mol) than glucose (1.01±0.05mol/mol). After pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis, L. japonica hydrolysate was mainly glucose (10.31±0.32g/L) and mannitol (10.12±0.17g/L), which was used as the substrate for succinic acid fermentation with the recombinant BS002. A final 17.44±0.54g/L succinic acid was obtained from the hydrolysate after 72h dual-phase fermentation. The yield was as high as 1.24±0.08mol/mol total sugar, which reached 73% of the maximum theoretical yield. The results demonstrate that macroalgae biomass represents a novelty and economical alternative feedstock for biochemicals production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Bai
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Jie-min Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Mao-hua Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Yi-lan Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Xiao-hui Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Jian-min Xing
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China.
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Choon YW, Mohamad MS, Deris S, Illias RM. A hybrid of bees algorithm and flux balance analysis (BAFBA) for the optimisation of microbial strains. INT J DATA MIN BIOIN 2015; 10:225-38. [PMID: 25796740 DOI: 10.1504/ijdmb.2014.064016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The development of microbial production system has become popular in recent years as microbial hosts offer a number of unique advantages for both native and heterologous small-molecules. However, the main drawback is low yield or productivity of the desired products. Optimisation algorithms are implemented in previous works to identify the effects of gene knockout. Nevertheless, the previous works faced performance issue. Thus, a hybrid of Bees Algorithm and Flux Balance Analysis (BAFBA) is proposed in this paper to improve the performance in predicting optimal sets of gene deletion for maximising the growth rate and production yield of certain metabolite. This paper involves two datasets which are E. coli and S. cerevisiae. The list of knockout genes, growth rate and production yield after the deletion are the results from the experiments. BAFBA presents better results compared to the other methods and the identified list may be useful in solving genetic engineering problems.
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Zhou Z, Jiang Y, Wang Z, Gou Z, Lyu J, Li W, Yu Y, Shu L, Zhao Y, Ma Y, Fang C, Shen Y, Liu T, Li C, Li Q, Wu M, Wang M, Wu Y, Dong Y, Wan W, Wang X, Ding Z, Gao Y, Xiang H, Zhu B, Lee SH, Wang W, Tian Z. Resequencing 302 wild and cultivated accessions identifies genes related to domestication and improvement in soybean. Nat Biotechnol 2015; 33:408-14. [PMID: 25643055 DOI: 10.1038/nbt.3096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 619] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Understanding soybean (Glycine max) domestication and improvement at a genetic level is important to inform future efforts to further improve a crop that provides the world's main source of oilseed. We detect 230 selective sweeps and 162 selected copy number variants by analysis of 302 resequenced wild, landrace and improved soybean accessions at >11× depth. A genome-wide association study using these new sequences reveals associations between 10 selected regions and 9 domestication or improvement traits, and identifies 13 previously uncharacterized loci for agronomic traits including oil content, plant height and pubescence form. Combined with previous quantitative trait loci (QTL) information, we find that, of the 230 selected regions, 96 correlate with reported oil QTLs and 21 contain fatty acid biosynthesis genes. Moreover, we observe that some traits and loci are associated with geographical regions, which shows that soybean populations are structured geographically. This study provides resources for genomics-enabled improvements in soybean breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengkui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- 1] State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China. [2] College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiheng Gou
- 1] State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China. [2] University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Weiyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanjun Yu
- Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liping Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Yingjun Zhao
- 1] State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China. [2] University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanming Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Fang
- 1] State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. [2] University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanting Shen
- 1] State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. [2] University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tengfei Liu
- 1] State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. [2] University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Congcong Li
- 1] State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. [2] University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Li
- 1] State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. [2] University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Wang
- 1] State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. [2] University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yunshuai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Wenting Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- 1] State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China. [2] University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoli Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Yuedong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Hui Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Baoge Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Suk-Ha Lee
- Department of Plant Science and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Wen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Zhixi Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Zhou Z, Jiang Y, Wang Z, Gou Z, Lyu J, Li W, Yu Y, Shu L, Zhao Y, Ma Y, Fang C, Shen Y, Liu T, Li C, Li Q, Wu M, Wang M, Wu Y, Dong Y, Wan W, Wang X, Ding Z, Gao Y, Xiang H, Zhu B, Lee SH, Wang W, Tian Z. Resequencing 302 wild and cultivated accessions identifies genes related to domestication and improvement in soybean. Nat Biotechnol 2015. [PMID: 25643055 DOI: 10.1038/nbt.30966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
Understanding soybean (Glycine max) domestication and improvement at a genetic level is important to inform future efforts to further improve a crop that provides the world's main source of oilseed. We detect 230 selective sweeps and 162 selected copy number variants by analysis of 302 resequenced wild, landrace and improved soybean accessions at >11× depth. A genome-wide association study using these new sequences reveals associations between 10 selected regions and 9 domestication or improvement traits, and identifies 13 previously uncharacterized loci for agronomic traits including oil content, plant height and pubescence form. Combined with previous quantitative trait loci (QTL) information, we find that, of the 230 selected regions, 96 correlate with reported oil QTLs and 21 contain fatty acid biosynthesis genes. Moreover, we observe that some traits and loci are associated with geographical regions, which shows that soybean populations are structured geographically. This study provides resources for genomics-enabled improvements in soybean breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengkui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- 1] State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China. [2] College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiheng Gou
- 1] State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China. [2] University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Weiyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanjun Yu
- Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liping Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Yingjun Zhao
- 1] State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China. [2] University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanming Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Fang
- 1] State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. [2] University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanting Shen
- 1] State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. [2] University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tengfei Liu
- 1] State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. [2] University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Congcong Li
- 1] State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. [2] University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Li
- 1] State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. [2] University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Wang
- 1] State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. [2] University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yunshuai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Wenting Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- 1] State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China. [2] University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoli Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Yuedong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Hui Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Baoge Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Suk-Ha Lee
- Department of Plant Science and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Wen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Zhixi Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Wei L, Liu J, Qi H, Wen J. Engineering Scheffersomyces stipitis for fumaric acid production from xylose. Bioresour Technol 2015; 187:246-254. [PMID: 25863201 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.03.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In this work, Scheffersomyces stipitis, the yeast with excellent xylose-utilizing ability, was firstly engineered for fumaric acid production from xylose with the heterologous reductive pathway from Rhizopus oryzae FM19, and 1.86g/L fumaric acid was produced by the initial strain PSRPMF under the oxygen-limited condition. Furthermore, three strategies were performed to improve the fumaric acid production, including increasing the reductive pathway activity by codon optimization, blocking the fumaric acid conversion in tricarboxylic acid cycle by knocking out the native fumarases, and improving the fumaric acid transportation by overexpressing heterologous transporter. Finally, the strain PSYPMFfS was obtained and the fumaric acid titer reached to 4.67g/L, significantly increased by 37.92-fold than that of the control strain PSPYSS. It was indicated that the S. stipitis was a promising platform for fumaric acid production from xylose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China; SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China; SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Haishan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China; SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianping Wen
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China; SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China.
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Hama S, Mizuno S, Kihara M, Tanaka T, Ogino C, Noda H, Kondo A. Production of d-lactic acid from hardwood pulp by mechanical milling followed by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation using metabolically engineered Lactobacillus plantarum. Bioresour Technol 2015; 187:167-172. [PMID: 25846187 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.03.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study focused on the process development for the d-lactic acid production from cellulosic feedstocks using the Lactobacillus plantarum mutant, genetically modified to produce optically pure d-lactic acid from both glucose and xylose. The simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) using delignified hardwood pulp (5-15% loads) resulted in the lactic acid titers of 55.2-84.6g/L after 72h and increased productivities of 1.77-2.61g/L/h. To facilitate the enzymatic saccharification of high-load pulp at a fermentation temperature, short-term (⩽10min) pulverization of pulp was conducted, leading to a significantly improved saccharification with the suppressed formation of formic acid by-product. The short-term milling followed by SSF resulted in a lactic acid titer of 102.3g/L, an optical purity of 99.2%, and a yield of 0.879g/g-sugars without fed-batch process control. Therefore, the process presented here shows promise for the production of high-titer d-lactic acid using the L. plantarum mutant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Hama
- Bio-energy Corporation, Research and Development Laboratory, 2-9-7 Minaminanamatsu, Amagasaki 660-0053, Japan
| | - Shino Mizuno
- Bio-energy Corporation, Research and Development Laboratory, 2-9-7 Minaminanamatsu, Amagasaki 660-0053, Japan
| | - Maki Kihara
- Bio-energy Corporation, Research and Development Laboratory, 2-9-7 Minaminanamatsu, Amagasaki 660-0053, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Tanaka
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Chiaki Ogino
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Hideo Noda
- Bio-energy Corporation, Research and Development Laboratory, 2-9-7 Minaminanamatsu, Amagasaki 660-0053, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kondo
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
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Guo H, Zou S, Liu B, Su R, Huang R, Qi W, Zhang M, He Z. Reducing β-glucosidase supplementation during cellulase recovery using engineered strain for successive lignocellulose bioconversion. Bioresour Technol 2015; 187:362-368. [PMID: 25863900 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.03.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Enzyme recycling by re-adsorption is one of the primary methods for reducing enzyme usage in lignocellulose conversion. This work proposes the combination of an engineered yeast strain that expresses β-glucosidase with enzyme recycling to reduce the amount of supplemented β-glucosidase in enzyme recycling experiments. Using the engineered strain, a slight increase in ethanol concentration was obtained after a 96-h fermentation of pretreated corncobs. Ethanol concentrations increased by 34.7% and 62.7% in the following two recycle rounds using the engineered strain compared with those using its parental strain without β-glucosidase addition. Furthermore, with the addition of β-glucosidase at 30CBU/g cellulose, the ethanol concentration after two recycle rounds exceeded 90% of that observed in the first SSF round with the engineered strain at a high initial cellulase loading of 45FPU/g cellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Shaolan Zou
- Tianjin R&D Center for Petrochemical Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Boshi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Rongxin Su
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Renliang Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wei Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Minhua Zhang
- Tianjin R&D Center for Petrochemical Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Zhimin He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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Li YH, Ou-Yang FY, Yang CH, Li SY. The coupling of glycolysis and the Rubisco-based pathway through the non-oxidative pentose phosphate pathway to achieve low carbon dioxide emission fermentation. Bioresour Technol 2015; 187:189-197. [PMID: 25846189 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.03.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, Rubisco-based engineered Escherichia coli, containing two heterologous enzymes of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) and phosphoribulokinase (PrkA), has been shown to be capable of the in situ recycling of carbon dioxide (CO2) during glycolysis. Two alternative approaches have been proposed to further enhance the carbon flow from glycolysis to a Rubisco-based pathway through the non-oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (NOPPP). The first is achieved by elevating the expression of transketolase I (TktA) and the second by blocking the native oxidation-decarboxylation reaction of E. coli by deleting the zwf gene from the chromosome (designated as JB/pTA and MZB, respectively). Decreases in the CO2 yield and the CO2 evolution per unit mole of ethanol production by at least 81% and 40% are observed. It is demonstrated in this study that the production of one mole of ethanol using E. coli strain MZB, the upper limit of CO2 emission is 0.052mol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Han Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Fan-Yu Ou-Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Han Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Si-Yu Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
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He YC, Zhang DP, Tao ZC, Zhang X, Yang ZX. Discovery of a reductase-producing strain recombinant E. coli CCZU-A13 using colorimetric screening and its whole cell-catalyzed biosynthesis of ethyl (R)-4-chloro-3-hydroxybutanoate. Bioresour Technol 2014; 172:342-348. [PMID: 25277262 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.09.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
An NADH-dependent reductase (SsCR) was discovered by genome data mining. After SsCR was overexpressed in E. coli BL21, recombinant E. coli CCZU-A13 with high reductase activity and excellent stereoselectivity for the reduction of ethyl 4-chloro-3-oxobutanoate (COBE) into ethyl (R)-4-chloro-3-hydroxybutanoate ((R)-CHBE) was screened using one high-throughput colorimetric screening strategy. After the reaction optimization, a highly stereoselective bioreduction of COBE into (R)-CHBE (>99% ee) with the resting cells of E. coli CCZU-A13 was successfully demonstrated in n-butyl acetate-water (10:90, v/v) biphasic system. Biotransformation of 600mM COBE for 8h in the biphasic system, (R)-CHBE (>99% ee) could be obtained in the high yield of 100%. Moreover, the broad substrate specificity in the reduction of aliphatic and aromatic carbonyl compounds was also found. Significantly, E. coli CCZU-A13 shows high potential in the industrial production of (R)-CHBE (>99% ee) and its derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Cai He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou, PR China.
| | - Dan-Ping Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou, PR China
| | - Zhi-Cheng Tao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou, PR China
| | - Xian Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zhen-Xing Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou, PR China
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Kildegaard KR, Hallström BM, Blicher TH, Sonnenschein N, Jensen NB, Sherstyk S, Harrison SJ, Maury J, Herrgård MJ, Juncker AS, Forster J, Nielsen J, Borodina I. Evolution reveals a glutathione-dependent mechanism of 3-hydroxypropionic acid tolerance. Metab Eng 2014; 26:57-66. [PMID: 25263954 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Revised: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Biologically produced 3-hydroxypropionic acid (3 HP) is a potential source for sustainable acrylates and can also find direct use as monomer in the production of biodegradable polymers. For industrial-scale production there is a need for robust cell factories tolerant to high concentration of 3 HP, preferably at low pH. Through adaptive laboratory evolution we selected S. cerevisiae strains with improved tolerance to 3 HP at pH 3.5. Genome sequencing followed by functional analysis identified the causal mutation in SFA1 gene encoding S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione dehydrogenase. Based on our findings, we propose that 3 HP toxicity is mediated by 3-hydroxypropionic aldehyde (reuterin) and that glutathione-dependent reactions are used for reuterin detoxification. The identified molecular response to 3 HP and reuterin may well be a general mechanism for handling resistance to organic acid and aldehydes by living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanchana R Kildegaard
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kogle Allé 6, DK-2970 Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Björn M Hallström
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institution of Technology, Box 1031, SE-171 21 Solna, Sweden
| | - Thomas H Blicher
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3b, DK-2200 Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Nikolaus Sonnenschein
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kogle Allé 6, DK-2970 Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Niels B Jensen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kogle Allé 6, DK-2970 Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Svetlana Sherstyk
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kogle Allé 6, DK-2970 Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Scott J Harrison
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kogle Allé 6, DK-2970 Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Jérôme Maury
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kogle Allé 6, DK-2970 Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Markus J Herrgård
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kogle Allé 6, DK-2970 Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Agnieszka S Juncker
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kogle Allé 6, DK-2970 Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Jochen Forster
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kogle Allé 6, DK-2970 Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Jens Nielsen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kogle Allé 6, DK-2970 Hørsholm, Denmark; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Irina Borodina
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kogle Allé 6, DK-2970 Hørsholm, Denmark.
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Tan D, Wu Q, Chen JC, Chen GQ. Engineering Halomonas TD01 for the low-cost production of polyhydroxyalkanoates. Metab Eng 2014; 26:34-47. [PMID: 25217798 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The halophile Halomonas TD01 and its derivatives have been successfully developed as a low-cost platform for the unsterile and continuous production of chemicals. Therefore, to increase the genetic engineering stability of this platform, the DNA restriction/methylation system of Halomonas TD01 was partially inhibited. In addition, a stable and conjugative plasmid pSEVA341 with a high-copy number was constructed to contain a LacI(q)-Ptrc system for the inducible expression of multiple pathway genes. The Halomonas TD01 platform, was further engineered with its 2-methylcitrate synthase and three PHA depolymerases deleted within the chromosome, resulting in the production of the Halomonas TD08 strain. The overexpression of the threonine synthesis pathway and threonine dehydrogenase made the recombinant Halomonas TD08 able to produce poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) or PHBV consisting of 4-6 mol% 3-hydroxyvalerate or 3 HV, from various carbohydrates as the sole carbon source. The overexpression of the cell division inhibitor MinCD during the cell growth stationary phase in Halomonas TD08 elongated its shape to become at least 1.4-fold longer than its original size, resulting in enhanced PHB accumulation from 69 wt% to 82 wt% in the elongated cells, further promoting gravity-induced cell precipitations that simplify the downstream processing of the biomass. The resulted Halomonas strains contributed to further reducing the PHA production cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Tan
- MOE Key Lab of Bioinformatics, National Engineering Laboratory for Anti-tumor Protein Therapeutics, School of Life Science, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Institute of Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- MOE Key Lab of Bioinformatics, National Engineering Laboratory for Anti-tumor Protein Therapeutics, School of Life Science, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jin-Chun Chen
- MOE Key Lab of Bioinformatics, National Engineering Laboratory for Anti-tumor Protein Therapeutics, School of Life Science, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Chen
- MOE Key Lab of Bioinformatics, National Engineering Laboratory for Anti-tumor Protein Therapeutics, School of Life Science, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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Güell Pelayo F. The post-humanist embryo: genetic manipulation, assisted reproductive technologies and the Principle of Procreative Beneficence. Cuad Bioet 2014; 25:427-443. [PMID: 25684382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Drawing from Julian Savulescu's argument for the obligation to use technological interventions for the enhancement human life, the Principle of Procreative Beneficence (PPB) states that parents have a moral obligation to use available reproductive technologies, including techniques of genetic manipulation, to create children who have the best chance of enjoying the best possible life. The aim of this study is to analyse the extent to which the possibility of using genetic manipulation to promote specific personality traits and thereby enhance human life is actually supported by current scientific knowledge and to determine whether the techniques employed in embryo selection comply with the PPB. In light of this analysis, the importance of involving the scientific community in the enhancement debate will be made clear. Moreover, when current knowledge of genetic and epigenetic processes and evidence of the risks of assisted reproductive technologies are taken into account, we find sufficient reason - even when guided by the PPB - to abstain from the use of current techniques of genetic manipulation and embryonic selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Güell Pelayo
- ICS, Mind-brain: Biology and Subjectivity in Contemporary Philosophy and Neuroscience. Humanities Faculty, Department of Philosophy. Universidad de Navarra, Edificio Bibliotecas, Campus Universitario. Despacho 2951, 31009 Pamplona.
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Hayata K, Asada S, Fujii T, Inoue H, Ishikawa K, Sawayama S. Gene targeting by RNAi-mediated knockdown of potent DNA ligase IV homologue in the cellulase-producing fungus Talaromyces cellulolyticus. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 174:1697-704. [PMID: 25161035 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-1142-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The genome of the cellulase-producing fungus Talaromyces cellulolyticus (formerly Acremonium cellulolyticus) was screened for a potent DNA ligase IV gene (ligD homologue). Homologous recombination efficiency in T. cellulolyticus is very low. Therefore, suppression of a non-homologous end-joining system was attempted to enable specific gene knockouts for molecular breeding. The transcript levels of ligD homologue were 0.037 of those of the parental YP-4 strain in the Li20 transformant carrying the RNAi construct targeting the ligD homologue. Transformation of the hairpin-type RNAi vector into T. cellulolyticus could be useful in fungal gene knockdown experiments. Cellulase production and protein secretion were similar in the parental YP-4 strain and the Li20 transformant. Knockout transformation of ligD homologue using the Li20 transformant led to 23.1 % double crossover gene targeting. Our results suggest that the potent DNA ligase IV gene of T. cellulolyticus is related to non-homologous end joining and that the knockdown of the ligD homologue is useful in gene targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koutarou Hayata
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Oiwake-cho, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
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Landi C, Paciello L, de Alteriis E, Brambilla L, Parascandola P. High cell density culture with S. cerevisiae CEN.PK113-5D for IL-1β production: optimization, modeling, and physiological aspects. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2014; 38:251-61. [PMID: 25106469 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-014-1264-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae CEN.PK113-5D, a strain auxotrophic for uracil belonging to the CEN.PK family of the yeast S. cerevisiae, was cultured in aerated fed-batch reactor as such and once transformed to express human interleukin-1β (IL-1β), aiming at obtaining high cell densities and optimizing IL-1β production. Three different exponentially increasing glucose feeding profiles were tested, all of them "in theory" promoting respiratory metabolism to obtain high biomass/product yield. A non-structured non-segregated model was developed to describe the performance of S. cerevisiae CEN.PK113-5D during the fed-batch process and, in particular, its capability to metabolize simultaneously glucose and ethanol which derived from the precedent batch growth. Our study showed that the proliferative capacity of the yeast population declined along the fed-batch run, as shown by the exponentially decreasing specific growth rates on glucose. Further, a shift towards fermentative metabolism occurred. This shift took place earlier the higher was the feed rate and was more pronounced in the case of the recombinant strain. Determination of some physiological markers (acetate production, intracellular ROS accumulation, catalase activity and cell viability) showed that neither poor oxygenation nor oxidative stress was responsible for the decreased specific growth rate, nor for the shift to fermentative metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Landi
- Dep. Ingegneria Industriale, Università Di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132 Fisciano, 84084, Salerno, Italy
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Ge W, Liu Y, Chen T, Zhang X, Lv L, Jin C, Jiang Y, Shi L, Zhou Y. The epigenetic promotion of osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells by the genetic and chemical blockade of histone demethylase LSD1. Biomaterials 2014; 35:6015-25. [PMID: 24794925 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) are a highly attractive source in bone tissue engineering. It has become increasingly clear that chromatin regulators play an important role in cell fate determination. However, how osteogenic differentiation of hASCs is controlled by epigenetic mechanisms is not fully understood. Here we use genetic tools and chemical inhibitors to modify the epigenetic program of hASCs and identify lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1), a histone demethylase that specifically catalyzes demethylation of di- and mono- methyl histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4me2/1), as a key regulator in osteogenic differentiation of hASCs. Specifically, we demonstrated that genetic depletion of LSD1 with lentiviral strategy for gene knockdown promoted osteogenic differentiation of hASCs by cell studies and xenograft assays. At the molecular level, we found that LSD1 regulates osteogenesis-associated genes expression through its histone demethylase activity. Significantly, we demonstrated LSD1 demethylase inhibitors could efficiently block its catalytic activity and epigenetically boost osteogenic differentiation of hASCs. Altogether, our study defined the functional and biological roles of LSD1 and extensively explored the effects of its enzymatic activity in osteogenic differentiation of hASCs. A better understanding of how LSD1 influences on osteogenesis associated epigenetic events will provide new insights into the modulation of hASCs based cell therapy and improve the development of bone tissue engineering with epigenetic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshu Ge
- Department of General Dentistry II, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China; Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yunsong Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Tong Chen
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Longwei Lv
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chanyuan Jin
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- Department of General Dentistry II, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
| | - Yongsheng Zhou
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China.
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Gnasekaran P, James Antony JJ, Uddain J, Subramaniam S. Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of the recalcitrant Vanda Kasem's Delight orchid with higher efficiency. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:583934. [PMID: 24977213 PMCID: PMC4000978 DOI: 10.1155/2014/583934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The presented study established Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation using protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) for the production of transgenic Vanda Kasem's Delight Tom Boykin (VKD) orchid. Several parameters such as PLB size, immersion period, level of wounding, Agrobacterium density, cocultivation period, and concentration of acetosyringone were tested and quantified using gusA gene expression to optimize the efficiency of Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of VKD's PLBs. Based on the results, 3-4 mm PLBs wounded by scalpel and immersed for 30 minutes in Agrobacterium suspension of 0.8 unit at A 600 nm produced the highest GUS expression. Furthermore, cocultivating infected PLBs for 4 days in the dark on Vacin and Went cocultivation medium containing 200 μM acetosyringone enhanced the GUS expression. PCR analysis of the putative transformants selected in the presence of 250 mg/L cefotaxime and 30 mg/L geneticin proved the presence of wheatwin1, wheatwin2, and nptII genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavallekoodi Gnasekaran
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), 11800 Minden Heights, Penang, Malaysia
| | | | - Jasim Uddain
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), 11800 Minden Heights, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Sreeramanan Subramaniam
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), 11800 Minden Heights, Penang, Malaysia
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Alvarez JM, Ordás RJ. Stable Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of maritime pine based on kanamycin selection. ScientificWorldJournal 2013; 2013:681792. [PMID: 24376383 PMCID: PMC3859213 DOI: 10.1155/2013/681792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 09/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficient transformation protocol based on kanamycin selection was developed for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of maritime pine embryonal masses. The binary vector pBINUbiGUSint, which contained neomycin phosphotransferase II (nptII) as a selectable marker gene and β -glucuronidase (uidA) as a reporter gene, was used for transformation studies. Different factors, such as embryogenic line, bacterial strain, bacterial concentration, and coculture duration, were examined and optimized. For selection of transformants, 15 mgL(-1) kanamycin was used. The highest transformation efficiency (11.4 events per gram of fresh mass) was achieved when a vigorously growing embryonal mass (embryogenic line L01) was cocultivated with Agrobacterium strain AGL1 at the optical density (OD(600 nm)) of 0.3 for 72 h. Evidence of the stable transgene integration was obtained by polymerase chain reaction for the nptII and uidA genes and expression of the uidA gene. Maturation capacity of the transgenic lines was negatively affected by the transformation process. Induction of axillary shoots by preculturing the embryos with benzyladenine allowed overcoming the low maturation rates of some transformed lines. The transgenic embryos were germinated and the axillar shoots were rooted. Transgenic plants were transferred to potting substrate showing normal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M. Alvarez
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Agroforestal, Escuela Politécnica de Mieres, Universidad de Oviedo, Calle Gonzalo Gutiérrez Quirós, 33600 Mieres, Spain
- Department of Plant Biology and Forest Genetics, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7080, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ricardo J. Ordás
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Agroforestal, Escuela Politécnica de Mieres, Universidad de Oviedo, Calle Gonzalo Gutiérrez Quirós, 33600 Mieres, Spain
- Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento BOS, Universidad de Oviedo, Calle Catedrático Rodrigo Uría s/n, 33071 Oviedo, Spain
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Geetha SJ, Joshi SJ. Engineering rhizobial bioinoculants: a strategy to improve iron nutrition. ScientificWorldJournal 2013; 2013:315890. [PMID: 24319357 PMCID: PMC3836376 DOI: 10.1155/2013/315890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Under field conditions, inoculated rhizobial strains are at a survival disadvantage as compared to indigenous strains. In order to out-compete native rhizobia it is not only important to develop strong nodulation efficiency but also increase their competence in the soil and rhizosphere. Competitive survival of the inoculated strain may be improved by employing strain selection and by genetic engineering of superior nitrogen fixing strains. Iron sufficiency is an important factor determining the survival and nodulation by rhizobia in soil. Siderophores, a class of ferric specific ligands that are involved in receptor specific iron transport into bacteria, constitute an important part of iron acquisition systems in rhizobia and have been shown to play a role in symbiosis as well as in saprophytic survival. Soils predominantly have iron bound to hydroxamate siderophores, a pool that is largely unavailable to catecholate-utilizing rhizobia. Outer membrane receptors for uptake of ferric hydroxamates include FhuA and FegA which are specific for ferrichrome siderophore. Increase in nodule occupancy and enhanced plant growth of the fegA and fhuA expressing engineered bioinoculants rhizobial strain have been reported. Engineering rhizobia for developing effective bioinoculants with improved ability to utilize heterologous siderophores could provide them with better iron acquisition ability and consequently, rhizospheric stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. J. Geetha
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 36, Muscat 123, Oman
| | - Sanket J. Joshi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 36, Muscat 123, Oman
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