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Rodriguez GC, Kauderer J, Hunn J, Thaete LG, Watkin WG, Russell S, Yozwiak M, Basil J, Hurteau J, Lele S, Modesitt SC, Zivanovic O, Zhang HH, Bartels PH, Alberts DS. Phase II Trial of Chemopreventive Effects of Levonorgestrel on Ovarian and Fallopian Tube Epithelium in Women at High Risk for Ovarian Cancer: An NRG Oncology Group/GOG Study. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2019; 12:401-412. [PMID: 31015198 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-18-0383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A large body of epidemiologic evidence has shown that use of progestin-containing preparations lowers ovarian cancer risk. The purpose of the current study was to gather further preclinical evidence supporting progestins as cancer chemopreventives by demonstrating progestin-activation of surrogate endpoint biomarkers pertinent to cancer prevention in the genital tract of women at increased risk of ovarian cancer. There were 64 women enrolled in a multi-institutional randomized trial who chose to undergo risk-reducing bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO) and to receive the progestin levonorgestrel or placebo for 4 to 6 weeks prior to undergoing BSO. The ovarian and fallopian tube epithelia (FTE) were compared immunohistochemically for effects of levonorgestrel on apoptosis (primary endpoint). Secondary endpoints included TGFβ isoform expression, proliferation, and karyometric features of nuclear abnormality. In both the ovary and fallopian tube, levonorgestrel did not confer significant changes in apoptosis or expression of the TGFβ1, 2, or 3 isoforms. In the ovarian epithelium, treatment with levonorgestrel significantly decreased the proliferation index. The mean ovarian Ki-67 value in the placebo arm was 2.027 per 100 cells versus 0.775 per 100 cells in the levonorgestrel arm (two-sided P value via Mann-Whitney U test = 0.0114). The karyometric signature of nuclei in both the ovarian and FTE deviated significantly from normal controls (women at average risk of ovarian cancer), but was significantly less abnormal in women treated with levonorgestrel. These karyometric data further support the idea that progestins may clear genetically abnormal cells and act as chemopreventive agents against ovarian and fallopian tube cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo C Rodriguez
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - James Kauderer
- NRG Oncology, Clinical trial Development Division, Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute; Buffalo, New York
| | - Jessica Hunn
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Larry G Thaete
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - William G Watkin
- Department of Pathology, NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, Illinois.,Department of Pathology, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Samantha Russell
- Cancer Prevention and Control, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Michael Yozwiak
- Cancer Prevention and Control, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Phoenix, Arizona
| | | | - Jean Hurteau
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Shashikant Lele
- Gynecologic Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Susan C Modesitt
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Oliver Zivanovic
- Gynecologic Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Hao Helen Zhang
- Department of Mathematics, University of Arizona, Department of Mathematics, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Peter H Bartels
- Department of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Optical Sciences, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - David S Alberts
- Cancer Prevention and Control, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Phoenix, Arizona
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Rodriguez GC, Turbov J, Rosales R, Yoo J, Hunn J, Zappia KJ, Lund K, Barry CP, Rodriguez IV, Pike JW, Conrads TP, Darcy KM, Maxwell GL, Hamilton CA, Syed V, Thaete LG. Progestins inhibit calcitriol-induced CYP24A1 and synergistically inhibit ovarian cancer cell viability: An opportunity for chemoprevention. Gynecol Oncol 2016; 143:159-167. [PMID: 27106018 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2016.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Previously we have shown in endometrial cells that progesterone (P4) and calcitriol (CAL, 1,25(OH)2D3) synergistically promote apoptosis and that progestins induce expression of the vitamin D receptor. In the current study we examined the progestin/vitamin D combination in ovarian cells and searched for other progestin-related effects on vitamin D metabolism that may underlie the novel interaction between progestins and vitamin D, including whether progestins inhibit CYP24A1, the enzyme that renders CAL inactive. METHODS We investigated the impact of P4 on CAL-induced CYP24A1 expression in cancer cell lines expressing progesterone receptors (PRs), [OVCAR-5, OVCAR-3-PGR (PR-transfected OVCAR-3 ovarian line), and T47D-WT, T47D-A and T47D-B (breast lines expressing PRs or individual PR isoforms)] or lines that do not express PRs (OVCAR-3 and T47D-Y). We examined CYP24A1 expression using RT-PCR and western blotting, and apoptosis by TUNEL. We also investigated P4 inhibition of Cyp24a1 in ovaries from CAL-treated mice. RESULTS CAL treatment induced CYP24A1 expression. When co-treated with P4, cell lines expressing PRs showed marked inhibition of CYP24A1 expression (p<0.001), along with increased apoptosis (p<0.01); cells not expressing PRs did not. Mouse ovaries showed a significant reduction in CAL-induced Cyp24a1 mRNA (p<0.001) and protein (p<0.01) in response to P4. CONCLUSIONS We show for the first time that progestins and vitamin D synergistically reduce cell viability and induce apoptosis in ovarian cells and that progestins PR-dependently inhibit CAL-induced CYP24A1, thus extending CAL activity. The combination of progestins and vitamin D deserves further consideration as a strategy for inhibiting ovarian carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo C Rodriguez
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, United States; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.
| | - Jane Turbov
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Rebecca Rosales
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Jennifer Yoo
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Jessica Hunn
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, United States; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Katherine J Zappia
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Kaarin Lund
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Catherine P Barry
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Isabel V Rodriguez
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - J Wesley Pike
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Thomas P Conrads
- Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, Annandale, VA, United States; Inova Schar Cancer Institute, Inova Center for Personalized Health, 3300 Gallows Road, Falls Church, VA, United States
| | - Kathleen M Darcy
- Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, Annandale, VA, United States; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Inova Medical Campus, Falls Church, VA, United States
| | - George Larry Maxwell
- Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, Annandale, VA, United States; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, VA, United States; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Inova Medical Campus, Falls Church, VA, United States
| | - Chad A Hamilton
- Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, Annandale, VA, United States; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States; Gynecologic Oncology Service, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Viqar Syed
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States; Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Larry G Thaete
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, United States; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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Ezewuiro O, Grushko TA, Kocherginsky M, Habis M, Hurteau JA, Mills KA, Hunn J, Olopade OI, Fleming GF, Romero IL. Association of Metformin Use with Outcomes in Advanced Endometrial Cancer Treated with Chemotherapy. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147145. [PMID: 26788855 PMCID: PMC4720394 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that metformin, a commonly used treatment for diabetes, might have the potential to be repurposed as an economical and safe cancer therapeutic. The aim of this study was to determine whether stage III-IV or recurrent endometrial cancer patients who are using metformin during treatment with chemotherapy have improved survival. To test this we analyzed a retrospective cohort of subjects at two independent institutions who received chemotherapy for stage III-IV or recurrent endometrial cancer from 1992 to 2011. Diagnosis of diabetes, metformin use, demographics, endometrial cancer clinico-pathologic parameters, and survival duration were abstracted. The primary outcome was overall survival. The final cohort included 349 patients, 31 (8.9%) had diabetes and used metformin, 28 (8.0%) had diabetes but did not use metformin, and 291 (83.4%) did not have diabetes. The results demonstrate that the median overall survival was 45.6 months for patients with diabetes who used metformin compared to 12.5 months for patients with diabetes who did not use metformin and 28.5 months for patients without diabetes (log-rank test comparing the three groups P = 0.006). In a model adjusted for confounders, the difference in survival between the three groups remained statistically significant (P = 0.023). The improvement in survival among metformin users was not explained by better baseline health status or more aggressive use of chemotherapy. Overall, the findings in this retrospective cohort of endometrial cancer patients with stage III-IV or recurrent disease treated with chemotherapy indicate that patients with diabetes who were concurrently treated with metformin survived longer than patients with diabetes who did not use metformin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Obiageli Ezewuiro
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Tatyana A. Grushko
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Masha Kocherginsky
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Mohammed Habis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gordon Center for Integrative Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Jean A. Hurteau
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NorthShore University Health System, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Kathryn A. Mills
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gordon Center for Integrative Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Jessica Hunn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gordon Center for Integrative Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | | | - Gini F. Fleming
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Iris L. Romero
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gordon Center for Integrative Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
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Hunn J, Tenney ME, Tergas AI, Bishop EA, Moore K, Watkin W, Kirschner C, Hurteau J, Rodriguez GC, Lengyel E, Lee NK, Yamada SD. Patterns and utility of routine surveillance in high grade endometrial cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2015; 137:485-9. [PMID: 25838164 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2015.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate surveillance methods and their utility in detecting recurrence of disease in a high grade endometrial cancer population. METHODS We performed a multi-institutional retrospective chart review of women diagnosed with high grade endometrial cancer between the years 2000 and 2011. Surveillance data was abstracted and analyzed. Surveillance method leading to detection of recurrence was identified and compared by stage of disease and site of recurrence. RESULTS Two hundred and fifty-four patients met the criteria for inclusion. Vaginal cytology was performed in the majority of early stage patients, but was utilized less in advanced stage patients. CA-125 and CT imaging were used more frequently in advanced stage patients compared to early stage. Thirty-six percent of patients experienced a recurrence and the majority of initial recurrences (76%) had a distant component. Modalities that detected cancer recurrences were: symptoms (56%), physical exam (18%), surveillance CT (15%), CA-125 (10%), and vaginal cytology (1%). All local recurrences were detected by symptoms or physical exam findings. While the majority of loco-regional and distant recurrences (68%) were detected by symptoms or physical exam, 28% were detected by surveillance CT scan or CA 125. One loco-regional recurrence was identified by vaginal cytology but no recurrences with a distant component detected by this modality. CONCLUSIONS Symptoms and physical examination identify the majority of high grade endometrial cancer recurrences, while vaginal cytology is the least likely surveillance modality to identify a recurrence. The role of CT and CA-125 surveillance outside of a clinical trial needs to be further reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Hunn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Section of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Meaghan E Tenney
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Section of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ana I Tergas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Section of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Erin A Bishop
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Kathleen Moore
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - William Watkin
- Department of Pathology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Carolyn Kirschner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Jean Hurteau
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Gustavo C Rodriguez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Ernst Lengyel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Section of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nita K Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Section of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - S Diane Yamada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Section of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Hunn J, Tenney M, Puglisi A, Diaz E, Maxwell G, Kirschner C, Hurteau J, Rodriguez G. A dose-dense paclitaxel and carboplatin regimen is highly active in the treatment of recurrent and advanced endometrial cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2014.03.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Ezewuiro OC, Habis MI, Kocherginsky M, Hunn J, Olopade OI, Grushko TA, Romero IL, Fleming GF. A retrospective analysis of the relationship between diabetes, metformin use, and survival in advanced endometrial cancer patients treated with chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2014.32.15_suppl.5607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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7
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Hunn J, Tenney M, Bishop E, Moore K, Tergas A, Lengyel E, Lee N, Yamada S. Utility of routine surveillance methods in detecting recurrence in high grade endometrial cancer patients. Gynecol Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2012.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Baker W, Baker A, Hunn J, Soisson A, Dodson M, Janat-Amsbury M. Keyhole limpet hemocyanin enhances radiation-induced double-strand DNA breaks in breast cancer cells in vivo. Gynecol Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2012.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Suvkhanov A, Hunn J, Wu W, Thomson D, Price K, Parikh N, Irene E, Davis RF, Krasnobaev L. Doping of GaN by Ion Implantation: Does it Work? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1557/proc-512-475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTEpitaxially grown GaN by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) on SiC were implanted with 100 keV Si+ (for n-type) and 80 keV Mg+ (for p-type) with various fluences from 1×1012 to 7×1015 ions/cm2 at liquid nitrogen temperature (LT), room temperature (RT), and 700 °C (HT). High temperature (1200 °C and 1500 °C) annealing was carried out after capping the GaN with epitaxial AIN by MOCVD to study damage recovery. Samples were capped by a layer of AIN in order to protect the GaN surface during annealing. Effects of implant temperature, damage and dopant activation are critically studied to evaluate a role of ion implantation in doping of GaN. The damage was studied by Rutherford Backscattering/Channeling, spectroscopic ellipsometry and photoluminescence. Results show dependence of radiation damage level on temperature of the substrate during implantation: implantations at elevated temperatures up to 550 °C decrease the lattice disorder; “hot implants” above 550 °C can not be useful in doping of GaN due to nitrogen loss from the surface. SE measurements have indicated very high sensitivity to the implantation damage. PL measurements at LT of 80 keV Mg+ (5×1014 cm-2) implanted and annealed GaN showed two peaks : one ∼100 meV and another ∼140 meV away from the band edge.
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Abstract
Aging and estrogen deficiency compromise the skin barrier's defense mechanisms, resulting in greater microbial colonization of the skin. Susceptibility to mechanical injury and chemical irritation also increases. Menopause blunts the cell-mediated immune response to microbes and allergens. Healing after an insult is delayed. Skin disorders such as lichen sclerosus or allergic dermatitis may not be clinically obvious. A biopsy interpreted by a dermatopathologist is often helpful. Some conditions require long-term use of topical steroid ointments, and antimicrobial therapy. A compounding pharmacist may be necessary to find a base for the topical cream that does not irritate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R Summers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
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Abstract
The authors present a case in which Tc-99m HMPAO labeled autologous leukocytes were used to demonstrate a brain abscess in a patient undergoing evaluation for fever of unknown origin. The abscess was demonstrated on both 1-hour and 24-hour images. The positive 1-hour image led to CT and MRI studies, which are included for correlation. In addition to its previously identified role as a secondary diagnostic test in the differentiation of tumor and abscess, the authors propose that Tc-99m HMPAO is useful as a primary diagnostic tool in the identification of brain abscess. Furthermore, the authors suggest that Tc-99m HMPAO is preferable to In-111 labeled leukocytes because of its better resolution and earlier imaging characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R Saba
- Department of Radiology, Mercy Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
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Fent K, Lovas R, Hunn J. Bioaccumulation, elimination and metabolism of triphenyltin chloride by early life stages of minnows Phoxinus phoxinus. Naturwissenschaften 1991; 78:125-7. [PMID: 1865926 DOI: 10.1007/bf01131488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K Fent
- Swiss Federal Institute for Water Resources and Water Pollution Control, (EAWAG-ETH), Kastanienbaum
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