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Laut L, Martins MVA, Frontalini F, Ballalai JM, Belart P, Habib R, Fontana LF, Clemente IMMM, Lorini ML, Mendonça Filho JG, Laut VM, Figueiredo MDSL. Assessment of the trophic state of a hypersaline-carbonatic environment: Vermelha Lagoon (Brazil). PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184819. [PMID: 28934270 PMCID: PMC5608279 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vermelha Lagoon is a hypersaline shallow transitional ecosystem in the state of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil). This lagoon is located in the protected area of Massambaba, between the cities of Araruama and Saquarema (Brazil), and displays two quite uncommon particularities: it exhibits carbonate sedimentation and displays the development of Holocene stromatolites. Due to both particularities, the salt industry and property speculation have been, increasingly, generating anthropic pressures on this ecosystem. This study aims to apply a multiproxy approach to evaluate the trophic state of Vermelha Lagoon based on physicochemical parameters and geochemical data for the quantification and qualification of organic matter (OM), namely total organic carbon (TOC), total sulfur (TS), total phosphorus (TP) and biopolymeric carbon (BPC), including carbohydrates (CHO), lipids (LIP) and proteins (PTN). The CHO/TOC ratio values suggest that OM supplied to the sediment is of autochthonous origin and results, essentially, from microbial activity. The cluster analyses allowed the identification of four regions in Vermelha Lagoon. The Region I included stations located in shallow areas of the eastern sector of Vermelha lagoon affected by the impact of the artificial channel of connection with Araruama Lagoon. The Region II, under the influence of salt pans, is characterized by the highest values of BPC, namely CHO promoted by microbiological activity. The Region III include stations spread through the lagoon with high values of dissolved oxygen and lower values of TP. Stromatolites and microbial mattes growth was observed in some stations of this sector. Region IV, where the highest values of TOC and TS were found, represents depocenters of organic matter, located in general in depressed areas. Results of this work evidences that the Vermelha Lagoon is an eutrophic but alkaline and well oxygenated environment (at both water column and surface sediment) where the autotrophic activity is greater than heterotrophic one. These particular conditions make this a special and rare ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lazaro Laut
- Laboratório de Micropaleontologia – LabMicro, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro – UNIRIO, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Maria Virginia Alves Martins
- Departamento de Estratigrafia e Paleontologia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro – UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Unidade de Investigação GeoBioTec, Departamento de Geociências, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Fabrizio Frontalini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Pure e Applicate (DiSPeA), Università degli Studi di Urbino "Carlo Bo", Urbino, Italy
| | - João M. Ballalai
- Laboratório de Micropaleontologia – LabMicro, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro – UNIRIO, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Pierre Belart
- Laboratório de Micropaleontologia – LabMicro, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro – UNIRIO, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Renan Habib
- Laboratório de Micropaleontologia – LabMicro, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro – UNIRIO, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luiz F. Fontana
- Laboratório de Palinofácies & Fácies Orgânicas (LAFO), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro – UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Iara M. M. M. Clemente
- Departamento de Estratigrafia e Paleontologia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro – UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria Lucia Lorini
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro – UNIRIO, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - João G. Mendonça Filho
- Laboratório de Palinofácies & Fácies Orgânicas (LAFO), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro – UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vanessa M. Laut
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Marinha e Ambientes Costeiros, Universidade Federal Fluminense – UFF, Instituto de Biologia, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcos de Souza Lima Figueiredo
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade Neotropical, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro – UNIRIO, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Ramos VMC, Castelo-Branco R, Leão PN, Martins J, Carvalhal-Gomes S, Sobrinho da Silva F, Mendonça Filho JG, Vasconcelos VM. Cyanobacterial Diversity in Microbial Mats from the Hypersaline Lagoon System of Araruama, Brazil: An In-depth Polyphasic Study. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1233. [PMID: 28713360 PMCID: PMC5492833 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial mats are complex, micro-scale ecosystems that can be found in a wide range of environments. In the top layer of photosynthetic mats from hypersaline environments, a large diversity of cyanobacteria typically predominates. With the aim of strengthening the knowledge on the cyanobacterial diversity present in the coastal lagoon system of Araruama (state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil), we have characterized three mat samples by means of a polyphasic approach. We have used morphological and molecular data obtained by culture-dependent and -independent methods. Moreover, we have compared different classification methodologies and discussed the outcomes, challenges, and pitfalls of these methods. Overall, we show that Araruama's lagoons harbor a high cyanobacterial diversity. Thirty-six unique morphospecies could be differentiated, which increases by more than 15% the number of morphospecies and genera already reported for the entire Araruama system. Morphology-based data were compared with the 16S rRNA gene phylogeny derived from isolate sequences and environmental sequences obtained by PCR-DGGE and pyrosequencing. Most of the 48 phylotypes could be associated with the observed morphospecies at the order level. More than one third of the sequences demonstrated to be closely affiliated (best BLAST hit results of ≥99%) with cyanobacteria from ecologically similar habitats. Some sequences had no close relatives in the public databases, including one from an isolate, being placed as “loner” sequences within different orders. This hints at hidden cyanobacterial diversity in the mats of the Araruama system, while reinforcing the relevance of using complementary approaches to study cyanobacterial diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor M C Ramos
- Faculty of Sciences, University of PortoPorto, Portugal.,Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of PortoMatosinhos, Portugal
| | - Raquel Castelo-Branco
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of PortoMatosinhos, Portugal
| | - Pedro N Leão
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of PortoMatosinhos, Portugal
| | - Joana Martins
- Faculty of Sciences, University of PortoPorto, Portugal.,Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of PortoMatosinhos, Portugal
| | - Sinda Carvalhal-Gomes
- Palynofacies and Organic Facies Laboratory, Department of Geology, Federal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Frederico Sobrinho da Silva
- Palynofacies and Organic Facies Laboratory, Department of Geology, Federal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - João G Mendonça Filho
- Palynofacies and Organic Facies Laboratory, Department of Geology, Federal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vitor M Vasconcelos
- Faculty of Sciences, University of PortoPorto, Portugal.,Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of PortoMatosinhos, Portugal
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