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Granai M, Warm V, Vogelsberg A, Milla J, Greif K, Vogel U, Bakchoul T, Rosenberger P, Quintanilla-Martinez L, Schürch CM, Klingel K, Fend F, Bösmüller H. Impact of P-selectin-PSGL-1 Axis on Platelet-Endothelium-Leukocyte Interactions in Fatal COVID-19. J Transl Med 2023; 103:100179. [PMID: 37224922 PMCID: PMC10202465 DOI: 10.1016/j.labinv.2023.100179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In critically ill patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, early leukocyte recruitment to the respiratory system was found to be orchestrated by leukocyte trafficking molecules accompanied by massive secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and hypercoagulability. Our study aimed to explore the interplay between leukocyte activation and pulmonary endothelium in different disease stages of fatal COVID-19. Our study comprised 10 COVID-19 postmortem lung specimens and 20 control lung samples (5 acute respiratory distress syndrome, 2 viral pneumonia, 3 bacterial pneumonia, and 10 normal), which were stained for antigens representing the different steps of leukocyte migration: E-selectin, P-selectin, PSGL-1, ICAM1, VCAM1, and CD11b. Image analysis software QuPath was used for quantification of positive leukocytes (PSGL-1 and CD11b) and endothelium (E-selectin, P-selectin, ICAM1, VCAM1). Expression of IL-6 and IL-1β was quantified by RT-qPCR. Expression of P-selectin and PSGL-1 was strongly increased in the COVID-19 cohort compared with all control groups (COVID-19:Controls, 17:23, P < .0001; COVID-19:Controls, 2:75, P < .0001, respectively). Importantly, P-selectin was found in endothelial cells and associated with aggregates of activated platelets adherent to the endothelial surface in COVID-19 cases. In addition, PSGL-1 staining disclosed positive perivascular leukocyte cuffs, reflecting capillaritis. Moreover, CD11b showed a strongly increased positivity in COVID-19 compared with all controls (COVID-19:Controls, 2:89; P = .0002), indicating a proinflammatory immune microenvironment. Of note, CD11b exhibited distinct staining patterns at different stages of COVID-19 disease. Only in cases with very short disease course, high levels of IL-1β and IL-6 mRNA were observed in lung tissue. The striking upregulation of PSGL-1 and P-selectin reflects the activation of this receptor-ligand pair in COVID-19, increasing the efficiency of initial leukocyte recruitment, thus promoting tissue damage and immunothrombosis. Our results show that endothelial activation and unbalanced leukocyte migration play a central role in COVID-19 involving the P-selectin-PSGL-1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Granai
- Institute for Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Verena Warm
- Institute for Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Antonio Vogelsberg
- Institute for Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jakob Milla
- Institute for Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Karen Greif
- Institute for Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Vogel
- Institute for Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tamam Bakchoul
- Transfusion Medicine, Medical Faculty of Tübingen, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Centre for Clinical Transfusion Medicine Tübingen ZKT gGmbH, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter Rosenberger
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Christian M Schürch
- Institute for Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Karin Klingel
- Institute for Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Falko Fend
- Institute for Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Hans Bösmüller
- Institute for Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Wiedenhoefer R, Schmoeckel E, Grube M, Sulyok M, Pasternak I, Beschorner C, Greif K, Brucker S, Mayr D, Kommoss S, Fend F, Staebler A, Fischer AK. L1-CAM in Mucinous Ovarian Carcinomas and Borderline Tumors: Impact on Tumor Recurrence and Potential Role in Tumor Progression. Am J Surg Pathol 2023; 47:558-567. [PMID: 36852510 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000002027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Mucinous ovarian carcinoma (MOC) is a rare histotype of primary ovarian carcinoma. Frequent pathogenic molecular alterations include mutations in KRAS , TP53 , and overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, but without having prognostic relevance. As L1-CAM (cell adhesion molecule) has previously shown prognostic relevance in other epithelial tumors of the female genital tract, we analyzed whether L1-CAM expression affected MOC prognosis. In addition, we investigated L1-CAM expression in mucinous borderline tumors (MBOTs) with and without adjacent MOC to identify its potential role in the pathogenesis of MOC. We examined a well-characterized collective of 39 MOCs by immunohistochemistry and compared their expression with clinicopathologic data. L1-CAM positivity was defined as any (even single-cell) positivity. Furthermore, we compared the L1-CAM expression in 20 MBOT regions adjacent to a MOC with that of 15 pure MBOTs. L1-CAM expression in MOC was significantly associated with recurrence, independent of tumor stage. Overall, 7/20 positive cases recurred versus 0/19 L1-CAM-negative cases ( P =0.032), showing a significant difference in time to progression. Furthermore, the presence of at least 1 defined molecular alteration (L1-CAM, aberrant p53, or human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) was found more frequently in the MBOT regions adjacent to a MOC (14/20) than in pure MBOTs (3/15) ( P =0.024). Expression of the tumor marker L1-CAM is frequent (51%) in MOC and is associated with tumor recurrence. The lack of L1-CAM may serve to characterize cases with a low risk of recurrence. Furthermore, the presence of specific molecular alterations in MBOTs is associated with adjacent carcinomas and may define potential pathways in tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marcel Grube
- Department of Women's Health, Tuebingen University Hospital, Tuebingen
| | | | - Iana Pasternak
- Department of Women's Health, Tuebingen University Hospital, Tuebingen
| | | | | | - Sara Brucker
- Department of Women's Health, Tuebingen University Hospital, Tuebingen
| | - Doris Mayr
- Institute of Pathology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Kommoss
- Department of Women's Health, Tuebingen University Hospital, Tuebingen
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Bräutigam K, Reinhard S, Wartenberg M, Forster S, Greif K, Granai M, Bösmüller H, Klingel K, Schürch CM. Comprehensive analysis of SARS-CoV-2 receptor proteins in human respiratory tissues identifies alveolar macrophages as potential virus entry site. Histopathology 2023; 82:846-859. [PMID: 36700825 DOI: 10.1111/his.14871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
AIMS COVID-19 has had enormous consequences on global health-care and has resulted in millions of fatalities. The exact mechanism and site of SARS-CoV-2 entry into the body remains insufficiently understood. Recently, novel virus receptors were identified, and alveolar macrophages were suggested as a potential viral entry cell type and vector for intra-alveolar virus transmission. Here, we investigated the protein expression of 10 well-known and novel virus entry molecules along potential entry sites in humans using immunohistochemistry. METHODS AND RESULTS Samples of different anatomical sites from up to 93 patients were incorporated into tissue microarrays. Protein expression of ACE2, TMPRSS2, furin, CD147, C-type lectin receptors (CD169, CD209, CD299), neuropilin-1, ASGR1 and KREMEN1 were analysed. In lung tissues, at least one of the three receptors ACE2, ASGR1 or KREMEN1 was expressed in the majority of cases. Moreover, all the investigated molecules were found to be expressed in alveolar macrophages, and co-localisation with SARS-CoV-2 N-protein was demonstrated using dual immunohistochemistry in lung tissue from a COVID-19 autopsy. While CD169 and CD209 showed consistent protein expression in sinonasal, conjunctival and bronchiolar tissues, neuropilin-1 and ASGR1 were mostly absent, suggesting a minor relevance of these two molecules at these specific sites. CONCLUSION Our results extend recent discoveries indicating a role for these molecules in virus entry at different anatomical sites. Moreover, they support the notion of alveolar macrophages being a potential entry cell for SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefan Reinhard
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Stefan Forster
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Karen Greif
- Department of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital and Comprehensive Cancer Center Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Massimo Granai
- Department of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital and Comprehensive Cancer Center Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hans Bösmüller
- Department of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital and Comprehensive Cancer Center Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Karin Klingel
- Department of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital and Comprehensive Cancer Center Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian M Schürch
- Department of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital and Comprehensive Cancer Center Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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4
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Baudoux L, Staebler A, Greif K, Beschorner C, Krämer B, Hoffmann S, Neis F, Andress J, Grube M, Pasternak J, Krämer P, Taran FA, Brucker S, Kommoss S. Histopathologisches Ultrastaging zur Identifikation positiver Sentinellymphknoten in der Therapie des Endometriumkarzinoms: Retrospektive Analyse an einem großen Kollektiv der Universitätsfrauenklinik Tübingen. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1718121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L Baudoux
- Institut für Frauengesundheit Tübingen
| | - A Staebler
- Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen
| | - K Greif
- Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen
| | - C Beschorner
- Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen
| | - B Krämer
- Institut für Frauengesundheit Tübingen
| | | | - F Neis
- Institut für Frauengesundheit Tübingen
| | - J Andress
- Institut für Frauengesundheit Tübingen
| | - M Grube
- Institut für Frauengesundheit Tübingen
| | | | - P Krämer
- Institut für Frauengesundheit Tübingen
| | | | | | - S Kommoss
- Institut für Frauengesundheit Tübingen
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5
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Feil L, Senz J, Ta M, Huvila J, Greif K, Krämer B, Brucker S, Grimm C, Bartl T, Zeder-Gösz C, Schmöckel E, Trillsch F, Mahner S, Kommoss F, Lehr HA, Wiedemeyer K, Köbel M, Staebler A, Anglesio M, Kommoss S. Molecular stratification of clear cell ovarian carcinomas. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1718135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - J Senz
- University of British Columbia, OVCARE/Dep. of Obstetrics and Gynecology
| | - M Ta
- University of British Columbia, OVCARE/Dep. of Obstetrics and Gynecology
| | - J Huvila
- University of British Columbia, OVCARE/Dep. of Obstetrics and Gynecology
| | - K Greif
- Institut für Pathologie und Neuropathologie, Abteilung Allgemeine Pathologie und Pathologische Anatomie
| | | | | | - C Grimm
- Universitätsklinik für Frauenheilkunde, Abteilung für allgemeine Gynäkologie und gynäkologische Onkologie
| | - T Bartl
- Universitätsklinik für Frauenheilkunde, Abteilung für allgemeine Gynäkologie und gynäkologische Onkologie
| | - C Zeder-Gösz
- Klinikum der Universität München, Klinik und Poliklinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe
| | - E Schmöckel
- Pathologisches Institut der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
| | - F Trillsch
- Klinikum der Universität München, Klinik und Poliklinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe
| | - S Mahner
- Klinikum der Universität München, Klinik und Poliklinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe
| | - F Kommoss
- Institut für Pathologie im Medizin Campus Bodensee
| | - H.-A Lehr
- Institut für Pathologie im Medizin Campus Bodensee
| | - K Wiedemeyer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary
| | - M Köbel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary
| | - A Staebler
- Institut für Pathologie und Neuropathologie, Abteilung Allgemeine Pathologie und Pathologische Anatomie
| | - M Anglesio
- University of British Columbia, OVCARE/Dep. of Obstetrics and Gynecology
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6
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Grube M, Krämer P, Chiu D, Bosse T, Scheunhage D, Koebel M, Singh N, Manchanda R, Hammond R, Heitz F, Harter P, du Bois A, Ataseven B, Neudeck N, Beschorner C, Fischer A, Greif K, Krämer B, Brucker S, Talhouk A, Anglesio M, Staebler A, Kommoss S. Immunhistochemische Expression von L1CAM in endometrioiden Ovarialkarzinomen – Ein neuer prognostischer Marker? Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1718139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M Grube
- Universitätsfrauenklinik Tübingen
| | - P Krämer
- Universitätsfrauenklinik Tübingen
| | - D Chiu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of British Columbia
| | - T Bosse
- Leiden University Medical Center
| | | | - M Koebel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary
| | - N Singh
- Dept of Cellular Pathology, BartsHealth NHS Trust
| | - R Manchanda
- Dept of Cellular Pathology, BartsHealth NHS Trust
| | - R Hammond
- Dept of Cellular Pathology, BartsHealth NHS Trust
| | | | | | | | | | - N Neudeck
- Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen
| | - C Beschorner
- Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen
| | - A Fischer
- Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen
| | - K Greif
- Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen
| | - B Krämer
- Universitätsfrauenklinik Tübingen
| | | | - A Talhouk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of British Columbia
| | - M Anglesio
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of British Columbia
| | - A Staebler
- Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen
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7
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Wagner P, Kommoss F, Kommoss S, Hartkopf A, Pasternak I, Oberlechner E, Greif K, Wallwiener M, Neis F, Abele H, Krämer B, Reisenauer C, Staebler A, Wallwiener D, Brucker S, Taran F. Unexpected malignant uterine pathology: Incidence, characteristics and outcome in a large single-center series of hysterectomies for presumed benign uterine disease. Gynecol Oncol 2019; 153:49-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2018.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Bösmüller HC, Wagner P, Pham DL, Fischer AK, Greif K, Beschorner C, Sipos B, Fend F, Staebler A. CD56 (Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule) Expression in Ovarian Carcinomas: Association With High-Grade and Advanced Stage But Not With Neuroendocrine Differentiation. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2018; 27:239-245. [PMID: 27984374 DOI: 10.1097/igc.0000000000000888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neural cell adhesion molecule (CD56) has been proposed as a potential marker for neuroendocrine differentiation in carcinomas, together with synaptophysin and chromogranin A. However, CD56 immunoreactivity by itself can be found in a broad variety of tumors, including ovarian neoplasms. CD56 has recently been suggested as a potential target for antibody-based therapy. However, for ovarian carcinoma, there is only limited data available regarding the pattern of CD56 immunoreactivity, coexpression of neuroendocrine markers, and correlation with histological types and clinical parameters. METHODS In our study, we therefore evaluated CD56 staining by immunohistochemistry on a tissue micrroarray with 206 ovarian carcinomas, including 151 high-grade serous, 7 low-grade serous, 32 endometrioid, 11 clear cell, 5 mucinous, as well as 33 atypically proliferating serous tumors/serous borderline tumors. RESULTS At least focal CD56 immunoreactivity was observed in 65% of carcinomas of all histological types. Moderate staining with at least 10% positive cells was found in 44 (28%) high-grade serous carcinomas (HGSOCs), 2 (29%) low-grade serous and 3(9%) endometrioid carcinomas. Strong immunoreactivity was limited to 10 (7%) HGSOCs. There was no correlation with the expression of chromogranin or synaptophysin. Serous borderline tumors showed only weak and focal staining in 11 (33%). Expression of CD56 overall was significantly associated with high-grade and advanced stage. In the subgroup of HGSOCs, CD56 expression was associated with reduced overall survival (median 30 vs. 47 months, P = 0.039, log rank, univariate analysis). CONCLUSIONS CD56 (neural cell adhesion molecule) is frequently expressed in ovarian carcinomas and is significantly associated with HGSOC and advanced tumor stage. Due to its lack of correlation with neuroendocrine differentiation, CD56 expression is of limited diagnostic value, but may rather serve as a marker for tumor progression or as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Christian Bösmüller
- *Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, and †Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tübingen University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
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9
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Pasternak J, Wenz S, Taran FA, Krämer B, Hartkopf AD, Greif K, Wallwiener D, Fend F, Brucker SY, Staebler A, Kommoss S. Positive L1CAM immunohistochemistry in benign endometrial changes – potential pitfall in endometrial carcinoma pathology. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1606169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J Pasternak
- Department für Frauengesundheit, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen
| | - S Wenz
- Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen
| | - FA Taran
- Department für Frauengesundheit, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen
| | - B Krämer
- Department für Frauengesundheit, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen
| | - AD Hartkopf
- Department für Frauengesundheit, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen
| | - K Greif
- Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen
| | - D Wallwiener
- Department für Frauengesundheit, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen
| | - F Fend
- Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen
| | - SY Brucker
- Department für Frauengesundheit, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen
| | - A Staebler
- Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen
| | - S Kommoss
- Department für Frauengesundheit, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen
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Greif K, Beverung W, Langner F, Frankenberg D, Gellhaus A, Banaz-Yasar F. The PTB microbeam: a versatile instrument for radiobiological research. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2006; 122:313-5. [PMID: 17164277 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncl436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The PTB microbeam is routinely used for the irradiation of living cells using protons (1-20 MeV) and alpha particles (1-28 MeV). The beam diameter is approximately 2 microm (fwhm), achieved by focussing, resulting in an excellent energy resolution and practically no scattered particles. Recently, an electrostatic beam scanner was added to the facility which allows targeting of each cell within 1 ms. This and other improvements led to an increase in the experimental speed of the system to a maximum of 50,000 cells per hour including all experimental steps. To improve the versatility of the facility further, a module for automatic quantification of immunocytochemical staining was implemented. This allows the analysis of protein activation, taking into account the positional information of the irradiation run.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Greif
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany.
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11
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Göhde W, Uthe D, Wedemeyer N, Severin E, Greif K, Schlegel D, Brede HJ, Köhnlein W. Mutagenic effect of low energy neutrons on human chromosome 11. Int J Radiat Biol 2003; 79:911-8. [PMID: 14698959 DOI: 10.1080/09553000310001621419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The shape of the dose-effect curve for neutrons, i.e. the question as to whether the curve is linear or supralinear in the low-dose region, is still not clear. Therefore, the mutagenic effect of very low doses of low-energy neutrons was determined. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human-hamster hybrid A(L) cells contain human chromosome 11, which expresses the membrane protein CD59. This membrane protein can be detected immunologically and quantified by flow cytometry. The A(L) cells were irradiated with neutrons of 0.565, 2.5 or 14.8 MeV and the results were compared with those after 200 kVp X-rays. Before irradiation, cells spontaneously mutated in the CD59 gene were removed by magnetic cell sorting (MACS). RESULTS The relative biological effectiveness (RBE) for CD59 mutation induction was 19.8 (+/-2.7) for 0.565 MeV, 10.2 (+/-1.9) for 2.5 MeV, and 10.2 (+/-1.6) for 14.8 MeV neutrons. Linear mutation responses were obtained with all radiations except for 14.8 MeV neutrons where a supralinear curve may be a better fit. The deletion spectrum of mutated cell clones showed 29 Mbp deletions on average after irradiation with 0.069 Gy of 0.565 MeV neutrons. This scale of deletions is similar to that after 3 Gy 100 kV X-rays (=34 Mbp). For 50% cell survival, the RBE of the neutrons was 11 compared with 200 kV X-rays. CONCLUSIONS Neutrons of low energies (0.565 or 2.5 MeV) produce a linear dose-response for mutation in the tested dose range of 0.015-0.15 Gy. The neutron curve of 14.8 MeV can be approximated by a curvilinear or linear function.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Göhde
- Institut für Strahlenbiologie Westfälische Universität Münster Robert-Koch-Strasse 43 D-48149 Münster Germany.
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