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Nvau JB, Alenezi S, Ungogo MA, Alfayez IAM, Natto MJ, Gray AI, Ferro VA, Watson DG, de Koning HP, Igoli JO. Antiparasitic and Cytotoxic Activity of Bokkosin, A Novel Diterpene-Substituted Chromanyl Benzoquinone From Calliandra portoricensis. Front Chem 2020; 8:574103. [PMID: 33282826 PMCID: PMC7705231 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.574103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Calliandra portoricensis is a medicinal plant growing freely in Nigeria. It is used traditionally to treat tuberculosis, as an anthelmintic and an abortifacient. Phytochemical fractionation and screening of its root extracts has yielded a novel (5-hydroxy-7-methoxy-4-oxo-1-chromanyl)-4-methoxy-p-benzoquinone (breverin)-substituted cassane diterpene, which was designated bokkosin. It was obtained from column chromatography of the ethyl acetate extract of the roots. The compound was characterized using IR, NMR (1D and 2D) and mass spectral data. Promising antiparasitic activity was observed against the kinetoplastid parasite Trypanosoma brucei brucei, as well as moderate activity against Trypanosoma congolense and Leishmania mexicana and low toxicity in mammalian cells, with the best in vitro EC50 values against T. b. brucei (0.69 μg/mL against a standard laboratory strain, and its multi-drug resistant clone (0.33 μg/mL). The effect on T. b. brucei in culture was rapid and dose-dependent, leading to apparently irreversible growth arrest and cell death after an exposure of just 2 h at 2 × or 4 × EC50. The identification of bokkosin constitutes the first isolation of this class of compound from any natural source and establishes the compound as a potential trypanocide that, considering its novelty, should now be tested for activity against other microorganisms as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- John B. Nvau
- Department of Chemistry, Plateau State University, Bokkos, Nigeria
| | - Samya Alenezi
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Marzuq A. Ungogo
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Ibrahim A. M. Alfayez
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Manal J. Natto
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander I. Gray
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Valerie A. Ferro
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Dave G. Watson
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Harry P. de Koning
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - John O. Igoli
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry, Phytochemistry Research Group, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria
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Ibekwe NN, Nvau JB, Oladosu PO, Usman AM, Ibrahim K, Boshoff HI, Dowd CS, Orisadipe AT, Aiyelaagbe O, Adesomoju AA, Barry CE, Okogun JI. Some Nigerian anti-tuberculosis ethnomedicines: a preliminary efficacy assessment. J Ethnopharmacol 2014; 155:524-532. [PMID: 24911338 PMCID: PMC4154137 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.05.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE Nigerian herbalists possess indigenous ethnomedicinal recipes for the management of tuberculosis and related ailments. A collaborative preliminary modern scientific evaluation of the efficacy of some Nigerian ethnomedicines used by traditional medicine practitioners (TMPs) in the management of tuberculosis and related ailments has been carried out. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ethnomedicinal recipes (ETMs) were collected from TMPs from locations in various ecological zones of Nigeria under a collaborative understanding. The aqueous methanolic extracts of the ETMs were screened against Mycobacterium bovis, BCG and Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain H37Rv using the broth microdilution method. RESULTS Extracts of ETMs screened against BCG showed 69% activity against the organism. The activities varied from weak, ≤2500 µg/mL to highly active, 33 µg/mL 64% of the extracts were active against Mycobacterium tuberculosis The activities of the extracts against Mycobacterium tuberculosis varied from weak, ≤2500 µg/mL to highly active, 128 µg/mL. There was 77% agreement in results obtained using BCG or Mycobacterium tuberculosis as test organisms. CONCLUSION The results show clear evidence for the efficacy of the majority of indigenous Nigerian herbal recipes in the ethnomedicinal management of tuberculosis and related ailments. BCG may be effectively used, to a great extent, as the organism for screening for potential anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis agents. A set of prioritization criteria for the selection of plants for initial further studies for the purpose of antituberculosis drug discovery research is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nneka N Ibekwe
- National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abuja, Nigeria; Department of Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - John B Nvau
- National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abuja, Nigeria; Department of Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Peters O Oladosu
- National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Auwal M Usman
- National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Kolo Ibrahim
- National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Helena I Boshoff
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Cynthia S Dowd
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA; 1Department of Chemistry, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Abayomi T Orisadipe
- National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abuja, Nigeria; Chemistry Division, Sheda Science and Technology Complex, Sheda, Abuja, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Clifton E Barry
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joseph I Okogun
- National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abuja, Nigeria; Pax Herbal Clinic & Research Laboratories, Benedictine Monastery, P. O. Box 150, Ewu-Esan, Edo State, Nigeria; Department of Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
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