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Burgess STG, Nunn F, Bartley K, Frew D, McLean K, Inglis NF, McGeachy K, Taliansky ME, Love AJ, Nisbet AJ. Psoroptes ovis-Early Immunoreactive Protein (Pso-EIP-1) a novel diagnostic antigen for sheep scab. Parasite Immunol 2020; 42:e12788. [PMID: 32854149 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Serodiagnosis of sheep scab is an established diagnostic method and has become popular in recent years. However, the current diagnostic antigen, Pso o 2, has shown promise as a component of a recombinant vaccine for scab, making it incompatible with discriminating between infected and vaccinated animals (DIVA). Here, we describe the discovery and characterization of a novel Psoroptes ovis immunodiagnostic antigen, P. ovis-Early Immunoreactive Protein-1 (Pso-EIP-1). METHODS AND RESULTS Pso-EIP-1 is a highly abundant member of a six-gene family with no known homologs, indicating its potential uniqueness to P. ovis. Expression of recombinant Pso-EIP-1 (rPso-EIP-1) required a C-terminal fusion protein for stability and specific IgG immunoreactivity against rPso-EIP-1 was observed in sheep serum from 1 to 2 weeks post-infestation, indicating its highly immunogenic nature. Two of the three in silico-predicted B-cell epitopes of Pso-EIP-1 were confirmed by in vitro epitope mapping and, in a direct comparison by ELISA, Pso-EIP-1 performed to the same levels as Pso o 2 in terms of sensitivity, specificity and ability to diagnose P. ovis on sheep within 2 weeks of infestation. CONCLUSION Pso-EIP-1 represents a novel diagnostic antigen for sheep scab with comparable levels of sensitivity and specificity to the existing Pso o 2 antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stewart T G Burgess
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Francesca Nunn
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kath Bartley
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David Frew
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kevin McLean
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Neil F Inglis
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Michael E Taliansky
- The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, UK.,Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Andrew J Nisbet
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Edinburgh, UK
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Sinitsyna OV, Makarov VV, McGeachy K, Bukharova T, Whale E, Hepworth D, Yaminsky IV, Kalinina NO, Taliansky ME, Love AJ. Virus-Like Particle Facilitated Deposition of Hydroxyapatite Bone Mineral on Nanocellulose after Exposure to Phosphate and Calcium Precursors. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1814. [PMID: 31013736 PMCID: PMC6515374 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We produced and isolated tobacco mosaic virus-like particles (TMV VLPs) from bacteria, which are devoid of infectious genomes, and found that they have a net negative charge and can bind calcium ions. Moreover, we showed that the TMV VLPs could associate strongly with nanocellulose slurry after a simple mixing step. We sequentially exposed nanocellulose alone or slurries mixed with the TMV VLPs to calcium and phosphate salts and utilized physicochemical approaches to demonstrate that bone mineral (hydroxyapatite) was deposited only in nanocellulose mixed with the TMV VLPs. The TMV VLPs confer mineralization properties to the nanocellulose for the generation of new composite materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V Sinitsyna
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Valentine V Makarov
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia.
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Kara McGeachy
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK.
| | - Tatyana Bukharova
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK.
| | - Eric Whale
- CelluComp Ltd., Unit 3, West Dock, Harbour Place, Burntisland KY3 9DW, UK.
| | - David Hepworth
- CelluComp Ltd., Unit 3, West Dock, Harbour Place, Burntisland KY3 9DW, UK.
| | - Igor V Yaminsky
- Physical Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Natalia O Kalinina
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia.
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Michael E Taliansky
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow 119991, Russia.
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK.
| | - Andrew J Love
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK.
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Chapman S, Stevens LJ, Boevink PC, Engelhardt S, Alexander CJ, Harrower B, Champouret N, McGeachy K, Van Weymers PSM, Chen X, Birch PRJ, Hein I. Detection of the virulent form of AVR3a from Phytophthora infestans following artificial evolution of potato resistance gene R3a. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110158. [PMID: 25340613 PMCID: PMC4207746 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Engineering resistance genes to gain effector recognition is emerging as an important step in attaining broad, durable resistance. We engineered potato resistance gene R3a to gain recognition of the virulent AVR3aEM effector form of Phytophthora infestans. Random mutagenesis, gene shuffling and site-directed mutagenesis of R3a were conducted to produce R3a* variants with gain of recognition towards AVR3aEM. Programmed cell death following gain of recognition was enhanced in iterative rounds of artificial evolution and neared levels observed for recognition of AVR3aKI by R3a. We demonstrated that R3a*-mediated recognition responses, like for R3a, are dependent on SGT1 and HSP90. In addition, this gain of response is associated with re-localisation of R3a* variants from the cytoplasm to late endosomes when co-expressed with either AVR3aKI or AVR3aEM a mechanism that was previously only seen for R3a upon co-infiltration with AVR3aKI. Similarly, AVR3aEM specifically re-localised to the same vesicles upon recognition by R3a* variants, but not with R3a. R3a and R3a* provide resistance to P. infestans isolates expressing AVR3aKI but not those homozygous for AVR3aEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Chapman
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie-Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Laura J. Stevens
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie-Dundee, United Kingdom
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Dundee at James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie-Dundee, United Kingdom
- Dundee Effector Consortium, Invergowrie-Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Petra C. Boevink
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie-Dundee, United Kingdom
- Dundee Effector Consortium, Invergowrie-Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Engelhardt
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Dundee at James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie-Dundee, United Kingdom
- Dundee Effector Consortium, Invergowrie-Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Colin J. Alexander
- Biomathematics and Statistics Scotland, Invergowrie-Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Brian Harrower
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie-Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Nicolas Champouret
- J.R. Simplot Company, Simplot Plant Sciences, Boise, Idaho, United States of America
| | - Kara McGeachy
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie-Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Pauline S. M. Van Weymers
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie-Dundee, United Kingdom
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Dundee at James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie-Dundee, United Kingdom
- Dundee Effector Consortium, Invergowrie-Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Xinwei Chen
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie-Dundee, United Kingdom
- Dundee Effector Consortium, Invergowrie-Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Paul R. J. Birch
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie-Dundee, United Kingdom
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Dundee at James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie-Dundee, United Kingdom
- Dundee Effector Consortium, Invergowrie-Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Ingo Hein
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie-Dundee, United Kingdom
- Dundee Effector Consortium, Invergowrie-Dundee, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Wright KM, Chapman S, McGeachy K, Humphris S, Campbell E, Toth IK, Holden NJ. The endophytic lifestyle of Escherichia coli O157:H7: quantification and internal localization in roots. Phytopathology 2013; 103:333-40. [PMID: 23506361 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-08-12-0209-fi] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The foodborne pathogen Escherichia coli O157:H7 is increasingly associated with fresh produce (fruit and vegetables). Bacterial colonization of fresh produce plants can occur to high levels on the external tissue but bacteria have also been detected within plant tissue. However, questions remain about the extent of internalization, its molecular basis, and internal location of the bacteria. We have determined the extent of internalization of E. coli O157:H7 in live spinach and lettuce plants and used high-resolution microscopy to examine colony formation in roots and pathways to internalization. E. coli O157:H7 was found within internal tissue of both produce species. Colonization occurred within the apoplast between plant cells. Furthermore, colonies were detected inside the cell wall of epidermal and cortical cells of spinach and Nicotiana benthamiana roots. Internal colonization of epidermal cells resembled that of the phytopathogen Pectobacterium atrosepticum on potato. In contrast, only sporadic cells of the laboratory strain of E. coli K-12 were found on spinach, with no internal bacteria evident. The data extend previous findings that internal colonization of plants appears to be limited to a specific group of plant-interacting bacteria, including E. coli O157:H7, and demonstrates its ability to invade the cells of living plants.
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