Study of High-Transverse-Momentum Higgs Boson Production in Association with a Vector Boson in the qqbb Final State with the ATLAS Detector

This Letter presents the first study of Higgs boson production in association with a vector boson (V=W or Z) in the fully hadronic qqbb final state using data recorded by the ATLAS detector at the LHC in proton-proton collisions at sqrt[s]=13  TeV and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137  fb^{-1}. The vector bosons and Higgs bosons are each reconstructed as large-radius jets and tagged using jet substructure techniques. Dedicated tagging algorithms exploiting b-tagging properties are used to identify jets consistent with Higgs bosons decaying into bb[over ¯]. Dominant backgrounds from multijet production are determined directly from the data, and a likelihood fit to the jet mass distribution of Higgs boson candidates is used to extract the number of signal events. The VH production cross section is measured inclusively and differentially in several ranges of Higgs boson transverse momentum: 250-450, 450-650, and greater than 650 GeV. The inclusive signal yield relative to the standard model expectation is observed to be μ=1.4_{-0.9}^{+1.0} and the corresponding cross section is 3.1±1.3(stat)_{-1.4}^{+1.8}(syst)  pb.

Measurement of the Centrality Dependence of the Dijet Yield in p+Pb Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=8.16 TeV with the ATLAS Detector

ATLAS measured the centrality dependence of the dijet yield using 165  nb^{-1} of p+Pb data collected at sqrt[s_{NN}]=8.16  TeV in 2016. The event centrality, which reflects the p+Pb impact parameter, is characterized by the total transverse energy registered in the Pb-going side of the forward calorimeter. The central-to-peripheral ratio of the scaled dijet yields, R_{CP}, is evaluated, and the results are presented as a function of variables that reflect the kinematics of the initial hard parton scattering process. The R_{CP} shows a scaling with the Bjorken x of the parton originating from the proton, x_{p}, while no such trend is observed as a function of x_{Pb}. This analysis provides unique input to understanding the role of small proton spatial configurations in p+Pb collisions by covering parton momentum fractions from the valence region down to x_{p}∼10^{-3} and x_{Pb}∼4×10^{-4}.

Search for New Phenomena in Two-Body Invariant Mass Distributions Using Unsupervised Machine Learning for Anomaly Detection at sqrt[s]=13 TeV with the ATLAS Detector

Searches for new resonances are performed using an unsupervised anomaly-detection technique. Events with at least one electron or muon are selected from 140  fb^{-1} of pp collisions at sqrt[s]=13  TeV recorded by ATLAS at the Large Hadron Collider. The approach involves training an autoencoder on data, and subsequently defining anomalous regions based on the reconstruction loss of the decoder. Studies focus on nine invariant mass spectra that contain pairs of objects consisting of one light jet or b jet and either one lepton (e,μ), photon, or second light jet or b jet in the anomalous regions. No significant deviations from the background hypotheses are observed. Limits on contributions from generic Gaussian signals with various widths of the resonance mass are obtained for nine invariant masses in the anomalous regions.

AcMYB10 Involved in Anthocyanin Regulation of 'Hongyang' Kiwifruit Induced via Fruit Bagging and High-Postharvest-Temperature Treatments

Light and temperature are key factors influencing the accumulation of anthocyanin in fruit crops. To assess the effects of fruit bagging during development and high post-ripening temperature on 'Hongyang' kiwifruit, we compared the pigmentation phenotypes and expression levels of anthocyanin-related genes between bagged and unbagged treatments, and between 25 °C and 37 °C postharvest storage temperatures. Both the bagging and 25 °C treatments showed better pigmentation phenotypes with higher anthocyanin concentrations. The results of the qRT-PCR analysis revealed that the gene expression levels of LDOX (leucoanthocyanidin dioxygenase), F3GT (UDP-flavonoid 3-O-glycosyltransferase ), AcMYB10, and AcbHLH42 were strongly correlated and upregulated by both the bagging treatment and 25 °C storage. The results of bimolecular fluorescence complementation and luciferase complementation imaging assays indicated an interaction between AcMYB10 and AcbHLH42 in plant cells, whereas the results of a yeast one-hybrid assay further demonstrated that AcMYB10 activated the promoters of AcLODX and AcF3GT. These results strongly suggest that enhanced anthocyanin synthesis is caused by the promoted expression of AcLODX and AcF3GT, regulated by the complex formed by AcMYB10-AcbHLH42.

Observation of WZγ Production in pp Collisions at sqrt[s]=13 TeV with the ATLAS Detector

This Letter reports the observation of WZγ production and a measurement of its cross section using 140.1±1.2  fb^{-1} of proton-proton collision data recorded at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The WZγ production cross section, with both the W and Z bosons decaying leptonically, pp→WZγ→ℓ^{'}^{±}νℓ^{+}ℓ^{-}γ (ℓ^{(^{'})}=e, μ), is measured in a fiducial phase-space region defined such that the leptons and the photon have high transverse momentum and the photon is isolated. The cross section is found to be 2.01±0.30(stat)±0.16(syst)  fb. The corresponding standard model predicted cross section calculated at next-to-leading order in perturbative quantum chromodynamics and at leading order in the electroweak coupling constant is 1.50±0.06  fb. The observed significance of the WZγ signal is 6.3σ, compared with an expected significance of 5.0σ.

Total iron binding capacity: an independent predictor of prognosis for pulmonary arterial hypertension in systemic lupus erythematosus

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the role of parameters of iron metabolism in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH).

METHOD

This was a prospective observational study recruiting patients diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension (SLE-PAH). Patients with other factors that might lead to PAH were excluded from the study. All patients were assessed for PAH every 1-3 months and were followed up for 6 months. The primary outcome was considered improved if the grade of risk stratification declined at the endpoint; otherwise, it was considered unimproved.

RESULTS

In total, 29 patients with SLE-PAH were included in this study. The mean of serum ferritin was higher than normal, and total iron binding capacity (TIBC) decreased in 48% of patients. Correlation analyses showed that serum iron (SI) was negatively correlated with World Health Organization functional class (WHO-FC) (r = -0.409, p = 0.028), and positively correlated with Six-Minute Walk Test distance (6MWD) (r = 0.427, p = 0.021) and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) (r = 0.388, p = 0.037). Primary outcomes improved in 12 patients at the endpoint, and univariate logistic regression analyses indicated that TIBC was associated with improved primary outcomes in patients with SLE-PAH (odds ratio 12.00, 95% confidence interval 1.90-75.72).

CONCLUSION

SI was negatively correlated with WHO-FC, and positively correlated with 6MWD and TAPSE. Furthermore, TIBC was associated with improved outcomes of patients with SLE-PAH, which could be an independent predictor of prognosis. Further research is needed to verify the findings.

Combined Measurement of the Higgs Boson Mass from the H→γγ and H→ZZ^{*}→4ℓ Decay Channels with the ATLAS Detector Using sqrt[s]=7, 8, and 13 TeV pp Collision Data

A measurement of the mass of the Higgs boson combining the H→ZZ^{*}→4ℓ and H→γγ decay channels is presented. The result is based on 140  fb^{-1} of proton-proton collision data collected by the ATLAS detector during LHC run 2 at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV combined with the run 1 ATLAS mass measurement, performed at center-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV, yielding a Higgs boson mass of 125.11±0.09(stat)±0.06(syst)=125.11±0.11  GeV. This corresponds to a 0.09% precision achieved on this fundamental parameter of the Standard Model of particle physics.

Search for Dark Photons in Rare Z Boson Decays with the ATLAS Detector

A search for events with a dark photon produced in association with a dark Higgs boson via rare decays of the standard model Z boson is presented, using 139  fb^{-1} of sqrt[s]=13  TeV proton-proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The dark boson decays into a pair of dark photons, and at least two of the three dark photons must each decay into a pair of electrons or muons, resulting in at least two same-flavor opposite-charge lepton pairs in the final state. The data are found to be consistent with the background prediction, and upper limits are set on the dark photon's coupling to the dark Higgs boson times the kinetic mixing between the standard model photon and the dark photon, α_{D}ϵ^{2}, in the dark photon mass range of [5, 40] GeV except for the ϒ mass window [8.8, 11.1] GeV. This search explores new parameter space not previously excluded by other experiments.

[Preliminary progress in the study of the relationship between COVID-19 infection and partial arterial or venous diseases]

Vascular complications are commonly associated with COVID-19 infection. Increasing reports suggest a close relationship between COVID-19 and venous thromboembolic diseases, including deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Furthermore, COVID-19 has been linked to various aortic diseases such as aortic valve stenosis, aortic thrombosis, abdominal aortic aneurysm, aortic dissection, and limb ischemia. Consequently, understanding the causes and treatment of these vascular complications has become a critical aspect of comprehensive COVID-19 management. This article provides a review of aortic diseases and venous thromboembolic diseases that may be associated with COVID-19, aiming to explore potential mechanisms underlying the development of these vascular conditions and discuss strategies for preventing thrombosis in COVID-19 patients.

Observation of Single-Top-Quark Production in Association with a Photon Using the ATLAS Detector

This Letter reports the observation of single top quarks produced together with a photon, which directly probes the electroweak coupling of the top quark. The analysis uses 139  fb^{-1} of 13 TeV proton-proton collision data collected with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. Requiring a photon with transverse momentum larger than 20 GeV and within the detector acceptance, the fiducial cross section is measured to be 688±23(stat) _{-71}^{+75}(syst)  fb, to be compared with the standard model prediction of 515_{-42}^{+36}  fb at next-to-leading order in QCD.

Evaluation of the Harvest Dates for Three Major Cultivars of Blue Honeysuckle (Lonicera caerulea L.) in China

Blue honeysuckle (Lonicera caerulea L.) is an emerging fruit crop; however, determining its proper harvest time in commercial cultivation remains challenging due to its rapid fruit development characteristics. In this study, we investigated 17 agronomic traits of three blue honeysuckle cultivars harvested on 5 successive dates within their respective harvest windows. 'Lanjingling', 'Wulan', and 'Berel' showed solid-acid ratios (SS:TA) ranging from 10.00 to 16.01, 8.13 to 10.23, and 5.77 to 7.11, respectively; anthocyanin contents ranged from 233.85 to 276.83 mg/100 g, 236.38 to 312.23 mg/100 g, and 235.71 to 334.98 mg/100 g, respectively; vitamin C contents ranged from 88.43 to 99.68 mg/100 g, 108.13 to 191.23 mg/100 g, and 89.71 to 120.40 mg/100 g, respectively; phenolic contents ranged from 25.22 to 37.59 mg/g, 25.40 to 36.52 mg/g, and 37.66 to 50.00 mg/g, respectively. The results revealed the SS:TA value consistently increased with delayed harvesting and were significantly negatively correlated with fruit firmness, total acidity, shelf life, and respiration intensity, suggesting it is an ideal maturity indicator for blue honeysuckle berries. The factor analysis suggests that the suitable harvest date for 'Lanjingling' could be either 47 days after flowering (DAF) with an SS:TA value of approximately 10.0, characterized by high firmness, extended shelf life, and elevated levels of anthocyanins and phenolics; or 67 DAF (SS:TA ≈ 16.0), characterized by high vitamin C content and sweetness, and larger size and weight. For 'Wulan', it suggests the suitable harvest date is either 54 DAF (SS:TA ≈ 9.0), yielding fruit with high levels of anthocyanins and vitamin C; or 62 DAF (SS:TA > 10.0), yielding fruit with high sweetness and large size and weight. For 'Berel', it is suggested to be either 52 DAF (SS:TA ≈ 6.5), resulting in fruit with high levels of anthocyanins and vitamin C; or 62 DAF (SS:TA > 7.0), resulting in balanced levels of the fruit quality traits.

Measurement of Suppression of Large-Radius Jets and Its Dependence on Substructure in Pb+Pb Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02 TeV with the ATLAS Detector

This letter presents a measurement of the nuclear modification factor of large-radius jets in sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02  TeV Pb+Pb collisions by the ATLAS experiment. The measurement is performed using 1.72  nb^{-1} and 257  pb^{-1} of Pb+Pb and pp data, respectively. The large-radius jets are reconstructed with the anti-k_{t} algorithm using a radius parameter of R=1.0, by reclustering anti-k_{t} R=0.2 jets, and are measured over the transverse momentum (p_{T}) kinematic range of 158 Collapse

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Measurement of the Sensitivity of Two-Particle Correlations in pp Collisions to the Presence of Hard Scatterings

A key open question in the study of multiparticle production in high-energy pp collisions is the relationship between the "ridge"-i.e., the observed azimuthal correlations between particles in the underlying event that extend over all rapidities-and hard or semihard scattering processes. In particular, it is not known whether jets or their soft fragments are correlated with particles in the underlying event. To address this question, two-particle correlations are measured in pp collisions at sqrt[s]=13  TeV using data collected by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC, with an integrated luminosity of 15.8  pb^{-1}, in two different configurations. In the first case, charged particles associated with jets are excluded from the correlation analysis, while in the second case, correlations are measured between particles within jets and charged particles from the underlying event. Second-order flow coefficients, v_{2}, are presented as a function of event multiplicity and transverse momentum. These measurements show that excluding particles associated with jets does not affect the measured correlations. Moreover, particles associated with jets do not exhibit any significant azimuthal correlations with the underlying event, ruling out hard processes contributing to the ridge.

Observation of an Excess of Dicharmonium Events in the Four-Muon Final State with the ATLAS Detector

A search is made for potential ccc[over ¯]c[over ¯] tetraquarks decaying into a pair of charmonium states in the four muon final state using proton-proton collision data at sqrt[s]=13  TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 140  fb^{-1} recorded by the ATLAS experiment at LHC. Two decay channels, J/ψ+J/ψ→4μ and J/ψ+ψ(2S)→4μ, are studied. Backgrounds are estimated based on a hybrid approach involving Monte Carlo simulations and data-driven methods. Statistically significant excesses with respect to backgrounds dominated by the single parton scattering are seen in the di-J/ψ channel consistent with a narrow resonance at 6.9 GeV and a broader structure at lower mass. A statistically significant excess is also seen in the J/ψ+ψ(2S) channel. The fitted masses and decay widths of the structures are reported.

Observation of the γγ→ττ Process in Pb+Pb Collisions and Constraints on the τ-Lepton Anomalous Magnetic Moment with the ATLAS Detector

This Letter reports the observation of τ-lepton-pair production in ultraperipheral lead-lead collisions Pb+Pb→Pb(γγ→ττ)Pb and constraints on the τ-lepton anomalous magnetic moment a_{τ}. The dataset corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 1.44  nb^{-1} of LHC Pb+Pb collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02  TeV recorded by the ATLAS experiment in 2018. Selected events contain one muon from a τ-lepton decay, an electron or charged-particle track(s) from the other τ-lepton decay, little additional central-detector activity, and no forward neutrons. The γγ→ττ process is observed in Pb+Pb collisions with a significance exceeding 5 standard deviations and a signal strength of μ_{ττ}=1.03_{-0.05}^{+0.06} assuming the standard model value for a_{τ}. To measure a_{τ}, a template fit to the muon transverse-momentum distribution from τ-lepton candidates is performed, using a dimuon (γγ→μμ) control sample to constrain systematic uncertainties. The observed 95% confidence-level interval for a_{τ} is -0.057 Collapse

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Complete chloroplast genome assembly and phylogenetic analysis of blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum), red and white currant (Ribes rubrum), and gooseberry (Ribes uva-crispa) provide new insights into the phylogeny of Grossulariaceae

Background

Blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum), red currant (R. rubrum), white currant (R. rubrum), and gooseberry (R. uva-crispa) belong to Grossulariaceae and are popular small-berry crops worldwide. The lack of genomic data has severely limited their systematic classification and molecular breeding.

Methods

The complete chloroplast (cp) genomes of these four taxa were assembled for the first time using MGI-DNBSEQ reads, and their genome structures, repeat elements and protein-coding genes were annotated. By genomic comparison of the present four and previous released five Ribes cp genomes, the genomic variations were identified. By phylogenetic analysis based on maximum-likelihood and Bayesian methods, the phylogeny of Grossulariaceae and the infrageneric relationships of the Ribes were revealed.

Results

The four cp genomes have lengths ranging from 157,450 to 157,802 bp and 131 shared genes. A total of 3,322 SNPs and 485 Indels were identified from the nine released Ribes cp genomes. Red currant and white currant have 100% identical cp genomes partially supporting the hypothesis that white currant (R. rubrum) is a fruit color variant of red currant (R. rubrum). The most polymorphic genic and intergenic region is ycf1 and trnT-psbD, respectively. The phylogenetic analysis demonstrated the monophyly of Grossulariaceae in Saxifragales and the paraphyletic relationship between Saxifragaceae and Grossulariaceae. Notably, the Grossularia subgenus is well nested within the Ribes subgenus and shows a paraphyletic relationship with the co-ancestor of Calobotrya and Coreosma sections, which challenges the dichotomous subclassification of the Ribes genus based on morphology (subgenus Ribes and subgenus Grossularia). These data, results, and insights lay a foundation for the phylogenetic research and breeding of Ribes species.

Strong Constraints on Jet Quenching in Centrality-Dependent p+Pb Collisions at 5.02 TeV from ATLAS

Jet quenching is the process of color-charged partons losing energy via interactions with quark-gluon plasma droplets created in heavy-ion collisions. The collective expansion of such droplets is well described by viscous hydrodynamics. Similar evidence of collectivity is consistently observed in smaller collision systems, including pp and p+Pb collisions. In contrast, while jet quenching is observed in Pb+Pb collisions, no evidence has been found in these small systems to date, raising fundamental questions about the nature of the system created in these collisions. The ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider has measured the yield of charged hadrons correlated with reconstructed jets in 0.36  nb^{-1} of p+Pb and 3.6  pb^{-1} of pp collisions at 5.02 TeV. The yields of charged hadrons with p_{T}^{ch}>0.5  GeV near and opposite in azimuth to jets with p_{T}^{jet}>30 or 60 GeV, and the ratios of these yields between p+Pb and pp collisions, I_{pPb}, are reported. The collision centrality of p+Pb events is categorized by the energy deposited by forward neutrons from the struck nucleus. The I_{pPb} values are consistent with unity within a few percent for hadrons with p_{T}^{ch}>4  GeV at all centralities. These data provide new, strong constraints that preclude almost any parton energy loss in central p+Pb collisions.

Test of CP Invariance in Higgs Boson Vector-Boson-Fusion Production Using the H→γγ Channel with the ATLAS Detector

A test of CP invariance in Higgs boson production via vector-boson fusion has been performed in the H→γγ channel using 139  fb^{-1} of proton-proton collision data at sqrt[s]=13  TeV collected by the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The optimal observable method is used to probe the CP structure of interactions between the Higgs boson and electroweak gauge bosons, as described by an effective field theory. No sign of CP violation is observed in the data. Constraints are set on the parameters describing the strength of the CP-odd component in the coupling between the Higgs boson and the electroweak gauge bosons in two effective field theory bases: d[over ˜] in the HISZ basis and c_{HW[over ˜]} in the Warsaw basis. The results presented are the most stringent constraints on CP violation in the coupling between Higgs and weak bosons. The 95% C.L. constraint on d[over ˜] is derived for the first time and the 95% C.L. constraint on c_{HW[over ˜]} has been improved by a factor of 5 compared to the previous measurement.

[The relationship between the characteristics of tears and the progression of Stanford type B aortic dissection after endovascular treatment]

Endovascular treatment of Stanford type B aortic dissection (type B dissection) has been widely used. There will be complications such as aortic dilatation, which will lead to poor prognosis of some patients. With more in-depth researches, it was found that there was a possible correlation between the prognosis of type B dissection and tears, such as the increasing of aortic diameter would be faster with longer tears, and the location of the tear will affect the thrombosis of the false lumen. Studies on hemodynamics have also found that different characteristics of tears of aortic dissection can cause changes in the pressure, blood flow rate and blood capacity in the true and false lumens recently. The hemodynamic changes can be used to predict the prognosis of type B dissection. The main characteristics of tears included the size, position, number of tears, residual tears and stent graft induced new entry. Describing the effect of tear characteristics on the development of type B dissection, can provide the basis for the clinical treatment and further research of type B dissection.

[Relationship between onco-immunological and morphologic characteristics of lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma and lymphocyte subtypes of peripheral blood]

Objective: To study the relationship between the onco-immunological and morphologic characteristics of lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (LELC) and peripheral blood lymphocyte subtypes and its clinical significance. Methods: The pathologic and clinical data of 117 LELC patients who were admitted to the Tumor Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences from 2006 to 2018 were collected. The histological classification was based on previously reported morphological classification method. The onco-immunological and morphologic characteristics of the tumors such as lymphoid follicle formation and interstitial fibrous hyperplasia, patient's peripheral blood lymphocyte subtypes and prognosis data were collected. The relationship between various factors and their impact on prognosis were analyzed. Results: There were 117 patients, including 61 females and 56 males. The male to female ratio was 0.9∶1.0. The age of onset was 24-89 years (median 52 years). Primary sites included head and neck (68 cases), lungs (26 cases), stomach (15 cases), and others (eight cases). Morphologically, 54 cases were type Ⅰ, 62 cases were type Ⅱ, and one case could not be classified. The onco-immunological and morphologic features of the LELC tumors showed a continuous spectrum. Interstitial TILs were noted from focally to diffuse, and the interstitial fibrous tissues were from hardly visible to obvious sclerotic. Formation of lymphoid follicles was seen in 42 patients; obvious fibrosis was seen in 31 cases. Data of peripheral blood lymphocyte subtyping by flow cytometry were available in 73 cases. These data included CD3⁺total T cells, CD3⁺CD4⁺helper T cells, CD3⁺CD8⁺cytotoxic T cells, CD3^-CD56⁺natural killer (NK) cells, CD3^-CD19⁺B cells, CD4⁺CD45RA^-T helper induction subgroup, CD4⁺CD45RA⁺ T suppression induction subgroup, CD4⁺CD45RO⁺memory T cell subgroup, CD45RA⁺CD45RO⁺activated T cell subgroup, CD8⁺CD38⁺activated cytotoxic T cell, and CD25⁺lymphocytes and CD44⁺lymphocyte. The proportion of lymphocytes of each subtype was normal in most patients, but the proportion of CD44⁺lymphocytes in 61 cases (83.6%) was increased; the proportion of T cell suppression induced subgroups was decreased in 53 cases (72.6%). Correlation analysis found a significant correlation between clinical stage and NK cells (P=0.023); tumor histologic type and cytotoxic T cells were significantly positively correlated (P=0.012); while tumor cell morphologic differentiation was significantly related to total T cells (P=0.003) and NK cells (P=0.026); Formation of interstitial lymphoid follicles was positively correlated with memory T cell subsets (P=0.025); Tumor interstitial fibrosis was significantly positively correlated with T suppression-induced subpopulations (P=0.004), and was significantly negatively correlated with total T cells (P=0.023) and with the expression of CD44 adhesion molecules (P=0.003). Survival analysis found that lymphoid follicle formation was a favorable prognostic factor for LELC (P=0.001). Conclusions: The onco-immunological and morphologic features in LELC show a continuous spectrum; the tumor clinicopathological characteristics and onco-immunological morphology are closely related to peripheral blood T lymphocyte subtypes, and the formation of interstitial lymphoid follicles is a favorable prognostic factor for LELC.

A detailed map of Higgs boson interactions by the ATLAS experiment ten years after the discovery

The standard model of particle physics1-4 describes the known fundamental particles and forces that make up our Universe, with the exception of gravity. One of the central features of the standard model is a field that permeates all of space and interacts with fundamental particles5-9. The quantum excitation of this field, known as the Higgs field, manifests itself as the Higgs boson, the only fundamental particle with no spin. In 2012, a particle with properties consistent with the Higgs boson of the standard model was observed by the ATLAS and CMS experiments at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN10,11. Since then, more than 30 times as many Higgs bosons have been recorded by the ATLAS experiment, enabling much more precise measurements and new tests of the theory. Here, on the basis of this larger dataset, we combine an unprecedented number of production and decay processes of the Higgs boson to scrutinize its interactions with elementary particles. Interactions with gluons, photons, and W and Z bosons-the carriers of the strong, electromagnetic and weak forces-are studied in detail. Interactions with three third-generation matter particles (bottom (b) and top (t) quarks, and tau leptons (τ)) are well measured and indications of interactions with a second-generation particle (muons, μ) are emerging. These tests reveal that the Higgs boson discovered ten years ago is remarkably consistent with the predictions of the theory and provide stringent constraints on many models of new phenomena beyond the standard model.

Biopsy-tract haemocoagulase injection reduces major complications after CT-guided percutaneous transthoracic lung biopsy

AIM

To determine whether the injection of haemocoagulase into the biopsy tract can reduce pneumothorax and pulmonary haemorrhage after computed tomography (CT)-guided percutaneous transthoracic lung biopsy (PTLB).

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A retrospective study was performed involving patients with undiagnosed pulmonary lesions scheduled for PTLB between January 2020 and March 2021. Patients were assigned to the haemocoagulase group or the non-haemocoagulase group. After CT-guided biopsies were performed with a 17 G coaxial system, patients in the haemocoagulase group received a haemocoagulase injection (0.2-0.5 units) in the biopsy tract as the sheath was withdrawn. Postoperative image studies were performed to evaluate complications, including pneumothorax and pulmonary haemorrhage. Factors, including the patient's position, lesion location, and pathological results, were evaluated to determine their associations with the complications.

RESULTS

A total of 100 patients were included, with 44 men and a mean age of 53 years old. The overall incidences of pneumothorax and pulmonary haemorrhage were 15% and 13%, respectively. The incidences of pneumothorax and pulmonary haemorrhage were statistically significantly lower in the haemocoagulase group (8% and 6%, respectively) than in the non-haemocoagulase group (22% and 20%, respectively; p=0.04 and 0.03, respectively). There was no statistically significant difference in haemoptysis between the haemocoagulase (6%) and non-haemocoagulase (2%) groups (p=0.23). There were also no statistically significant associations of pneumothorax or pulmonary haemorrhage with the patients' positions, lesion location, or pathological results.

CONCLUSION

Biopsy tract haemocoagulase injection reduced the incidences of postoperative pneumothorax and pulmonary haemorrhage after PTLB.

[The value of CXorf67 and H3K27me3 for diagnosing germ cell tumors in central nervous system]

Objective: To investigate immunohistochemical patterns of CXorf67 and H3K27me3 proteins in central nervous system germ cell tumors (GCTs) and to assess their values in both diagnosis and differential diagnosis. Methods: A total of 370 cases of central nervous system GCTs were collected from 2013 to 2020 at Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China. The expression of CXorf67, H3K27me3 and commonly-used GCT markers including OCT4, PLAP, CD117, D2-40, and CD30 by immunohistochemistry (EnVision method) was examined in different subtypes of central nervous system GCTs. The sensitivity and specificity of each marker were compared by contingency table and area under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results: Of the 370 cases there were 282 males and 88 females with a mean age of 19 years and a median age of 17 years (range, 2-57 years). Among the GCTs with germinoma, the proportions of male patients and the patients with GCT located in sellar region were both higher than those of GCTs without germinoma (P<0.05), respectively. CXorf67 was present in the nuclei of germinoma and normal germ cells, but not in other subtypes of GCT. H3K27me3 was negative in germinoma, but positive in the nuclei of surrounding normal cells and GCTs other than germinoma. In the 283 GCTs with germinoma components, the expression rate of CXorf67 was 90.5% (256/283), but no cases were positive for H3K27me3. There was also an inverse correlation between them (r²=-0.831, P<0.01). The expression rates of PLAP, OCT4, CD117 and D2-40 were 81.2% (231/283), 89.4% (253/283), 73.9% (209/283) and 88.3% (250/283), respectively. In 63 mixed GCTs with germinoma components, the expression rate of CXorf67 was 84.1% (53/63), while all cases were negative for H3K27me3. The expression rates of PLAP, OCT4, CD117 and D2-40 were 79.4% (50/63), 79.4% (50/63), 66.7% (42/63) and 87.3% (55/63), respectively. The 6 markers with largest area under ROC curve in ranking order were H3K27me3, CXorf67, D2-40, OCT4, PLAP and CD117 (P<0.05). Conclusions: CXorf67 and H3K27me3 have high sensitivity and high specificity in diagnosing germinoma. There is a significant inverse correlation between them. Therefore, they can both be used as new specific immunohistochemical markers for the diagnosis of GCTs.

Morphological classification and measurement of the glenoid cavity using three-dimensional reconstruction in a Chinese population

BACKGROUND

The purpose of this study was to examine the various shapes and record the morphometric data of the glenoid cavity in a Chinese population.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A total of 501 scapulae, 247 left and 254 right, were analyzed. We classified the shape of the glenoid cavity as type Ⅰ (pear-shaped), type Ⅱ (oval-shaped), type Ⅲ (teardrop-shaped), type Ⅳ (calabash-shaped) or type Ⅴ (inverted comma-shaped). Four defined parameters, the superior-inferior glenoid diameter (AB), upper anterior-posterior glenoid diameter (CD), lower anterior-posterior glenoid diameter (EF) and glenoid index (GI), were measured, and five shapes were classified via three-dimensional reconstruction.

RESULTS

The mean AB, CD, EF and GI values of the glenoid were 3.51±0.41 cm, 1.95±0.28 cm, 2.60±0.34 cm, and 1.35±0.12 cm, respectively. The AB value of type Ⅱ glenoid cavities was significantly smaller than that of type Ⅰ and Ⅲ glenoid cavities (P<0.05), but the GI value of type Ⅱ glenoid cavities was larger than that of type Ⅲ cavities (P<0.05). The CD value showed a difference between type Ⅰ and type Ⅲ glenoid cavities (P<0.05). For the EF parameter, the values of type Ⅲ glenoid cavities were significantly larger than those of type Ⅰ and Ⅱ glenoid cavities (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

Measuring and observing the variety of shapes and sizes of the glenoid cavity in Chinese people is conducive to for better understand its morphological features. This information can also guide surgeons in the design and selection of suitable prostheses for total shoulder arthroplasty in the Chinese population in order to reduce postoperative complications.

[Revascularization of the deep femoral artery and its inflow vessels to treat critical limb ischemia in patients with thromboangiitis obliterans:a report of 9 cases]

Objective: To examine the effectiveness of revascularization of the deep femoral artery and its inflow vessels to treat critical limb ischemia in patients with thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO). Methods: The clinical data of 9 TAO patients with critical limb ischemia who underwent deep femoral artery and its inflow revascularization from January 2018 to October 2020 at Department of Vascular Surgery, the First Medical Center, People's Liberation Army General Hospital were retrospectively analyzed.There were all males, aged from 26 to 50 years with onset time from 1 to 7 years.All patients had severe rest pain, and 4 had ischemic ulcers or gangrene.All patients had occlusion of the deep femoral artery origins and(or) its inflow tracts, including 2 ipsilateral common iliac artery occlusion, 4 ipsilateral external iliac artery occlusion, 7 common femoral artery occlusion, and 8 deep femoral artery origins, without the involvement of the contralateral common femoral artery or its inflow tracts.Surgical procedures included femoral endarterectomy with thrombectomy, merge suture, and bypass.Technical success rate, rest pain relief, ulcer healing, patency, amputation rate, and long-term prognosis were recorded. Results: The overall technical success rate was 9/9, including 8 femoral endarterectomies with thrombectomy (with 4 patch-angioplasty with the great saphenous vein, 1 merge suture, and 3 simple sutures), 4 femoral-femoral bypasses with artificial vessels, and 1 superficial femoral artery bypass with the great saphenous vein.Rest pain disappeared after the operation immediately.The follow-up time was 10 to 44 months.All patients survived.The semi-annual patency rate was 9/9, and the one-year patency rate was 6/8.Except for one patient with significantly reduced but unhealed dorsalis ulcer up to now due to continuous heavy tobacco exposure after surgery, all others had no rest pain occurred or recurrence of foot ulcers during the follow-up.Among the 8 patients, 3 cases with recent claudication had continuous moderate tobacco exposure (10 to 20 cigarettes per day or severe passive smoking). Conclusions: For patients with thromboangiitis obliterans involved in the deep femoral artery or its inflow vessels, revascularization should be the primary choice and a good long-term prognosis is promising.Postoperative tobacco exposure (including passive smoking) is of great impact on the prognosis of TAO patients, and smoking cessation education must be reemphasized and reinforced.

[Evidence-based progress for the risk events of paclitaxel devices in treatment of peripheral artery disease]

With the development of endovascular technology for peripheral arterial diseases, paclitaxel drug-eluting stents and drug-coated balloons have been widely used in recent years. It has been proved that paclitaxel-coated devices have good clinical effects in reducing vascular restenosis. However, the clinical safety of paclitaxel devices has encountered challenges, some of the studies have shown that paclitaxel-coated devices may increase long-term mortality. In addition, some studies have confirmed the effectiveness and safety of paclitaxel devices, leading to this topic becoming the focus and hot spot of global attention. Whether paclitaxel-coated devices increase the risk of long-term death, whether paclitaxel doses are related to mortality, and the pharmacokinetics of paclitaxel devices should be examined.

[Expression and clinical significance of CXC chemokine ligand 10 in glioma]

Objective: To analyze the expression of CXC chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) in glioma and its clinical significance through bioinformatics. Methods: The expression level of CXCL10 in glioma, and its prognostic significance, gene ontology (GO) function annotation, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome (KEGG) pathway enrichment and the correlation of tumor cell purity were analyzed in TCGA, CGGA, MetaScape, TIMER databases. In addition, 34 clinical glioma tissues were collected for Western Blot and immunohistochemistry to further verify the correlation between CXCL10 and glioma. Results: CGGA and TCGA database analysis showed that with the increase of WHO grade, the expression of CXCL10 in gliomas increased (P<0.01). The overall survival rate of patients with high CXCL10 expression was significantly lower than that of patients with low expression (χ² =148.1,P<0.05). Among patients with grade Ⅳ glioblastoma who received radiotherapy or chemotherapy, the patients with low CXCL10 expression were associated with good survival (χ² =6.714,P<0.05;χ² =5.618,P<0.05). Moreover, GO and KEGG analysis showed that genes co-expressed with CXCL10 were mainly enriched in the biological processes such as cytokine-mediated signaling pathways, regulating adaptive immune responses and inflammatory responses. Furthermore, TIMER database analysis showed that CXCL10 was negatively correlated with the purity of glioma cells (LGG: r=-0.129;GBM: r=-0.165;P<0.05). Similarly, clinical sample analysis also showed that the expression level of CXCL10 increased in glioma, and it increased with the grade of glioma (all P<0.05). Conclusion: The expression of CXCL10 is up-regulated in glioma as well as it increased with the malignant degree of glioma. At the same time, the high expression of CXCL10 in glioma is closely related to the poor prognosis of patients.

Experimental study on synergistic effect of HIFU treatment of tumors using Bifidobacterium bound with cationic phase-change nanoparticles

OBJECTIVE

Anaerobic bacteria can enter the solid tumor in the hypoxic region to colonize and proliferate. Aggregation of nanoparticles in the tumor area can enhance molecular imaging and therapy. It is hypothesized that the combination of the two could possibly achieve better imaging and tumor treatment. This study presents a biocompatible bacteria-based system that can deliver cationic phase-change nanoparticles (CPNs) into solid tumor to achieve enhanced imaging and treatment integration.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Cationic phase-change nanoparticles (CPNs) and Bifidobacterium longum (BF) were mixed to determine the best binding rate and were placed in an agar phantom for ultrasonography. BF-CPNs complex adhesion to breast cancer cells was observed by laser confocal microscopy. In vivo, BF-CPNs and control groups were injected into tumors in breast cancer nude mouse models. Nanoparticles distribution was observed by ultrasound and in vivo fluorescence imaging. HIFU ablation was performed after injection. Gross and histological changes were compared and synergy was evaluated.

RESULTS

Bifidobacterium longum (BF) and CPNs were combined by electrostatic adsorption. The BF-CPNs particles could increase the deposition of energy after liquid-gas phase-change during High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) irradiation of tumor.

CONCLUSIONS

This study shows a valid method in diagnosis and therapy integration for providing stronger imaging, longer retention time, and more effective tumor treatment.

[The effects of posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation on accommodative function in high myopia]

Objective: To investigate the effects of implantable Collamer lens (ICL) with a central hole on the accommodative function of patients with high myopia at different ages after implantation. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 75 patients (150 eyes, 23 men and 52 women) with high myopia who underwent ICL implantation in Department of Ophthalmology of First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University from January 2017 to December 2018. The age was (28.99±7.26) years (range, 18-48 years). Forty patients (80 eyes) aged 18-34 years were included in the younger group and 35 patients (70 eyes) aged 35-48 years were included in the elderly group. To compare the changes and differences of accommodative function between the two groups, the uncorrected visual acuity, best corrected visual acuity, spherical equivalent error, amplitude of accommodation (AMP), negative relative accommodation (NRA), positive relative accommodation, single and both eyes' accommodation of facility (AF), fused cross cylinder, near and far distance horizontal phoria, accommodative convergence/accommodation and visual satisfaction questionnaire before surgery and at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after surgery were analyzed. ANOVA for repeated design, LSD, unpaired sample t-test, Paired t-test, Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test were used for data analyses. Results: At each time point before and after operation, there were significant differences between the two groups in the AMP (F=16.511, P<0.05). The AMP of the younger group increased from (8.88±2.27) D at baseline to (9.51±1.34) D at 12 months, while it was decreased in the elderly group from (7.67±2.36) D at baseline to (6.56±2.63) D at 12 months. The trend of changes was significantly different (F=15.044,P<0.05). The AMP of the elderly group was significantly lower than that of the younger group at all time points (F=47.678, P<0.05). The NRA of the younger group was better than that of the elderly group (F=13.459, P<0.05), but the NRA had no significant changes in both groups postoperatively (F=1.788, P=0.141). We could not find any significant changes of positive relative accommodation between two groups (F=1.447, P=0.233). The monocular and binocular AF of two groups was increased significantly after surgery (F=34.296, 21.839, P<0.05). The AF of the younger group was better than that of the elderly group (F=80.327, 43.08, P<0.05). The fused cross cylinder was improved from baseline (0.12±0.32) D to (0.38±0.49) D at 12 months (F=4.752, P<0.05), while the difference was not found in the younger group (F=2.110, P=0.151). We could not find any significant changes of accommodative convergence/accommodation between two groups (F=0.389, P=0.505) or in each group (F=1.049, P=0.309) preoperatively and at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after surgery. Conclusions: ICL implantation is effective in the treatment of high myopia. The visual acuity, AMP, monocular and binocular AF may increase obviously. Big improvements in the accommodative function and high satisfaction of vision can be achieved, especially in younger patients. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2021, 57: 113-121).