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kammoun I, Miotello G, Ben Slama K, Armengaud J, Ghodhbane-Gtari F, Gtari M. The impact of Elaeagnus angustifolia root exudates on Parafrankia soli NRRL B-16219 exoproteome. J Genomics 2024; 12:58-70. [PMID: 38751381 PMCID: PMC11093716 DOI: 10.7150/jgen.93243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Root exudates from host plant species are known to play a critical role in the establishment and maintenance of symbiotic relationships with soil bacteria. In this study, we investigated the impact of root exudates from compatible host plant species; Elaeagnus angustifolia on the exoproteome of Parafrankia soli strain NRRL B-16219. A total of 565 proteins were evidenced as differentially abundant, with 32 upregulated and 533 downregulated in presence of the plant exudates. Analysis of the function of these proteins suggests that the bacterial strain is undergoing a complex metabolic reprogramming towards a new developmental phase elicited in presence of host plant root exudates. The upregulation of Type II/IV secretion system proteins among the differentially expressed proteins indicates their possible role in infecting the host plant, as shown for some rhizobia. Additionally, EF-Tu, proteins upregulated in this study, may function as an effector for the T4SSs and trigger plant defense responses. These findings suggest that Parafrankia soli may use EF-Tu to infect the actinorhizal host plant and pave the way for further investigations of the molecular mechanisms underlying the establishment of symbiotic relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikram kammoun
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering USCR Molecular Bacteriology and & Genomics, National Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Guylaine Miotello
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), CEA, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, SPI, 30200 Bagnols sur Cèze, France
| | - Karim Ben Slama
- Higher Institute of Applied Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Bioresources, Environment, and Biotechnology, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Jean Armengaud
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), CEA, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, SPI, 30200 Bagnols sur Cèze, France
| | - Faten Ghodhbane-Gtari
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering USCR Molecular Bacteriology and & Genomics, National Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
- Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Sidi Thabet, University of La Manouba, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | - Maher Gtari
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering USCR Molecular Bacteriology and & Genomics, National Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
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2
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Ben Yahia H, Trabelsi I, Arous F, García-Vela S, Torres C, Ben Slama K. Detection of linezolid and vancomycin resistant Enterococcus isolates collected from healthy chicken caecum. J Appl Microbiol 2024; 135:lxae027. [PMID: 38317636 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxae027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
AIM The poultry industry represents an important economic sector in Tunisia. This study aims to determine the antimicrobial resistance phenotypes and genotypes and virulence factors of enterococci collected from chicken caecum in Tunisia. METHODS AND RESULTS Forty-nine composite chicken caecum samples were recovered in 49 different Tunisian farms (December 2019-March 2020). Each composite sample corresponds to six individual caecum from each farm. Composite samples were plated on Slanetz-Bartley agar both supplemented (SB-Van) and not supplemented (SB) with vancomycin and isolates were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight. Antibiotic resistance and virulence genes were tested by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and sequencing and multilocus-sequence-typing of selected enterococci was performed. One hundred sixty seven enterococci of six different species were recovered. Acquired linezolid resistance was detected in 6 enterococci of 4/49 samples (8.1%): (A) four optrA-carrying Enterococcus faecalis isolates assigned to ST792, ST478, and ST968 lineages; (B) two poxtA-carrying Enterococcus faecium assigned to ST2315 and new ST2330. Plasmid typing highlighted the presence of the rep10, rep14, rep7, rep8, and pLG1 in these strains. One vancomycin-resistant E. faecium isolate (typed as ST1091) with vanA gene (included in Tn1546) was detected in SB-Van plates. The gelE, agg, esp, and hyl virulence genes were found in linezolid- and vancomycin-resistant enterococci. High resistance rates were identified in the enterococci recovered in SB plates: tetracycline [74.8%, tet(M) and tet(L) genes], erythromycin [65.9%, erm(B)], and gentamicin [37.1%, aac(6')-Ie-aph(2″)-Ia]. CONCLUSION The detection of emerging mechanisms of resistance related to linezolid and vancomycin in the fecal enterococci of poultry farms has public health implications, and further surveillance should be carried out to control their dissemination by the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houssem Ben Yahia
- Laboratoire Bioressources, Environnement et Biotechnologie (LR22ES04), Institut Supérieur des Sciences Biologiques Appliquées de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Islem Trabelsi
- Laboratoire Bioressources, Environnement et Biotechnologie (LR22ES04), Institut Supérieur des Sciences Biologiques Appliquées de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Fatma Arous
- Laboratoire Bioressources, Environnement et Biotechnologie (LR22ES04), Institut Supérieur des Sciences Biologiques Appliquées de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Sara García-Vela
- Area de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain
- Department of Food Science, University of Laval, QC G1V 0A6 Quebec, Canada
| | - Carmen Torres
- Area de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Karim Ben Slama
- Laboratoire Bioressources, Environnement et Biotechnologie (LR22ES04), Institut Supérieur des Sciences Biologiques Appliquées de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisie
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3
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Tayh G, Elmanama A, Selmi R, Slama KB. Antibiotic resistance profile and molecular characterization of extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) from human clinical samples in gaza strip, palestine. Lett Appl Microbiol 2023; 76:6902093. [PMID: 36688768 DOI: 10.1093/lambio/ovac033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The rates of antibiotic resistance in extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) have increased significantly in recent years. This study aims at studying antibiotic resistance, virulence factors (VFs), and the phylogenetic background of ExPEC isolated from Palestinian patients. A total of 42 ExPEC isolates were collected from patients with extraintestinal infections in three Palestinian hospitals. Antimicrobial susceptibility was studied by the disk diffusion method. Resistance/virulence-gene profiles, phylogenetic groups, and integron profiles of these isolates were studied by PCR. The susceptibility to carbapenems was detected in 90.5% of the isolates. Half of the isolates were resistant to ampicillin and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, and 33.3% of the isolates were multidrug-resistant. BlaTEM-1 was detected in seven isolates and blaOXA-1 was identified in one isolate. Sul, qnrA, and aac(6')-Ib-cr genes were found in 12, 3, and 2 isolates, respectively. Class 1 integron has been identified in 10 isolates with the gene cassette arrangement dhfr17 + aadA5. The isolates were distributed between phylogroups B2 and D. The presence of VFs, antibiotic resistance genes, and class 1 integron associated with phylogenetic groups (B2 and D) among multidrug-resistant (MDR)-ExPEC recovered from urinary tract infections (UTIs) patients will complicate infection management and increase therapy failure. Routine screening of antibiotic resistance is important for appropriate and efficient empirical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghassan Tayh
- Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisie.,Service de Microbiologie et d'Immunologie, Ecole Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire, Univ. Manouba, 2020 Sidi Thabet, Ariana, Tunisie
| | - Abdelraouf Elmanama
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Islamic University of Gaza, GF62+QJ3, Own Shawa St, Gaza Strip, State of Palestine
| | - Rachid Selmi
- Service de Microbiologie et d'Immunologie, Ecole Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire, Univ. Manouba, 2020 Sidi Thabet, Ariana, Tunisie
| | - Karim Ben Slama
- Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisie.,Institut Supérieur des Sciences Biologiques Appliquées de Tunis- Université de Tunis El Manar, 1006 Tunis, Tunisie
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4
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García-Vela S, Ben Said L, Soltani S, Guerbaa R, Fernández-Fernández R, Ben Yahia H, Ben Slama K, Torres C, Fliss I. Targeting Enterococci with Antimicrobial Activity against Clostridium perfringens from Poultry. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12020231. [PMID: 36830142 PMCID: PMC9952055 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12020231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Necrotic enteritis (NE), caused by Clostridium perfringens, is an emerging issue in poultry farming. New approaches, other than antibiotics, are necessary to prevent NE development and the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria. Enterococci are commensal microorganisms that can produce enterocins, antimicrobial peptides with activities against pathogens, and could be excellent candidates for protective cultures. This study aimed to screen and characterize Enterococcus strains of poultry origin for their inhibitory activity against C. perfringens. In total, 251 Enterococcus strains of poultry origin plus five bacteriocin-producing (BP+) E. durans strains of other origins were screened for antimicrobial activity against the indicator C. perfringens X2967 strain using the "spot on the lawn" method. We detected thirty-two BP+ strains (eleven Enterococcus faecium, nine E. gallinarum, eight E. faecalis, three E. durans, and one E. casseliflavus). We further studied the antimicrobial activity of the supernatants of these 32 BP+ strains using agar well diffusion and microtitration against a collection of 20 C. perfringens strains. Twelve BP+ enterococci that were found to exhibit antimicrobial activity against C. perfringens were characterized using whole genome sequencing. Among these, E. faecium X2893 and X2906 were the most promising candidates for further studies as protective cultures for poultry farming. Both strains belong to the sequence type ST722, harbor the genes encoding for enterocin A and enterocin B, do not possess acquired resistance genes, do not carry plasmids, and present the acm gene, which is implicated in host colonization. Further research is needed to determine the utility of these strains as protective cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara García-Vela
- Department of Food Science, University of Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Laila Ben Said
- Department of Food Science, University of Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Samira Soltani
- Department of Food Science, University of Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Ramzi Guerbaa
- Department of Food Science, University of Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Laboratoire Bioressources, Environnement et Biotechnologie (LR22ES04), Institut Supérieur des Sciences Biologiques Appliquées de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1006, Tunisia
| | - Rosa Fernández-Fernández
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Houssem Ben Yahia
- Laboratoire Bioressources, Environnement et Biotechnologie (LR22ES04), Institut Supérieur des Sciences Biologiques Appliquées de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1006, Tunisia
| | - Karim Ben Slama
- Laboratoire Bioressources, Environnement et Biotechnologie (LR22ES04), Institut Supérieur des Sciences Biologiques Appliquées de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1006, Tunisia
| | - Carmen Torres
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain
- Correspondence: (C.T.); (I.F.)
| | - Ismail Fliss
- Department of Food Science, University of Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Correspondence: (C.T.); (I.F.)
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Ben Sallem R, Arfaoui A, Najjari A, Carvalho I, Lekired A, Ouzari HI, Ben Slama K, Wong A, Torres C, Klibi N. First Report of IMI-2-Producing Enterobacter bugandensis and CTX-M-55-Producing Escherichia coli isolated from Healthy Volunteers in Tunisia. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12010116. [PMID: 36671318 PMCID: PMC9854954 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12010116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize the prevalence of fecal carriage of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases and carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria among healthy humans in Tunisia. Fifty-one rectal swabs of healthy volunteers were plated on MacConkey agar plates supplemented with cefotaxime or imipenem. The occurrences of resistance genes, integrons, and phylogroup typing were investigated using PCR and sequencing. The genetic relatedness of isolates was determined by pulsed-field-gel-electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus-sequence-typing (MLST). Whole-genome-sequencing (WGS) was performed for the carbapenem-resistant isolate. Sixteen ESBL-producing Escherichia coli isolates and one carbapenem-resistant Enterobacter bugandensis were detected out of the fifty-one fecal samples. The ESBL-producing E. coli strains contained genes encoding CTX-M-15 (n = 9), CTX-M-1 (n = 3), CTX-M-27 (n = 3), and CTX-M-55 (n = 1). Three CTX-M-1-producers were of lineages ST131, ST7366, and ST1158; two CTX-M-15-producers belonged to lineage ST925 and ST5100; one CTX-M-27-producer belonged to ST2887, and one CTX-M-15-producer belonged to ST744. Six isolates contained class 1 integrons with the following four gene cassette arrangements: dfrA5 (two isolates), dfrA12-orf-aadA2 (two isolates), dfrA17-aadA5 (one isolate), and aadA1 (one isolate). E. bugandensis belonged to ST1095, produced IMI-2 carbapenemase, and contained qnrE1 and fosA genes. A genome-sequence analysis of the E. bugandensis strain revealed new mutations in the blaACT and qnr genes. Our results reveal an alarming rate of ESBL-E. coli in healthy humans in Tunisia and the first description of IMI-2 in E. bugandensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rym Ben Sallem
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Active Biomolecules (LR03ES03), Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia
- Bioresources, Environment and Biotechnology Laboratory (LR22ES04), Higher Institute of Applied Biological Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1006, Tunisia
- Department of Sciences, Sainte Anne University, 1695 Route 1, Clare, NS B0W 1M0, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(613)-261-8581
| | - Ameni Arfaoui
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Active Biomolecules (LR03ES03), Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia
| | - Afef Najjari
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Active Biomolecules (LR03ES03), Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia
| | - Isabel Carvalho
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of La Rioja, 26006 Logrono, Spain
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes-and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Abdelmalek Lekired
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Active Biomolecules (LR03ES03), Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia
| | - Hadda-Imen Ouzari
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Active Biomolecules (LR03ES03), Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia
| | - Karim Ben Slama
- Bioresources, Environment and Biotechnology Laboratory (LR22ES04), Higher Institute of Applied Biological Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1006, Tunisia
| | - Alex Wong
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel by Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Carmen Torres
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of La Rioja, 26006 Logrono, Spain
| | - Naouel Klibi
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Active Biomolecules (LR03ES03), Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia
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6
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Adhimi R, Tayh G, Ghariani S, Chairat S, Chaouachi A, Boudabous A, Slama KB. Distribution, Diversity and Antibiotic Resistance of Pseudomonas spp. Isolated from the Water Dams in the North of Tunisia. Curr Microbiol 2022; 79:188. [PMID: 35551481 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-022-02859-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Natural environment is one of the important reservoirs to disseminate antibiotic resistance, most of the antibiotics resistance researches were focused on clinical isolates. Thus, this work aimed to analyze surface water samples collected from dams and rivers in the north of Tunisia. Pseudomonas species were confirmed using biochemical and molecular identifications. Resistance was studied by testing their susceptibility against 19 antibiotics using the disc diffusion method moreover the virulence factors were studied by PCR targeting 13 genes. 104 isolates were confirmed as Pseudomonas genera distributed into 21 species. The most abundant species is P. aeruginosa (22.11%), followed by P. protegens (12.5%). No resistance phenotypes were observed towards imipenem, meropenem, ceftazidime, colistin, ciprofloxacin and amikacin. A high resistance level was observed against cefoxitin (94.23%), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (67.31%), nalidixic acid (62.5%), streptomycin (57.69%), ticarcillin (43.27%), fosfomycin (64.42%) and tetracycline (23.08%). A low rate of resistance was observed against cefotaxime (16.35%) and gentamicin (7.69%). The majority (70.19%) of isolates were Multidrug-resistant (MDR). 12 of virulence genes were found in all P. aeruginosa isolates. Our results showed that Pseudomonas isolates could be an important reservoir of antibiotic resistance from environment sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rim Adhimi
- Laboratoire Des Microorganismes Et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté Des Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, 2092, Tunisie
| | - Ghassan Tayh
- Laboratoire Des Microorganismes Et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté Des Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, 2092, Tunisie
| | - Salma Ghariani
- Institut Supérieur Des Sciences Biologiques Appliquées de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, 2092, Tunisie
| | - Sarra Chairat
- Laboratoire Des Microorganismes Et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté Des Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, 2092, Tunisie.,Institut Supérieur Des Sciences Biologiques Appliquées de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, 2092, Tunisie
| | - Abdelmonem Chaouachi
- Complexe Ghédir El Golla, Société Nationale d'Exploitation et de Distribution Des Eaux (SONEDE), Ministère de l'Agriculture, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Abdellatif Boudabous
- Laboratoire Des Microorganismes Et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté Des Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, 2092, Tunisie
| | - Karim Ben Slama
- Laboratoire Des Microorganismes Et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté Des Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, 2092, Tunisie. .,Institut Supérieur Des Sciences Biologiques Appliquées de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, 2092, Tunisie.
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Ben Sallem R, Laribi B, Arfaoui A, Ben Khelifa Melki S, Ouzari I, Ben Slama K, Naas T, Klibi N. Co-occurrence of genes encoding carbapenemase, ESBL, pAmpC, and Non-β-Lactam resistance among Klebsiella pneumonia and E. coli clinical isolates in Tunisia. Lett Appl Microbiol 2022; 74:729-740. [PMID: 35076956 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms of carbapenem and colistin resistance in K. pneumoniae and E. coli isolates obtained from hospitalized patients in Carthagene International Hospital of Tunis. A total of 25 K. pneumoniae and 2 E. coli clinical isolates with reduced susceptibility to carbapenems were recovered. Susceptibility testing and phenotypic screening tests were carried out. ESBL, AmpC, carbapenemase, and other antibiotic resistance genes were sought by PCR-sequencing. The presence of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance genes (mcr-1-8) was examined by PCR and the nucleotide sequence of the mgrB gene was determined. The analysis of plasmid content was performed by PCR-Based Replicon Typing (PBRT). The clonality of isolates was assessed by PFGE and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). All of the isolates produced carbapenemase activity. They showed a great variation in the distribution of ESBL, AmpC, carbapenemase, and other plasmid-mediated resistance determinants. K. pneumoniae isolates carried blaNDM-1 (n=11), blaOXA-48 (n=11), blaNDM-1 + blaOXA-48 (n=1), blaNDM-1 + blaVIM-1 (n=1), blaOXA-204 (n=1), along with blaCTX-M , blaOXA , blaTEM , blaCMY , blaDHA and blaSHV genes variants on conjugative plasmid of IncL/M, IncR, IncFIIK , IncFIB, and IncHI1 types. Three sequence types ST101, ST307, and ST15 were identified. The mgrB alteration g109a (G37S) was detected in a single colistin-resistant, NDM-1 and OXA-48-coproducing K. pneumoniae isolate. The two E. coli isolates belonged to ST95, co-produced NDM-1 and CTX-M-15, and harbored plasmid of IncFII and IncFIB types. To our knowledge, this is the first report in Tunisia of NDM-1, OXA-48, and CTX-M-15 coexistence in colistin-resistant K. pneumoniae ST15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rym Ben Sallem
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Active Biomolecules, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Bochra Laribi
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Active Biomolecules, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ameni Arfaoui
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Active Biomolecules, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | | | - Imen Ouzari
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Active Biomolecules, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Karim Ben Slama
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Active Biomolecules, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Thierry Naas
- Bacteriology-Hygiene unit, Bicêtre Hospital, Associated French National Reference Center for Antibiotic Resistance: Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Naouel Klibi
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Active Biomolecules, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
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Dkhili S, Ribeiro M, Ghariani S, Yahia HB, Hillion M, Poeta P, Slama KB, Hébraud M, Igrejas G. Bacteriophages as Antimicrobial Agents? Proteomic Insights on Three Novel Lytic Bacteriophages Infecting ESBL-Producing Escherichia coli. OMICS 2021; 25:626-640. [PMID: 34559008 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2021.0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
With the emergence of multiresistant bacteria, the use of bacteriophages is gaining renewed interest as potential antimicrobial agents. The aim of this study was to analyze the structure of three lytic bacteriophages infecting Escherichia coli (SD1, SD2, and SD3) using a gel-based proteomics approach and the cellular response of this bacterium to phage SD1 infection at the proteome level. The combination of the results of 1-DE and 2-DE followed by mass spectrometry led to the identification of 3, 14, and 9 structure proteins for SD1, SD2, and SD3 phages, respectively. Different protein profiles with common proteins were noticed. We also analyzed phage-induced effects by comparing samples from infected cells to those of noninfected cells. We verified important changes in E. coli proteins expression during phage SD1 infection, where there was an overexpression of proteins involved in stress response. Our results indicated that viral infection caused bacterial oxidative stress and bacterial cells response to stress was orchestrated by antioxidant defense mechanisms. This article makes an empirical scientific contribution toward the concept of bacteriophages as potential antimicrobial agents. With converging ecological threats in the 21st century, novel approaches to address the innovation gaps in antimicrobial development are more essential than ever. Further research on bacteriophages is called for in this broader context of planetary health and integrative biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadika Dkhili
- Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules actives, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisie.,Institut Supérieur des Sciences Biologiques Appliquées de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Miguel Ribeiro
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology and University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal.,Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unity, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal.,LAQV-REQUIMTE, Faculty of Science and Technology, University Nova of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Salma Ghariani
- Institut Supérieur des Sciences Biologiques Appliquées de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Houssem Ben Yahia
- Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules actives, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisie.,Institut Supérieur des Sciences Biologiques Appliquées de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Mélanie Hillion
- University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UMR0454 Microbiology Digestive Environment Health (MEDiS), Saint-Genès Champanelle, France.,INRAE, Metabolism Exploration Platform, Proteomic Component (PFEMcp), Saint-Genès Champanelle, France
| | - Patricia Poeta
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology and University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal.,Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Karim Ben Slama
- Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules actives, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisie.,Institut Supérieur des Sciences Biologiques Appliquées de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Michel Hébraud
- University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UMR0454 Microbiology Digestive Environment Health (MEDiS), Saint-Genès Champanelle, France.,INRAE, Metabolism Exploration Platform, Proteomic Component (PFEMcp), Saint-Genès Champanelle, France
| | - Gilberto Igrejas
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology and University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal.,Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unity, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal.,LAQV-REQUIMTE, Faculty of Science and Technology, University Nova of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
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Ben Chehida F, Gharsa H, Tombari W, Selmi R, Khaldi S, Daaloul M, Ben Slama K, Messadi L. First Report of Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Virulence Gene Characterization Associated with Staphylococcus aureus Carriage in Healthy Camels from Tunisia. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11092754. [PMID: 34573722 PMCID: PMC8468875 DOI: 10.3390/ani11092754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius) is an important livestock species and is present in more than 46 national entities, with 80% of the camel population inhabiting Africa. In these regions, the role of camels in the livestock economy is highly valuable and a part of this camel herd is valorized on national or international markets for meat production, live animal export or milk production. Even if camels are the species that is most adapted to the harsh conditions of arid/semi-arid rangelands, they can be susceptible to a high number of pathogens, including S. aureus. This latter is often associated with asymptomatic carriage but can also be responsible for several diseases, therefore causing considerable economical losses. Continued monitoring and control assume particular importance in containing the spread of the bacterium since it constitutes an important zoonotic disease. Abstract A total of 318 nasal and rectal swabs were collected from 159 apparently healthy camels (Camelus dromedarius) randomly selected from five regions in southern and central Tunisia and screened for Staphylococcus aureus carriage. Staphylococcus spp. were recovered from 152 of 159 camels studied (95.6%) and in total 258 swabs (81%) were positive. Among these isolates, 16 were coagulase positive Staphylococcus (CoPS) (6.2%) and were characterized by biochemical and molecular tests as S. aureus. These were isolated from 14 camels (8.8%) with co-carriage in nasal and rectal mucosa by two camels. All S. aureus isolates recovered were methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and were characterized by spa typing and PFGE. Three different spa types were recovered: t729, t4013 and a spa type newly registered as t19687, which was the most common. PFGE analysis revealed seven different patterns and these were characterized by MLST, which revealed five different sequence types (ST6, ST88, ST3583 and two new sequences, ST6504 and ST6506). All isolates harbored different virulence genes, including hld, encoding delta hemolysin; lukE–lukD, encoding bicomponent leukotoxin LukE–LukD; the clfB gene, encoding clumping factor B; the laminin gene, encoding laminin-binding protein; and cap8, encoding capsule type 8. Fifteen isolates harbored hemolysin beta (hlb) and fourteen encoded hemolysin alpha (hla) and hemolysin G2 (hlgv). Adhesin factors, including clfA and fnbB, were detected in five and four isolates respectively. Binding proteins, including collagen (cbp) and elastin-binding protein (ebp), were detected in two S. aureus isolates while fibrinogen-binding protein (fib) was identified in four isolates. This study provides the first set of genotyping data on the population structure and presence of toxin genes of S. aureus strains in Tunisian camels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faten Ben Chehida
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Immunology and General Pathology, Institution of Agricultural Research and Higher Education, National School of Veterinary Medicine of Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, Sidi Thabet 2020, Tunisia; (W.T.); (R.S.); (M.D.); (L.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +216-71-552-200
| | - Haythem Gharsa
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Active Biomolecules, Higher Institute of Applied Biological Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia; (H.G.); (K.B.S.)
| | - Wafa Tombari
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Immunology and General Pathology, Institution of Agricultural Research and Higher Education, National School of Veterinary Medicine of Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, Sidi Thabet 2020, Tunisia; (W.T.); (R.S.); (M.D.); (L.M.)
| | - Rachid Selmi
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Immunology and General Pathology, Institution of Agricultural Research and Higher Education, National School of Veterinary Medicine of Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, Sidi Thabet 2020, Tunisia; (W.T.); (R.S.); (M.D.); (L.M.)
- Veterinary Service, General Directorate of Military Health, Ministry of National Defense, Tunis 1008, Tunisia
| | - Sana Khaldi
- Department of Sciences and Pathology of Animal Reproduction, Institution of Agricultural Research and Higher Education, National School of Veterinary Medicine of Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, Sidi Thabet 2020, Tunisia;
| | - Monia Daaloul
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Immunology and General Pathology, Institution of Agricultural Research and Higher Education, National School of Veterinary Medicine of Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, Sidi Thabet 2020, Tunisia; (W.T.); (R.S.); (M.D.); (L.M.)
| | - Karim Ben Slama
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Active Biomolecules, Higher Institute of Applied Biological Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia; (H.G.); (K.B.S.)
| | - Lilia Messadi
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Immunology and General Pathology, Institution of Agricultural Research and Higher Education, National School of Veterinary Medicine of Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, Sidi Thabet 2020, Tunisia; (W.T.); (R.S.); (M.D.); (L.M.)
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Gómez P, Ruiz-Ripa L, Fernández-Fernández R, Gharsa H, Ben Slama K, Höfle U, Zarazaga M, Holmes MA, Torres C. Genomic Analysis of Staphylococcus aureus of the Lineage CC130, Including mecC-Carrying MRSA and MSSA Isolates Recovered of Animal, Human, and Environmental Origins. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:655994. [PMID: 33841383 PMCID: PMC8027229 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.655994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Most methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates harboring mecC gene belong to clonal complex CC130. This lineage has traditionally been regarded as animal-associated as it lacks the human specific immune evasion cluster (IEC), and has been recovered from a broad range of animal hosts. Nevertheless, sporadic mecC-MRSA human infections have been reported, with evidence of zoonotic transmission in some cases. The objective of this study was to investigate the whole-genome sequences of 18 S. aureus CC130 isolates [13 methicillin-resistant (mecC-MRSA) and five methicillin-susceptible (MSSA)] from different sequences types, obtained from a variety of host species and origins (human, livestock, wild birds and mammals, and water), and from different geographic locations, in order to identify characteristic markers and genomic features. Antibiotic resistance genes found among MRSA-CC130 were those associated with the SSCmecXI element. Most MRSA-CC130 strains carried a similar virulence gene profile. Additionally, six MRSA-CC130 possessed scn-sak and one MSSA-ST130 had lukMF'. The MSSA-ST700 strains were most divergent in their resistance and virulence genes. The pan-genome analysis showed that 29 genes were present solely in MRSA-CC130 (associated with SCCmecXI) and 21 among MSSA-CC130 isolates (associated with phages). The SCCmecXI, PBP3, GdpP, and AcrB were identical at the amino acid level in all strains, but some differences were found in PBP1, PBP2, PBP4, and YjbH proteins. An examination of the host markers showed that the 3' region of the bacteriophage φ3 was nearly identical to the reference sequence. Truncated hlb gene was also found in scn-negative strains (two of them carrying sak-type gene). The dtlB gene of wild rabbit isolates included novel mutations. The vwbp gene was found in the three MSSA-ST700 strains from small ruminants and in one MSSA-ST130 from a red deer; these strains also carried a scn-type gene, different from the human and equine variants. Finally, a phylogenetic analysis showed that the three MSSA-ST700 strains and the two MSSA-ST130 strains cluster separately from the remaining MRSA-CC130 strains with the etD2 gene as marker for the main lineage. The presence of the human IEC cluster in some mecC-MRSA-CC130 strains suggests that these isolates may have had a human origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Gómez
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Laura Ruiz-Ripa
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Rosa Fernández-Fernández
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Haythem Gharsa
- Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Karim Ben Slama
- Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ursula Höfle
- Health and Biotechnology SaBio Research Group, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Myriam Zarazaga
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Mark A. Holmes
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Carmen Torres
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
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11
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Tayh G, Nagarjuna D, Sallem RB, Verma V, Chairat S, Boudabous A, Yadav M, Slama KB. First report of VIM metallo-β-lactamase production in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates from Gaza Strip, Palestine. Germs 2020; 10:18-26. [PMID: 32274356 DOI: 10.18683/germs.2020.1181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Even though the increasing incidence of VIM-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae has been reported worldwide, studies are still lacking in Palestine. The aim of this study was to screen carbapenem-resistant E. coli and K. pneumoniae bacteria in the Gaza Strip, Palestine and further to characterize carbapenemase-producing isolates. Methods A total of 69 E. coli and 27 K. pneumoniae isolates were obtained from three Gaza hospitals and recovered from urine, wound swabs, blood and ear discharge. The screening for metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) was performed by using the imipenem-EDTA disc synergy test. The detection of β-lactamases genes, detection of non-β-lactam genes and the characterization of integrons were performed by PCR and sequencing. The clonal relationship among the isolates was determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Results Our study showed that 4 E. coli (5.8%) and 5 K. pneumoniae (18.5%) were positive by the imipenem-EDTA disc synergy test. Bla VIM-4 was detected in six isolates and bla VIM-28 was identified in three isolates. The β-lactamases genes in the VIM-producing K. pneumoniae isolates were bla CTX-M-15 (n=3), bla CTX-M-14 (n=1), bla SHV-1 (n=3), bla SHV-12 (n=1), bla TEM-1 (n=1) and bla OXA-1 (n=1). Aac(6')-Ib-cr gene was confirmed in four E. coli and in two K. pneumoniae isolates. QnrS1 was identified in two K. pneumoniae isolates. The class 1 integron was identified with the different gene cassette; dfrA17-aadA5, dfrA5, dfrA12-orf-aadA2 and dfrA17-aadA5 were identified. Conclusions Our study indicated for the first time the emergence of multidrug-resistant VIM-containing K. pneumoniae and E. coli isolates of clinical origin in Gaza Strip hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghassan Tayh
- PhD, Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université Tunis-El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Daram Nagarjuna
- PhD, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research (ACBR), University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
| | - Rym Ben Sallem
- PhD, Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université Tunis-El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Vivek Verma
- PhD, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research (ACBR), University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
| | - Sarra Chairat
- MSc, Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université Tunis-El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Abdellatif Boudabous
- PhD, Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université Tunis-El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Manisha Yadav
- PhD, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research (ACBR), University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
| | - Karim Ben Slama
- PhD, Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université Tunis-El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisie
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Ben Yahia H, Chairat S, Gharsa H, Alonso CA, Ben Sallem R, Porres-Osante N, Hamdi N, Torres C, Ben Slama K. First Report of KPC-2 and KPC-3-Producing Enterobacteriaceae in Wild Birds in Africa. Microb Ecol 2020; 79:30-37. [PMID: 31055618 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-019-01375-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The increased incidence of antibiotic-resistant Enterobacteriaceae is a public health problem worldwide. The aim of this study was to analyze the potential role of wild birds, given their capacity of migrating over long distances, in the spreading of carbapenemase, extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL), and acquired-AmpC beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in the environment. Fecal and pellet samples were recovered from 150 wild birds in seven Tunisian regions and were inoculated in MacConkey-agar plates for Enterobacteriaceae recovery (one isolate/animal). Ninety-nine isolates were obtained and acquired resistance mechanisms were characterized in the five detected imipenem-resistant and/or cefotaxime-resistant isolates, by PCR and sequencing. The following ESBL, carbapenemase, and acquired-AmpC beta-lactamase genes were detected: blaCTX-M-15 (two Escherichia fergusonii and one Klebsiella oxytoca isolates), blaKPC-2 (one K. oxytoca), blaKPC-3 (one E. fergusonii), blaACT-36, and blaACC-2 (two K. oxytoca, four E. fergusonii, and two E. coli). The IncFIIs, IncF, IncFIB, IncK, IncP, and IncX replicons were detected among these beta-lactamase Enterobacteriaceae producers. The blaKPC-2, tetA, sul3, qnrB, and cmlA determinants were co-transferred by conjugation from K. oxytoca strain to E. coli J153, in association with IncK and IncF replicons. Our results support the implication of wild birds as a biological vector for carbapenemase, ESBL, and acquired-AmpC-producing Enterobacteriaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houssem Ben Yahia
- Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Sarra Chairat
- Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Haythem Gharsa
- Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
- Institut Supérieur des Sciences Biologiques Appliquées de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, 1006, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Carla Andrea Alonso
- Area de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Madre de Dios 51, 26006, Logroño, Spain
| | - Rym Ben Sallem
- Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Nerea Porres-Osante
- Area de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Madre de Dios 51, 26006, Logroño, Spain
| | - Nabil Hamdi
- Institut Supérieur des Sciences Biologiques Appliquées de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, 1006, Tunis, Tunisia
- U/R de Bio-Écologie et Systématique Évolutive; Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Campus El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Carmen Torres
- Area de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Madre de Dios 51, 26006, Logroño, Spain.
| | - Karim Ben Slama
- Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia.
- Institut Supérieur des Sciences Biologiques Appliquées de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, 1006, Tunis, Tunisia.
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Chairat S, Ben Yahia H, Rojo-Bezares B, Sáenz Y, Torres C, Ben Slama K. High prevalence of imipenem-resistant and metallo-beta-lactamase-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the Burns Hospital in Tunisia: detection of a novel class 1 integron. J Chemother 2019; 31:120-126. [PMID: 30849001 DOI: 10.1080/1120009x.2019.1582168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most important causes of nosocomial infections, and its eradication is very difficult due to its multidrug resistance. The objective of the present study was to characterize the metallo-beta-lactamases (MBLs), integrons, OprD modifications and virulence factors of P. aeruginosa strains isolated from burn patients and to analyze their genetic relatedness by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Sixty-seven P. aeruginosa isolates were recovered from different clinical samples of burn patients hospitalized in the Intensive Care Burn Unit of the Centre de Traumatologie et des Grands Brulés (Ben Arous, Tunisia), and MBLs and alterations in porin OprD were analyzed among imipenem-resistant isolates. Class 1 and 2 integrons were studied by PCR and sequencing of corresponding variable regions. The presence of eight genes involved in the virulence of P. aeruginosa was investigated by PCR. Fourteen of the 36 imipenem-resistant P. aeruginosa (IRPA) isolates (38.8%) were MBLs producers and harbored the blaVIM-2 gene, in all cases included into class 1 integrons. A new class 1 integron was identified (intI1-blaOXA-10-aadB-blaVIM-2-aadB-blaOXA-10). Five sequence types were detected among IRPA isolates: ST1, ST112, ST238, ST308 and ST395. P. aeruginosa is a major nosocomial pathogen in patients suffering burns, and the spreading of multidrugs resistant and MBL-producing isolates should be controlled in burn units. Moreover, the implantation of infection control guidelines is crucial to decrease the morbidity and mortality of nosocomial infections due to multidrug resistant P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarra Chairat
- a Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis , Université de Tunis El Manar , Tunis , Tunisia
| | - Houssem Ben Yahia
- a Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis , Université de Tunis El Manar , Tunis , Tunisia
| | - Beatriz Rojo-Bezares
- b Área de Microbiología Molecular , Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR) , Logroño , Spain
| | - Yolanda Sáenz
- b Área de Microbiología Molecular , Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR) , Logroño , Spain
| | - Carmen Torres
- c Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular , Universidad de La Rioja , Logroño , Spain
| | - Karim Ben Slama
- a Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis , Université de Tunis El Manar , Tunis , Tunisia.,d Institut Supérieur des Sciences Biologiques Appliquées de Tunis , Université de Tunis El Manar , Tunis , Tunisia
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Ben Yahia H, Chairat S, Hamdi N, Gharsa H, Ben Sallem R, Ceballos S, Torres C, Ben Slama K. Antimicrobial resistance and genetic lineages of faecal enterococci of wild birds: Emergence of vanA and vanB2 harbouring Enterococcus faecalis. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2018; 52:936-941. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Ben Yahia H, Ben Sallem R, Tayh G, Klibi N, Ben Amor I, Gharsa H, Boudabbous A, Ben Slama K. Detection of CTX-M-15 harboring Escherichia coli isolated from wild birds in Tunisia. BMC Microbiol 2018; 18:26. [PMID: 29609544 PMCID: PMC5879578 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-018-1163-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The spreading of antibiotic resistant bacteria is becoming nowadays an alarming threat to human and animal health. There is increasing evidence showing that wild birds could significantly contribute to the transmission and spreading of drug-resistant bacteria. However, data for antimicrobial resistance in wild birds remain scarce, especially throughout Africa. The aims of this investigation were to analyze the prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli in faecal samples of wild birds in Tunisia and to characterize the recovered isolates. Results One hundred and eleven samples were inoculated on MacConkey agar plates supplemented with cefotaxime (2 μg/ml). ESBL-producing E. coli isolates were detected in 12 of 111 faecal samples (10.81%) and one isolate per sample was further characterized. β-lactamase detected genes were as follows: blaCTX-M-15 (8 isolates), blaCTX-M-15 + blaTEM-1b (4 isolates). The ISEcp1 and orf477 sequences were found respectively in the regions upstream and downstream of all blaCTX-M-15 genes. Seven different plasmid profiles were observed among the isolates. IncF (FII, FIA, FIB) and IncW replicons were identified in 11 CTX-M-15 producing isolates, and mostly, other replicons were also identified: IncHI2, IncA/C, IncP, IncI1 and IncX. All ESBL-producing E. coli isolates were integron positive and possessed “empty” integron structures with no inserted region of DNA. The following detected virulence genes were: (number of isolates in parentheses): fimA (ten); papC (seven); aer (five); eae (one); and papGIII, hly, cnf, and bfp (none). Molecular typing using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and multilocus sequence typing showed a low genetic heterogeneity among the 12 ESBL-producing strains with five unrelated PFGE types and five different sequence types (STs) respectively. CTX-M-15-producing isolates were ascribed to phylogroup A (eleven isolates) and B2 (one isolate). Conclusion To our knowledge, this study provides the first insight into the contribution of wild birds to the dynamics of ESBL-producing E. coli in Tunisia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houssem Ben Yahia
- Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules actives, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Rym Ben Sallem
- Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules actives, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Ghassan Tayh
- Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules actives, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Naouel Klibi
- Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules actives, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Insaf Ben Amor
- Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules actives, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Haythem Gharsa
- Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules actives, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisie.,Institut Supérieur des Sciences Biologiques Appliquées de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Abdellatif Boudabbous
- Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules actives, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Karim Ben Slama
- Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules actives, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisie. .,Institut Supérieur des Sciences Biologiques Appliquées de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisie.
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Said LB, Hamdaoui M, Jouini A, Boudabous A, Slama KB, Torres C, Klibi N. First Detection of CTX-M-1 in Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli in Seafood from Tunisia. J Food Prot 2017; 80:1877-1881. [PMID: 29039707 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-16-324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the carriage rate of Escherichia coli isolates in seafood, to analyze the phenotype and genotype of antimicrobial resistance in the recovered isolates, and to characterize extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) E. coli producers. E. coli isolates were recovered from 24 (34.3%) of the 70 seafood samples analyzed, and one isolate per sample was further characterized. Antibiotic resistance was determined by the disk diffusion method in the 24 isolates, with the following results (number of resistant isolates): tetracycline (8), streptomycin (7), ampicillin (6), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (4), chloramphenicol (4), ciprofloxacin (3), cefotaxime (2), and ceftazidime (2). Six isolates showed a multiresistant phenotype (including at least three families of antibiotics). Among tetracycline-resistant E. coli isolates, tet(A) was detected in five isolates and tet(B) in two isolates. The qnr(A) or aac(6')-1b-cr genes were detected in two ciprofloxacin-resistant E. coli isolates, and the sul2 gene in two trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole-resistant isolates. ESBL-containing E. coli isolates, carrying the blaCTX-M-1 gene, were detected in 2 of the 70 seafood samples, obtained from gilt-head bream aquaculture. The ESBL isolates were typed phylogenetically and by multilocus sequence typing, and they were ascribed to lineage ST48/A and to the new ST3497/B1; these isolates carried the fimA, aer, and papGIII virulence genes. One of the ESBL-producing E. coli isolates carried an unusual class 1 integron (with the array dfr32-ereA-aadA1). Seafood could be a source of multiresistant E. coli isolates for the aquatic environment, and these could enter the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Ben Said
- Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules actives, Faculté de Sciences de Tunis
| | - Mouna Hamdaoui
- Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules actives, Faculté de Sciences de Tunis
| | - Ahlem Jouini
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Abdellatif Boudabous
- Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules actives, Faculté de Sciences de Tunis
| | - Karim Ben Slama
- Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules actives, Faculté de Sciences de Tunis.,Institut Supérieur des Sciences Biologiques Appliquées de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Carmen Torres
- Area de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Naouel Klibi
- Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules actives, Faculté de Sciences de Tunis
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Ben Said L, Dziri R, Sassi N, Lozano C, Ben Slama K, Ouzari I, Torres C, Klibi N. Species distribution, antibiotic resistance and virulence traits in canine and feline enterococci in Tunisia. Acta Vet Hung 2017; 65:173-184. [PMID: 28605961 DOI: 10.1556/004.2017.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In order to investigate the possible role of dogs and cats in the carriage and potential dissemination of resistant enterococci, seventy faecal samples from dogs and cats were tested for enterococci. Fifty-eight enterococci were recovered. Isolates were identified as Enterococcus faecium (n = 31) and E. faecalis (n = 14) E. durans (n = 6), E. casseliflavus (n = 2), E. hirae and E. gallinarum (2 isolates each). Enterococcal isolates showed resistance to ciprofloxacin (n = 35), erythromycin (n = 31), tetracycline (n = 25), kanamycin (n = 15), streptomycin (n = 13), pristinamycin (n = 11), gentamicin (n = 10), chloramphenicol (n = 8), and linezolid (n = 6). The gene erm(B) was detected in 22 out of 31 erythromycin-resistant enterococci. All tetracycline-resistant enterococci carried tet(M) and/or tet(L) genes. The gene aac(6')-Ie-aph(2″)-Ia was identified in five of high-level gentamicin-resistant isolates, the genes aph(3')-IIIa and/or aac(6')-Ie-aph(2″)-Ia in eleven high-level kanamycin-resistant isolates and the gene ant(6)-Ia in eleven high-level streptomycin-resistant isolates. Only one strain harboured cat(A) gene, and five strains contained vat(E) or vat(D) genes. Virulence genes gel(E) (21 strains), esp (11 strains) and cylA/cylB (5 strains) were detected. High genetic diversity was demonstrated among E. faecium isolates by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Dogs and cats can be carriers of antibiotic-resistant enterococci in their faeces that could shed into the household environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Ben Said
- 1Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Raoudha Dziri
- 1Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Nadia Sassi
- 1Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Carmen Lozano
- 2Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Karim Ben Slama
- 1Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Imen Ouzari
- 1Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Carmen Torres
- 2Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
- 3Área Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), Logroño, Spain
| | - Naouel Klibi
- 1Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
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Tayh G, Ben Sallem R, Ben Yahia H, Gharsa H, Klibi N, Boudabous A, Ben Slama K. First Report of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases Among Clinical Isolates ofKlebsiella pneumoniaein Gaza Strip, Palestine. Microb Drug Resist 2017; 23:169-176. [DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2016.0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ghassan Tayh
- Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis-El Manar, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Rym Ben Sallem
- Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis-El Manar, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Houssem Ben Yahia
- Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis-El Manar, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Haythem Gharsa
- Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis-El Manar, Tunis, Tunisie
- Institut Supérieur des Sciences Biologiques Appliquées de Tunis, Université de Tunis El-Manar, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Naouel Klibi
- Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis-El Manar, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Abdellatif Boudabous
- Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis-El Manar, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Karim Ben Slama
- Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis-El Manar, Tunis, Tunisie
- Institut Supérieur des Sciences Biologiques Appliquées de Tunis, Université de Tunis El-Manar, Tunis, Tunisie
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Koop G, Vrieling M, Storisteanu DML, Lok LSC, Monie T, van Wigcheren G, Raisen C, Ba X, Gleadall N, Hadjirin N, Timmerman AJ, Wagenaar JA, Klunder HM, Fitzgerald JR, Zadoks R, Paterson GK, Torres C, Waller AS, Loeffler A, Loncaric I, Hoet AE, Bergström K, De Martino L, Pomba C, de Lencastre H, Ben Slama K, Gharsa H, Richardson EJ, Chilvers ER, de Haas C, van Kessel K, van Strijp JAG, Harrison EM, Holmes MA. Identification of LukPQ, a novel, equid-adapted leukocidin of Staphylococcus aureus. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40660. [PMID: 28106142 PMCID: PMC5247767 DOI: 10.1038/srep40660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Bicomponent pore-forming leukocidins are a family of potent toxins secreted by Staphylococcus aureus, which target white blood cells preferentially and consist of an S- and an F-component. The S-component recognizes a receptor on the host cell, enabling high-affinity binding to the cell surface, after which the toxins form a pore that penetrates the cell lipid bilayer. Until now, six different leukocidins have been described, some of which are host and cell specific. Here, we identify and characterise a novel S. aureus leukocidin; LukPQ. LukPQ is encoded on a 45 kb prophage (ΦSaeq1) found in six different clonal lineages, almost exclusively in strains cultured from equids. We show that LukPQ is a potent and specific killer of equine neutrophils and identify equine-CXCRA and CXCR2 as its target receptors. Although the S-component (LukP) is highly similar to the S-component of LukED, the species specificity of LukPQ and LukED differs. By forming non-canonical toxin pairs, we identify that the F-component contributes to the observed host tropism of LukPQ, thereby challenging the current paradigm that leukocidin specificity is driven solely by the S-component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerrit Koop
- Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Manouk Vrieling
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel M. L. Storisteanu
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrooke’s and Papworth Hospitals, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Laurence S. C. Lok
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrooke’s and Papworth Hospitals, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Monie
- Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, 120 Fulbourn Road, Cambridge CB1 9NL, United Kingdom
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0ES, United Kingdom
| | - Glenn van Wigcheren
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Claire Raisen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0ES, United Kingdom
| | - Xiaoliang Ba
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0ES, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Gleadall
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0ES, United Kingdom
| | - Nazreen Hadjirin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0ES, United Kingdom
| | - Arjen J. Timmerman
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap A. Wagenaar
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Central Veterinary Institute of Wageningen UR, 8200 AB Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Heleen M. Klunder
- Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J. Ross Fitzgerald
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth Zadoks
- Moredun Research Institute, Bush Loan, Penicuik EH26 0PZ, United Kingdom
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin K. Paterson
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Carmen Torres
- Área Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Madre de Dios 51, Logroño 26006, Spain
| | - Andrew S. Waller
- Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Kentford, Newmarket CB8 7UU, United Kingdom
| | - Anette Loeffler
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, Hatfield, North Mymms, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, United Kingdom
| | - Igor Loncaric
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Armando E. Hoet
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1900 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Veterinary Public Health Program, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, 1900 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Karin Bergström
- Department of Animal Health and Antimicrobial Strategies, SVA, SE-751 89 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Luisa De Martino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, Infectious Diseases Section, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Constança Pomba
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Research in Animal Health, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 LISBOA, Portugal
| | - Hermínia de Lencastre
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica da Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB/UNL), Oeiras, Portugal
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY10065, USA
| | - Karim Ben Slama
- Laboratoire de Microorganismes et Biomolécules actives, Département de Biologie, Faculté de Sciences de Tunis, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
- Institut Supérieur des Sciences Biologiques Appliquées de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Haythem Gharsa
- Laboratoire de Microorganismes et Biomolécules actives, Département de Biologie, Faculté de Sciences de Tunis, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Emily J. Richardson
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Edwin R. Chilvers
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrooke’s and Papworth Hospitals, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Carla de Haas
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kok van Kessel
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jos A. G. van Strijp
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ewan M. Harrison
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Mark A. Holmes
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0ES, United Kingdom
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Hamdi S, Rousseau GM, Labrie SJ, Tremblay DM, Kourda RS, Ben Slama K, Moineau S. Characterization of two polyvalent phages infecting Enterobacteriaceae. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40349. [PMID: 28091598 PMCID: PMC5238451 DOI: 10.1038/srep40349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophages display remarkable genetic diversity and host specificity. In this study, we explore phages infecting bacterial strains of the Enterobacteriaceae family because of their ability to infect related but distinct hosts. We isolated and characterized two novel virulent phages, SH6 and SH7, using a strain of Shigella flexneri as host bacterium. Morphological and genomic analyses revealed that phage SH6 belongs to the T1virus genus of the Siphoviridae family. Conversely, phage SH7 was classified in the T4virus genus of the Myoviridae family. Phage SH6 had a short latent period of 16 min and a burst size of 103 ± 16 PFU/infected cell while the phage SH7 latent period was 23 min with a much lower burst size of 26 ± 5 PFU/infected cell. Moreover, phage SH6 was sensitive to acidic conditions (pH < 5) while phage SH7 was stable from pH 3 to 11 for 1 hour. Of the 35 bacterial strains tested, SH6 infected its S. flexneri host strain and 8 strains of E. coli. Phage SH7 lysed additionally strains of E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella Paratyphi, and Shigella dysenteriae. The broader host ranges of these two phages as well as their microbiological properties suggest that they may be useful for controlling bacterial populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Hamdi
- Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisie
- Institut Supérieur des Sciences Biologiques Appliquées de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Geneviève M. Rousseau
- Département de Biochimie, de Microbiologie, et de Bio-informatique and PROTEO, Faculté des Sciences et de Génie, Félix d’Hérelle Reference Center for Bacterial Viruses, and GREB, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Simon J. Labrie
- Département de Biochimie, de Microbiologie, et de Bio-informatique and PROTEO, Faculté des Sciences et de Génie, Félix d’Hérelle Reference Center for Bacterial Viruses, and GREB, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Denise M. Tremblay
- Département de Biochimie, de Microbiologie, et de Bio-informatique and PROTEO, Faculté des Sciences et de Génie, Félix d’Hérelle Reference Center for Bacterial Viruses, and GREB, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Rim Saïed Kourda
- Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisie
- Institut Supérieur des Sciences Biologiques Appliquées de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Karim Ben Slama
- Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisie
- Institut Supérieur des Sciences Biologiques Appliquées de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Sylvain Moineau
- Département de Biochimie, de Microbiologie, et de Bio-informatique and PROTEO, Faculté des Sciences et de Génie, Félix d’Hérelle Reference Center for Bacterial Viruses, and GREB, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
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Ben Said L, Hamdaoui M, Klibi A, Ben Slama K, Torres C, Klibi N. Diversity of species and antibiotic resistance in enterococci isolated from seafood in Tunisia. ANN MICROBIOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-016-1246-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Dziri R, Klibi N, Alonso CA, Said LB, Bellaaj R, Slama KB, Boudabous A, Torres C. Characterization of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Klebsiella, Enterobacter , and Citrobacter obtained in environmental samples of a Tunisian hospital. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2016; 86:190-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2016.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Tayh G, Ben Sallem R, Ben Yahia H, Gharsa H, Klibi N, Boudabous A, Ben Slama K. First report of extended-spectrum β-lactamases among clinical isolates of Escherichia coli in Gaza Strip, Palestine. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2016; 6:17-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2016.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Dziri R, Lozano C, Ben Said L, Bellaaj R, Boudabous A, Ben Slama K, Torres C, Klibi N. Multidrug-resistant enterococci in the hospital environment: detection of novel vancomycin-resistant E. faecium clone ST910. J Infect Dev Ctries 2016; 10:799-806. [DOI: 10.3855/jidc.8014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The role of the hospital environment as a reservoir of resistant bacteria in Tunisia has been poorly investigated; however, it could be responsible for the transmission of multidrug-resistant bacteria. The objective was to study the prevalence of Enterococcus in the environment of a Tunisian hospital and the antibiotic resistance phenotype/genotype in recovered isolates, with special reference to vancomycin resistance. Methodology: A total of 300 samples were taken (March–June, 2013) and inoculated in Slanetz-Bartley agar plates supplemented or not supplemented with 8 µg/mL of vancomycin. Antibiotic resistance genes were tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The clonal relatedness of the vanA isolates was assessed using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence testing (MLST). Results: Enterococci were recovered in 33.3% of tested samples inoculated in SB medium. E faecium was the most prevalent species, followed by E. faecalis and E. casseliflavus. Antimicrobial resistance genes detected were as follows (number of isolates): erm(B) (71), tet(M) (18), aph(3’)-IIIa (27), ant(6)-Ia (15), cat(A) (4), and van(C2) (6). Vancomycin-resistant-enterococci (VRE) were recovered from 14 samples (4.7%), when tested in SB-VAN. The 14 VRE (one per positive sample) were identified as E. faecium and contained the van(A),erm(B), tet(M), ant(6)-Ia, and aph(3’)-IIIa genes. Thirteen of the VRE strains were ascribed by PFGE and MLST to a novel clone (new ST910), and only one VRE strain was typed as ST80 included in CC17. Conclusions: The emergence and spread of new clones of VRE, especially in the hospital environment in this country, could become particularly problematic.
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Mathlouthi N, Al-Bayssari C, El Salabi A, Bakour S, Ben Gwierif S, Zorgani AA, Jridi Y, Ben Slama K, Rolain JM, Chouchani C. Carbapenemases and extended-spectrum β-lactamases producing Enterobacteriaceae isolated from Tunisian and Libyan hospitals. J Infect Dev Ctries 2016; 10:718-27. [DOI: 10.3855/jidc.7426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and carbapenemase production among clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae recovered from Tunisian and Libyan hospitals. Methodology: Bacterial isolates were recovered from patients in intensive care units and identified by biochemical tests and MALDI-TOF. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by disk diffusion and the E-test method. ESBL and carbapenemase activities were detected using standard microbiological tests. Antibiotic resistance-encoding genes were screened by PCR and sequencing. Clonal relationships between Klebsiella pneumoniae strains were carried out using multi-locus sequence typing (MLST). Results: A total of 87 isolates were characterized, with 51 and 36, respectively, identified as E. coli and K. pneumoniae. Overall the resistance prevalence was high for aminoglycosides (> 60%), fluoroquinolones (> 80%), and extended-spectrum cephalosporins (> 94%), and was low for imipenem (11.4%). Among this collection, 58 strains (66.6%) were ESBL producers and 10 K. pneumoniae strains (11.4%) were carbapenemase producers. The antibiotic resistance-encoding genes detected were blaCTX-M-15 (51.7%), blaTEM-1 (35.6%), several variants of blaSHV (21.8%), and blaOXA-48 (11.4%). The MLST typing of K. pneumoniae isolates revealed the presence of multiple clones and three novel sequence types. Also, close relationships between the OXA-48-producing strains from Tunisia and Libya were demonstrated. Conclusions: This study is the first paper describing the emergence of carbapenemase- and ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae, sensitive to colistin, isolated in Tunisia and Libya. Active surveillance and testing for susceptibility to colistin should be implementing because resistance to colistin, mainly in Klebsiella, has been recently reported worldwide.
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Gharsa H, Dziri R, Klibi N, Chairat S, Lozano C, Torres C, Bellaaj R, Slama KB. Environmental Staphylococcus aureus contamination in a Tunisian hospital. J Chemother 2016; 28:506-509. [DOI: 10.1179/1973947815y.0000000036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Dziri R, Klibi N, Lozano C, Ben Said L, Bellaaj R, Tenorio C, Boudabous A, Ben Slama K, Torres C. High prevalence of Staphylococcus haemolyticus and Staphylococcus saprophyticus in environmental samples of a Tunisian hospital. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2016; 85:136-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Gharsa H, Ben Slama K, Gómez-Sanz E, Lozano C, Zarazaga M, Messadi L, Boudabous A, Torres C. Molecular characterization of Staphylococcus aureus from nasal samples of healthy farm animals and pets in Tunisia. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2016; 15:109-15. [PMID: 25700041 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2014.1655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A total of 261 healthy farm and pet animals (75 cattle, 52 goats, 100 dogs, and 34 cats) from different regions of Tunisia were screened for Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage. Molecular typing of isolates (by spa- and multilocus sequence-typing) was performed, and their antimicrobial resistance and virulence genotypes were determined by PCR and sequencing. S. aureus isolates were detected in 17 of 261 tested samples (6.5%). All S. aureus isolates recovered were methicillin-susceptible (MSSA), and one isolate/sample was further studied. Eight different spa types were detected (t189, t279, t582, t701, t1166, t1268, t1534, and t1773), and eight different sequence types were identified (ST6, ST15, ST45, ST133, ST188, ST700 [clonal complex CC130], ST2057, and a new ST2121). MSSA from pets (six isolates) showed resistance to (number of isolates, resistance gene): penicillin (six, blaZ), tetracycline (one, tet[M]), erythromycin one, erm[A]), streptomycin (one, ant[6]-Ia), and ciprofloxacin (one). All isolates from farm animals showed susceptibility to the tested antimicrobials, except for two penicillin-resistant isolates. Five S. aureus isolates from goats and cats harbored the lukF/lukS-PV genes, encoding the Panton-Valentine leukocidin, and six isolates from goats harbored the tst virulence gene. In addition, diverse combinations of enterotoxin genes were detected, including two variants of the egc cluster. Goats and cats could represent a reservoir of important toxin genes, with potential implications in animal and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haythem Gharsa
- 1 Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université Tunis-El Manar , Tunis, Tunisia
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Ben Said L, Jouini A, Alonso CA, Klibi N, Dziri R, Boudabous A, Ben Slama K, Torres C. Characteristics of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)- and pAmpC beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae of water samples in Tunisia. Sci Total Environ 2016; 550:1103-1109. [PMID: 26871556 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The presence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase and plasmid-mediated AmpC beta-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-Eb and pAmpC-Eb, respectively) was analyzed in 57 wastewater and 57 surface-water samples in Tunisia. Twenty-four of the 57 wastewater samples (42.1%) and one of the 57 surface-water samples (1.7%, a river that received effluents of a wastewater-treatment-plant) contained ESBL-Eb or pAmpC-Eb; one ESBL/pAmpC-Eb per positive sample was further characterized. Beta-lactamase genes detected were as follows: blaCTX-M-1 (10 Escherichia coli),blaCTX-M-15 (eight E. coli, one Klebsiella pneumoniae, one Citrobacter freundii), blaCTX-M-14 (one E. coli) and blaCMY-2 (four E. coli). The blaTEM-1, blaOXA-1 or blaSHV-1 genes were also found in 72% of these isolates. The ISEcp1, orf477 or IS903 sequences were found upstream or downstream of blaCTX-M genes. Class 1 integrons were present in 16 of the 25 ESBL-Eb/pAmpC-Eb strains (64%), and contained five different gene-cassette arrays. Most of the strains (76%) showed a multiresistant phenotype and qnr genes were identified in four strains. Molecular typing of ESBL/CMY-2-producing E. coli isolates showed 23 different PFGE-patterns and 15 different sequence-types (ST10, ST46, ST48, ST58, ST69, ST101, ST117, ST131, ST141, ST288, ST359, ST399, ST405, ST617, and the new ST4530); these strains were ascribed to phylogroups A (11 isolates), B1 (3 isolates), D (6 isolates) and B2 (3 isolates). From one to five plasmids were detected in each strain (size from 30kb to >240kb) and ESBL or pAmpC genes were transferred by conjugation in 69.5% of the E. coli strains. In conclusion, ESBL-Eb and pAmpC-Eb strains are frequently detected in wastewater samples and they might be a source for dissemination in other environments with repercussion in public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Ben Said
- Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules actives, Faculté de Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ahlem Jouini
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Carla Andrea Alonso
- Area de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Naouel Klibi
- Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules actives, Faculté de Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Raoudha Dziri
- Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules actives, Faculté de Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Abdellatif Boudabous
- Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules actives, Faculté de Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Karim Ben Slama
- Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules actives, Faculté de Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia; Institut Supérieur des Sciences Biologiques Appliquées de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Carmen Torres
- Area de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain.
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Ben Said L, Klibi N, Dziri R, Borgo F, Boudabous A, Ben Slama K, Torres C. Prevalence, antimicrobial resistance and genetic lineages of Enterococcus spp. from vegetable food, soil and irrigation water in farm environments in Tunisia. J Sci Food Agric 2016; 96:1627-1633. [PMID: 25988398 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 03/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to determine the species, clonal diversity, antibiotic resistance and virulence of enterococci in different environments. Seventy-one samples of farm origin (34 of food vegetables, 27 of soil and ten of irrigation water) and 19 samples of vegetables from five markets, were inoculated in Slanetz-Bartley agar plates supplemented or not with gentamicin (SB-Gen and SB plates, respectively) for enterococci recovery. RESULTS Enterococci were obtained from 72.2% of tested samples in SB media (food vegetables from farms, 88.2%; soil and irrigation water, 51%; food vegetables from markets, 84.2%), and 65 enterococcal isolates were obtained. Enterococcus faecium was the most prevalent species (52.3%), followed by E. hirae (35.4%), E. faecalis (6.15%), and E. casseliflavus (6.15%). Antibiotic resistance detected among these enterococci was as follows (percentage/detected gene): ciprofloxacin (60%), erythromycin (18.4%/erm(B)), tetracycline (15.4%/tet(M)-tet(L)), kanamycin (15.4%/aph(3')-III), chloramphenicol (7.7%), streptomycin (3%/ant(6)), vancomycin (6.15%/vanC2)), teicoplanin (0%) and ampicillin (0%). High-level gentamicin-resistant (HLR-G) enterococci were detected in SB-Gen plates in 14 of 90 tested samples (15.5%), and 15 isolates were characterized: ten E. faecalis, four E. faecium and one E. hirae. All HLR-G enterococci carried the aac(6')-aph(2″), erm(B) and tet(M) genes, among other resistance genes. The HLR-G isolates showed high genetic diversity (ten different PFGE profiles), and were ascribed to the sequence types ST2, ST16, ST28 and new ST528 (in E. faecalis), and ST56, new ST885 and new ST886 (in E. faecium). CONCLUSION Food vegetables in the farm or market settings are frequently contaminated by HLR-G enterococci, and these microorganisms could reach the human intestine through the food chain, if hygienic conditions are not followed. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Ben Said
- Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté de Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Naouel Klibi
- Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté de Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Raoudha Dziri
- Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté de Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Francesca Borgo
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, I-20142, Milan, Italy
| | - Abdellatif Boudabous
- Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté de Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Karim Ben Slama
- Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté de Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
- Institut Supérieur des Sciences Biologiques Appliquées de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Carmen Torres
- Area de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, E-26006, Logroño, Spain
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Lozano C, Gharsa H, Ben Slama K, Zarazaga M, Torres C. Staphylococcus aureus in Animals and Food: Methicillin Resistance, Prevalence and Population Structure. A Review in the African Continent. Microorganisms 2016; 4:microorganisms4010012. [PMID: 27681906 PMCID: PMC5029517 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms4010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The interest about Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) in livestock, and domestic and wild animals has significantly increased. The spread of different clonal complexes related to livestock animals, mainly CC398, and the recent description of the new mecC gene, make it necessary to know more about the epidemiology and population structure of this microorganism all over the world. Nowadays, there are several descriptions about the presence of S. aureus and/or MRSA in different animal species (dogs, sheep, donkeys, bats, pigs, and monkeys), and in food of animal origin in African countries. In this continent, there is a high diversity of ethnicities, cultures or religions, as well as a high number of wild animal species and close contact between humans and animals, which can have a relevant impact in the epidemiology of this microorganism. This review shows that some clonal lineages associated with humans (CC1, CC15, CC72, CC80, CC101, and CC152) and animals (CC398, CC130 and CC133) are present in this continent in animal isolates, although the mecC gene has not been detected yet. However, available studies are limited to a few countries, very often with incomplete information, and many more studies are necessary to cover a larger number of African countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Lozano
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of La Rioja, Madre de Dios 53, Logroño 26006, Spain.
| | - Haythem Gharsa
- Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté de Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia.
- Institut Supérieur des Sciences Biologiques Appliquées de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1006, Tunisia.
| | - Karim Ben Slama
- Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté de Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia.
- Institut Supérieur des Sciences Biologiques Appliquées de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1006, Tunisia.
| | - Myriam Zarazaga
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of La Rioja, Madre de Dios 53, Logroño 26006, Spain.
| | - Carmen Torres
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of La Rioja, Madre de Dios 53, Logroño 26006, Spain.
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Ben Said L, Klibi N, Lozano C, Dziri R, Ben Slama K, Boudabous A, Torres C. Diversity of enterococcal species and characterization of high-level aminoglycoside resistant enterococci of samples of wastewater and surface water in Tunisia. Sci Total Environ 2015; 530-531:11-17. [PMID: 26026404 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.05.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
One hundred-fourteen samples of wastewater (n=64) and surface-water (n=50) were inoculated in Slanetz-Bartley agar plates supplemented or not with gentamicin (SB-Gen and SB plates, respectively) for enterococci recovery. Enterococci were obtained from 75% of tested samples in SB media (72% in wastewater; 78% in surface-water), and 85 enterococcal isolates (one/positive-sample) were obtained. Enterococcus faecium was the most prevalent species (63.5%), followed by Enterococcus faecalis (20%), Enterococcus hirae (9.4%), Enterococcus casseliflavus (4.7%), and Enterococcus gallinarum/Enterococcus durans (2.4%). Antibiotic resistance detected among these enterococci was as follows [percentage/detected gene (number isolates)]: kanamycin [29%/aph(3')-IIIa (n=22)], streptomycin [8%/ant(6)-Ia (n=4)], erythromycin [44%/erm(B) (n=34)], tetracycline [18%/tet(M) (n=6)/tet(M)-tet(L) (n=9)], chloramphenicol [2%/cat(A) (n=1)], ciprofloxacin [7%] and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole [94%]. High-level-gentamicin resistant (HLR-G) enterococci were recovered from 15 samples in SB-Gen or SB plates [12/64 samples of wastewater (19%) and 3/50 samples of surface-water (6%)]; HLR-G isolates were identified as E. faecium (n=7), E. faecalis (n=6), and E. casseliflavus (n=2). These HLR-G enterococci carried the aac(6')-Ie-aph(2")-Ia and erm(B) genes, in addition to aph(3')-IIIa (n=10), ant(6)-Ia (n=9), tet(M) (n=13), tet(L) (n=8) and cat(A) genes (n=2). Three HLR-G enterococci carried the esp virulence gene. Sequence-types detected among HLR-G enterococci were as follows: E. faecalis (ST480, ST314, ST202, ST55, and the new ones ST531 and ST532) and E. faecium (ST327, ST12, ST296, and the new ones ST985 and ST986). Thirty-two different PFGE patterns were detected among 36 high-level-aminoglycoside-resistant enterococci recovered in water samples. Diverse genetic lineages of HLR-G enterococci were detected in wastewater and surface-water in Tunisia. Water can represent an important source for the dissemination of these antibiotic resistant microorganisms to other environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Ben Said
- Laboratoire de Microorganismes et Biomolécules actives, Département de Biologie, Faculté de Sciences de Tunis, Campus Universitaire, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Naouel Klibi
- Laboratoire de Microorganismes et Biomolécules actives, Département de Biologie, Faculté de Sciences de Tunis, Campus Universitaire, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Carmen Lozano
- Area de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Raoudha Dziri
- Laboratoire de Microorganismes et Biomolécules actives, Département de Biologie, Faculté de Sciences de Tunis, Campus Universitaire, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Karim Ben Slama
- Laboratoire de Microorganismes et Biomolécules actives, Département de Biologie, Faculté de Sciences de Tunis, Campus Universitaire, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia; Institut Supérieur des Sciences Biologiques Appliquées de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Abdellatif Boudabous
- Laboratoire de Microorganismes et Biomolécules actives, Département de Biologie, Faculté de Sciences de Tunis, Campus Universitaire, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Carmen Torres
- Area de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain.
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Ben Sallem R, Klibi N, Klibi A, Ben Said L, Dziri R, Boudabous A, Torres C, Ben Slama K. Antibiotic resistance and virulence of enterococci isolates from healthy humans in Tunisia. ANN MICROBIOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-015-1157-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Chairat S, Gharsa H, Lozano C, Gómez-Sanz E, Gómez P, Zarazaga M, Boudabous A, Torres C, Ben Slama K. Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus from Raw Meat Samples in Tunisia: Detection of Clonal Lineage ST398 from the African Continent. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2015; 12:686-92. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2015.1958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sarra Chairat
- Laboratoire de Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Département de Biologie, Faculté de Sciences de Tunis, Campus Universitaire, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Haythem Gharsa
- Laboratoire de Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Département de Biologie, Faculté de Sciences de Tunis, Campus Universitaire, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Carmen Lozano
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Elena Gómez-Sanz
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Research Group, Institute of Natural Resource Sciences, Zurich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW), Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Paula Gómez
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Myriam Zarazaga
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Abdellatif Boudabous
- Laboratoire de Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Département de Biologie, Faculté de Sciences de Tunis, Campus Universitaire, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Carmen Torres
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Karim Ben Slama
- Laboratoire de Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Département de Biologie, Faculté de Sciences de Tunis, Campus Universitaire, Tunis, Tunisia
- Institut Supérieur des Sciences Biologiques Appliquées de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
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Mathlouthi N, Areig Z, Al Bayssari C, Bakour S, Ali El Salabi A, Ben Gwierif S, Zorgani AA, Ben Slama K, Chouchani C, Rolain JM. Emergence of Carbapenem-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii Clinical Isolates Collected from Some Libyan Hospitals. Microb Drug Resist 2015; 21:335-41. [DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2014.0235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Najla Mathlouthi
- Unité de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses et tropicales émergentes (URMITE), UM 63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Aix-Marseille-Université, Marseille, France
- Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Campus Universitaire, Université de Tunis El-Manar, El-Manar, Tunisie
| | - Zaynab Areig
- Infection Control Office, Benghazi Medical Centre, Benghazi, Libya
- Department of Microbiology, The Libyan Academy, Benghazi, Libya
| | - Charbel Al Bayssari
- Unité de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses et tropicales émergentes (URMITE), UM 63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Aix-Marseille-Université, Marseille, France
| | - Sofiane Bakour
- Unité de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses et tropicales émergentes (URMITE), UM 63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Aix-Marseille-Université, Marseille, France
| | - Allaaeddin Ali El Salabi
- Infection Control Office, Benghazi Medical Centre, Benghazi, Libya
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya
| | - Salha Ben Gwierif
- Department of Microbiology, The Libyan Academy, Benghazi, Libya
- Department of Botany, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya
| | - Abdulaziz A. Zorgani
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tripoli, Libya
| | - Karim Ben Slama
- Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Campus Universitaire, Université de Tunis El-Manar, El-Manar, Tunisie
| | - Chedly Chouchani
- Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Campus Universitaire, Université de Tunis El-Manar, El-Manar, Tunisie
- Université de Carthage, Institut Supérieur des Sciences et Technologies de l'Environnement de Borj-Cedria, Hammam-Lif, Tunisie
| | - Jean-Marc Rolain
- Unité de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses et tropicales émergentes (URMITE), UM 63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Aix-Marseille-Université, Marseille, France
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Elhani D, Gharsa H, Kalai D, Lozano C, Gómez P, Boutheina J, Aouni M, Barguellil F, Torres C, Ben Slama K. Clonal lineages detected amongst tetracycline-resistant meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates of a Tunisian hospital, with detection of lineage ST398. J Med Microbiol 2015; 64:623-629. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dalèle Elhani
- Laboratoire des Maladies transmissibles et substances biologiquement actives, Faculté de Pharmacie, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Haythem Gharsa
- Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules actives, Faculté de Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Dhia Kalai
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Hôpital Militaire de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Carmen Lozano
- rea de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, A, 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Paula Gómez
- rea de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, A, 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Jemli Boutheina
- Service de Parasitologie, Hôpital Militaire de Tunis et Unité de recherche Epidémiologie moléculaire des infections fongiques nosocomiales (UR09DN03), Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mahjoub Aouni
- Laboratoire des Maladies transmissibles et substances biologiquement actives, Faculté de Pharmacie, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Farouk Barguellil
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Hôpital Militaire de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Carmen Torres
- rea de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, A, 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Karim Ben Slama
- Institut Supérieur des Sciences Biologiques Appliquées de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules actives, Faculté de Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
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Ben Said L, Jouini A, Klibi N, Dziri R, Alonso CA, Boudabous A, Ben Slama K, Torres C. Detection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae in vegetables, soil and water of the farm environment in Tunisia. Int J Food Microbiol 2015; 203:86-92. [PMID: 25791254 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2015.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
One-hundred-nine samples of 18 different farms (49 of food-vegetables, 41 of soil and 19 of irrigation water) and 45 vegetable food samples of 13 markets were collected in Tunisia. These samples were inoculated in MacConkey agar plates supplemented with cefotaxime (2 μg/ml). ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-Eb) were detected in 10 of the 109 farm samples (vegetables, 8.2%; soil, 7.3%; water, 15.8%), and in 4 of 45 vegetables of markets (8.9%), recovering 15 ESBL-Eb. Isolates and ESBL genes detected were: Escherichia coli (n=8: 5 blaCTX-M-1, 2 blaCTX-M-15 and one blaCTX-M-14), Citrobacter freundii (n=4: 3 blaCTX-M-15 and one blaSHV-12), Enterobacter hormaechei (n=2: 2 blaCTX-M-15) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=1, blaCTX-M-15). The ISEcp1 sequence was found upstream of blaCTX-M genes in 13 of 14 strains (in three cases truncated by IS5), and orf477 or IS903 downstream. Class 1 integrons were detected in five strains and contained two gene cassette arrangements (dfrA17-aadA5 and aadA1). Most isolates tested showed a multiresistant phenotype. All blaCTX-M-15-positive strains carried the aac(6')-1b-cr gene, that affects to amikacin-tobramycin-kanamycin-ciprofloxacin. Five ESBL-Eb strains carried genes of the qnr family. The 8 ESBL-positive E. coli isolates were typed as: ST58/B1 (n=3) and ST117/D, ST131/B2, ST10/A, ST23/A, and the new ST3496/D (one strain, each). From 1-2 plasmids were detected in all ESBL-positive E. coli isolates (63-179 kb). The ESBL genes were transferred by conjugation in 4 blaCTX-M-1-positive E. coli strains, and transconjugants acquired a 97 kb IncI1 plasmid. ESBL-Eb isolates are frequently disseminated in vegetable farms and potentially could be transmitted to humans through the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Ben Said
- Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules actives, Faculté de Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ahlem Jouini
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Naouel Klibi
- Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules actives, Faculté de Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Raoudha Dziri
- Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules actives, Faculté de Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Carla Andrea Alonso
- Area de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Abdellatif Boudabous
- Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules actives, Faculté de Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Karim Ben Slama
- Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules actives, Faculté de Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia; Institut Supérieur des Sciences Biologiques Appliquées de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Carmen Torres
- Area de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain.
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Ben Sallem R, Ben Slama K, Rojo-Bezares B, Porres-Osante N, Jouini A, Klibi N, Boudabous A, Sáenz Y, Torres C. IncI1 Plasmids CarryingblaCTX-M-1orblaCMY-2Genes inEscherichia colifrom Healthy Humans and Animals in Tunisia. Microb Drug Resist 2014; 20:495-500. [DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2013.0224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rym Ben Sallem
- Laboratoire Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université Tunis-El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Karim Ben Slama
- Laboratoire Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université Tunis-El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Beatriz Rojo-Bezares
- Área de Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Nerea Porres-Osante
- Área de Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Ahlem Jouini
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology, Group of Bacteriology and Biotechnology, Pasteur Institute, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Naouel Klibi
- Laboratoire Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université Tunis-El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Abdellatif Boudabous
- Laboratoire Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université Tunis-El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Yolanda Sáenz
- Área de Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Carmen Torres
- Área de Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
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Ben Sallem R, Ben Slama K, Estepa V, Cheikhna EO, Mohamed AM, Chairat S, Ruiz-Larrea F, Boudabous A, Torres C. Detection of CTX-M-15-producing Escherichia coli isolates of lineages ST410-A, ST617-A and ST354-D in faecal samples of hospitalized patients in a Mauritanian hospital. J Chemother 2014; 27:114-6. [PMID: 24548094 DOI: 10.1179/1973947814y.0000000172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Gharsa H, Ben Slama K, Gómez-Sanz E, Lozano C, Klibi N, Jouini A, Messadi L, Boudabous A, Torres C. Antimicrobial resistance, virulence genes, and genetic lineages of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in healthy dogs in tunisia. Microb Ecol 2013; 66:363-368. [PMID: 23686400 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-013-0243-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Nasal swabs of 100 healthy dogs were obtained in 2011 in Tunisia and tested for Staphylococcus pseudintermedius recovery. Antimicrobial resistance profile and virulence gene content were determined. Multilocus-sequence-typing (MLST) and SmaI-pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) were investigated. S. pseudintermedius was recovered in 55 of the 100 tested samples (55 %), and one isolate per sample was further studied. All 55 S. pseudintermedius isolates were susceptible to methicillin (MSSP) but showed resistance to the following antimicrobials (% resistant isolates/resistance gene): penicillin (56.4/blaZ), tetracycline (40/tetM), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (23.7), fusidic acid (9), kanamycin (3.7/aph(3´)-Ia), erythromycin-clindamycin (1.8/erm(B)), streptomycin (1.8/ant(6)-Ia), chloramphenicol (1.8) and ciprofloxacin (1.8). The following toxin genes were identified (% of isolates): lukS/F-I (98.2), expA (5.5), se-int (98.2), sec canine (1.8), siet (100), sea (5.5), seb (3.6), sec (10.9), sed (54.5), sei (5.5), sej (29.1), sek (3.6), ser (9.1), and hlg v (38.2). Ten different sequence-types were detected among 11 representative MSSP isolates: ST20, ST44, ST69, ST70, ST78, ST100, ST108, ST160, ST161, and ST162, the last three ones revealing novel alleles or allele combinations. Eleven different PFGE-patterns were identified in these isolates. The nares of healthy dogs could be a reservoir of antimicrobial resistant and virulent MSSP, highlighting the presence of the recently described exfoliating gene expA and several enterotoxin genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haythem Gharsa
- Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
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Klibi N, Said LB, Jouini A, Slama KB, López M, Sallem RB, Boudabous A, Torres C. Species distribution, antibiotic resistance and virulence traits in enterococci from meat in Tunisia. Meat Sci 2013; 93:675-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2012.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2012] [Revised: 09/07/2012] [Accepted: 11/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Jouini A, Slama KB, Klibi N, Sallem RB, Estepa V, Vinué L, Sáenz Y, Ruiz-Larrea F, Boudabous A, Torres C. Lineages and virulence gene content among extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli strains of food origin in Tunisia. J Food Prot 2013; 76:323-7. [PMID: 23433382 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-12-251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Nineteen extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-positive Escherichia coli strains recovered from food samples in Tunisia were characterized by multilocus sequence typing and phylogenetic typing, and the virulence gene and plasmid content were also determined. These strains presented unrelated pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns and contained genes coding for the following ESBLs (the number of strains is in parentheses): CTX-M-1 (15), CTX-M-14 (2), CTX-M-8 (1), and SHV-5 (1). Twelve different sequence types (STs) were identified among the 19 ESBL-positive strains, which included two new STs (ST2022 in 2 bla(CTX-M-14)-containing strains and ST1970 in 2 bla(CTX-M-1)-containing strains). ST155 and ST602 were detected in four and three bla(CTX-M-1)-containing strains, respectively, and ST405 was detected in one bla(CTX-M-8)-producing strain. All ESBL-positive strains were ascribed to the phylogenetic groups A and B1. Most of the bla(CTX-M-1)-containing strains harbored an IncI1 plasmid, except for the four bla(CTX-M-1)-positive strains of beef origin and ST155, which harbored an IncN plasmid. The two bla(CTX-M-14)-containing strains contained an IncI1 plasmid. The virulence gene fimA was detected in all strains. Most strains also carried the aer gene, and six strains carried the eae gene. All strains were negative for the virulence genes sxt, papG-III, papC, hly, cnf1, and bfp. We conclude that ESBL-producing E. coli strains of food origin in Tunisia show high diversity and that plasmids harboring ESBL genes could be implicated in the dissemination of this resistance phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahlem Jouini
- Laboratoire Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université Tunis-El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
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Sallem RB, Gharsa H, Slama KB, Rojo-Bezares B, Estepa V, Porres-Osante N, Jouini A, Klibi N, Sáenz Y, Boudabous A, Torres C. First detection of CTX-M-1, CMY-2, and QnrB19 resistance mechanisms in fecal Escherichia coli isolates from healthy pets in Tunisia. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2013; 13:98-102. [PMID: 23289399 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2012.1047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Our objective was to analyze the carriage rate of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)- and plasmidic AmpC β-lactamase (pAmpC)-producing Escherichia coli isolates in fecal samples of healthy pets (dogs and cats) and to characterize the recovered isolates for the presence of other resistance genes and integrons. Eighty fecal samples of healthy pets were inoculated in MacConkey agar plates supplemented with cefotaxime (2 μg/mL) for cefotaxime-resistant (CTX(R)) E. coli recovery. CTX(R) E. coli isolates were detected in 14 of the 80 fecal samples (17.5%) and the following β-lactamase genes (number of isolates) were detected: bla(CTX-M-1) (8), bla(CTX-M-1)+bla(TEM-1b) (3)(,) bla(CTX-M-1)+bla(TEM-1c) (1), bla(CTX-M-1)+bla(TEM-135) (1), and bla(CMY-2)+bla(TEM-1b) (1). The 14 E. coli were distributed into the phylogroups B1 (6 isolates), A (5), and D (3). The qnrB19 gene was detected in one CTX-M-1-producing strain of phylogroup D. Five isolates contained class 1 integrons with the following arrangements: dfrA17-aadA5 (2 isolates), dfrA1-aadA1 (1), and dfrA17-aadA5/ dfrA1-aadA1 (2 isolates). The virulence genes fimA and/or aer were detected in all CTX(R) strains. In this study, the pet population harbored β-lactamase and quinolone resistance genes of special interest in human health that potentially could be transmitted to humans in close contact with them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rym Ben Sallem
- Laboratoire Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université Tunis-El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
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Ben Sallem R, Ben Slama K, Sáenz Y, Rojo-Bezares B, Estepa V, Jouini A, Gharsa H, Klibi N, Boudabous A, Torres C. Prevalence and Characterization of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL)– and CMY-2–ProducingEscherichia coliIsolates from Healthy Food-Producing Animals in Tunisia. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2012. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2012.1267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rym Ben Sallem
- Laboratoire Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université Tunis–El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Karim Ben Slama
- Laboratoire Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université Tunis–El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Yolanda Sáenz
- Área de Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Beatriz Rojo-Bezares
- Área de Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Vanesa Estepa
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Ahlem Jouini
- Laboratoire Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université Tunis–El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Haythem Gharsa
- Laboratoire Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université Tunis–El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Naouel Klibi
- Laboratoire Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université Tunis–El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Abdellatif Boudabous
- Laboratoire Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université Tunis–El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Carmen Torres
- Área de Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
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Klibi N, Ben Slimen N, Fhoula I, López M, Ben Slama K, Daffonchio D, Boudabous A, Torres C, Ouzari H. Genotypic diversity, antibiotic resistance and bacteriocin production of enterococci isolated from rhizospheres. Microbes Environ 2012; 27:533-7. [PMID: 23124764 PMCID: PMC4103568 DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me12041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to identify and to characterize rhizospheric-derived enterococci. The results showed the prevalence of Enterococcus faecium species (97%) vs. Enterococcus durans (3%). Susceptibility testing for antibiotics showed a low percentage of resistance to erythromycin (3.2%) and tetracycline (11.2%), and intermediate resistance to vancomycin (6.5%). Nevertheless, a high proportion of bacteriocin production was recorded. Furthermore, PCR detection of antibiotic resistance and bacteriocin production-encoding genes was investigated. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis typing (PFGE) showed a great variability of enterococci in the rhizosphere. Moreover, mutilocus-sequence-typing analysis (MLST) revealed the identification of three new sequence types (STs), which were registered as ST613, ST614 and ST615.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naouel Klibi
- Laboratoire de Microorganismes et Biomolécules actives, Département de Biologie, Campus Universitaire, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
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Gharsa H, Ben Sallem R, Ben Slama K, Gómez-Sanz E, Lozano C, Jouini A, Klibi N, Zarazaga M, Boudabous A, Torres C. High diversity of genetic lineages and virulence genes in nasal Staphylococcus aureus isolates from donkeys destined to food consumption in Tunisia with predominance of the ruminant associated CC133 lineage. BMC Vet Res 2012; 8:203. [PMID: 23107174 PMCID: PMC3538696 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-8-203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The objective of this study was to determine the genetic lineages and the incidence of antibiotic resistance and virulence determinants of nasal Staphylococcus aureus isolates of healthy donkeys destined to food consumption in Tunisia. Results Nasal swabs of 100 donkeys obtained in a large slaughterhouse in 2010 were inoculated in specific media for S. aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) recovery. S. aureus was obtained in 50% of the samples, being all of isolates methicillin-susceptible (MSSA). Genetic lineages, toxin gene profile, and antibiotic resistance mechanisms were determined in recovered isolates. Twenty-five different spa-types were detected among the 50 MSSA with 9 novel spa-types. S. aureus isolates were ascribed to agr type I (37 isolates), III (7), II (4), and IV (2). Sixteen different sequence-types (STs) were revealed by MLST, with seven new ones. STs belonging to clonal clomplex CC133 were majority. The gene tst was detected in 6 isolates and the gene etb in one isolate. Different combinations of enterotoxin, leukocidin and haemolysin genes were identified among S. aureus isolates. The egc-cluster-like and an incomplete egc-cluster-like were detected. Isolates resistant to penicillin, erythromycin, fusidic acid, streptomycin, ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, tetracycline, or chloramphenicol were found and the genes blaZ, erm(A), erm(C), tet(M), fusC were identified. Conclusions The nares of donkeys frequently harbor MSSA. They could be reservoirs of the ruminant-associated CC133 lineage and of toxin genes encoding TSST-1 and other virulence traits with potential implications in public health. CC133 seems to have a broader host distribution than expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haythem Gharsa
- Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté desSciences de Tunis, Université Tunis-El Manar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia
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Gharsa H, Ben Slama K, Lozano C, Gómez-Sanz E, Klibi N, Ben Sallem R, Gómez P, Zarazaga M, Boudabous A, Torres C. Prevalence, antibiotic resistance, virulence traits and genetic lineages of Staphylococcus aureus in healthy sheep in Tunisia. Vet Microbiol 2011; 156:367-73. [PMID: 22176760 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2011.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Revised: 11/04/2011] [Accepted: 11/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Nasal swabs of 163 healthy sheep were obtained from two farms and one abattoir in Tunisia during 2010. Samples were inoculated in Baird Parker agar and ORSAB medium for Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) recovery, respectively. MRSA was detected in 5 of these 163 samples (3%) in ORSAB medium, and one isolate per sample was further studied. MRSA isolates were mecA-positive, typed as ST153-CC80-t044-agrIII, and contained blaZ, ant(6)-Ia, aph(3')-IIIa, erm(C), tet(K), and fusB genes encoding penicillin, streptomycin, kanamycin, erythromycin, tetracycline and fusidic acid resistance, respectively. These MRSA isolates showed indistinguishable or closely related PFGE-patterns and harboured the lukF/lukS gene encoding the Panton-Valentine leukocidin and the luk-ED, hla, hld, and hlg(v) genes. Methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) were recovered in 68 of the 163 samples (41.7%) and one isolate per sample was characterized. Most of MSSA (82.4%) showed susceptibility to the tested antibiotics with exceptions: penicillin (6%, carrying blaZ gene), tetracycline (19%, carrying tet(K) gene) and fusidic acid (9%). The following toxin-genes were identified among MSSA: tst (53 isolates), luk-M (52), luk-ED, hla, hlb, hld and hlg(v) (67), hlg (1), sec (49), sel (52), and the egc-cluster-like sen-sem-sei-seo-seg (1). Ten spa-types (two of them new ones) and nine sequence types (six new ones) were detected among the 73 S. aureus isolates, and they were ascribed to agr types I and III. All MRSA and MSSA isolates were able to coagulate bovine plasma and MRSA harboured the immune-evasion-gene-cluster type E. Conclusions. Nares of healthy sheep could be a reservoir of PVL-positive community-associated-MRSA and also of TSST-positive S. aureus isolates, with potential implications in public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haythem Gharsa
- Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université Tunis-El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
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Ben Slama K, Ben Sallem R, Jouini A, Rachid S, Moussa L, Sáenz Y, Estepa V, Somalo S, Boudabous A, Torres C. Diversity of Genetic Lineages Among CTX-M-15 and CTX-M-14 Producing Escherichia coli Strains in a Tunisian Hospital. Curr Microbiol 2011; 62:1794-801. [DOI: 10.1007/s00284-011-9930-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2011] [Accepted: 03/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Ben Slama K, Jouini A, Ben Sallem R, Somalo S, Sáenz Y, Estepa V, Boudabous A, Torres C. Prevalence of broad-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli isolates in food samples in Tunisia, and characterization of integrons and antimicrobial resistance mechanisms implicated. Int J Food Microbiol 2009; 137:281-6. [PMID: 20031243 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2009.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2009] [Revised: 11/30/2009] [Accepted: 12/02/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The presence of broad-spectrum-cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli isolates and the implicated mechanisms of resistance were investigated in 79 food samples of animal origin obtained in different supermarkets and local butcheries in Tunisia. Ten of these samples (12.6%) harbored extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing E. coli isolates and 13 ESBL-positive isolates were recovered (one or two/sample), which exhibited nine different Pulsed-Field-Gel-Electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns. ESBLs detected were the following: CTX-M-1 (10 strains), CTX-M-1+TEM-1b (2 strains) and CTX-M-1+TEM-20 (1 strain). The orf477 sequence was identified downstream of bla(CTX-M-1) gene in all 13 strains and ISEcp1 upstream in 9 strains. All ESBL-positive strains were included into phylogenetic group A or B1 (4 and 9 strains, respectively). Three of the 79 food samples (3.8%) contained broad-spectrum-cephalosporin-resistant and ESBL-negative E. coli isolates with AmpC phenotype. One isolate per sample was studied, and they showed unrelated PFGE patterns. The CMY-2 type beta-lactamase was identified in one of these 3 strains and specific point mutations in the promoter/attenuator region of ampC gene (at positions -42, -18, -1 and +58) were detected in the remaining two strains. Twelve ESBL-positive and one ESBL-negative E. coli strains contained class 1 integrons with the following gene cassette arrangements: dfrA1+aadA (6 strains) and dfrA17+aadA5 (7 strains). E. coli strains from food samples could represent a reservoir of ESBL-encoding genes and integrons that could be transmitted to humans through the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Ben Slama
- Laboratoire MBA, Département de Biologie, Faculté de Sciences de Tunis, Campus Universitaire, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
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Jouini A, Ben Slama K, Sáenz Y, Klibi N, Costa D, Vinué L, Zarazaga M, Boudabous A, Torres C. Detection of multiple-antimicrobial resistance and characterization of the implicated genes in Escherichia coli isolates from foods of animal origin in Tunis. J Food Prot 2009; 72:1082-8. [PMID: 19517738 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-72.5.1082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of antimicrobial resistance was conducted for 98 Escherichia coli isolates recovered from 40 food samples of animal origin (poultry, sheep, beef, fish, and others) obtained in supermarkets and local butcheries in Tunis during 2004 and 2005. Susceptibility to 15 antimicrobial agents was tested by disk diffusion and agar dilution methods, the mechanisms of resistance were evaluated using PCR and sequencing methods, and the clonal relationship among isolates was evaluated using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. High resistance was detected to tetracycline, sulphonamides, nalidixic acid, ampicillin, streptomycin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (29 to 43% of isolates), but all isolates were susceptible to cefotaxime, ceftazidime, cefoxitin, azthreonam, and amikacin. One-third of the isolates had multiresistant phenotypes (resistance to at least five different families of antimicrobial agents). Different variants of blaTEM, tet, sul, dfrA, aadA, and aac(3) genes were detected in most of the strains resistant to ampicillin, tetracycline, sulphonamide, trimethoprim, streptomycin, and gentamicin, respectively. The presence of class 1 and class 2 integrons was studied in 15 sulphonamide-resistant unrelated E. coli strains, and 14 of these strains harbored class 1 integrons with five different arrangements of gene cassettes, and a class 2 integron with the dfrA 1 + sat + aadA 1 arrangement was found in one strain. This study revealed the high diversity of antimicrobial resistance genes, some of them included in integrons, in E. coli isolates of food origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahlem Jouini
- Laboratoire MBA, Départements de Biologie, Faculté de Sciences de Tunis, Campus Universitaire, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
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