Development of Deep Learning Technique of Features for the Analysis of Clinical Images Integrated with CANN

Computer tomography is an extensively used method for the detection of the disease in the subjects. Basically, computer-aided tomography depending on the artificial intelligence reveals its significance in smart health care monitoring system. Owing to its security and the private issue, analyzing the computed tomography dataset has become a tedious process. This study puts forward the convolutional autoencrypted deep learning neural network to assist unsupervised learning technique. By carrying out various experiments, our proposed method produces better results comparative to other traditional methods, which efficaciously solves the issues related to the artificial image description. Hence, the convolutional autoencoder is widely used in measuring the lumps in the bronchi. With the unsupervised machine learning, the extracted features are used for various applications.

Larvicidal and histopathology effect of endophytic fungal extracts of Aspergillus tamarii against Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus

Background

Mosquitoes biolarvicides remain the most important method for mosquito control. The previous studies have shown Aspergillus sp.-expressed larvicidal properties against mosquito species. The present study evaluated larvicidal and histopathological effect of an endophytic fungus Aspergillus tamarii isolated from theCactus stem (Opuntia ficus-indica Mill).

Method

The molecular identification of isolated A. tamarii was done by PCR amplification (5.8s rDNA) using a universal primer (ITS-1 and ITS-2). The secondary metabolites of A. tamarii was tested for larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus. Larvicidal bioassay of different concentrations (- 100, 300, 500, 800 and 1000 μg/mL) isolated extracts were done according to the modified protocol. Each test included a set of control groups (i.e. DMSO and distilled water). The lethal concentrations (LC₅₀ and LC₉₀) were calculated by probit analysis. Experimental monitoring duration was 48 h.

Results

The ethyl acetate extract from A. tamarii fungus resulted - excellent mosquitocidal effect against Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus mosquitoes, with least LC₅₀ and LC₉₀ values. -After 48 h, the Ae. aegypti expressed better results (LC₅₀ = 29.10, 18.69, 16.76, 36.78 μg/mL and the LC₉₀ = 45.59, 27.66, 27.50, 54.00 μg/mL) followed by Cx. quinquefaciatus (LC₅₀ = 3.23, 24.99, 11.24, 10.95 μg/mL and the LC₉₀ = 8.37, 8.29, 21.36, 20.28 μg/mL). The biochemical level of A. tamarii mycelium extract on both larvae was measured and the results shown a dose dependent activity on the level of AchE, α- and β-carboxylesterase assay. Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) profile of A. tamarii extract reflected three compounds i.e. preg-4-en-3-one, 17. α-hydroxy-17. β-cyano- (7.39%), trans-3-undecene-1,5-diyne (45.77%) and pentane, 1,1,1,5-tetrachloro- (32.16%) which which might had attributed to larvae mortality.

Conclusion

The findings of - present study shows that the use of endophytic A. tamarii fungal metabolites for control of dengue and filariasis vectors is promising and needs a semifield and small scale filed trials.

Epilepsy Seizure Detection Using Akima Spline Interpolation Based Ensemble Empirical Mode Kalman Filter Decomposition by EEG Signals

Epilepsy is an incessant neurological disorder. The Epilepsy seizures are generated due to the aggravation in transient signals in Cerebrum. These seizures can be detected by analyzing the Electroencephalogram (EEG) Signals. The Akima Spline Interpolation based Ensemble Empirical Mode Kalman Filter Decomposition (ASI-EEMKFD) model proposed in the paper focuses on detecting seizures automatically through a stable algorithm written in Python by using PyEEG package. The signal detection process is done in three phases. First, the EEG signals are acquired through data sets. Then the signal is decomposed using Akima Spline interpolation for finding the intrinsic mode function. Further the signal is decomposed by implementing the steps involved in the Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD). During the decomposition Kalman filter is used in order to remove the white Gaussian noise. Finally, the decomposed signals are applied to the Long Term Short Term Memory (LTST) deep learning classifier which classifies the ictal, pre-ictal and healthy signal. Our proposed method produces the result higher compared with the existing EEMD Methods with the accuracy rate of 98.2%, sensitivity of 94.96% and specificity of 93.72%.

Review on diverse approaches used for epileptic seizure detection using EEG signals

Epileptic seizure detection is a common diagnosis practiced by the expert clinicians through direct visual observation from the electroencephalography (EEG) signal. This detection by the expert clinicians is considered sensitive to bias and time consuming. Further, it suffers from various problems like unsustainability in larger dataset processing and low power detection. Hence, many computerized detection approaches are highly preferred to eliminate the aforementioned problems and to expedite the research in epilepsy seizure detection for aiding the medical professionals. Many such automated epilepsy diagnosis framework has been designed by various researches, which is made to operate in a single or in a combined manner with other domains. This study reviews different approaches, which is been designed to aid the human diagnosis using new avenues that explains the causes of epilepsy and seizures. Further, this study summarizes various methods used previously to analyze the epilepsy and seizures based on its state of art approach. Also, investigations are carried out in terms of performance evaluation to find the best suitable epileptic seizure detection technique in the application of Neuro-informatics.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.17(4) 2018 p.526-531

Spondyloenchondrodysplasia Due to Mutations in ACP5: A Comprehensive Survey

Purpose

Spondyloenchondrodysplasia is a rare immuno-osseous dysplasia caused by biallelic mutations in ACP5. We aimed to provide a survey of the skeletal, neurological and immune manifestations of this disease in a cohort of molecularly confirmed cases.

Methods

We compiled clinical, genetic and serological data from a total of 26 patients from 18 pedigrees, all with biallelic ACP5 mutations.

Results

We observed a variability in skeletal, neurological and immune phenotypes, which was sometimes marked even between affected siblings. In total, 22 of 26 patients manifested autoimmune disease, most frequently autoimmune thrombocytopenia and systemic lupus erythematosus. Four patients were considered to demonstrate no clinical autoimmune disease, although two were positive for autoantibodies. In the majority of patients tested we detected upregulated expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), in keeping with the autoimmune phenotype and the likely immune-regulatory function of the deficient protein tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP). Two mutation positive patients did not demonstrate an upregulation of ISGs, including one patient with significant autoimmune disease controlled by immunosuppressive therapy.

Conclusions

Our data expand the known phenotype of SPENCD. We propose that the OMIM differentiation between spondyloenchondrodysplasia and spondyloenchondrodysplasia with immune dysregulation is no longer appropriate, since the molecular evidence that we provide suggests that these phenotypes represent a continuum of the same disorder. In addition, the absence of an interferon signature following immunomodulatory treatments in a patient with significant autoimmune disease may indicate a therapeutic response important for the immune manifestations of spondyloenchondrodysplasia.

Correction: Anomalous red emission with competition and coexistence of defect and band edge emission in photo-electrochemically active (Zn0.97Ga0.03)(O0.95N0.05) solid solution

Correction for ‘Anomalous red emission with competition and coexistence of defect and band edge emission in photo-electrochemically active (Zn_0.97Ga_0.03)(O_0.95N_0.05) solid solution’ by Sumithra Sivadas Menon et al., RSC Adv., 2016, 6, 103081–103087.

Anomalous red emission with competition and coexistence of defect and band edge emission in photo-electrochemically active (Zn0.97Ga0.03)(O0.95N0.05) solid solution

Photo-electrochemically active nanostructured (Zn_0.97Ga_0.03)(O_0.95N_0.05) synthesized by solution combustion technique exhibiting anomalous red emission in room temperature.

Toxic Effects of Couroupita guianensis Against Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Laboratory experiments were conducted to find out the efficacy of different crude extracts and fractions of Couroupita guianensis (Lecythidaceae) against Spodoptera litura (Fabricius). Results revealed that hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts of C. guianensis showed larvicidal and pupicidal activities against S. litura. Maximum larvicidal activity (68.66%) was observed in hexane extract at 5.0% concentration followed by chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts, and least LC50 value of 2.64% was observed in hexane extract. A 100% pupicidal activity was observed in hexane extract. Based on the efficacy of crude extracts, the effective crude extract (hexane extract) was further fractionated and subjected to screening for biological activities against S. litura. Among the eight fractions isolated from the hexane extract, fraction 8 showed maximum antifeedant activity (81. 8%) and larvicidal activity (76.9%) at 1000-ppm concentration; this fraction showed least LC50 value of 375.92 ppm for larvicidal activity. Cent per cent pupicidal activity was recorded. Reduced midgut and hemolymph protein contents were observed at 1000 ppm of fraction 8. Histopathological studies revealed that fraction 8 severely damaged the midgut cells of S. litura. This fraction could be used to develop botanical formulation to control agricultural pests.

Anomalous room temperature magnetoresistance in brownmillerite Ca2Fe2O5

Anomalous magnetoresistance in wet chemical synthesized bulk polycrystalline Ca₂Fe₂O₅and its comparative magnetic features with nanostructured Ca₂Fe₂O₅.

Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase deficiency causes a bone dysplasia with autoimmunity and a type I interferon expression signature

We studied ten individuals from eight families showing features consistent with the immuno-osseus dysplasia spondyloenchondrodysplasia (SPENCD). Of particular note was the diverse spectrum of autoimmune phenotypes observed in these patients, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Sjögren's syndrome, haemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, hypothyroidism, inflammatory myositis, Raynaud's disease, and vitiligo. Haplotype data indicated the disease gene to be on chromosome 19p13 and linkage analysis yielded a combined multipoint lod score of 3.6. Sequencing of the ACP5 gene, encoding tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), identified biallelic mutations in each of the patients studied, and in vivo testing confirmed a loss of expressed protein. All eight patients assayed demonstrated elevated serum interferon alpha activity, and gene expression profiling in whole blood defined a type I interferon signature. Our findings reveal a previously unrecognised link between TRAP activity and interferon metabolism, and highlight the importance of type I interferon in the genesis of autoimmunity.

Bioefficacy of Aristolochia tagala Cham. against Spodoptera litura Fab. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Bioefficacy of leaf and root extracts of Aristolochia tagala Cham. at different concentrations was evaluated at room temperature against Spodoptera litura Fab. Effects on feeding, larvicidal and pupicidal activities and larval-pupal duration were studied. Higher antifeedant activity (56.06%), lethal concentration for feeding inhibition (3.69%), larvicidal (40.66%), pupicidal (28%), total mortality (68.66%) and prolonged larval-pupal duration (12.04-13.08 days) were observed in ethyl acetate leaf extract at 5.0% concentration. Dose dependant effect of test extracts was observed. This plant could be used to isolate active principles and to develop a new botanical formulation in pest management programmes.

Optical and field-emission properties of ZnO nanostructures deposited using high-pressure pulsed laser deposition

ZnO nanostructures were deposited on GaN (0001), Al2O3 (0001), and Si (100) substrates using a high-pressure pulsed laser deposition (PLD) method. Vertically aligned hexagonal-pyramidal ZnO nanorods were obtained on the Al2O3 and Si substrates whereas interlinked ZnO nanowalls were obtained on the GaN substrates. A growth mechanism has been proposed for the formation of ZnO nanowalls based on different growth rates of ZnO polar and nonpolar planes. Both ZnO nanorods and nanowalls exhibit a strong E2H vibration mode in the micro-Raman spectra. The corresponding fluorescence spectra of ZnO nanorods and nanowalls showed near band emission at 3.28 eV. The ZnO nanorods grown on the Si substrates exhibited better crystalline and optical properties compared with the ZnO structures grown on the GaN and Al2O3 substrates. The high aspect ratio, good vertical alignment, and better crystallinity of the ZnO nanorods with tapered tips exhibited promising field emission performance with a low turn-on field of 2 V/μm, a high current density of 7.7 mA/cm2, and a large field enhancement factor.

A syndrome of immunodeficiency, autoimmunity, and spondylometaphyseal dysplasia

We treated a 5-year-old boy, in our hospital in south India, who had a history of recurrent respiratory infections, tuberculosis, and severe varicella infection. He was short in build and a radiological examination revealed evidence of spondylometaphyseal dysplasia. Investigation of the immune system was suggestive of compromised cellular immunity. Immunofluorescence and immunoblot assay for antibodies detected underlying multiple disorders such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), autoimmune thrombocytopenia, and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA). Roifman et al. described a similar syndrome in 2000 and 2003, which was characterized by spondylometaphyseal dyplasia, combined immunodeficiency, and autoimmunity and called it Roifman-Costa syndrome (OMIM 607944). Hence a diagnosis of Roifman-Costa syndrome was made. Ours shall be the first report of such a condition from the Indian subcontinent and hence the communication.