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Zou M, Bhatia A, Dong H, Jayaprakash P, Guo J, Sahu D, Hou Y, Tsen F, Tong C, O'Brien K, Situ AJ, Schmidt T, Chen M, Ying Q, Ulmer TS, Woodley DT, Li W. Correction: Evolutionarily conserved dual lysine motif determines the non-chaperone function of secreted Hsp90alpha in tumour progression. Oncogene 2024; 43:1397-1398. [PMID: 38575761 PMCID: PMC11065679 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-024-03017-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- M Zou
- Department of Dermatology and the Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, and Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - A Bhatia
- Department of Dermatology and the Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - H Dong
- Department of Dermatology and the Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, and Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - P Jayaprakash
- Department of Dermatology and the Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - J Guo
- Department of Dermatology and the Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - D Sahu
- Department of Dermatology and the Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Y Hou
- Department of Dermatology and the Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - F Tsen
- Department of Dermatology and the Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - C Tong
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research and Department of Cell and Neurobiology, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - K O'Brien
- Department of Dermatology and the Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - A J Situ
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute University of Southern California Keck Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - T Schmidt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute University of Southern California Keck Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - M Chen
- Department of Dermatology and the Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Medical Research, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Heath Care System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Q Ying
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research and Department of Cell and Neurobiology, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - T S Ulmer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute University of Southern California Keck Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - D T Woodley
- Department of Dermatology and the Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Medical Research, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Heath Care System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - W Li
- Department of Dermatology and the Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Medical Research, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Heath Care System, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Choy MA, O'Brien K, Barnes K, Sturgiss EA, Rieger E, Douglas K. Evaluating the Digital Health Experience for Patients in Primary Care: Mixed Methods Study. J Med Internet Res 2024; 26:e50410. [PMID: 38602768 PMCID: PMC11046385 DOI: 10.2196/50410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The digital health divide for socioeconomic disadvantage describes a pattern in which patients considered socioeconomically disadvantaged, who are already marginalized through reduced access to face-to-face health care, are additionally hindered through less access to patient-initiated digital health. A comprehensive understanding of how patients with socioeconomic disadvantage access and experience digital health is essential for improving the digital health divide. Primary care patients, especially those with chronic disease, have experience of the stages of initial help seeking and self-management of their health, which renders them a key demographic for research on patient-initiated digital health access. OBJECTIVE This study aims to provide comprehensive primary mixed methods data on the patient experience of barriers to digital health access, with a focus on the digital health divide. METHODS We applied an exploratory mixed methods design to ensure that our survey was primarily shaped by the experiences of our interviewees. First, we qualitatively explored the experience of digital health for 19 patients with socioeconomic disadvantage and chronic disease and second, we quantitatively measured some of these findings by designing and administering a survey to 487 Australian general practice patients from 24 general practices. RESULTS In our qualitative first phase, the key barriers found to accessing digital health included (1) strong patient preference for human-based health services; (2) low trust in digital health services; (3) high financial costs of necessary tools, maintenance, and repairs; (4) poor publicly available internet access options; (5) reduced capacity to engage due to increased life pressures; and (6) low self-efficacy and confidence in using digital health. In our quantitative second phase, 31% (151/487) of the survey participants were found to have never used a form of digital health, while 10.7% (52/487) were low- to medium-frequency users and 48.5% (236/487) were high-frequency users. High-frequency users were more likely to be interested in digital health and had higher self-efficacy. Low-frequency users were more likely to report difficulty affording the financial costs needed for digital access. CONCLUSIONS While general digital interest, financial cost, and digital health literacy and empowerment are clear factors in digital health access in a broad primary care population, the digital health divide is also facilitated in part by a stepped series of complex and cumulative barriers. Genuinely improving digital health access for 1 cohort or even 1 person requires a series of multiple different interventions tailored to specific sequential barriers. Within primary care, patient-centered care that continues to recognize the complex individual needs of, and barriers facing, each patient should be part of addressing the digital health divide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda Ada Choy
- School of Medicine and Psychology, College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
- Academic Unit of General Practice, Office of Professional Leadership and Education, ACT Health Directorate, Canberra, Australia
| | - Kathleen O'Brien
- School of Medicine and Psychology, College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Katelyn Barnes
- School of Medicine and Psychology, College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
- Academic Unit of General Practice, Office of Professional Leadership and Education, ACT Health Directorate, Canberra, Australia
| | | | - Elizabeth Rieger
- School of Medicine and Psychology, College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Kirsty Douglas
- School of Medicine and Psychology, College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
- Academic Unit of General Practice, Office of Professional Leadership and Education, ACT Health Directorate, Canberra, Australia
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3
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Chen-Yost HI, Huang T, O'Brien K, Weir W, Reddy RM, Lieberman R, Pang J. Endometriosis first presenting in pleural fluid cytology. Diagn Cytopathol 2024; 52:E95-E99. [PMID: 38291867 DOI: 10.1002/dc.25278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Most patients with thoracic endometriosis present with catamenial pneumothorax, a rare condition in which recurrent episodes occur within 72 h before or after the start of menstruation. We report a case of thoracic endometriosis presenting with recurrent bloody pleural effusions without pneumothorax diagnosed on pleural fluid cytology. We describe the cytomorphology and immunoprofile of thoracic endometriosis and discuss the differential diagnoses, including neoplastic processes. We also highlight the importance of communication with clinicians for timeliness of diagnosis and treatment, especially when thoracic endometriosis is not suspected.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Pathology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Kathleen O'Brien
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - William Weir
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Rishindra M Reddy
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Richard Lieberman
- Department of Pathology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Judy Pang
- Department of Pathology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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4
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Barnes K, Hall Dykgraaf S, O'Brien K, Douglas K, Eggleton K, Bui N, Wong ST, Etz RS, Goodyear-Smith F. A novel methodological approach to participant engagement and policy relevance for community-based primary medical care research during the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia and New Zealand. Health Res Policy Syst 2024; 22:13. [PMID: 38254197 PMCID: PMC10802036 DOI: 10.1186/s12961-023-01100-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Community-based primary care, such as general practice (GP) or urgent care, serves as the primary point of access to healthcare for most Australians and New Zealanders. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has created significant and ongoing disruptions to primary care. Traditional research methods have contributed to gaps in understanding the experiences of primary care workers during the pandemic. This paper describes a novel research design and method that intended to capture the evolving impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on primary care workers in Australia and New Zealand. Recurrent, rapid cycle surveys were fielded from May 2020 through December 2021 in Australia, and May 2020 through February 2021 in New Zealand. Rapid survey development, fielding, triangulated analysis and dissemination of results allowed close to real-time communication of relevant issues among general practice workers, researchers and policy-makers. A conceptual model is presented to support longitudinal analysis of primary care worker experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia and New Zealand, and key learnings from applying this novel method are discussed. This paper will assist future research teams in development and execution of policy-relevant research in times of change and may inform further areas of interest for COVID-19 research in primary care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn Barnes
- Academic Unit of General Practice, ACT Health Directorate, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
- Academic Unit of General Practice, School of Medicine and Psychology, the Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
| | - Sally Hall Dykgraaf
- Rural Clinical School, School of Medicine and Psychology, the Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Kathleen O'Brien
- Academic Unit of General Practice, School of Medicine and Psychology, the Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Kirsty Douglas
- Academic Unit of General Practice, ACT Health Directorate, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Academic Unit of General Practice, School of Medicine and Psychology, the Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Kyle Eggleton
- Department of General Practice & Primary Health Care, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nam Bui
- Department of General Practice & Primary Health Care, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sabrina T Wong
- School of Nursing and Centre for Health Services and Policy Research, University of British Columbia, 2211 Westbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T2B5, Canada
| | - Rebecca S Etz
- Larry A. Green Center for the Advancement of Primary Health Care for the Public Good, Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States of America
| | - Felicity Goodyear-Smith
- Department of General Practice & Primary Health Care, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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5
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Vadinova V, Sihvonen AJ, Wee F, Garden KL, Ziraldo L, Roxbury T, O'Brien K, Copland DA, McMahon KL, Brownsett SLE. The volume and the distribution of premorbid white matter hyperintensities: Impact on post-stroke aphasia. Hum Brain Mapp 2024; 45:e26568. [PMID: 38224539 PMCID: PMC10789210 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
White matter hyperintensities (WMH) are a radiological manifestation of progressive white matter integrity loss. The total volume and distribution of WMH within the corpus callosum have been associated with pathological cognitive ageing processes but have not been considered in relation to post-stroke aphasia outcomes. We investigated the contribution of both the total volume of WMH, and the extent of WMH lesion load in the corpus callosum to the recovery of language after first-ever stroke. Behavioural and neuroimaging data from individuals (N = 37) with a left-hemisphere stroke were included at the early subacute stage of recovery. Spoken language comprehension and production abilities were assessed using word and sentence-level tasks. Neuroimaging data was used to derive stroke lesion variables (volume and lesion load to language critical regions) and WMH variables (WMH volume and lesion load to three callosal segments). WMH volume did not predict variance in language measures, when considered together with stroke lesion and demographic variables. However, WMH lesion load in the forceps minor segment of the corpus callosum explained variance in early subacute comprehension abilities (t = -2.59, p = .01) together with corrected stroke lesion volume and socio-demographic variables. Premorbid WMH lesions in the forceps minor were negatively associated with early subacute language comprehension after aphasic stroke. This negative impact of callosal WMH on language is consistent with converging evidence from pathological ageing suggesting that callosal WMH disrupt the neural networks supporting a range of cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Vadinova
- Queensland Aphasia Research CentreUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
- School of Health and Rehabilitation SciencesUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
- Centre of Research Excellence in Aphasia Recovery and RehabilitationLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneAustralia
| | - A. J. Sihvonen
- Queensland Aphasia Research CentreUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
- School of Health and Rehabilitation SciencesUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
- Centre of Research Excellence in Aphasia Recovery and RehabilitationLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneAustralia
- Cognitive Brain Research Unit (CBRU)University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Centre of Excellence in Music, Mind, Body and BrainUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - F. Wee
- Queensland Aphasia Research CentreUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - K. L. Garden
- Queensland Aphasia Research CentreUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
- School of Health and Rehabilitation SciencesUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
- Centre of Research Excellence in Aphasia Recovery and RehabilitationLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneAustralia
| | - L. Ziraldo
- Queensland Aphasia Research CentreUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - T. Roxbury
- Queensland Aphasia Research CentreUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - K. O'Brien
- Queensland Aphasia Research CentreUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - D. A. Copland
- Queensland Aphasia Research CentreUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
- School of Health and Rehabilitation SciencesUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
- Centre of Research Excellence in Aphasia Recovery and RehabilitationLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneAustralia
| | - K. L. McMahon
- School of Clinical Sciences, Centre for Biomedical TechnologiesQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneAustralia
| | - S. L. E. Brownsett
- Queensland Aphasia Research CentreUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
- School of Health and Rehabilitation SciencesUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
- Centre of Research Excellence in Aphasia Recovery and RehabilitationLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneAustralia
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6
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Miller MM, Rowe G, O'Brien K, Kim G, Luu M. A diffuse, pustular eruption in a neonate: Recognizing SAMD9L-associated autoinflammatory disease (SAAD). Pediatr Dermatol 2024; 41:112-114. [PMID: 37571861 DOI: 10.1111/pde.15411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
A 3-week-old baby with hydrops fetalis, acute respiratory failure, and shock of unknown etiology developed a diffuse, pustular rash with worsening inflammatory markers and respiratory status despite antimicrobials. Whole exome sequencing revealed a de novo, frameshift mutation in the SAM9DL gene, leading to the diagnosis of SAMD9L-associated autoinflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie M Miller
- Department of Dermatology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Georgina Rowe
- Department of Dermatology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kathleen O'Brien
- Department of Dermatology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Gene Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Minnelly Luu
- Department of Dermatology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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7
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McDaid E, Long S, Curtin C, Burke C, O'Brien K, Cogan L, Ahern E, Mello S, O'Connor M. 95 EXPLORING HIP FRACTURE OUTCOMES IN POST-ACUTE REHABILITATION: A MULTI-SITE AUDIT. Age Ageing 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afac218.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
In 2020, 28% of all hip fractures in Ireland were discharged to off-site rehabilitation. The annual Irish Hip Fracture Database (IHFD) report captures patient outcomes at the point of acute discharge however patient outcomes at discharge from offsite rehabilitation are unknown.
Methods
A multi-site retrospective audit was completed examining hip fracture outcomes for patients admitted to four post-acute rehabilitation hospitals during 2021, using IHFD HIPE portals as well as local databases. Descriptive statistics including demographics, pre-fracture mobility as well as outcomes measured including acute length of stay, rehabilitation length of stay, discharge destination and independence with mobility on discharge from rehabilitation. A comparison analysis between sites was completed.
Results
A total of 445 patients were admitted post hip fracture to the four rehabilitation hospitals in 2021. Most were female (69%, n=307), mean age 82.5, 49% lived alone and most (55%) had low pre-fracture mobility as measured by New Mobility Score of 0-6. The mean acute length of stay was 11.8 days and rehabilitation stay 37.6 days. Most (90.2% of complete data, n=333) discharged home, 4.5% (n=17) were transferred to hospital, 3.2% (n=12) were newly admitted to nursing home and 1% (n=4) died. Most (82.2% of complete data, n=256) were independently mobile (CAS 6) at discharge from rehabilitation. There was no significant difference in patient profile between sites however there were significant difference in both acute length of stay (median range 8-13days) as well as rehabilitation length of stay (median range 16-39days).
Conclusion
The findings of this audit provide a new perspective on recovery post hip fracture and insight into longer term hip fracture outcomes. It shows that data collection is feasible in off-site rehabilitation units and should be considered for inclusion in the IHFD. Further work could explore the establishment of standards of care in the post-acute phase of hip fracture rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E McDaid
- The Royal Hospital Donnybrook , Dublin, Ireland
| | - S Long
- South Infirmary-Victoria University Hospital , Cork, Ireland
| | - C Curtin
- South Infirmary-Victoria University Hospital , Cork, Ireland
| | - C Burke
- Peamount Healthcare , Dublin, Ireland
| | - K O'Brien
- National Orthopaedic Hospital Cappagh , Dublin, Ireland
| | - L Cogan
- The Royal Hospital Donnybrook , Dublin, Ireland
| | - E Ahern
- South Infirmary-Victoria University Hospital , Cork, Ireland
| | - S Mello
- Peamount Healthcare , Dublin, Ireland
| | - M O'Connor
- National Orthopaedic Hospital Cappagh , Dublin, Ireland
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8
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O'Brien K, Fei F, Quint E, Dendrinos M. Non-Obstetric Traumatic Vulvar Hematomas in Premenarchal and Postmenarchal Girls. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2022; 35:546-551. [PMID: 35358706 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2022.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic non-obstetrical hematomas of the vulva are rare, and most reports only involve adult patients. There are no data on presentation, management, and outcomes from either conservative or surgical management in pediatric and adolescent patients. The objective of this project was to compare the etiology, treatment, and outcomes of traumatic vulvar hematomas occurring in premenarchal and postmenarchal young women. METHODS A retrospective chart review was performed on females aged 0-24 years seen at a tertiary care academic center using ICD 9 and 10 codes for traumatic vulvar hematoma from 2006-2019. Data describing their clinical presentation and course were collected. IRB approval was obtained. RESULTS Twenty patients, aged 3-23 years (median age of 13.5 years) were identified. All 8 premenarchal patients presented with a straddle injury, whereas only 50% of postmenarchal patients were found to have a straddle injury. Other etiologies among postmenarchal patients included consensual sexual intercourse and recent vulvar surgery. Hematoma diameter ranged from 1-3 cm in premenarchal patients and 0.4-7 cm in postmenarchal patients. Associated perineal lacerations were reported in 50% of the premenarchal girls and 8% of postmenarchal young women. Of the 8 premenarchal patients, 5 were managed conservatively, and 3 were taken to the operating room for repair of perineal lacerations; 1 patient also underwent evacuation of a 3-cm hematoma. Of the 12 postmenarchal patients, 5 had surgical intervention, 2 for pain secondary to large 7-cm hematomas and 3 for suspected vulvar abscesses, which were identified as hematomas after drainage. One patient in each group required a Foley catheter for comfort. Two postmenarchal patients required a second surgery for further wound management. One premenarchal patient with surgical treatment required a follow-up exam under anesthesia. Four patients were admitted for pain and postoperative observation, 1 of whom was premenarchal. Eleven patients were seen for follow-up, and 10 were doing well. One postmenarchal patient in the conservative management group returned to the Emergency Department with continued pain 10 days later. CONCLUSIONS In this study that examined traumatic vulvar hematomas in premenarchal and postmenarchal young women, the only mechanism of injury in premenarchal girls was straddle injury, and surgical intervention was usually needed only for repair of perineal lacerations, not a primary hematoma. In the postmenarchal patients, surgical intervention was undertaken for larger hematomas and suspected vulvar abscesses. Our study suggests that most hematomas up to 3 cm in premenarchal patients and up to 6 cm in postmenarchal patients can be managed conservatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen O'Brien
- University of Michigan Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Frances Fei
- Section of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Elisabeth Quint
- Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Melina Dendrinos
- Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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O'Brien K, Barnes K, Hall Dykgraaf S, Douglas KA. COVID-19 vaccinations and counselling: a mixed-methods survey of Australian general practice in July 2021. Aust J Prim Health 2022; 28:399-407. [PMID: 35710104 DOI: 10.1071/py21301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND GPs are integral to the COVID-19 vaccination rollout, providing education and administering vaccines. We sought to describe how counselling relating to COVID-19 vaccination was impacting Australian general practice consultations. METHODS We conducted an online, mixed-methods, cross-sectional survey of Australian community-based primary care from 7 to 15 July 2021. This survey, number 15 in a series of recurrent cross-sectional surveys conducted over a 14-month period, explored how counselling relating to COVID-19 vaccination was impacting general practice consultations, through multiple selection and open text responses; it also included questions on respondent and practice characteristics, and pandemic-related stress and strain. We calculated descriptive statistics for quantitative variables, and analysed free-text responses using an inductive content analysis approach. RESULTS We received 73 responses (72 GPs) across all states/territories. Discussions with patients about COVID-19 vaccines and vaccination were common, increasing the duration of routine consultations by 6min on average (s.d. 2.9). Respondents described the impact of the resulting time pressures, and the stress and challenges of participating in COVID-19 vaccine communication and administration. Although our results are illuminating, they are limited by the small sample, with some different characteristics from national estimates, an uncertain response rate and the inability to pilot the survey prior to distribution. CONCLUSIONS The significant impact on general practice consultation from COVID-19 vaccine counselling is on a background of ongoing pandemic-related stress and strain. With a strong track record of population vaccination, GPs are well-placed to deliver COVID-19 immunisations to the Australian population. However, they must be represented in planning and coordination, to reduce the overall burden on primary care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen O'Brien
- Academic Unit of General Practice, Australian National University, Garran, ACT 2605, Australia
| | - Katelyn Barnes
- Academic Unit of General Practice, ACT Health/Australian National University, Garran, ACT 2605, Australia
| | - Sally Hall Dykgraaf
- Rural Clinical School, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Kirsty A Douglas
- Academic Unit of General Practice, ACT Health/Australian National University, Garran, ACT 2605, Australia
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Khan S, Saizan AL, O'Brien K, Kim G, Elbuluk N. Diffuse hyperpigmented lichenoid drug eruption secondary to Enzalutamide. Current Problems in Cancer: Case Reports 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpccr.2021.100135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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11
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Lee MH, Leda M, Buchan T, Malik A, Rigobon A, Liu H, Daza JF, O'Brien K, Stein M, Hing NNF, Siemeiniuk R, Sekercioglu N, Evaniew N, Foroutan F, Ross H, Alba AC. Prognostic value of blood pressure in ambulatory heart failure: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Ambulatory blood pressure predicts heart failure prognosis. Heart Fail Rev 2022; 27:455-464. [PMID: 33682033 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-021-10086-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Previous primary studies have explored the association between blood pressure (BP) and mortality in ambulatory heart failure (HF) patients reporting varying and contrasting associations. The aim is to determine the pooled BP prognostic value and explore potential reasons for between-study inconsistency. We searched Medline, Cochrane, EMBASE and CINAHL from January 2005 to October 2018 for studies with ≥ 50 events (mortality and/or hospitalization) and included BP in a multivariable model in ambulatory HF patients. We pooled hazard ratios (random effects model) for systolic BP (SBP) or diastolic BP (DBP) effect on mortality and/or hospitalization risk. We used a priori defined sub-group analyses to explore heterogeneity and GRADE approach to assess the certainty of the evidence. Seventy-one eligible articles (239,467 screened) at low to moderate risk of bias included 235,752 participants. Higher SBP was associated with reduced all-cause mortality (HR 0.93, 95%CI 0.91-0.95, I2 = 87.13%, moderate certainty), all-cause hospitalization events (HR 0.91, 95%CI 0.88-0.93, I2 = 44.4%, high certainty) and their composite endpoint (HR 0.93 per 10 mmHg, 95%CI 0.91-0.94, I2 = 86.3%, high certainty). DBP did not demonstrate a statistically significant effect for all outcomes. The association strength was significantly weaker in studies following patients with either LVEF > 40%, higher average SBP (> 130 mmHg), increasing age and diabetes. All other a priori subgroup hypotheses did not explain between study differences. Higher ambulatory SBP is associated with reduced risk of all-cause mortality and hospitalization. Patients with lower BP and reduced LVEF are in a high-risk group of developing adverse events with moderate certainty of evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H Lee
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mariela Leda
- Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Tayler Buchan
- Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Abdullah Malik
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alanna Rigobon
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Helen Liu
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Nathan Evaniew
- Section of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Farid Foroutan
- Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Heather Ross
- Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ana Carolina Alba
- Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Kong Kam Wa T, Holmes C, O'Brien K. A case series of paediatric patients with spinal muscular atrophy type I undergoing scoliosis correction surgery. Anaesth Rep 2021; 9:e12138. [PMID: 34870210 DOI: 10.1002/anr3.12138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy is a neuromuscular disorder with degeneration of spinal motor neurons. Type I is a severe variant that was recently shown to be amenable to treatment with the antisense oligonucleotide nusinersen. As a result of increased life expectancy with this treatment, more children with spinal muscular atrophy type I are presenting for spinal correction surgery. In this case series, we present four such patients who underwent spinal surgery at our institution over the course of one year. Pre-operative assessment showed evidence of reduced respiratory function requiring nocturnal non-invasive ventilation in all four patients. A difficult airway was encountered in two of the four patients. Postoperative complications were ubiquitous and included CSF leak, poor wound healing, metal frame exposure, frame instability and wound infection. There were no postoperative respiratory complications and all four children returned to their respiratory baseline postoperatively. All patients underwent successful lumbar puncture and intrathecal nusinersen injection following their spinal surgeries. Given the risk of complications and prolonged recovery following spinal surgery, a detailed family discussion is advisable.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kong Kam Wa
- Department of Anaesthesiology Children's Health Ireland at Temple Street Dublin Ireland
| | - C Holmes
- Department of Anaesthesiology Children's Health Ireland at Temple Street Dublin Ireland
| | - K O'Brien
- Department of Anaesthesiology Children's Health Ireland at Temple Street Dublin Ireland
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13
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O'Brien D, Hall J, Miró A, O'Brien K, Falaschi M, Jehle R. Reversing a downward trend in threatened peripheral amphibian (Triturus cristatus) populations through interventions combining species, habitat and genetic information. J Nat Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnc.2021.126077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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14
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O'Brien K, Petra V, Lal D, Kwai K, McDonald M, Jeanmonod R. 224 Gender Coding in Job Advertisements for Academic, Non-Academic, and Leadership Positions in Emergency Medicine. Ann Emerg Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2021.09.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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O'Brien K, Petra V, Lal D, Kwai K, McDonald M, Jeanmonod R. 227 Gender Coding in Physician Job Advertisements and Sex Disparities in Medical and Surgical Fields. Ann Emerg Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2021.09.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Sturgiss EA, O'Brien K, Elmitt N, Agostino J, Ardouin S, Douglas K, Clark AM. Obesity management in primary care: systematic review exploring the influence of therapeutic alliance. Fam Pract 2021; 38:644-653. [PMID: 33882128 DOI: 10.1093/fampra/cmab026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify the influence of the therapeutic alliance on the effectiveness of obesity interventions delivered in primary care. METHOD Systematic review of randomized controlled trials of primary care interventions for adult patients living with obesity. Comprehensive search strategy using the terms 'obesity', 'primary care' and 'intervention' of seven databases from 1 January 1998 to March 2018. Primary outcome was difference in weight loss in interventions where a therapeutic alliance was present. RESULTS From 10 636 studies, 11 (3955 patients) were eligible. Only one study had interventions that reported all aspects of therapeutic alliance, including bond, goals and tasks. Meta-analysis was not included due to high statistical heterogeneity and low numbers of trials; as per our protocol, we proceeded to narrative synthesis. Some interventions included the regular primary care practitioner in management; very few included collaborative goal setting and most used prescriptive protocols to direct care. CONCLUSIONS We were surprised that so few trials reported the inclusion of elements of the therapeutic alliance when relational aspects of primary care are critical for effectiveness. Interventions could be developed to maximize therapeutic relationships and research reports should describe interventions comprehensively. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42018091338 in PROSPERO (International prospective register of systematic reviews).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kathleen O'Brien
- Academic Unit of General Practice, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Nicholas Elmitt
- Academic Unit of General Practice, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Jason Agostino
- Academic Unit of General Practice, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Stephen Ardouin
- Department of General Practice, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kirsty Douglas
- Academic Unit of General Practice, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Alexander M Clark
- Vice President Research and Innovation office, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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17
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Morvan A, Ramasesh VV, Blok MS, Kreikebaum JM, O'Brien K, Chen L, Mitchell BK, Naik RK, Santiago DI, Siddiqi I. Qutrit Randomized Benchmarking. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 126:210504. [PMID: 34114846 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.210504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Ternary quantum processors offer significant potential computational advantages over conventional qubit technologies, leveraging the encoding and processing of quantum information in qutrits (three-level systems). To evaluate and compare the performance of such emerging quantum hardware it is essential to have robust benchmarking methods suitable for a higher-dimensional Hilbert space. We demonstrate extensions of industry standard randomized benchmarking (RB) protocols, developed and used extensively for qubits, suitable for ternary quantum logic. Using a superconducting five-qutrit processor, we find an average single-qutrit process infidelity of 3.8×10^{-3}. Through interleaved RB, we characterize a few relevant gates, and employ simultaneous RB to fully characterize crosstalk errors. Finally, we apply cycle benchmarking to a two-qutrit CSUM gate and obtain a two-qutrit process fidelity of 0.85. Our results present and demonstrate RB-based tools to characterize the performance of a qutrit processor, and a general approach to diagnose control errors in future qudit hardware.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Morvan
- Quantum Nanoelectronics Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Computational Research Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - V V Ramasesh
- Quantum Nanoelectronics Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - M S Blok
- Quantum Nanoelectronics Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - J M Kreikebaum
- Quantum Nanoelectronics Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - K O'Brien
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - L Chen
- Quantum Nanoelectronics Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - B K Mitchell
- Quantum Nanoelectronics Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - R K Naik
- Quantum Nanoelectronics Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - D I Santiago
- Quantum Nanoelectronics Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Computational Research Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - I Siddiqi
- Quantum Nanoelectronics Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Computational Research Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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Hall A, O'Brien K, McCrabb S, Kypri K, Brown S, Wilczynska M, Wiggers J, Wyse R, Dalton C, Wolfenden L. Learnings from efforts to synthesise evidence on the COVID-19 incubation period. Public Health 2021; 198:e12-e13. [PMID: 34130808 PMCID: PMC8112467 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2021.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Hall
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia; Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Area Health Service, Newcastle, Australia.
| | - K O'Brien
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia; Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Area Health Service, Newcastle, Australia
| | - S McCrabb
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia; Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Area Health Service, Newcastle, Australia
| | - K Kypri
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW Australia
| | - S Brown
- Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; School of Psychology, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW Australia
| | - M Wilczynska
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - J Wiggers
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia; Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Area Health Service, Newcastle, Australia
| | - R Wyse
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia; Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Area Health Service, Newcastle, Australia
| | - C Dalton
- Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Area Health Service, Newcastle, Australia
| | - L Wolfenden
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia; Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Area Health Service, Newcastle, Australia
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Jacobs J, Li Q, Cheng Z, O'Brien K, Thompson D, Uitto J, Sabbagh Y. 167 INZ-701 prevents ectopic mineralization in an Abcc6 mouse model of pseudoxanthoma elasticum. J Invest Dermatol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.02.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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O'Connor M, Céilleachair AÓ, O'Brien K, O'Leary J, Martin C, D'Arcy T, Flannelly G, McRae J, Prendiville W, Ruttle C, White C, Pilkington L, Sharp L. Health-related quality of life in women after colposcopy: results from a longitudinal patient survey. Qual Life Res 2021; 30:2509-2520. [PMID: 33792833 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-021-02831-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Information concerning the health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL) consequences of colposcopy is limited, particularly over time. In a longitudinal study, we investigated women's HRQoL at 4, 8 and 12 months post colposcopy and the factors associated with this. METHODS Women attending colposcopy at two large hospitals affiliated with the national screening programme in Ireland were invited to complete questionnaires at 4, 8 and 12 months post colposcopy. HRQoL was measured using the EQ-5D-3L and compared across a range of socio-demographic, clinical and attitudinal variables. A mixed-effects logistic multivariable model was employed to investigate associations between these variables and low HRQoL. RESULTS Of 584 women initially recruited, 429, 343 and 303 completed questionnaires at 4, 8 and 12 months, respectively. The mean overall HRQoL score for the sample across all time points was 0.90 (SD 0.16). Approximately 18% of women experienced low HRQoL at each of the three time points. In multivariable testing, over the entire 12-month follow-up period, non-Irish nationals (OR 8.99, 95% CI 2.35-34.43) and women with high-grade referral cytology (OR 2.78, 95% CI 1.08-7.13) were at higher odds of low HRQoL. Women who were past (OR 0.20, 95% CI 0.07-0.58) or never (OR 0.42, 95% CI 0.16-1.12) smokers were at lower odds of low HRQoL than current smokers. As women's satisfaction with their healthcare increased their odds of experiencing low HRQoL fell (OR per unit increase 0.51, 95% CI 0.34-0.75). CONCLUSIONS Women's HRQoL did not change over the 12 months post colposcopy, but some subgroups of women were at higher risk of experiencing low HRQoL. These subgroups may benefit from additional support.
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Affiliation(s)
- M O'Connor
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, 4th Floor, Western Gateway Building, Western Road, Cork, Ireland.
| | | | - K O'Brien
- National Cancer Registry Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - J O'Leary
- Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - C Martin
- Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - T D'Arcy
- Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - G Flannelly
- National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - J McRae
- National Cancer Registry Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - W Prendiville
- Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - C Ruttle
- Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - C White
- Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - L Pilkington
- Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - L Sharp
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, England
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21
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O'Brien K. Australian hospitalisations for Kawasaki disease, 1993-1994 to 2017-2018. J Paediatr Child Health 2020; 56:1126-1133. [PMID: 32162771 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.14847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To estimate and describe trends in hospitalisations for Kawasaki disease in Australia. METHODS Analysis of the National Hospital Morbidity Database for separations with a principal diagnosis of Kawasaki disease, 1993-1994 to 2017-2018. Limited to persons aged 0-19 years. RESULTS Over the period 1993-1994 to 2017-2018, there were 6368 hospitalisations for Kawasaki disease among people aged 0-19 years; 433 same-day (6.8%) and 5935 overnight (93.2%). Among overnight separations, 15.8% were for children under the age of 1 year and 58.7% for those aged 1-4 years; 60.3% were for males. The hospitalisations rate has increased from 5.2 per 100 000 population in 1993-1994 to 12.4 per 100 000 in 2017-2018. The ratio of male to female hospitalisations was 1.5:1. CONCLUSIONS Kawasaki disease is uncommon among Australia children, but its incidence is increasing. As there are no known preventable risk factors for the disease, prompt identification and treatment remain crucial to minimising the risk of cardiovascular sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen O'Brien
- Academic Unit of General Practice, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
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22
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O'Brien K, Agostino J, Ciszek K, Douglas KA. Physical activity and risk of behavioural and mental health disorders in kindergarten children: analysis of a series of cross-sectional complete enumeration (census) surveys. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e034847. [PMID: 32198302 PMCID: PMC7103808 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There is mixed evidence on the relationship between physical activity and behavioural and mental health. We aimed to estimate the association between physical activity and risk of behavioural and mental health disorders in early school-aged children. DESIGN A series of cross-sectional complete enumeration (census) surveys. SETTINGS All primary schools in the Australian Capital Territory, 2014-2016. PARTICIPANTS All children enrolled in their first year of full-time primary education (kindergarten) were invited to participate. Of the 16 662 eligible kindergarten children, 15 040 completed the survey for the first time. OUTCOME MEASURES Average daily physical activity participation and prevalence of risk of behavioural and mental health disorders derived from parent-reported data and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Characteristics associated with SDQ Total difficulties and subscales were estimated using logistic regression. RESULTS 8340 (61.7%) children met physical activity targets (60 min or more daily) and 709 (4.8%) were at clinically significant risk of behavioural and mental health disorders (Total difficulties).Known sociodemographic correlates were also those variables associated with high risk of behavioural and mental health disorders (Total difficulties): Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander status (OR 2.72, 95% CI 1.78-4.16), relative socioeconomic disadvantage (most disadvantaged vs least disadvantaged, OR 1.86, 95% CI 1.38-2.50) and male sex (OR 1.80, 95% CI 1.49-2.17). Average daily physical activity was not significant, despite the highest levels of physical activity (90 min or more daily) being reported in boys, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children and those from more disadvantaged areas. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides comprehensive cross-sectional data on the relationship between physical activity participation and the risk of behavioural and mental health disorders in a large cohort of early school-aged Australian children. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children, boys and those from the most disadvantaged socioeconomic group were at greatest risk of clinically significant behavioural and mental health disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen O'Brien
- Academic Unit of General Practice, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia kathleen.o'
| | - Jason Agostino
- Academic Unit of General Practice, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Karen Ciszek
- Academic Unit of General Practice, ACT Health, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Kirsty A Douglas
- Academic Unit of General Practice, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- Academic Unit of General Practice, ACT Health, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
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23
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Gunn C, O'Brien K, Fosså K, Tonkopi E, Lanca L, Martins CT, Muller H, Friedrich-Nel H, Abdolell M, Johansen S. A multi institutional comparison of imaging dose and technique protocols for neonatal chest radiography. Radiography (Lond) 2020; 26:e66-e72. [PMID: 32052771 DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2019.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The focus on paediatric radiation dose reduction supports reevaluation of paediatric imaging protocols. This is particularly important in the neonates where chest radiographs are frequently requested to assess respiratory illness and line placement. This study aims to assess the impact of neonatal chest radiographic protocols on patient dose in four hospitals in different countries. METHODS Exposure parameters, collimation, focus to skin distance (FSD) and radiation dose from 200 neonatal chest radiographs were registered prospectively. Inclusion criteria consisted of both premature and full-term neonates weighing between 1000 and 5000 g. Only data from the examinations meeting diagnostic criteria and approved for the clinical use were included. Radiation dose was assessed using dose area product (DAP). RESULTS The lowest DAP value (4.58 mGy cm2) was recorded in the Norwegian hospital, employing a high kVp, low mAs protocol using a DR system. The Canadian hospital recorded the highest DAP (9.48), using lower kVp and higher mAs with a CR system, including the addition of a lateral projection. The difference in the mean DAP, weight, field of view (FOV) and kVp between the hospitals is statistically significant (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Use of non-standardised imaging protocols in neonatal chest radiography results in differences in patient dose across hospitals included in the study. Using higher kVp, lower mAs and reducing the number of lateral projections to clinically relevant indications result in a lower DAP measured in the infant sample studied. Further studies to examine image quality based on exposure factors and added filtration are recommended. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Reevaluation of paediatric imaging protocols presents an opportunity to reduce patient dose in a population with increased sensitivity to ionising radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Gunn
- School of Health Sciences, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - K O'Brien
- Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada; IWK Health Centre, Diagnostic Imaging, Halifax, Canada
| | - K Fosså
- Division of Diagnostics and Intervention, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Norway
| | - E Tonkopi
- Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - L Lanca
- ESTeSL - Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saude de Lisboa, Instituto Poliecnico de Lisboa, Portugal; Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Singapore Institute of Technology, Health and Social Sciences Cluster, Singapore
| | - C T Martins
- ESTeSL - Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saude de Lisboa, Instituto Poliecnico de Lisboa, Portugal; Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, EPE, Hospital de Santa Maria (HSM) Radiology Department, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - H Muller
- Central University of Technology, Free State (CUT), Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, South Africa; Department of Clinical Imaging Sciences, Universitas Academic Hospital, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - H Friedrich-Nel
- Department of Clinical Imaging Sciences, Universitas Academic Hospital, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - M Abdolell
- Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - S Johansen
- Oslo Metropolitan University (OsloMet), Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo, Norway; Department of Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Norway.
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Zhu A, Huo R, Malik A, Foroutan F, Rigobon A, Chang D, Liu H, Vargas JD, O'Brien K, Stein M, Ng N, Borgo A, Siemieniuk R, Sekercioglu N, Evaniew N, Ross H, Alba A. PREDICTING MORTALITY AND HOSPITALIZATION IN CHRONIC HEART FAILURE PATIENTS WITH ISCHEMIC CARDIOMYOPATHY. Can J Cardiol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2019.07.509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Buchan T, Ching C, Malik A, Lu Y, Lau K, Foroutan F, Liu H, O'Brien K, Stein M, Rigobon A, Chang D, Vargas JD, Ng N, Borgo A, Siemieniuk R, Sekercioglu N, Evaniew N, Ross H, Alba A. NATRIURETIC PEPTIDES AS PREDICTORS OF MORTALITY IN ADULT AMBULATORY HEART FAILURE PATIENTS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS. Can J Cardiol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2019.07.431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Lau K, Malik A, Foroutan F, Ching C, Lu Y, Buchan T, Liu H, Kim H, Qiao A, Tan C, Leda M, Wang J, O'Brien K, Stein M, Elmslie C, Rigobon A, Chang D, Vargas JD, Ng N, Borgo A, Siemieniuk R, Sekercioglu N, Evaniew N, Ross H, Alba A. RESTING HEART RATE AS A PREDICTOR OF MORTALITY IN PATIENTS WITH HEART FAILURE. Can J Cardiol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2019.07.467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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O'Brien K, SARAVANABAVAN S, Zhang J, Wong A, Luciuk M, Burgess J, Rangan G. SAT-126 PROGRESSION OF RENAL MICROVASCULAR ABNORMALITIES AND THE EFFECT OF SIROLIMUS ON ANGIOGENESIS IN EXPERIMENTAL POLYCYSTIC KIDNEY DISEASE. Kidney Int Rep 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2019.05.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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O'Brien K, Owen E, Margetts R, Kavaliunaite E, Creedon M. P340 The impact at 5-year follow up of gastrostomy tube placement on spirometry and BMI z-score in children with cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(19)30632-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Stewart L, Smoak P, Hydock D, Hayward R, O'Brien K, Lisano J, Boeneke C, Christensen M, Mathias A. Milk and kefir maintain aspects of health during doxorubicin treatment in rats. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:1910-1917. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Abstract
Patients with factitious disorder typically present with signs or symptoms suggesting a medical problem, but which transpire to be self-induced or fabricated. Repeated investigations and treatments are often carried out to no avail before this possibility is considered. In this case, a 51-year-old female presented to the oral and maxillofacial surgery unit with toothache and a facial rash. Following admission to hospital a range of investigations were performed, and a tooth was extracted. Judicious attention by nursing staff led to the discovery that the patient had been applying make-up to mimic a skin rash. This concern was raised with the patient and she admitted falsifying the rash. Although this patient may have been experiencing pain, by applying make-up in this manner she sought to exaggerate the severity of her condition and as a result underwent potentially unnecessary procedures. This case provides a reminder that the possibility of factitious disorder should be considered in cases where patients present with symptoms or signs which appear fabricated or self-inflicted, defy anatomical or physiological principles, or do not correlate with the history. Thorough history taking is essential, and access to electronic care records may be informative. Psychiatric follow-up is recommended, but not all patients are willing to engage with this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rice
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Ulster Hospital, Dundonald, Northern Ireland
| | - K O'Brien
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Ulster Hospital, Dundonald, Northern Ireland
| | - M Chew
- Department of Old-age Psychiatry, Knockbracken Healthcare Park, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - E Qudairat
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Ulster Hospital, Dundonald, Northern Ireland
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Hamilton-Craig C, Staeb D, O'Brien K, Galloway G, Barth M. 11637-Tesla Cardiac MRI for Ventricular and Valvular quantitation in healthy volunteers. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy565.1163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - D Staeb
- University of Queensland, Centre for Advanced Imaging, Brisbane, Australia
| | - K O'Brien
- Siemens Healthineers, Brisbane, Australia
| | - G Galloway
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - M Barth
- University of Queensland, Centre for Advanced Imaging, Brisbane, Australia
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Arcaya MC, Schnake-Mahl A, Binet A, Simpson S, Church MS, Gavin V, Coleman B, Levine S, Nielsen A, Carroll L, Ursprung S, Wood B, Reeves H, Keppard B, Sportiche N, Partirdge J, Figueora J, Frakt A, Alfonzo M, Abreu D, Abreu T, Ambroise T, Andrade E, Barrientos E, Baty A, Baty C, Benner K, Bennett C, Blanchette A, Bongiovanni R, Cardile O, Corchado C, Dixon C, Dodson C, Dominguez J, Durena M, Fiestas Y, Genty J, Graffam N, Gonzalez A, Grigsby E, Hayden P, Alvado SH, Hernandez Z, Hodes I, Johnson J, Keefe K, Latimer K, Levine S, Logg C, Martinez N, Mboup K, McPhorson D, Meacham S, Mohammed D, Moss E, Nielsen A, O'Brien K, Owens L, Partridge J, Johnson LP, Power MB, Rebelo T, Remy R, Roderigues G, Sabtow Q, Sanchez C, Seeder A, Sepulveda R, Sportiche N, Ursprung S, West E, Winters L, Wood B, Youmans T. Community change and resident needs: Designing a Participatory Action Research study in Metropolitan Boston. Health Place 2018; 52:221-230. [PMID: 30015179 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2018.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The health implications of urban development, particularly in rapidly changing, low-income urban neighborhoods, are poorly understood. We describe the Healthy Neighborhoods Study (HNS), a Participatory Action Research study examining the relationship between neighborhood change and population health in nine Massachusetts neighborhoods. Baseline data from the HNS survey show that social factors, specifically income insecurity, food insecurity, social support, experiencing discrimination, expecting to move, connectedness to the neighborhood, and local housing construction that participants believed would improve their lives, identified by a network of 45 Resident Researchers exhibited robust associations with self-rated and mental health. Resident-derived insights into relationships between neighborhoods and health may provide a powerful mechanism for residents to drive change in their communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana C Arcaya
- Department of Urban Studies and Planning, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Alina Schnake-Mahl
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Andrew Binet
- Department of Urban Studies and Planning, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Shannon Simpson
- Dudley Street Neighborhood Initiative, 550 Dudley St, Roxbury, MA 02119, USA.
| | | | - Vedette Gavin
- Conservation Law Foundation, 62 Summer St, Boston, MA 02110, USA.
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Harris M, Brathwaite R, McGowan CR, Ciccarone D, Gilchrist G, McCusker M, O'Brien K, Dunn J, Scott J, Hope V. 'Care and Prevent': rationale for investigating skin and soft tissue infections and AA amyloidosis among people who inject drugs in London. Harm Reduct J 2018; 15:23. [PMID: 29739408 PMCID: PMC5941602 DOI: 10.1186/s12954-018-0233-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among people who inject drugs (PWID). International data indicate up to one third of PWID have experienced an SSTI within the past month. Complications include sepsis, endocarditis and amyloid A (AA) amyloidosis. AA amyloidosis is a serious sequela of chronic SSTI among PWID. Though there is a paucity of literature reporting on AA amyloidosis among PWID, what has been published suggests there is likely a causal relationship between AA amyloidosis and injecting-related SSTI. If left untreated, AA amyloidosis can lead to renal failure; premature mortality among diagnosed PWID is high. Early intervention may reverse disease. Despite the high societal and individual burden of SSTI among PWID, empirical evidence on the barriers and facilitators to injecting-related SSTI prevention and care or the feasibility and acceptability of AA amyloidosis screening and treatment referral are limited. This study aims to fill these gaps and assess the prevalence of AA amyloidosis among PWID. METHODS Care and Prevent is a UK National Institute for Health Research-funded mixed-methods study. In five phases (P1-P5), we aim to assess the evidence for AA amyloidosis among PWID (P1); assess the feasibility of AA amyloidosis screening, diagnostic and treatment referral among PWID in London (P2); investigate the barriers and facilitators to AA amyloidosis care (P3); explore SSTI protection and risk (P4); and co-create harm reduction resources with the affected community (P5). This paper describes the conceptual framework, methodological design and proposed analysis for the mixed-methods multi-phase study. RESULTS We are implementing the Care and Prevent protocol in London. The systematic review component of the study has been completed and published. Care and Prevent will generate an estimate of AA amyloidosis prevalence among community recruited PWID in London, with implications for the development of screening recommendations and intervention implementation. We aim to recruit 400 PWID from drug treatment services in London, UK. CONCLUSIONS Care and Prevent is the first study to assess screening feasibility and the prevalence of positive proteinuria, as a marker for AA amyloidosis, among PWID accessing drug treatment services. AA amyloidosis is a serious, yet under-recognised condition for which early intervention is available but not employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Harris
- Department of Public Health, Environments, and Society London, School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London, WC1H 9SH, UK.
| | - R Brathwaite
- Department of Public Health, Environments, and Society London, School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London, WC1H 9SH, UK
| | - Catherine R McGowan
- Department of Public Health, Environments, and Society London, School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London, WC1H 9SH, UK.,Humanitarian Public Health Technical Unit, Save the Children UK, London, UK
| | - D Ciccarone
- Family and Community Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Franciso, CA, 94143, USA
| | - G Gilchrist
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, National Addiction Centre, King's College London, 4 Windsor Walk, London, SE5 8BB, UK
| | - M McCusker
- Lambeth Service Users Forum, Lorraine Hewitt House, Brighton Terrace, London, SW9 8DG, UK
| | - K O'Brien
- Camden Drug Services, The Margarete Centre, 108 Hampstead Road, London, NW1 2LS, UK
| | - J Dunn
- Camden Drug Services, The Margarete Centre, 108 Hampstead Road, London, NW1 2LS, UK
| | - J Scott
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - V Hope
- Public Health Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, 79 Tithebarn Street, Liverpool, L2 2ER, UK
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Witz C, Doody K, Park J, Seifu Y, O'Brien K, Yankov V, Heiser P. Highly purified human menotropin (HP-HMG) versus recombinant follicle stimulating hormone (RFSH) in high responders undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF): MEGASET-HR trial outcomes. Fertil Steril 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2017.07.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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O'Connor M, O'Brien K, Waller J, Gallagher P, D'Arcy T, Flannelly G, Martin CM, McRae J, Prendiville W, Ruttle C, White C, Pilkington L, O'Leary JJ, Sharp L. Physical after-effects of colposcopy and related procedures, and their inter-relationship with psychological distress: a longitudinal survey. BJOG 2017; 124:1402-1410. [PMID: 28374937 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.14671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate prevalence of post-colposcopy physical after-effects and investigate associations between these and subsequent psychological distress. DESIGN Longitudinal survey. SETTING Two hospital-based colposcopy clinics. POPULATION Women with abnormal cytology who underwent colposcopy (±related procedures). METHODS Questionnaires were mailed to women 4, 8 and 12 months post-colposcopy. Details of physical after-effects (pain, bleeding and discharge) experienced post-colposcopy were collected at 4 months. Colposcopy-specific distress was measured using the Process Outcome-Specific Measure at all time-points. Linear mixed-effects regression was used to identify associations between physical after-effects and distress over 12 months, adjusting for socio-demographic and clinical variables. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Prevalence of post-colposcopy physical after-effects. Associations between the presence of any physical after-effects, awareness of after-effects, and number of after-effects and distress. RESULTS Five-hundred and eighty-four women were recruited (response rate = 73, 59 and 52% at 4, 8 and 12 months, respectively). Eighty-two percent of women reported one or more physical after-effect(s). Multiple physical after-effects were common (two after-effects = 25%; three after-effects = 25%). Psychological distress scores declined significantly over time. In adjusted analyses, women who experienced all three physical after-effects had on average a 4.58 (95% CI: 1.10-8.05) higher distress scored than those who experienced no after-effects. Women who were unaware of the possibility of experiencing after-effects scored significantly higher for distress during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of physical after-effects of colposcopy and related procedures is high. The novel findings of inter-relationships between awareness of the possibility of after-effects and experiencing multiple after-effects, and post-colposcopy distress may be relevant to the development of interventions to alleviate post-colposcopy distress. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT Experiencing multiple physical after-effects of colposcopy is associated with psychological distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- M O'Connor
- National Cancer Registry Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - K O'Brien
- National Cancer Registry Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - J Waller
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - P Gallagher
- School of Nursing and Human Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - T D'Arcy
- Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - G Flannelly
- National Maternity Hospital, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - C M Martin
- Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - J McRae
- National Cancer Registry Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - W Prendiville
- Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - C Ruttle
- Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - C White
- Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - L Pilkington
- Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - J J O'Leary
- Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - L Sharp
- Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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O'Brien K, Boeneke C, Prinyawiwatkul W, Lisano J, Shackelford D, Reeves K, Christensen M, Hayward R, Ordonez KC, Stewart L. Short communication: Sensory analysis of a kefir product designed for active cancer survivors. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:4349-4353. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-12320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Affiliation(s)
- K. O'Brien
- Health and Safety Laboratory, New York Operations Office U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, New York, New York
| | - S. Samson
- Health and Safety Laboratory, New York Operations Office U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, New York, New York
| | - R. Sanna
- Health and Safety Laboratory, New York Operations Office U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, New York, New York
| | - J. E. McLaughlin
- Health and Safety Laboratory, New York Operations Office U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, New York, New York
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Nelson C, O'Brien K, Mendizabal A, Gersten I, Uhl L, Chung D, Shah N, Avigan D, Pasquini M. Development and management of a multi-center, center-specific cellular therapy manufacturing approach: The experience of the Blood and Marrow Transplant Clinical Trials Network (BMT CTN) Protocol #1401. Cytotherapy 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2017.02.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Tsichlaki A, O'Brien K, Johal A, Fleming PS. A scoping review of outcomes related to orthodontic treatment measured in cleft lip and palate. Orthod Craniofac Res 2017; 20:55-64. [DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Tsichlaki
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry; Queen Mary University of London; London UK
| | - K. O'Brien
- School of Dentistry; University of Manchester; Manchester UK
| | - A. Johal
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry; Queen Mary University of London; London UK
| | - P. S. Fleming
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry; Queen Mary University of London; London UK
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Zou M, Bhatia A, Dong H, Jayaprakash P, Guo J, Sahu D, Hou Y, Tsen F, Tong C, O'Brien K, Situ AJ, Schmidt T, Chen M, Ying Q, Ulmer TS, Woodley DT, Li W. Evolutionarily conserved dual lysine motif determines the non-chaperone function of secreted Hsp90alpha in tumour progression. Oncogene 2017; 36:2160-2171. [PMID: 27721406 PMCID: PMC5386837 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Both intracellular and extracellular heat shock protein-90 (Hsp90) family proteins (α and β) have been shown to support tumour progression. The tumour-supporting activity of the intracellular Hsp90 is attributed to their N-terminal ATPase-driven chaperone function. What molecular entity determines the extracellular function of secreted Hsp90 and the distinction between Hsp90α and Hsp90β was unclear. Here we demonstrate that CRISPR/Case9 knocking out Hsp90α nullifies tumour cells' ability to migrate, invade and metastasize without affecting the cell survival and growth. Knocking out Hsp90β leads to tumour cell death. Extracellular supplementation with recombinant Hsp90α, but not Hsp90β, protein recovers tumourigenicity of the Hsp90α-knockout cells. Sequential mutagenesis identifies two evolutionarily conserved lysine residues, lys-270 and lys-277, in the Hsp90α subfamily that determine the extracellular Hsp90α function. Hsp90β subfamily lacks the dual lysine motif and the extracellular function. Substitutions of gly-262 and thr-269 in Hsp90β with lysines convert Hsp90β to a Hsp90α-like protein. Newly constructed monoclonal antibody, 1G6-D7, against the dual lysine region of secreted Hsp90α inhibits both de novo tumour formation and expansion of already formed tumours in mice. This study suggests an alternative therapeutic approach to target Hsp90 in cancer, that is, the tumour-secreted Hsp90α, instead of the intracellular Hsp90α and Hsp90β.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zou
- Department of Dermatology and the Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - A Bhatia
- Department of Dermatology and the Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - H Dong
- Department of Dermatology and the Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - P Jayaprakash
- Department of Dermatology and the Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - J Guo
- Department of Dermatology and the Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - D Sahu
- Department of Dermatology and the Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Y Hou
- Department of Dermatology and the Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - F Tsen
- Department of Dermatology and the Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - C Tong
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research and Department of Cell and Neurobiology, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - K O'Brien
- Department of Dermatology and the Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - A J Situ
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute University of Southern California Keck Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - T Schmidt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute University of Southern California Keck Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - M Chen
- Department of Dermatology and the Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Medical Research, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Heath Care System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Q Ying
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research and Department of Cell and Neurobiology, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - T S Ulmer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute University of Southern California Keck Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - D T Woodley
- Department of Dermatology and the Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Medical Research, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Heath Care System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - W Li
- Department of Dermatology and the Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Medical Research, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Heath Care System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Schofield T, Foroutan F, Ryoo S, O'Brien K, Alba A, Hussain S, Rao V, Ross H, Billia F. Association of Body Mass Index and Age on Risk of Driveline Infection Post Ventricular Assist Device Implantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2017.01.692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Balfe M, Keohane K, O'Brien K, Sharp L. Social networks, social support and social negativity: A qualitative study of head and neck cancer caregivers' experiences. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2016; 26. [PMID: 28004448 DOI: 10.1111/ecc.12619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck cancer is a serious form of cancer that can generate substantial physical and psychosocial morbidity. Informal caregivers can help patients to manage head and neck cancer and its emotional impacts, both during and after treatment. Caregivers, however, can experience considerable stress as a result of their caring activities. Supportive relationships can protect caregivers from psychosocial strain. Thirty-one head and neck cancer caregivers were interviewed about their experiences of accessing social support from their social networks; difficulties that they experienced accessing this support; and strategies that they used to address these difficulties. Results suggest that head and neck cancer caregivers strongly value social support, but can find it difficult to obtain, and a number of them experience socially negative responses from their networks. Some carers attempt to answer or supplement support deficiencies by turning to non-human coping supports, such as pets, spiritual figures or medication. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Balfe
- Department of Sociology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - K Keohane
- Department of Sociology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - K O'Brien
- National Cancer Registry of Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - L Sharp
- Newcastle University, New Castle upon Tyne, UK
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43
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Payne K, Davison N, Thompson AJ, O'Brien K, Bruce IA. Use of a structured elicitation exercise to estimate the prevalence of OME in children with cleft palate. Clin Otolaryngol 2016; 42:904-907. [PMID: 27743503 DOI: 10.1111/coa.12771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K Payne
- Manchester Centre for Health Economics, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - N Davison
- Manchester Centre for Health Economics, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - A J Thompson
- Manchester Centre for Health Economics, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - K O'Brien
- School of Dentistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - I A Bruce
- Royal Manchester Children's Hospital and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Foroutan F, Guyatt GH, O'Brien K, Bain E, Stein M, Bhagra S, Sit D, Kamran R, Chang Y, Devji T, Mir H, Manja V, Schofield T, Siemieniuk RA, Agoritsas T, Bagur R, Otto CM, Vandvik PO. Prognosis after surgical replacement with a bioprosthetic aortic valve in patients with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis: systematic review of observational studies. BMJ 2016; 354:i5065. [PMID: 27683072 PMCID: PMC5040922 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.i5065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the frequency of survival, stroke, atrial fibrillation, structural valve deterioration, and length of hospital stay after surgical replacement of an aortic valve (SAVR) with a bioprosthetic valve in patients with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. DATA SOURCES Medline, Embase, PubMed (non-Medline records only), Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Cochrane CENTRAL from 2002 to June 2016. STUDY SELECTION Eligible observational studies followed patients after SAVR with a bioprosthetic valve for at least two years. METHODS Reviewers, independently and in duplicate, evaluated study eligibility, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias for patient important outcomes. We used the GRADE system to quantify absolute effects and quality of evidence. Published survival curves provided data for survival and freedom from structural valve deterioration, and random effect models provided the framework for estimates of pooled incidence rates of stroke, atrial fibrillation, and length of hospital stay. RESULTS In patients undergoing SAVR with a bioprosthetic valve, median survival was 16 years in those aged 65 or less, 12 years in those aged 65 to 75, seven years in those aged 75 to 85, and six years in those aged more than 85. The incidence rate of stroke was 0.25 per 100 patient years (95% confidence interval 0.06 to 0.54) and atrial fibrillation 2.90 per 100 patient years (1.78 to 4.79). Post-SAVR, freedom from structural valve deterioration was 94.0% at 10 years, 81.7% at 15 years, and 52% at 20 years, and mean length of hospital stay was 12 days (95% confidence interval 9 to 15). CONCLUSION Patients with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis undergoing SAVR with a bioprosthetic valve can expect only slightly lower survival than those without aortic stenosis, and a low incidence of stroke and, up to 10 years, of structural valve deterioration. The rate of deterioration increases rapidly after 10 years, and particularly after 15 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farid Foroutan
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, 1280 Main St West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4L8 Heart Failure/Transplant Program, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gordon H Guyatt
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, 1280 Main St West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4L8
| | - Kathleen O'Brien
- Heart Failure/Transplant Program, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eva Bain
- Heart Failure/Transplant Program, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Madeleine Stein
- Heart Failure/Transplant Program, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sai Bhagra
- Heart Failure/Transplant Program, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daegan Sit
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, 1280 Main St West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4L8
| | - Rakhshan Kamran
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, 1280 Main St West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4L8
| | - Yaping Chang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, 1280 Main St West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4L8
| | - Tahira Devji
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, 1280 Main St West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4L8
| | - Hassan Mir
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, 1280 Main St West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4L8
| | - Veena Manja
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, 1280 Main St West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4L8 Department of Internal Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, USA VA WNY Health Care System at Buffalo, Department of Veterans Affairs, USA
| | - Toni Schofield
- Heart Failure/Transplant Program, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Reed A Siemieniuk
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, 1280 Main St West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4L8 Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas Agoritsas
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, 1280 Main St West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4L8 Division of General Internal Medicine, and Division of Clinical Epidemiology, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Rodrigo Bagur
- Division of Cardiology, London Health Sciences Centre and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5W9
| | - Catherine M Otto
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Per O Vandvik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Innlandet Hospital Trust-division Gjøvik, Norway Institute of Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
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Holmes L, Tworig J, Casini J, Morgan I, O'Brien K, Oceanic P, Dabney K. Implication of Socio-Demographics on Cognitive-Related Symptoms in Sports Concussion Among Children. Sports Med Open 2016; 2:38. [PMID: 27747794 PMCID: PMC5023651 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-016-0058-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background Sports-related concussion remains a public health challenge due to its morbidity and mortality. One of the consequences of concussion is cognitive impairment (CI) and cognitive-related symptoms (CRS) which determine, to some extent, physical and behavioral functioning of children who sustain concussion. Despite the high prevalence of CI and CRS associated with concussion, the risk factors are not fully understood. We aimed to characterize CRS and to examine its relationship with race, ethnicity, age, insurance, and sex in a pediatric population. Methods A retrospective cohort (case-only) design was used to assess CRS prevalence and its relationship with race and sex using a pediatric hospital’s electronic medical records. A consecutive sample was used with 1429 cases between 2007 and 2014. Study characteristics were examined using chi-square and log binomial regression for hypothesis-specific testing. Results Of the 1429 cases, 872 (61.0 %) were boys and 557 (39.0 %) were girls. The racial distribution indicated 1146 (80.2 %) Whites, 170 (11.9 %) Blacks/African Americans, and 113 (7.9 %) others. The prevalence of CRS was 78.0 %. Whereas boys had sustained more concussions, girls were more likely to present with CRS; prevalence risk ratio = 1.07, 95 % CI 1.01–1.13, p = 0.02. The crude analysis indicated no racial disparities in CRS prevalence, but the multivariable analysis did, comparing White to Black/African American children; adjusted prevalence risk ratio (aPRR) = 1.77, 99 % CI 1.02–3.08, p = 0.008. Conclusions Racial disparities exist in CRS among children with sports-related concussion, and Black/African American children are more likely, relative to Whites, to suffer CRS. Due to uncertainty in causal inference, we caution the interpretation and application of these data in risk-adapted concussion prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurens Holmes
- Nemours/Alfred I. DuPont Hospital for Children, Office of Health Equity and Inclusion, P.O. Box 269, Wilmington, DE, 19803, USA. .,University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA.
| | | | | | - Isabel Morgan
- Nemours/Alfred I. DuPont Hospital for Children, Office of Health Equity and Inclusion, P.O. Box 269, Wilmington, DE, 19803, USA.,Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Kathleen O'Brien
- Orthopedic Department, Nemours/A. I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, 19803, USA
| | - Patricia Oceanic
- Nemours/Alfred I. DuPont Hospital for Children, Office of Health Equity and Inclusion, P.O. Box 269, Wilmington, DE, 19803, USA
| | - Kirk Dabney
- Nemours/Alfred I. DuPont Hospital for Children, Office of Health Equity and Inclusion, P.O. Box 269, Wilmington, DE, 19803, USA.,Orthopedic Department, Nemours/A. I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, 19803, USA
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Puhl RM, Latner JD, O'Brien K, Luedicke J, Forhan M, Danielsdottir S. Cross-national perspectives about weight-based bullying in youth: nature, extent and remedies. Pediatr Obes 2016; 11:241-50. [PMID: 26149218 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND No cross-national studies have examined public perceptions about weight-based bullying in youth. OBJECTIVES To conduct a multinational examination of public views about (i) the prevalence/seriousness of weight-based bullying in youth; (ii) the role of parents, educators, health providers and government in addressing this problem and (iii) implementing policy actions to reduce weight-based bullying. METHODS A cross-sectional survey of adults in the United States, Canada, Iceland and Australia (N = 2866). RESULTS Across all countries, weight-based bullying was identified as the most prevalent reason for youth bullying, by a substantial margin over other forms of bullying (race/ethnicity, sexual orientation and religion). Participants viewed parents and teachers as playing major roles in efforts to reduce weight-based bullying. Most participants across countries (77-94%) viewed healthcare providers to be important intervention agents. Participants (65-87%) supported government augmentation of anti-bullying laws to include prohibiting weight-based bullying. Women expressed higher agreement for policy actions than men, with no associations found for participants' race/ethnicity or weight. Causal beliefs about obesity were associated with policy support across countries. CONCLUSIONS Across countries, strong recognition exists of weight-based bullying and the need to address it. These findings may inform policy-level actions and clinical practices concerning youth vulnerable to weight-based bullying.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Puhl
- Rudd Center for Food Policy and Obesity, University of Connecticut, Hartford, Connecticut, USA
| | - J D Latner
- Department of Psychology, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - K O'Brien
- School of Social Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - J Luedicke
- Rudd Center for Food Policy and Obesity, University of Connecticut, Hartford, Connecticut, USA
| | - M Forhan
- Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - S Danielsdottir
- Division of Health Determinants, Directorate of Health, Reykjavik, Iceland
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Tonkopi E, O'Brien K. MO-FG-CAMPUS-IeP1-03: Establishment of Provincial Diagnostic Reference Levels in Pediatric Imaging. Med Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4957335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Diaz FJ, Hatakeyama T, Rho J, Wang Y, O'Brien K, Zhang X, Martijn de Sterke C, Kuhlmey BT, Palomba S. Sensitive method for measuring third order nonlinearities in compact dielectric and hybrid plasmonic waveguides. Opt Express 2016; 24:545-554. [PMID: 26832285 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.000545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a sensitive method for the nonlinear optical characterization of micrometer long waveguides, and apply it to typical silicon-on-insulator nanowires and to hybrid plasmonic waveguides. We demonstrate that our method can detect extremely small nonlinear phase shifts, as low as 7.5·10<(-4) rad. The high sensitivity achieved imparts an advantage when investigating the nonlinear behavior of metallic structures as their short propagation distances complicates the task for conventional methods. Our results constitute the first experimental observation of χ((3)) nonlinearities in the hybrid plasmonic platform and is important to test claims of hybrid plasmonic structures as candidates for efficient nonlinear optical devices.
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Gran B, Crooks J, Cook K, Hussein K, O'Brien K, Braitch M, Kareem H, Constantinescu C, Robinson K. Helicobacter pylori infection reduces disease severity in an experimental model of multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2015.08.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Macklin C, O'Brien K, Hover D, Schwartz ME, Bolkhovsky V, Zhang X, Oliver WD, Siddiqi I. A near-quantum-limited Josephson traveling-wave parametric amplifier. Science 2015; 350:307-10. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aaa8525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 360] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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