1
|
Fuentealba C, Álvarez F, Ponce E, Veas S, Salazar M, Romero D, Ayala-Raso A, Alvaro JE, Valdenegro M, Figueroa CR, Fuentes L. Differences in primary metabolism related to quality of raspberry ( Rubus idaeus L.) fruit under open field and protected soilless culture growing conditions. Front Plant Sci 2024; 14:1324066. [PMID: 38273957 PMCID: PMC10808700 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1324066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Introduction The raspberry (Rubus idaeus) fruit is characterized by good taste and high acceptability by consumers. Thus, the impact on the quality attributes and metabolites related to raspberry taste should be evaluated in crop alternatives such as the protected soilless culture. This study aimed to evaluate the metabolic changes during fruit development and postharvest of raspberry grown in open field and protected soilless culture and their relationship with quality parameters and sensory perception. Methods In this study, the quality parameters and polar metabolites -sugar and amino acids- content were evaluated during raspberry ripening. In addition, ripe fruit was stored at 1 °C for five days, followed by one day of shelf life at 20 °C. Results The physiological and quality parameters showed typical changes during ripening in both growing conditions: a constant production of CO2, a drastic loss of firmness, an increase in weight and soluble solids content, loss of acidity, and a turning to red color from the green to fully ripe fruit stages in both growing conditions. Fruit from the protected soilless culture had significantly higher weight but a lower soluble solids content. The metabolic analysis showed differences in primary metabolites content during ripening and storage at 1 °C between both growing conditions. The raspberries grown in the open field showed higher contents of sugars such as D-glucose and D-fructose. On the contrary, the fruit from the protected soilless culture showed higher contents of some amino acids such as L-alanine, L-serine and L-valine, among others. The sensorial panel showed significant differences in the perception of the sweetness, acidity, color and firmness of ripe fruit from both growing conditions. Discussion The present study provides interesting and useful results with direct commercial application for this alternative growing system, mainly in areas where soil and water scarcity are a reality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Fuentealba
- Escuela de Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas y de los Alimentos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Quillota, Chile
| | - Fernanda Álvarez
- Centro Regional de Estudios en Alimentos Saludables (CREAS), Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Excequel Ponce
- Escuela de Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas y de los Alimentos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Quillota, Chile
| | - Sebastian Veas
- Escuela de Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas y de los Alimentos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Quillota, Chile
| | - Martina Salazar
- Centro Regional de Estudios en Alimentos Saludables (CREAS), Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Diego Romero
- Centro Regional de Estudios en Alimentos Saludables (CREAS), Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Anibal Ayala-Raso
- Instituto de Estadística, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Juan E. Alvaro
- Escuela de Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas y de los Alimentos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Quillota, Chile
| | - Monika Valdenegro
- Escuela de Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas y de los Alimentos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Quillota, Chile
| | - Carlos R. Figueroa
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Lida Fuentes
- Centro Regional de Estudios en Alimentos Saludables (CREAS), Valparaíso, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Álvarez F, Moya M, Rivera-Mora C, Zúñiga PE, Jara-Cornejo K, Muñoz P, Ayala-Raso A, Munné-Bosch S, Figueroa CR, Figueroa NE, Valdenegro M, Alvaro JE, Schwab W, Defilippi BG, Fuentes L. Abscisic Acid Synthesis and Signaling during the Ripening of Raspberry ( Rubus idaeus 'Heritage') Fruit. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:plants12091882. [PMID: 37176940 PMCID: PMC10180958 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) fruit is characterized by its richness in functional molecules and high nutritional value, but the high rate of fruit softening limits its quality during postharvest. Raspberry drupelets have a particular ripening regulation, depending partially on the effect of ethylene produced from the receptacle. However, the possible role of abscisic acid (ABA) in the modulation of quality parameters during the ripening of raspberry is unclear. This study characterized the fruit quality-associated parameters and hormonal contents during fruit development in two seasons. The quality parameters showed typical changes during ripening: a drastic loss of firmness, increase in soluble solids content, loss of acidity, and turning to a red color from the large green stage to fully ripe fruit in both seasons. A significant increase in the ABA content was observed during the ripening of drupelets and receptacles, with the higher content in the receptacle of ripe and overripe stages compared to the large green stage. Moreover, identification of ABA biosynthesis-(9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase/NCED) and ABA receptor-related genes (PYRs-like receptors) showed three genes encoding RiNCEDs and nine genes for RiPYLs. The expression level of these genes increased from the large green stage to the full-ripe stage, specifically characterized by a higher expression of RiNCED1 in the receptacle tissue. This study reports a consistent concomitant increase in the ABA content and the expression of RiNCED1, RiPYL1, and RiPYL8 during the ripening of the raspberry fruit, thus supporting the role for ABA signaling in drupelets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Álvarez
- Centro Regional de Estudios en Alimentos Saludables (CREAS), CONICYT-Regional GORE Valparaíso Proyecto R17A10001, Avenida Universidad 330, Placilla, Curauma, Valparaíso 2362696, Chile
| | - Mario Moya
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3465548, Chile
| | - Claudia Rivera-Mora
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3465548, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus for the Development of Super Adaptable Plants (MN-SAP), Santiago 8340755, Chile
| | - Paz E Zúñiga
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3465548, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus for the Development of Super Adaptable Plants (MN-SAP), Santiago 8340755, Chile
| | - Karla Jara-Cornejo
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3465548, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus for the Development of Super Adaptable Plants (MN-SAP), Santiago 8340755, Chile
| | - Paula Muñoz
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecología i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal, 645, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aníbal Ayala-Raso
- Instituto de Estadística, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - Sergi Munné-Bosch
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecología i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal, 645, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos R Figueroa
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3465548, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus for the Development of Super Adaptable Plants (MN-SAP), Santiago 8340755, Chile
| | - Nicolás E Figueroa
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technical University Munich, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Mónika Valdenegro
- Escuela de Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas y de los Alimentos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Casilla 4-D, Quillota 2260000, Chile
| | - Juan E Alvaro
- Escuela de Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas y de los Alimentos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Casilla 4-D, Quillota 2260000, Chile
| | - Wilfried Schwab
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technical University Munich, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Bruno G Defilippi
- Unidad de Postcosecha, INIA La Platina, Santa Rosa, Santiago 8820000, Chile
| | - Lida Fuentes
- Centro Regional de Estudios en Alimentos Saludables (CREAS), CONICYT-Regional GORE Valparaíso Proyecto R17A10001, Avenida Universidad 330, Placilla, Curauma, Valparaíso 2362696, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Beyer CP, Barrientos-Sanhueza C, Ponce E, Pedreschi R, Cuneo IF, Alvaro JE. Differential Hydraulic Properties and Primary Metabolism in Fine Root of Avocado Trees Rootstocks. Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:1059. [PMID: 35448786 PMCID: PMC9031253 DOI: 10.3390/plants11081059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Avocados (Persea americana Mill.) are one of the crops with the highest water footprints in Chile and the production is at risk due to severe and frequent droughts. The current production is mostly based on sexually (seed) propagated rootstocks, while clonally propagated rootstocks are on the rise. In a recent study, we found differences in aerial, root growth and water use efficiency between trees grown on these two different rootstocks under controlled continuous fertigation and environmental conditions. In this study, we further describe possible mechanisms which drive the differences. Avocado cv. "Hass" grafted on "Dusa" (D, clonally propagated) and "Mexicola" (M, sexually propagated) rootstocks and different root segments (3, 5 and 8 cm from root tip) were investigated using a combination of hydraulic measurements and polar metabolite (GC-MS) techniques. The results show significant differences in root hydraulic properties, indicating that "Mexicola" fine roots have higher water uptake capacity. The polar metabolites analysis revealed 13 compounds significantly different between rootstocks while nine were found significantly different among root segments. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed differences between rootstocks and root segments. The data presented here highlight the importance of considering key physiological knowledge in avocado rootstocks breeding programs to be better prepared for future challenging environmental conditions.
Collapse
|
4
|
Pedreschi R, Uarrota V, Fuentealba C, Alvaro JE, Olmedo P, Defilippi BG, Meneses C, Campos-Vargas R. Primary Metabolism in Avocado Fruit. Front Plant Sci 2019; 10:795. [PMID: 31293606 PMCID: PMC6606701 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Avocado (Persea americana Mill) is rich in a variety of essential nutrients and phytochemicals; thus, consumption has drastically increased in the last 10 years. Avocado unlike other fruit is characterized by oil accumulation during growth and development and presents a unique carbohydrate pattern. There are few previous and current studies related to primary metabolism. The fruit is also quite unique since it contains large amounts of C7 sugars (mannoheptulose and perseitol) acting as transportable and storage sugars and as potential regulators of fruit ripening. These C7 sugars play a central role during fruit growth and development, but still confirmation is needed regarding the biosynthetic routes and the physiological function during growth and development of avocado fruit. Relatively recent transcriptome studies on avocado mesocarp during development and ripening have revealed that most of the oil is synthesized during early stages of development and that oil synthesis is halted when the fruit is harvested (pre-climacteric stage). Most of the oil is accumulated in the form of triacylglycerol (TAG) representing 60-70% in dry basis of the mesocarp tissue. During early stages of fruit development, high expression of transcripts related to fatty acid and TAG biosynthesis has been reported and downregulation of same genes in more advanced stages but without cessation of the process until harvest. The increased expression of fatty acid key genes and regulators such as PaWRI1, PaACP4-2, and PapPK-β-1 has also been reported to be consistent with the total fatty acid increase and fatty acid composition during avocado fruit development. During postharvest, there is minimal change in the fatty acid composition of the fruit. Almost inexistent information regarding the role of organic acid and amino acid metabolism during growth, development, and ripening of avocado is available. Cell wall metabolism understanding in avocado, even though crucial in terms of fruit quality, still presents severe gaps regarding the interactions between cell wall remodeling, fruit development, and postharvest modifications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Romina Pedreschi
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Postcosecha y Bioquímica de Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas y de los Alimentos, Escuela de Agronomía, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaiso, Chile
| | - Virgilio Uarrota
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Postcosecha y Bioquímica de Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas y de los Alimentos, Escuela de Agronomía, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaiso, Chile
| | - Claudia Fuentealba
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Postcosecha y Bioquímica de Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas y de los Alimentos, Escuela de Agronomía, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaiso, Chile
| | - Juan E. Alvaro
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Postcosecha y Bioquímica de Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas y de los Alimentos, Escuela de Agronomía, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaiso, Chile
| | - Patricio Olmedo
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Bruno G. Defilippi
- Unidad de Postcosecha, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA La Platina, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Meneses
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Reinaldo Campos-Vargas
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|