1
|
Schindler AK, Duke SR, Galloway WB. Co-processing of end-of-life wind turbine blades in portland cement production. Waste Manag 2024; 182:207-214. [PMID: 38670004 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The objective of this paper is to evaluate the feasibility of co-processing wind turbine blade (WTB) material in cement manufacturing to provide an end-of-life means to divert the solid waste of decommissioned WTBs from landfills. Many WTBs consist primarily of glass fiber reinforced thermoset polymers that are difficult to recover or recycle. Portland cement is produced world-wide in large quantities, requiring immense quantities of raw materials (mostly calcium oxide and silicon oxide) and kiln temperatures approaching 1,450 °C. This work contributes analyses of WTB material composition, and predicts the energy provided through the combustible components of the WTBs and raw material contributions provided by incorporating the incombustible components of the WTBs to produce cement. Approximately 40 to 50 % of the WTB material will contribute as fuel to cement production, and approximately 50 to 60 % of the WTB material is expected to be incombustible. One tonne of WTB material can displace approximately 0.4 to 0.5 tonne of coal, while also contributing approximately 0.1 tonne of calcium oxide and 0.3 tonne of silicon oxide as raw material to the cement production process. The glass fiber WTB tested had an average boron content of 4.5 % in the ash. The effects of this high boron content on the cement and its production process should be evaluated. Co-processing WTBs in cement plants will slightly reduce combustion-related CO2 emissions due to avoided calcination. It seems feasible to co-process glass-fiber reinforced WTBs in cement production as WTBs provide suitable raw materials and compatible fuel for this process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anton K Schindler
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Auburn University, 237 Harbert Engineering Center, Auburn, AL 36849-5337, USA.
| | - Steve R Duke
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, 212 Ross Hall, Auburn, AL 36849-5337, USA.
| | - W Braxton Galloway
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, 212 Ross Hall, Auburn, AL 36849-5337, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Birdsall RE, Han D, DeLaney K, Kowalczyk A, Cojocaru R, Lauber M, Huray JL. Monitoring stability indicating impurities and aldehyde content in lipid nanoparticle raw material and formulated drugs. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2024; 1234:124005. [PMID: 38246008 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2024.124005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are designed to protect and transport sensitive payloads or active pharmaceutical ingredients as part of new therapeutic modalities. As a multi-component particle, a high degree of quality control is necessary to ensure raw materials are free of critical impurities that could adversely impact the drug product. In this study, we demonstrate a reversed phase liquid chromatography method hyphenated with a single quadrupole mass spectrometer (RPLC-MS) as an alternative platform to methods that incorporate evaporative light scattering or charged aerosol detectors in the detection and quantitation of critical impurities associated with LNPs. The proposed RPLC-MS method offers an increase of up to 2 orders of magnitude in dynamic range and 3 orders of magnitude in sensitivity in the analysis of impurities associated with LNPs compared to conventional detectors. Access to complementary mass data enabled the detection and identification of stability indicating impurities as part of stress studies carried out on an ionizable lipid. In addition to confirmation of peak identity, complementary mass data was also used to assess residual aldehydes in raw material and formulated LNPs in accordance with regulatory guidance. Following derivatization using 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine, aldehyde content in the ionizable lipid raw material was determined to exceed the reporting threshold of 0.05% in 30% of the test cases. The experimental findings observed in this study demonstrate the utility of the proposed RPLC-MS method in the identification and monitoring of stability-indicating attributes associated with LNPs as part of current Good Manufacturing Practices for improved consumer safety in drug products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Duanduan Han
- Waters Corporation, 34 Maple St. Milford, MA 01757, USA
| | | | - Adam Kowalczyk
- Acuitas Therapeutics, 6190 Agronomy Rd. Suite 405, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Razvan Cojocaru
- Acuitas Therapeutics, 6190 Agronomy Rd. Suite 405, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | | | - Jon Le Huray
- Acuitas Therapeutics, 6190 Agronomy Rd. Suite 405, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Favaretto DPC, Rempel A, Lanzini JR, Silva ACM, Lazzari T, Barbizan LD, Brião VB, Colla LM, Treichel H. Fruit residues as biomass for bioethanol production using enzymatic hydrolysis as pretreatment. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:144. [PMID: 37004675 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03588-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
The commercialization of fruits in markets generates a large amount of waste because they are perishable and have a short shelf life, so, they are discarded. This study aimed to provide a noble end to discarded fruits that have fermentable sugars. Banana, apple, mango and papaya residues were collected from supermarkets and underwent an enzymatic hydrolysis process. The ability of four pectinases, two amylases, one xylanase and one cellulase to release reducing sugars from fruit biomass before fermentation with two yeast strains (S. cerevisiae CAT-1 and S. cerevisiae Angel) for bioethanol production was investigated, obtaining a total of RS (Reducing sugar) of 268.08 mg/mL in banana residues. A fermentation with yeast S. cerevisiae CAT-1 resulted in 98% consumption of RS and the production of a total of 28.02 g/L of ethanol. Furthermore, fermentation with the yeast S. cerevisiae Angel, resulted in 97% RS consumption and 31.87 g/L ethanol production, which was the best result obtained throughout all the tests of hydrolysis, highlighting the banana residue as a promising biomass for the production of bioethanol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danúbia Paula Cadore Favaretto
- University of Passo Fundo, Campus I, km 171, BR 285, P. O. Box 611, Passo Fundo City, Rio Grande do Sul State, 99001-970, Brazil.
| | - Alan Rempel
- University of Passo Fundo, Campus I, km 171, BR 285, P. O. Box 611, Passo Fundo City, Rio Grande do Sul State, 99001-970, Brazil
| | - Julia Roberta Lanzini
- University of Passo Fundo, Campus I, km 171, BR 285, P. O. Box 611, Passo Fundo City, Rio Grande do Sul State, 99001-970, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Mattana Silva
- University of Passo Fundo, Campus I, km 171, BR 285, P. O. Box 611, Passo Fundo City, Rio Grande do Sul State, 99001-970, Brazil
| | - Tauane Lazzari
- University of Passo Fundo, Campus I, km 171, BR 285, P. O. Box 611, Passo Fundo City, Rio Grande do Sul State, 99001-970, Brazil
| | - Luiza Desengrini Barbizan
- University of Passo Fundo, Campus I, km 171, BR 285, P. O. Box 611, Passo Fundo City, Rio Grande do Sul State, 99001-970, Brazil
| | - Vandré Barbosa Brião
- University of Passo Fundo, Campus I, km 171, BR 285, P. O. Box 611, Passo Fundo City, Rio Grande do Sul State, 99001-970, Brazil
| | - Luciane Maria Colla
- University of Passo Fundo, Campus I, km 171, BR 285, P. O. Box 611, Passo Fundo City, Rio Grande do Sul State, 99001-970, Brazil
| | - Helen Treichel
- Federal University of the South Border - Campus Erechim, RS 135, Km 72, Erechim City, Rio Grande do Sul State, 99700-000, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang X, Huang Q, Huang R. Quantitative risk assessment of Bacillus cereus in wet rice noodles from raw material to marketing phase. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14354. [PMID: 36942229 PMCID: PMC10023962 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
From 2018, several foodborne diseases caused by the consumption of wet rice noodles contaminated with microorganisms have attracted the attention of consumers and surveillance departments. We explored the crucial risk factors for the contamination of Bacillus cereus during the various steps of the wet rice noodles production chain (from raw material to marketing phase). A total of 273 samples were collected in each corresponding production phase. The contamination level was quantitatively detected in the samples, and the corresponding temperature and time were recorded and analyzed using @Risk software. The quantitative detection results of raw material were determined as the initial contamination level in the model to predict the final contamination level and assess the key risk factors for B. cereus contamination in wet rice noodles. The model predicted that the final contamination level of B. cereus was in the range of -3.55 to 4.34 log CFU/g in 95% wet rice noodles at the marketing phase. The highest predicted contamination level was 6.28 log CFU/g, and the risk of exceeding the threshold was 0.80%. The model was verified to be valid for R2 > 0.96, and the predicted results could be used for reference. Moreover, the sensitivity analysis revealed that in addition to raw material, the key control factors were buffering temperature in the packaging delivery phase, transporting temperature and time from factory to marketing phase; their correlation coefficients (r) were 0.18, 0.16, and 0.15, respectively. Therefore, manufacturers need to adjust the current predelivery buffering and transporting mode. It is recommended to reduce the predelivery buffering temperature, and refrigerated trucks are preferred to control the proliferation of B. cereus in transported food, thus reducing the occurrence of foodborne diseases and improving the safety of food.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinru Wang
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiong Huang
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
- Corresponding author. School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Rui Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Olguin-Maciel E, Leal-Bautista RM, Alzate-Gaviria L, Domínguez-Maldonado J, Tapia-Tussell R. Environmental impact of Sargassum spp. landings: an evaluation of leachate released from natural decomposition at Mexican Caribbean coast. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:91071-91080. [PMID: 35882736 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22123-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Large volumes of pelagic Sargassum spp. have stranded periodically on the Mexican Caribbean shoreline. The aim of this research was to study the mobility of metals through the leachates released into the environment during the natural decomposition process of Sargassum spp. Fresh Sargassum samples were placed in cone-bed reactors: under laboratory and local environmental conditions. The leachate generated naturally by decomposition in both conditions was recovered periodically and analyses of pH, volume, and metal content were carried out. Sargassum biomass was monitored by electron microscopy, FT-IR, and CHNS analysis. The Sargassum biomass studied presented a C: N ratio of 24.39, making it a potential raw feedstock for biofuels and other value-added products. Calculations performed on leachate production allowed inferring that each ton of fresh Sargassum that decomposes at a controlled temperature of 27 °C can produce 316 L of leachate. This leachate can contain 5.67 g of As and other potentially toxic metals (e.g., B, Al, Cu). At the end of both experiments, the biomass that was incubated for 30 days presented a C: N ratio of 28.86, so it can still be used as raw material for biofuels; however, the Sargassum biomass that remained 180 days in incubation decreased its C:N ratio at 8.45 at this point, it can be considered a waste. The leachate generated during the natural decomposition process of Sargassum on beaches or disposal sites represents a high risk of contamination of the Yucatan Peninsula water system due to the high content of arsenic and the presence of potentially toxic metals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Olguin-Maciel
- Renewable Energy Unit, Yucatan Center for Scientific Research, 97203, Merida, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Raul Tapia-Tussell
- Renewable Energy Unit, Yucatan Center for Scientific Research, 97203, Merida, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jin SK, Kim HS, Kim GD. Optimal raw material formulation to produce pressed pork ham at the least cost. Meat Sci 2021; 176:108460. [PMID: 33618128 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2021.108460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study optimized material use for making pressed pork hams (PPHs) using the least cost formulation program. Based on protein (P) content, different fat (2.5, 3.0, and 4.0P) and moisture (4.0P + 10, 4.0P + 15, 4.0P + 20, and 4.0P + 25) ratios were applied to make PPHs. Total expressible fluid, cooking loss, and purge loss were highest in PPHs formulated with 4.0P + 25 water (P < 0.05). With increasing fat ratio, lightness increased, but redness decreased (P < 0.05). Lipid oxidation was not affected by moisture ratio (P > 0.05). Hardness, gumminess, and adhesiveness decreased with increased fat and moisture (P < 0.05). PPH cost was reduced by fat and moisture. These results suggest that the formulations with 4.0P + 15 moisture, regardless of fat ratio, are recommended for PPHs due to their moderate cost and quality characteristics. In addition, greater cost savings can be expected by further subdividing raw material criteria for industrial applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sang Keun Jin
- Department of Animal Resources Technology, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 52725, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong Sang Kim
- School of Animal Life Convergence Science, Hankyong National University, 327 Jungang-ro, Anseong-si 17579, Republic of Korea.
| | - Gap-Don Kim
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Institutes of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kong Z, Wang X, Wang M, Chai L, Wang X, Liu D, Shen Q. Bacterial ecosystem functioning in organic matter biodegradation of different composting at the thermophilic phase. Bioresour Technol 2020; 317:123990. [PMID: 32799086 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to provide insights into prediction of composting ecological functioning through analyzing the critical bacterial populations and functions. The bacterial ecosystem functioning was essential, and cow dung, chicken manure, mushroom dreg and Chinese medicine residues were used as raw materials to quantify and predict the functioning of bacterial communities through synthetic spike-in standards accompanied Illumina sequencing and PICRUSt. Bacterial community of wheat straw and chicken manure compost (SCM) was similar to mushroom dreg and chicken manure compost (MCM), and Sinibacillus dominated in both treatments with the abundance of 20.73% and 41.36%, respectively. The correlation analysis between bacterial community and fluorescence EEM regional integration parameters showed that Lactobacillus (0.889), Enterococcus (0.888) and Erysipelothri (0.903) were positively correlated with PV, n / PIII, n. The ontology analysis results showed that metabolism, genetic information processing, environmental information processing and cellular processes were the primary functions for bacterial community in all treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhijian Kong
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuanqing Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lifang Chai
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaosong Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dongyang Liu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Qirong Shen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Xu C, Gao L, Zheng M, Qiao L, Cui L, Wang K, Huang D. Short- and medium-chain chlorinated paraffins in commercial rubber track products and raw materials. J Hazard Mater 2019; 380:120854. [PMID: 31279945 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.120854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Short- and medium-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs and MCCPs) in commercial rubber track products and raw materials (rubber granules and adhesives) were investigated by two-dimensional gas chromatography with electron-capture negative-ionization mass spectrometry (GC × GC-ECNI-MS). The mean SCCP and MCCP concentrations in the rubber track products were 3.64 × 103 and 4.14 × 104 μg/g, respectively. The mean SCCP concentration in the products was significantly higher than those in the rubber granules (2.78 μg/g), but in the same order of magnitude as those in the adhesives (3.34 × 103 μg/g). The SCCP concentrations in almost half of the rubber track products and four fifths of the adhesives exceeded the limit (1.5 g/kg) set in Chinese standard GB 36246-2018. The dominant SCCP and MCCP congeners in the rubber track products were similar to those in the relevant adhesives but different from those in the paired granules. Principal component analysis and contribution calculations indicated that chlorinated paraffins (CPs) in adhesives could be the main sources of CPs in rubber track products. The high CP concentrations found in rubber track products are of special concern because of the relatively high exposures for children and negative effect on human health and environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lirong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | | | - Lin Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lili Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kunran Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Di Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Carrillo-Hormaza L, Ramírez AM, Osorio E. Chemometric classification of Garcinia madruno raw material: Impact of the regional origin and ripeness stage of a neotropical exotic species. Food Chem 2019; 293:291-298. [PMID: 31151614 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.04.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Garcinia madruno is a neotropical tree characterized by its exotic fruit and its functional compounds. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression and variability of the chemical markers of G. madruno according to the part of the plant used, the origin and the ripeness stage by applying chemometric tools. A total of 167 samples were evaluated, and 27 compounds were quantified per sample. The expression of amentoflavone, morelloflavone-type biflavonoids and polyisoprenylated benzophenones (PIBs) promoted intergroup differentiation, whereas the expression of GB-2a-type biflavonoids promoted intragroup cluster generation. Epicarp was the main source of biflavonoids and the secondary source of PIBs, with values up to 25% in some individuals. The origin of the fruit significantly impacted the expression of metabolites, whereas the ripeness stage did not. The results indicate that epicarp is a good source of functional compounds and, with appropriately agronomic development, could be improved even more.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Carrillo-Hormaza
- Grupo de Investigación en Sustancias Bioactivas, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Alimentarias, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, 050010 Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Ana M Ramírez
- Grupo de Investigación en Sustancias Bioactivas, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Alimentarias, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, 050010 Medellín, Colombia
| | - Edison Osorio
- Grupo de Investigación en Sustancias Bioactivas, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Alimentarias, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, 050010 Medellín, Colombia.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang JX, Bao LJ, Shi L, Liu LY, Zeng EY. Characterizing PBDEs in fish, poultry, and pig feeds manufactured in China. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:6014-6022. [PMID: 30613888 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-04057-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A total of 53 feeds from 23 brands for four types of animals, i.e., fish, chicken, duck, and pig, as well as six types of raw materials, were bought from Guangxi, Hubei, Anhui, and Guangdong provinces in China and analyzed for polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). The raw materials including super fish meal, ordinary fish meal, poultry ore, soybean, stone powder, and rapeseed were selected because they were added to all the animal feeds manufactured. The occurrence of PBDEs was ubiquitous in the feeds and raw materials, with BDE-209 as the most abundant congener. The average concentration of ∑8PBDE was 1.1 and 0.44 ng g-1 dry weight in feeds (range 0.25-5.7) and raw materials (range 0.27-0.84), respectively. No statistically significant differences in ∑8PBDE concentrations were observed among the four groups of animal feeds. Feeds from Yangzhiyuan Brand (n = 11) contained statistically (p < 0.01) lower ∑8PBDE concentrations than all other brands except for Baoshun Brand. Chicken was selected as a representative animal to assess health risk for human exposure to PBDEs via the consumption of chicken raised by the feeds under investigation. Hazard quotients based on per-capita consumption of chicken were all below 1, indicating low potential risk to humans consuming chicken raised with the feeds. Graphical abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Xin Wang
- School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Key Laboratory of Recreational Fisheries Research, Ministry of Agriculture and Ministry of Agriculture Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risky Assessment for Aquatic Product, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academic of Fishery Science, Guangzhou, 510380, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lian-Jun Bao
- School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Lei Shi
- School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Liang-Ying Liu
- School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Eddy Y Zeng
- School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Li H, Liu W, Tang C, Lei R, Wu X, Gao L, Su G. Emissions of 2,3,7,8-substituted and non-2,3,7,8-substituted polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans from secondary aluminum smelters. Chemosphere 2019; 215:92-100. [PMID: 30316161 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The secondary aluminum smelting industry is an important source of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs). However, the formations and emissions of non-2,3,7,8-PCDD/Fs have rarely been studied. Non-2,3,7,8-PCDD/Fs may also be metabolically toxic to mammalians. In this study, four typical secondary aluminum smelters were selected as demonstration smelters and the composition of the raw material they used was adjusted to investigate the influence on PCDD/F emissions and profiles. In addition to 17 congeners of 2,3,7,8-PCDD/Fs, 64 congeners of non-2,3,7,8-PCDD/Fs were firstly reported. Strong, positive correlations were found between non-2,3,7,8-PCDD/Fs and 2,3,7,8-PCDD/Fs. The concentrations of 2,3,7,8-PCDD/Fs in stack gas and fly ash samples were 120.7-870.4 pg/Nm3 and 13.40-292.9 ng/g, respectively. Those of non-2,3,7,8-PCDD/Fs in the stack gas and fly ash samples were 84.03-1183.7 pg/Nm3 and 7.20-344.7 ng/g, respectively. The raw material composition was a key factor affecting PCDD/F emissions and profiles. An analysis of Gibbs free energies (ΔGf) showed that non-2,3,7,8-PCDD/Fs could be transformed into 2,3,7,8-PCDD/Fs, which would increase the PCDD/F environmental risks. The emission inventories of 2,3,7,8-PCDD/Fs, non-2,3,7,8-PCDD/Fs, and International Toxic Equivalents from Chinese secondary aluminum smelters in 2013 were 8247 g, 7253 g, and 608.6 g, respectively. The results of this study could contribute to potential risk evaluations and effective reduction of non-2,3,7,8-PCDD/Fs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Chen Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Rongrong Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaolin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lirong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guijin Su
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Anacleto SDS, Borges MMC, de Oliveira HL, Vicente AR, de Figueiredo EC, de Oliveira MAL, Borges BJP, de Oliveira MA, Borges WDS, Borges KB. Evaluation of physicochemical properties as supporting information on quality control of raw materials and veterinary pharmaceutical formulations. J Pharm Anal 2018; 8:168-175. [PMID: 29922485 PMCID: PMC6004627 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to show that the physicochemical proprieties obtained by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetry (TG), and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) can be useful tools for evaluating the quality of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and pharmaceutical products. In addition, a simple, sensitive, and efficient method employing HPLC-DAD was developed for simultaneous determination of lidocaine (LID), ciprofloxacin (CFX) and enrofloxacin (EFX) in raw materials and in veterinary pharmaceutical formulations. Compounds were separated using a Gemini C18 (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) Phenomenex® column, at a temperature of 25 °C, with a mobile phase containing 10 mM of phosphoric acid (pH 3.29): acetonitrile (85.7:14.3, v/v) and a flow rate of 1.5 mL/min. Physicochemical characterization by TG, FTIR, and SEM of raw materials of LID, CFX, and EFX provided information useful for the evaluation, differentiation, and qualification of raw materials. Finally, the HPLC method was proved to be useful for evaluation of raw material and finished products, besides satisfying the need for an analytical method that allows simultaneous determination of EFX, CFX, and LID, which can also be extended to other matrices and applications. FTIR, TGA, and SEM are useful tools for the evaluation of the quality of APIs. A RP-HPLC method was developed and validated for the determination of LID, CFX, EFX. The proposed RP-HPLC method showed precise and accurate results in quality control. This method can be applied to the analysis of veterinary pharmaceutical products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara da Silva Anacleto
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Campus Dom Bosco, Praça Dom Helvécio 74, Fábricas, 36301-160 São João del-Rei, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcella Matos Cordeiro Borges
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Campus Dom Bosco, Praça Dom Helvécio 74, Fábricas, 36301-160 São João del-Rei, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Hanna Leijoto de Oliveira
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Campus Dom Bosco, Praça Dom Helvécio 74, Fábricas, 36301-160 São João del-Rei, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Andressa Reis Vicente
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Avenida Fernando Ferrari, 514, Goiabeiras, 29075-910 Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Costa de Figueiredo
- Laboratório de Análise de Toxicantes e Fármacos, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva 700, Centro, 37130-000 Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcone Augusto Leal de Oliveira
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, s/n, 36036-330 Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Juliana Pinheiro Borges
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Avenida Marechal Campos, 1468, Maruípe, 29.043-900 Vitóri, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Antonio de Oliveira
- Centro Universitário Norte do Espírito Santo, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Br 101 Norte, Km 67, São Mateus, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Warley de Souza Borges
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Avenida Fernando Ferrari, 514, Goiabeiras, 29075-910 Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Keyller Bastos Borges
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Campus Dom Bosco, Praça Dom Helvécio 74, Fábricas, 36301-160 São João del-Rei, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Domínguez MT, Madejón P, Madejón E, Diaz MJ. Novel energy crops for Mediterranean contaminated lands: Valorization of Dittrichia viscosa and Silybum marianum biomass by pyrolysis. Chemosphere 2017; 186:968-976. [PMID: 28835005 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.08.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Establishing energy crops could be a cost-efficient alternative towards the valorization of the plant biomass produced in contaminated lands, where they would not compete with food production for land use. Dittrichia viscosa and Silybum marianum are two native Mediterranean species recently identified as potential energy crops for degraded lands. Here, we present the first characterization of the decomposition of the biomass of these species during thermo-chemical conversion (pyrolysis). Using a greenhouse study we evaluated whether the quality of D. viscosa and S. marianum biomass for energy production through pyrolysis could be substantially influenced by the presence of high concentrations of soluble trace element concentrations in the growing substrate. For each species, biomass produced in two different soil types (with contrasted trace element concentrations and pH) had similar elemental composition. Behavior during thermal decomposition, activation energies and concentrations of pyrolysis gases were also similar between both types of soils. Average activation energy values were 295 and 300 kJ mol-1 (for a conversion value of α = 0.5) for S. marianum and D. viscosa, respectively. Results suggest that there were no major effects of soil growing conditions on the properties of the biomass as raw material for pyrolysis, and confirm the interest of these species as energy crops for Mediterranean contaminated lands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María T Domínguez
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS-CSIC), 10 Reina Mercedes Av., 41012 Seville, Spain; Departamento de Cristalografía, Mineralogía y Química Agrícola, Universidad de Sevilla, 1 Prof. García González St., 41012 Seville, Spain.
| | - Paula Madejón
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS-CSIC), 10 Reina Mercedes Av., 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Engracia Madejón
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS-CSIC), 10 Reina Mercedes Av., 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Manuel J Diaz
- PRO2TECS, Department of Chemical Engineering, Huelva University, 21071 Huelva, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Okazaki Y, Ishii D, Ogawa A. Spatial stress distribution analysis by thermoelastic stress measurement and evaluation of effect of stress concentration on durability of various orthopedic implant devices. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2017; 75:34-42. [PMID: 28415470 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Toward the development of highly durable devices, we investigated the effect of the thermoelastic constants of implantable raw metals and the surface stress distribution on the durability of various types of implant device by thermoelastic stress measurement and by evaluating the effect of the stress concentration. Surface stress was dynamically calculated from the bending moment, and the modulus of a section of a device was found to be consistent with the surface stress obtained by thermoelastic stress measurement. The durability limits of various types of bone plate and compression hip screw (CHS) calculated from maximum load vs number of cycles data (L-N data) were close to the notch fatigue strength of the raw material. The concentration factor of an artificial hip stem surface was estimated by comparing the L-N data of the stem and the S-N curve of the raw material. The dynamic analysis of durability by thermoelastic stress measurement is useful for selecting the worst case (a product deteriorating to the most severe state) in medical device design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimitsu Okazaki
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Ishii
- Implant Materials Evaluation Center, JFE Techno-Research Corporation, 1-1 Minamiwataridacho, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0855, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ogawa
- Implant Materials Evaluation Center, JFE Techno-Research Corporation, 1-1 Minamiwataridacho, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0855, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
González I, Barba-Brioso C, Campos P, Romero A, Galán E. Reduction of CO2 diffuse emissions from the traditional ceramic industry by the addition of Si-Al raw material. J Environ Manage 2016; 180:190-196. [PMID: 27233044 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The fabrication of ceramics can produce the emission of several gases, denominated exhaust gases, and also vapours resulting from firing processes, which usually contain metals and toxic substances affecting the environment and the health of workers. Especially harmful are the diffuse emissions of CO2, fluorine, chlorine and sulphur from the ceramics industry, which, in highly industrialized areas, can suppose an important emission focus of dangerous effects. Concerning CO2, factories that use carbonate-rich raw materials (>30% carbonates) can emit high concentrations of CO2 to the atmosphere. Thus, carbonate reduction or substitution with other raw materials would reduce the emissions. In this contribution, we propose the addition of Al-shales to the carbonated ceramic materials (marls) for CO2 emission reduction, also improving the quality of the products. The employed shales are inexpensive materials of large reserves in SW-Spain. The ceramic bodies prepared with the addition of selected Al-shale to marls in variable proportions resulted in a 40%-65% CO2 emission reduction. In addition, this research underlines at the same time that the use of a low-price raw material can also contribute to obtaining products with higher added value.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I González
- Departamento de Cristalografía, Mineralogía y Química Agrícola, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain.
| | - C Barba-Brioso
- Departamento de Cristalografía, Mineralogía y Química Agrícola, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain.
| | - P Campos
- Departamento de Cristalografía, Mineralogía y Química Agrícola, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain.
| | - A Romero
- Departamento de Cristalografía, Mineralogía y Química Agrícola, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain.
| | - E Galán
- Departamento de Cristalografía, Mineralogía y Química Agrícola, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Shi T, Ding W, Kessler DW, De Mas N, Weaver DG, Pathirana C, Martin RD, Mackin NA, Casati M, Miller SA, Pla IA. Investigation of Air-Liquid Interface Rings in Buffer Preparation Vessels: the Role of Slip Agents. PDA J Pharm Sci Technol 2016; 70:272-81. [PMID: 26797969 DOI: 10.5731/pdajpst.2015.005736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Air-liquid interface rings were observed on the side walls of stainless steel buffer vessels after certain downstream buffer preparations. Those rings were resistant to regular cleaning-in-place procedures but could be removed by manual means. To investigate the root cause of this issue, multiple analytical techniques, including liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry detection (LC-MS/MS), high-resolution accurate mass liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy have been employed to characterize the chemical composition of air-liquid interface rings. The main component of air-liquid interface rings was determined to be slip agents, and the origin of the slip agents can be traced back to their presence on raw material packaging liners. Slip agents are commonly used in plastic industry as additives to reduce the coefficient of friction during the manufacturing process of thin films. To mitigate this air-liquid interface ring issue, an alternate liner with low slip agent was identified and implemented with minimal additional cost. We have also proactively tested the packaging liners of other raw materials currently used in our downstream buffer preparation to ensure slip agent levels are appropriate. LAY ABSTRACT Air-liquid interface rings were observed on the side walls of stainless steel buffer vessels after certain downstream buffer preparations. To investigate the root cause of this issue, multiple analytical techniques have been employed to characterize the chemical composition of air-liquid interface rings. The main components of air-liquid interface rings were determined to be slip agents, which are common additives used in the manufacturing process of thin films. The origin of the slip agents can be traced back to their presence on certain raw material packaging liners. To mitigate this air-liquid interface ring issue, an alternate liner with low slip agent was identified and implemented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Shi
- Manufacturing Sciences & Technology, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Devens, MA;
| | - Wei Ding
- Analytical and Bioanalytical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Donald W Kessler
- Manufacturing Sciences & Technology, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Devens, MA
| | - Nuria De Mas
- Manufacturing Sciences & Technology, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Devens, MA
| | - Douglas G Weaver
- Global Quality Operations, Bristol-Myers Squibb, East Syracuse, NY
| | - Charles Pathirana
- Analytical and Bioanalytical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Russell D Martin
- Global Quality Operations, Bristol-Myers Squibb, East Syracuse, NY
| | - Nancy A Mackin
- Manufacturing Sciences & Technology, Bristol-Myers Squibb, East Syracuse, NY; and
| | - Michael Casati
- Global Procurement Biologics Sourcing, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Devens, MA
| | - Scott A Miller
- Analytical and Bioanalytical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Itzcoatl A Pla
- Manufacturing Sciences & Technology, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Devens, MA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
Because the global amino acid production industry has been growing steadily and is expected to grow even more in the future, efficient production by fermentation is of great importance from economic and sustainability viewpoints. Many systems biology technologies, such as genome breeding, omics analysis, metabolic flux analysis, and metabolic simulation, have been employed for the improvement of amino acid-producing strains of bacteria. Synthetic biological approaches have recently been applied to strain development. It is also important to use sustainable carbon sources, such as glycerol or pyrolytic sugars from cellulosic biomass, instead of conventional carbon sources, such as glucose or sucrose, which can be used as food. Furthermore, reduction of sub-raw substrates has been shown to lead to reduction of environmental burdens and cost. Recently, a new fermentation system for glutamate production under acidic pH was developed to decrease the amount of one sub-raw material, ammonium, for maintenance of culture pH. At the same time, the utilization of fermentation coproducts, such as cells, ammonium sulfate, and fermentation broth, is a useful approach to decrease waste. In this chapter, further perspectives for future amino acid fermentation from one-carbon compounds are described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Usuda
- Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co. Inc., 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, 210-8681, Japan.
| | - Yoshihiko Hara
- Research Institute for Bioscience Products & Fine Chemicals, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1 Suzukicho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, 210-8681, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kojima
- Research Institute for Bioscience Products & Fine Chemicals, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1 Suzukicho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, 210-8681, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Bigga G, Schoch WH, Urban B. Paleoenvironment and possibilities of plant exploitation in the Middle Pleistocene of Schöningen (Germany). Insights from botanical macro-remains and pollen. J Hum Evol 2015; 89:92-104. [PMID: 26596728 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Revised: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Plant use is an elusive issue in Paleolithic archaeology. Due to poor organic preservation in many sites, botanical material is not always present. The sediments in Schöningen, however, contain abundant botanical macro-remains like wood, fruits, seeds, and other parts of plants which offer the opportunity to reconstruct the local vegetation. Combined with palynological results, it is possible to reveal the full potential of this environment to hominins. Ethnobotanical studies of hunter-gatherer societies living in similar environments illustrate the importance of plants for subsistence purposes. The identified taxa from the archaeological horizons at Schöningen include a broad spectrum of potentially exploitable species that could be sources of food, raw material, and firewood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerlinde Bigga
- Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Rümelinstr. 23, 72070 Tübingen, Germany; Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoecology, University of Tübingen, Rümelinstr. 23, 72070 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Werner H Schoch
- Laboratory for Quaternary Wood Research, Langnau a.A., Switzerland
| | - Brigitte Urban
- Institute of Ecology, LEUPHANA University Lüneburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Chen J, Xu J, Wang K, Cao X, Sun R. Cellulose acetate fibers prepared from different raw materials with rapid synthesis method. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 137:685-692. [PMID: 26686180 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Transesterification is a mild process to prepare cellulose acetate (CA) as compared with the traditional method. In this study, CA fibers were produced from six cellulose raw materials based on a simple and rapid transesterification method. The properties of the CA solutions and the obtained CA fibers were investigated in detail. Results showed that all of the cellulose raw materials were esterified within 15 min, and spinning dopes could be obtained by concentrating the CA solutions via vacuum distillation. The XRD, FT-IR, (1)H, (13)C and HSQC NMR analysis confirmed the successful synthesis of CA. The degree of substitution (DS) of the obtained CA was significantly affected by the degree of polymerization (DP) of cellulose raw materials, which further influenced the viscosity of CA solutions as well as the structural, thermal and mechanical properties of the CA fibers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinghuan Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jikun Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xuefei Cao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Runcang Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Tall ML, Lehmann S, Diouf E, Gérard C, Filali S, Gabelle A, Hirtz C, Gabert L, Sauvinet V, Pirot F, Pivot C. [Injectable preparation of labeled leucine with the carbon 13 for a clinical research program on the Alzheimer disease: pharmaceutical control of raw materials and the finished product and stability study]. Ann Pharm Fr 2015; 73:43-59. [PMID: 25577016 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharma.2014.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The L-leucine labeled (L-[U-(13)C] Leu) is a stable isotopic tracer administered by parenteral route within the framework of a new clinical research program concerning the diagnosis of the Alzheimer's disease. To meet regulatory requirements and have ready to use solution with an expiration date, a pharmaceutical control of raw materials and the finished product followed by a stability study were realised. MATERIALS AND METHOD After the pharmaceutical control of raw materials, the solution of L-[U-(13)C] Leu was prepared according to the good practices preparation. Prepared bottles were stored for 1 year of a share in a climatic chamber (25 °C±2 °C) and the other in a refrigerator (5 °C±3 °C). To assess stability, the physicochemical controls (pH, osmolality, sub-visible particles, L-[U-(13)C] Leu concentration, sodium concentration, isotopic enrichment) and microbiological (bacterial endotoxin and sterility) were performed at regular intervals for 1 year. RESULTS Neither significant decrease of L-[U-(13)C] Leu concentration and sodium concentration nor pH and osmolality variation were observed for 1 year. Isotopic enrichment higher than 99.9% reflected the stability of labelling of L-leucine molecule. The sub-visible particles, the bacterial endotoxin and sterility were in accordance with the European pharmacopoeia attesting limpidity, apyrogenicity and sterility of this injectable preparation. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The injectable preparation of L-[U-(13)C] Leu was stable after 1 year for two preservation conditions, ensuring to safety for administration for human within the framework of this clinical research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M L Tall
- Service pharmaceutique, groupement hospitalier Édouard-Herriot, 5, place d'Arsonval, 69437 Lyon cedex 03, France.
| | - S Lehmann
- Laboratoire de biochimie - protéomique clinique, hôpital St-Éloi, centre hospitalo universitaire de Montpellier, 80, avenue Augustin-Fliche, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - E Diouf
- Service pharmaceutique, groupement hospitalier Édouard-Herriot, 5, place d'Arsonval, 69437 Lyon cedex 03, France
| | - C Gérard
- Service pharmaceutique, groupement hospitalier Édouard-Herriot, 5, place d'Arsonval, 69437 Lyon cedex 03, France
| | - S Filali
- Service pharmaceutique, groupement hospitalier Édouard-Herriot, 5, place d'Arsonval, 69437 Lyon cedex 03, France
| | - A Gabelle
- Laboratoire de biochimie - protéomique clinique, hôpital St-Éloi, centre hospitalo universitaire de Montpellier, 80, avenue Augustin-Fliche, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - C Hirtz
- Laboratoire de biochimie - protéomique clinique, hôpital St-Éloi, centre hospitalo universitaire de Montpellier, 80, avenue Augustin-Fliche, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - L Gabert
- Centre de recherche en nutrition humaine, Rhône-Alpes & centre européen nutrition santé, groupement hospitalier Sud, 165, chemin du Grand-Revoyet, 69495 Pierre-Bénite cedex, France
| | - V Sauvinet
- Centre de recherche en nutrition humaine, Rhône-Alpes & centre européen nutrition santé, groupement hospitalier Sud, 165, chemin du Grand-Revoyet, 69495 Pierre-Bénite cedex, France
| | - F Pirot
- Service pharmaceutique, groupement hospitalier Édouard-Herriot, 5, place d'Arsonval, 69437 Lyon cedex 03, France; Laboratoire de recherche et développement de pharmacie galénique industrielle, faculté de pharmacie, EA 4169 « fonctions physiologiques et pathologiques de la barrière cutanée », université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, 8, avenue Rockefeller, 69373 Lyon cedex 08, France
| | - C Pivot
- Service pharmaceutique, groupement hospitalier Édouard-Herriot, 5, place d'Arsonval, 69437 Lyon cedex 03, France
| |
Collapse
|