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The Interplay between Metabolites and MicroRNAs in Aqueous Humor to Coordinate Corneal Endothelium Integrity. OPHTHALMOLOGY SCIENCE 2023; 3:100299. [PMID: 37125267 PMCID: PMC10141542 DOI: 10.1016/j.xops.2023.100299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of the study was to clarify the interplay between metabolites and microRNAs (miRs) in the aqueous humor (AqH) of bullous keratopathy (BK) patients to retain human corneal endothelium (HCE) integrity. Design Prospective, comparative, observational study. Participants A total of 55 patients with BK and 31 patients with cataract (Cat) as control. Methods A biostatic analysis of miRs and metabolites in the AqH, hierarchical clustering, and a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) analysis were employed. The miR levels in AqH of BK (n = 18) and Cat (n = 8) patients were determined using 3D-Gene human miR chips. Hierarchical clusters of metabolites detected by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry or gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in AqH specimens from 2 disease groups, BK (total n = 55) and Cat (total n = 31), were analyzed twice to confirm the reproducibility. The analytical procedure applied for investigating the association between metabolites and miRs in AqH was the exploratory data analysis of biostatistics to avoid any kind of prejudice. This research procedure includes a heat-map, cluster analysis, feature extraction techniques by principal component analysis, and a regression analysis method by Lasso. The cellular and released miR levels were validated using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and mitochondria membrane potential was assessed to determine the functional features of the released miRs. Main Outcome Measures Identification of interacting metabolites and miRs in AqH attenuating HCE degeneration. Results The metabolites that decreased in the AqH of BK patients revealed that 3-hydroxyisobutyric acid (HIB), 2-aminobutyric acid (AB) and branched-chain amino acids, and serine were categorized into the same cluster by hierarchical clustering of metabolites. The positive association of HIB with miR-34a-5p was confirmed (P = 0.018), and the Lasso analysis identified the interplay between miR-34a-5p and HIB, between miR-24-3p and AB, and between miR-34c-5p and serine (P = 0.041, 0.027, and 0.009, respectively). 3-hydroxyisobutyric acid upregulated the cellular miR-34a expression, mitochondrial membrane potential, and release of miR-184 in dedifferentiated cultured HCE cells. Conclusions Metabolites and miRs in AqH may synchronize in ensuring the integrity of the HCE to maintain efficient dehydration from the stroma. Financial Disclosures Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found after the references.
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Cellular Interplay Through Extracellular Vesicle miR-184 Alleviates Corneal Endothelium Degeneration. OPHTHALMOLOGY SCIENCE 2022; 2:100212. [PMID: 36531590 PMCID: PMC9755023 DOI: 10.1016/j.xops.2022.100212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to reveal the presence of cellular interplay through extracellular vesicle (EV) microRNAs (miRs), to dampen the vicious cycle to degenerate human corneal endothelium (HCE) tissues. DESIGN Prospective, comparative, observational study. METHODS The miR levels in neonate-derived corneal tissues, in the aqueous humor (AqH) of bullous keratoplasty and cataract patients, as well as in the culture supernatant (CS) and EV of cultured human corneal endothelial cells (hCECs), were determined using 3D-Gene human miR chips and then validated using the real-time polymerase chain reaction. The extracellularly released miRs were profiled after the forced downregulation of cellular miR-34a, either by an miR-34a inhibitor or exposure to H2O2. The senescence-associated secretory phenotypes and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were assessed to determine the functional features of the released miRs. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Identification of functional miRs attenuating HCE degeneration. RESULTS The miRs in AqH were classified into 2 groups: expression in 1 group was significantly reduced in neonate-derived tissues, whereas that in the other group remained almost constant, independent of aging. The miR-34a and -29 families were typical in the former group, whereas miR-184 and -24-3p were typical in the latter. Additionally, a larger amount of the latter miRs was detected in AqH compared with those of the former miRs. There was also a greater abundance of miR-184 and -24-3p in hCECs, EV, and CS in fully mature CD44-/dull hCEC, leading to sufficient clinical tissue regenerative capacity in cell injection therapy. The repression of cellular miR-34a, either due to miR-34a inhibitors or exposure to oxidative stress, unexpectedly resulted in the elevated release of miR-184 and -24-3p. Secretions of VEGF, interleukin 6, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, and MMP were all repressed in both mature CD44-/dull and degenerated CD44+++ hCEC, transfected with an miR-184 mimic. CONCLUSIONS The elevated release of miR-184 into AqH may constitute cellular interplay that prevents the aggravation of HCE degeneration induced by oxidative stress, thereby sustaining tissue homeostasis in HCE.
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Key Words
- AQP-1, aquaporin 1
- AqH, aqueous humor
- CS, culture supernatant
- Corneal endothelium degeneration
- ECD, endothelial cell density
- ER, endoplasmic reticulum
- EV, extracellular vesicle
- Extracellular vesicle
- HCE, human corneal endothelium
- IL-6, interleukin 6
- MCP-1, monocyte chemotactic protein-1
- MMP, mitochondrial membrane potential
- MiR-184
- Mitochondria metabolic homeostasis
- Oxidative stress
- SASP, senescence-associated secretory phenotype
- SLC4A11, solute carrier family 4 member 11
- SP, subpopulation
- hCEC, cultured human corneal endothelial cell
- miR, microRNA
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Interpreting stoichiometric homeostasis and flexibility of soil microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus. Ecol Modell 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2022.110018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Repressed miR-34a Expression Dictates the Cell Fate to Corneal Endothelium Failure. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2022; 63:22. [PMID: 35475886 PMCID: PMC9055560 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.63.4.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To reveal the mechanism triggering the functional disparity between degenerated and non-degenerated corneal endothelium cells in the water efflux from corneal stroma to the anterior chamber. Methods The varied levels of the microRNA (miR)-34, miR-378, and miR-146 family in human corneal endothelium and cultured cells thereof were investigated using 3D-Gene Human miRNA Oligo Chips. Concomitantly, CD44, p53, c-Myc, matrix metalloprotease (MMP)-2 expression, and Ras homolog gene family member A (Rho A) activity was correlated to the expression intensities of these microRNAs, partly complemented with their altered expression levels with the transfection of the corresponding mimics and inhibitors. The levels of miRs were further associated with intracellular pH (pHi) and mitochondrial energy homeostasis. Results P53-inducible miR-34a/b repressed CD44 expression, and CD44 was repressed with the elevated c-Myc. The repressed miR-34a activated the CD44 downstream factors Rho A and MMP-2. MiR-34a mimics downregulated pHi, inducing the skewing of mitochondrial respiration to oxidative phosphorylation. The oxidative stress (H2O2) induced on human corneal endothelial cells, which repressed miR-34a/b expression, may account for the impaired signaling cascade to mitochondrial metabolic homeostasis necessary for an efficient water efflux from the corneal stroma. Conclusions The upregulated expression of CD44, through repressed miR-34a/b by reactive oxygen species and elevated c-Myc by oxidative stress, may impair mitochondrial metabolic homeostasis, leading to human corneal endothelial failure.
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Use of virtual bronchoscopy to evaluate endobronchial TB. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2021; 25:145-147. [PMID: 33656427 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.20.0376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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P083 Efficacy of EGFR-TKIs in Patients Harboring EGFR Mutations with Non-Adenocartinoma Histology. J Thorac Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2018.10.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Real-world data of EGFR minor mutated NSCLC treated with EGFR-TKI: Comparative analysis including compound mutation and de novo T790M mutation. Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy425.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Comparative analysis of overall survival using propensity score between first- and second-generation EGFR-TKI: Real world data of 1354 patients with EGFR mutant NSCLC. Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy292.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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A clustering approach to identify and characterize the asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap phenotype. Clin Exp Allergy 2017; 47:1374-1382. [PMID: 28658564 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are heterogeneous diseases. The phenotypes that have clinical features of both asthma and COPD are still incompletely understood. OBJECTIVE To clarify the best discriminators of the asthma-COPD overlap phenotype from asthma and COPD subgroups using a clustering approach. METHODS This study assessed pathophysiological parameters, including mRNA expression levels of T helper cell-related transcription factors, namely TBX21 (Th1), GATA3 (Th2), RORC (Th17) and FOXP3 (Treg), in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in asthma patients (n=152) and in COPD patients (n=50). Clusters were determined using k-means clustering. Exacerbations of asthma and COPD were recorded during the 1-year follow-up period. RESULTS The cluster analysis revealed four biological clusters: cluster 1, predominantly patients with COPD; cluster 2, patients with an asthma-COPD overlap phenotype; cluster 3, patients with non-atopic and late-onset asthma; and cluster 4, patients with early-onset atopic asthma. Hazard ratios for exacerbation were 2.5 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1-5.6) in cluster 1 and 2.3 (95% CI, 1.0-5.0) in cluster 2 compared with patients in other clusters. Cluster 2 was discriminated from other clusters by total serum IgE level ≥310 IU/mL, blood eosinophil counts ≥280 cells/μL, a higher ratio of TBX21/GATA3, FEV1 /FVC ratio <0.67 and smoking ≥10 pack-years with an area under the curve of 0.94 (95% CI, 0.90-0.98) in the receiver operating characteristic analysis. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The asthma-COPD overlap phenotype was characterized by peripheral blood eosinophilia and higher levels of IgE despite the Th2-low endotype.
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Production of Homogeneous Cultured Human Corneal Endothelial Cells Indispensable for Innovative Cell Therapy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2017; 58:2011-2020. [PMID: 28384722 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.16-20703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Cultured human corneal endothelial cells (cHCECs) are anticipated to become an alternative to donor corneas for the treatment of corneal endothelial dysfunction. The aim of this study was to establish proper culture protocols to successfully obtain a reproducibly homogeneous subpopulation (SP) with matured cHCEC functions and devoid of cell-state transition suitable for cell-injection therapy. Methods The presence of SPs in cHCECs was investigated in terms of surface cluster-of-differentiation (CD) marker expression level by flow cytometry, as combined analysis of CD markers can definitively specify the SP (effector cells) conceivably the most suitable for cell therapy among diverse SPs. The culture conditions were evaluated by flow cytometry in terms of the proportion (E-ratio) of effector cells designated by CD markers. Results Flow cytometry analysis identifying CD44-CD166+CD133-CD105-CD24-CD26- effector cells proved convenient and reliable for standardizing the culture procedures. To ascertain the reproducible production of cHCECs with E-ratios of more than 90% and with no karyotype abnormality, the preferred donor age was younger than 29 years. The continuous presence of Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK)-inhibitor Y-27632 greatly increased the E-ratios, whereas the presence of transforming growth factor-beta/Smad-inhibitor SB431542 greatly reduced the number of recovered cHCECs. The seeding cell density during culture passages proved vital for maintaining a high E-ratio for extended passages. The continuous presence of ROCK-inhibitor Y-27632 throughout the cultures greatly improved the E-ratio. Conclusions Our findings elucidated the culture conditions needed to obtain reproducible cHCECs with high E-ratios, thus ensuring homogeneous cHCECs with matured functions for the treatment of corneal endothelial dysfunction.
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Immunoediting, neoantigen frequency, and clinical outcome in patients with ovarian clear cell carcinoma. Gynecol Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2017.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Cell Homogeneity Indispensable for Regenerative Medicine by Cultured Human Corneal Endothelial Cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2017; 57:4749-61. [PMID: 27607421 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.16-19770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify the subpopulation (SP) among heterogeneous cultured human corneal endothelial cells (cHCECs) devoid of cell-state transition applicable for cell-based therapy. METHODS Subpopulation presence in cHCECs was confirmed via surface CD-marker expression level by flow cytometry. CD markers effective for distinguishing distinct SPs were selected by analyzing those on established cHCECs with a small cell area and high cell density. Contrasting features among three typical cHCEC SPs was confirmed by PCR array for extracellular matrix (ECM). Combined analysis of CD markers was performed to identify the SP (effector cells) applicable for therapy. ZO-1 and Na+/K+ ATPase, CD200, and HLA expression were compared among heterogeneous SPs. RESULTS Flow cytometry analysis identified the effector cell expressing CD166+CD105-CD44-∼+/-CD26-CD24-, but CD200-, and the presence of other SPs with CD166+ CD105-CD44+++ (CD26 and CD24, either + or -) was confirmed. PCR array revealed three distinct ECM expression profiles. Some SPs expressed ZO-1 and Na+/K+ ATPase at comparable levels with effector cells, while only one SP expressed CD200, but not on effector cells. Human leukocyte antigen expression was most reduced in the effector SP. The proportion of effector cells (E-ratio) inversely paralleled donor age and decreased during prolonged culture passages. The presence of Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitor increased the E-ratio in cHCECs. The average area of effector cells was approximately 200∼220 μm2, and the density of cHCECs exceeded 2500 cells/mm2. CONCLUSIONS A specified cultured effector cell population sharing the surface phenotypes with mature HCECs in corneal tissues may serve as an alternative to donor corneas for the treatment of corneal endothelial dysfunction.
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Concomitant Evaluation of a Panel of Exosome Proteins and MiRs for Qualification of Cultured Human Corneal Endothelial Cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2017; 57:4393-402. [PMID: 27564521 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.16-19805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We elucidate a method to use secreted miRNA profiles to qualify cultured human corneal endothelial cells (cHCECs) adaptable for cell-injection therapy. METHODS The variations of cHCECs in their composites of heterogeneous subpopulations (SPs) were verified in relation to their surface cluster-of-differentiation (CD) markers. Integrated analysis of micro RNA (miRNA) profiles in culture supernatants (CS) were investigated by 3D-Gene Human microRNA Chips. To validate 3D-Gene results, quantitative real-time PCR was done from numerous cultures with distinct morphology and SP composition. Exosomes and miRNAs in CS also were analyzed. RESULTS Secreted miRNA profiles among morphologically-diverse cHCEC SPs proved useful for individual distinction. Candidate miRNAs to discriminate CD44- SPs from those with CD44++ ∼ CD44+++ phenotypes were miRs 221-3p, 1246, 1915-3p, and 4732-5p. The levels of the latter-three miRs decreased dramatically in cHCEC CS without cell-state transition (CST) compared to those of control medium, whereas those from cHCECs with senescence-like CST showed an increase. MicroR184 decreased inversely in parallel with the upregulation of CD44 on cHCECs. CD9+ exosomes were more elevated in cHCEC CS with senescence-like CST than those without CST, indicating the possible import of these extracellular vesicles (EVs) into cHCECs without CST. CONCLUSIONS Cultured HCECs sharing a CD44- phenotype of matured HCECs may be discriminated by measuring the amount of miRNAs or exosome in CS. Thus, miRNA in CS may serve as a tool to qualify cHCECs. Future detailed analysis of cell-to-cell communication via these EVs might open novel pathways for a better understanding of CST in HCEC cultures.
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Metabolic Plasticity in Cell State Homeostasis and Differentiation of Cultured Human Corneal Endothelial Cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2017; 57:4452-4463. [PMID: 27750287 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.16-19807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To clarify whether cultured human corneal endothelial cells (cHCECs), heterogeneous in their differentiation state, exhibit distinctive energy metabolism with the aim to develop a reliable method to sort cHCECs applicable for regenerative medicine. Methods The presence of cHCEC subpopulations (SPs) was verified via surface cluster-of-differentiation (CD) marker expression. Cultured HCEC metabolic extracts or corresponding culture supernatants with distinctive cellular phenotypes in regard to energy-metabolism-related functional markers c-Myc and CD44 were prepared and analyzed via capillary electrophoresis-tandem mass spectrometry. The metabolic requirements of heterogeneous SPs of cHCECs were also investigated. Results After successfully discriminating SPs, as verified via surface CD markers in terms of their secretory metabolites, we found that the CD44+++ SP with cell-state transition (CST) exhibited disposition for anaerobic glycolysis, whereas the CD44-SP without CST was disposed to mitochondria-dependent oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). These results raised the possibility of establishing effective culture conditions to selectively expand mature cHCECs with a hexagonal cobblestone shape and inclination for mitochondria-dependent OXPHOS. Conclusions The findings of this study open a pathway for monitoring the disposition of cHCECs via their energy metabolism, thus leading to safe and stable regenerative medicine by use of metabolically defined cHCECs in cell-suspension form.
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Gene Signature-Based Development of ELISA Assays for Reproducible Qualification of Cultured Human Corneal Endothelial Cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2017; 57:4295-305. [PMID: 27552407 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.16-19806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a method to qualify the function of cultured human corneal endothelial cells (cHCECs) applicable for clinical settings. METHODS The diversified gene and microRNA (miRNA) signatures in HCECs from a variety of tissue donors were confirmed by three-dimensional (3D) gene human miRNA profiling. These were compared with those of more than 20 cHCECs distinct in their cell morphology or culture lots. Candidate genes were selected after quantitative (q)RT-PCR validation, and gene products were assayed by ELISA. After three additional screening steps, final candidate cytokines for qualification were selected. RESULTS Gene and miRNA signatures among distinct cHCEC lots were greatly diversified compared with those among fresh tissues from different age donors. By comparing more than 20 lots of cultures, 32 candidate genes were assigned to be seemingly linked to distinct cHCEC morphologic features. The validation of candidate genes by qRT-PCR revealed the genes, either upregulated or downregulated, corresponding to morphologic variances in cHCECs (e.g., epithelial-mesenchymal transition or cell senescence). Further adding the ELISA results by Bio-Plex Human Cytokine 27-Plex Panel, 11 candidate cytokines suitable to qualify cHCEC function were selected. In consideration of the presence of these cytokines in the anterior chamber, IL-8, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP-1), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), and platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) were ultimately selected and applied in practice for the qualification of cHCECs actually used in our clinical cell-injection studies. CONCLUSIONS The specified cytokines properly discriminating the functional features of cHCECs indicates a correlation between profiling signatures and cell morphology.
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MicroRNA Profiles Qualify Phenotypic Features of Cultured Human Corneal Endothelial Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 57:5509-5517. [DOI: 10.1167/iovs.16-19804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Abstract
Four patients with anomalous lobes of the liver were observed at MR imaging. In one patient the anterior segment of the right hepatic lobe was absent and in 3 patients the left hepatic lobe was anomalous. The hepatic vasculature supporting the information of the anomalous hepatic lobes was well observed in all patients.
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184P: The efficacy and safety of amrubicin in non-small-cell lung cancer patients beyond third-line therapy. J Thorac Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s1556-0864(16)30294-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Understanding the Relationship between Social Cognition and Word Difficulty. A Language Based Analysis of Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Methods Inf Med 2015; 54:522-9. [PMID: 26391807 DOI: 10.3414/me15-01-0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few quantitative studies have been conducted on the relationship between society and its languages. Individuals with autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) are known to experience social hardships, and a wide range of clinical information about their quality of life has been provided through numerous narrative analyses. However, the narratives of ASD patients have thus far been examined mainly through qualitative approaches. OBJECTIVES In this study, we analyzed adults with ASD to quantitatively examine the relationship between language abilities and ASD severity scores. METHODS We generated phonetic transcriptions of speeches by 16 ASD adults at an ASD workshop, and divided the participants into 2 groups according to their Social Responsiveness Scale(TM), 2nd Edition (SRS(TM)-2) scores (where higher scores represent more severe ASD): Group A comprised high-scoring ASD adults (SRS(TM)-2 score: ≥ 76) and Group B comprised low- and intermediate-scoring ASD adults (SRS(TM)-2 score: < 76). Using natural language processing (NLP)-based analytical methods, the narratives were converted into numerical data according to four language ability indicators, and the relationships between the language ability scores and ASD severity scores were compared. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Group A showed a marginally negative correlation with the level of Japanese word difficulty (p < .10), while the "social cognition" subscale of the SRS(TM)-2 score showed a significantly negative correlation (p < .05) with word difficulty. When comparing only male participants, Group A demonstrated a significantly lower correlation with word difficulty level than Group B (p < .10). CONCLUSION Social communication was found to be strongly associated with the level of word difficulty in speech. The clinical applications of these findings may be available in the near future, and there is a need for further detailed study on language metrics designed for ASD adults.
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Respiratory mechanics and peripheral airway inflammation and dysfunction in asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 2013; 43:521-6. [PMID: 23600542 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Revised: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical application of the forced oscillation technique (FOT) has progressed with the spread of commercially available FOT devices. The correlation between respiratory impedance and spirometry has been reported; however, the association with airway inflammation and pulmonary function, in the lung periphery in particular, is unclear. OBJECTIVE To assess whether respiratory impedance is associated with peripheral airway inflammation and dysfunction in asthma. METHODS Subjects included 78 patients with overall controlled asthma. We measured whole-breath or within-breath respiratory system resistance (Rrs) and reactance (Xrs) using a commercially available multi-frequency FOT device (MostGraph-01), and assessed the correlation with the fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), alveolar nitric oxide concentration (CANO), maximal NO flux in the conductive airways (J'awNO), and the N2 phase III slope of single breath N2 washout (delta N2 ). RESULTS The differences between inspiratory and expiratory phases of Xrs at 5 Hz (X5), resonant frequency (Fres), and a low-frequency reactance area (ALX) were significantly correlated with CANO; however, there was no correlation between respiratory impedance and FeNO or J'awNO. The delta N2 values were significantly correlated with whole-breath, inspiratory, and expiratory Rrs and Xrs, except for R20. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE We conclude that respiratory impedance reflects peripheral airway inflammation and ventilation inhomogeneity.
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615 Efficacy of Imatinib Mesylate on Scleroderma Associated Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. J Heart Lung Transplant 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2012.01.629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Relationship between methylation status of PTEN and point mutation of the EGFR L2 domain and efficacy of cetuximab in metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.4_suppl.458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
458 Background: The KRAS mutation has been associated with resistance to cetuximab, an anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) monoclonal antibody, in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). However, the predictive biomarkers of cetuximab resistance in KRAS wild-type mCRC remain unknown. We explored the possible roles of PTEN methylation and mutation of the EGFR L2 domain, which is the site of binding to cetuximab, in cetuximab resistance in KRAS wild-type mCRC. Methods: The subjects were 247 mCRC patients screened for KRAS status at the National Cancer Center Hospital between September 2008 and April 2010. Genomic DNA was extracted from formalin- fixed paraffin-embedded colorectal cancer tissue samples. Mutation analysis of KRAS and the EGFR L2 domain was performed by direct sequencing. Methylation analysis of PTEN was performed by quantitative real-time methylation-specific PCR with a set of primers specific to the methylated and unmethylated sequences, using sodium bisulfate-modified DNA. Results: Of the 247 mCRC patients, 136 patients had wild-type KRAS (55%). In 9 of these patients, the quality of the DNA was sufficient for analysis of PTEN methylation levels. Eight of the 9 patients received a cetuximab-based regimen (with irinotecan: 4, monotherapy: 4). The best response was PR in 4 patients (25%), SD in 2 (12.5%), and PD in 2 (12.5%). The best response of the one patient with methylated PTEN treated with cetuximab and irinotecan was SD. Mutation analysis of the EGFR L2 domain was performed in 65 of the 136 patients with wild-type KRAS. All of them received a cetuximab-based regimen (with irinotecan: 50, monotherapy: 15). The best response was PR in 13 patients (20%), SD in 26 (40%), PD in 20 (31%). The one patient who had a mutation at exon 9 showed a partial response to cetuximab and irinotecan. Conclusions: Methylation of PTEN and mutation of the EGFR L2 domain were analyzed in Japanese mCRC patients. Our findings do not provide sufficient evidence that EGFR L2 domain mutation and methylation of PTEN are correlated with resistance to cetuximab. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Assessment of inferior alveolar nerve damage in neurosensory disturbance. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2007.09.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Lymphangitis carcinomatosis as a potential predictor for a response to gefitinib. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2006; 18:573-4. [PMID: 16969991 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2006.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Hemodynamic and autonomic nervous responses to the restriction of femoral blood flow by KAATSU. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.3806/ijktr.1.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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A follow up study of odontogenic keratocyst—Observation of clinical features—. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s0901-5027(05)81448-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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[The use of right ventricular support with a centrifugal pump in a case with right ventricular failure due to intraoperative right ventricular infarction]. KYOBU GEKA. THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF THORACIC SURGERY 2003; 56:459-63. [PMID: 12795150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
The patient was 67-year-old woman with mitral valve restenosis and regurgitation, tricuspid insufficiency, and left atrial dilatation who underwent mitral valve replacement, tricuspid valvuloplasty, and left atrial plication. The patient developed right ventricular (RV) failure due to RV infarction when she was weaned from cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Therefore, CPB was resumed to be followed by intra-aorta balloon pumping (IABP). However, complete response was not obtained. Thus, right ventricular support was performed using a centrifugal pump, and the patient could be weaned from CPB. Three days after surgery, the right ventricular support was discontinued, and IABP was removed 7 days after surgery without marked changes in hemodynamics. Although RV failure due to RV infarction is a serious intraoperative complication, favorable results were obtained by combination therapy with IABP and right ventricular support using a centrifugal pump in our patient.
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A male patient who developed late-onset primary biliary cirrhosis presenting with antinuclear envelope antibodies. Mod Rheumatol 2002; 12:246-9. [PMID: 24387066 DOI: 10.3109/s101650200043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract An 81-year-old man who had previously shown high levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), γ-glutamyltransferase (GTP), and total bilirubin presented with acute liver damage. He was positive for serum anti-gp210 and anti-p62 antibodies, but negative for serum antimitochondrial antibody. A liver biopsy revealed massive interstitial fibrosis and pseudolobulus, which were compatible with a diagnosis of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) at Scheuer's stage 4. He was given ursodeoxycolic acid at 600 mg/day. However, his condition deteriorated, and he eventually died of hepatic insufficiency in a state of malnutrition. We hypothesize that the presence of anti-gp210 and anti-p62 complex protein antibodies, rather than that of antimitochondrial antibodies, was correlated with the progression of PBC in this particular case.
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Preoperative application of limited cone beam computerized tomography as an assessment tool before minor oral surgery. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2002; 31:322-6. [PMID: 12190141 DOI: 10.1054/ijom.2001.0222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We describe the preoperative application of limited cone beam computerized tomography (CT) using a Dental three-dimensional (3D)-CT as an assessment tool before minor oral surgery. The Dental 3D-CT provided 42.7 mm-high and 30 mm-wide rectangular solid images. This size covered the height of the mandible with standing teeth. Dental 3D-CT clearly demonstrated lesions in the maxillary and mandibular bone. Resorption of the bone due to disease expansion was depicted more clearly on the Dental 3D-CT than on conventional radiographs. Information about lesion location and the relationship between the lesions and their adjacent anatomical structures, such as the mandibular canal and maxillary antrum, was useful for minor oral surgery. Due to its high resolution and low radiation dose, Dental 3D-CT was useful for preoperative examination prior to minor oral surgery.
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31
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Lateral diffusion of plastocyanin in multilamellar mixed-lipid bilayers studied by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching. Biochemistry 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/bi00313a006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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The right retroperitoneal approach on abdominal aortic aneurysm with an isolated left-sided inferior vena cava. Report of a case. THE JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR SURGERY 2002; 43:241-3. [PMID: 11887063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
We report herein the case of a 78-year-old man found to have abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) with an isolated left-sided inferior vena cava (IVC). The patient was admitted to our hospital to undergo surgery for the AAA. The computed tomography revealed the sacular aneurysm of the infrarenal abdominal aorta (60 x 40 mm) and right common iliac aneurysm (30 x 30 mm). At the same time the left sided IVC was found by the CT. This IVC (13 mm wide) ascended 76 mm, dorsally to the ureter, the left side of the AAA from the right common iliac artery to the left renal artery. We performed aneurysmectomy and 20 mm knitted Dacron bifurcating graft replacement by the right retroperitoneal approach without manipulating the left-sided IVC. The procedure was completed without incident and the patient has continued to do well.
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[A successful surgical case of chronic DeBakey IIIb dissecting aortic aneurysm associated with right-sided aortic arch]. KYOBU GEKA. THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF THORACIC SURGERY 2001; 54:1053-7. [PMID: 11712378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
A case of chronic DeBakey IIIb dissecting aneurysm associated with right-sided aortic arch and aberrant left subclavian artery is reported. A 51-year-old man was admitted to our institute for surgical treatment of chronic dissecting aortic aneurysm which occurred 3 years ago. A right posterolateral thoracotomy was made through the 4th intercostal space. Closure of entry was performed under temporary hypothermic circulatory arrest and then, this was followed by plication of false lumen under hypothermic CPB. Post-operative clinical course was uneventful and an intra-venous digital subtraction angiography demonstrated that false lumen in the thorax was completely closed. The patient was discharged from the hospital on 21th POD. Dissecting aortic aneurysm associated with right-sided aortic arch is extremely rare. In operative case, pertinent selection of operative methods considering anatomical diversity is required.
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Abstract
A 21-year-old Japanese woman presented with trismus and spontaneous pain (especially at night) around the left temporomandibular joint. Radiographic examination showed a subcortical sclerosed nodule measuring approximately 8 mm in diameter on the infero-lateral aspect of the left mandibular condyle. Amputation of the condyle was performed under general anesthesia. The patient has been in good condition 8 years postoperatively. The histopathology of the specimen consisted of actively proliferating osteoblasts mixed with an interlacing network of woven bone and osteoid trabeculae. Histopathological diagnosis was osteoid osteoma.
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Significance of chymase-dependent angiotensin II-forming pathway in the development of vascular proliferation. Circulation 2001; 104:1274-9. [PMID: 11551879 DOI: 10.1161/hc3601.094304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular tissues of humans and dogs contain chymase as an angiotensin II-forming enzyme. In this study, we investigated whether chymase-dependent angiotensin II formation plays a crucial role in the development of vascular proliferation in dog grafted veins. METHODS AND RESULTS The right external jugular vein of dogs was grafted to the ipsilateral carotid artery. As a control group, the right external jugular veins in dogs that had not received grafts were used. In the chymase inhibitor-treated group, the vein was infiltrated with 10 micromol/L Suc-Val-Pro-Phe(P)(OPh)(2) and was grafted to the carotid artery. In the placebo-treated group, ACE activity in the grafted veins was significantly lower than that in the control veins up to 7 days after the operation, whereas chymase activity was increased significantly. After 7 days, the mRNA levels of collagen I, collagen III, and fibronectin, all of which are induced by an increase of angiotensin II action, were significantly increased in the grafted veins, and the intima-media ratio of the grafted veins was also increased. In the chymase inhibitor-treated group, the chymase activity in the grafted veins 7 days after the operation was suppressed to 12.1%. The elevated mRNA levels of fibronectin, collagen I, and collagen III in the grafted veins were significantly suppressed by treatment with the chymase inhibitor, and the intima-media ratio was also decreased significantly. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate for the first time that chymase-dependent angiotensin II formation plays an important role in the development of vascular proliferation in the grafted veins.
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[Plication of the sinotubular junction for aneurysm of the ascending aorta associated with aortic regurgitation: a case report]. KYOBU GEKA. THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF THORACIC SURGERY 2001; 54:423-7. [PMID: 11357310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
A 63-year-old woman with aneurysm of the ascending aorta associated with AR due to dilatation of the sinotubular junction (STJ) and with poor LV function, who did not have Marfan syndrome, underwent a plication of the STJ and replacement of the ascending aorta. In operation, we simultaneously performed the plication of dilated STJ (60 mm) and the replacement of ascending aorta using a 26 mm Woven Dacron graft. Post-operative angiogram (1 POM) showed no aortic regurgitation and good recovery of the LV function. This procedure is less invasive, and indicated for patients without significant elongation or thickening of the aortic valve, especially when the patients have higher risk.
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Structural comparison of three types of staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec integrated in the chromosome in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2001; 45:1323-36. [PMID: 11302791 PMCID: PMC90469 DOI: 10.1128/aac.45.5.1323-1336.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 715] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2000] [Accepted: 02/09/2001] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The beta-lactam resistance gene mecA of Staphylococcus aureus is carried by a novel mobile genetic element, designated staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec), identified in the chromosome of a Japanese methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strain. We now report identification of two additional types of mecA-carrying genetic elements found in the MRSA strains isolated in other countries of the world. There were substantial differences in the size and nucleotide sequences between the elements and the SCCmec. However, new elements shared the chromosomal integration site with the SCCmec. Structural analysis of the new elements revealed that they possessed all of the salient features of the SCCmec: conserved terminal inverted repeats and direct repeats at the integration junction points, conserved genetic organization around the mecA gene, and the presence of cassette chromosome recombinase (ccr) genes responsible for the movements of SCCmec. The elements, therefore, were considered to comprise the SCCmec family of staphylococcal mobile genetic elements together with the previously identified SCCmec. Among 38 epidemic MRSA strains isolated in 20 countries, 34 were shown to possess one of the three typical SCCmec elements on the chromosome. Our findings indicated that there are at least three distinct MRSA clones in the world with different types of SCCmec in their chromosome.
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Chloroplastic ascorbate peroxidase is the primary target of methylviologen-induced photooxidative stress in spinach leaves: its relevance to monodehydroascorbate radical detected with in vivo ESR. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2001; 1504:275-87. [PMID: 11245791 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2728(00)00256-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Methylviologen (MV) induces oxidative damages in leaves. In order to understand its mechanism we studied initial biochemical events under light in MV-fed spinach leaves. When isolated chloroplasts were illuminated in the presence of MV, both stromal and thylakoid-bound ascorbate peroxidases (APX) were inactivated rapidly at the same rates, and their inactivation was retarded by ascorbate (AsA) at higher concentrations. Since MV accelerates the photoproduction of O2- in Photosystem (PS) I and simultaneously inhibits the photoreduction of monodehydroascorbate (MDA) to AsA, the inactivation of APX was attributed to the loss of AsA and accumulation of H2O2 in the stroma. Following APX, superoxide dismutase and NADP(+)-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, both of which are vulnerable to H2O2, were inactivated by MV plus light. Dehydroascorbate reductase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, PS II, PS I and ferredoxin-NADP(+) reductase were far less sensitive to the treatment. In the treated leaves, cytosolic APX and guaiacol-specific peroxidase were also inactivated, but slower than chloroplastic APXs were. Catalase was not inactivated. Thus the MV-induced photooxidative damages of leaves are initiated with the inactivation of chloroplastic APXs and develop via the inactivation of other H2O2-sensitive targets. The decay half-life of the MDA signal after a short illumination in the leaves, as determined by in vivo electron spin resonance spectrometry (ESR), was prolonged when the H2O2-scavenging capacity of the leaf cells was abolished by the inactivation of chloroplastic and cytosolic APXs. The measurement of MDA in leaves by ESR, therefore, allows to estimate in vivo cellular capacity to scavenge the photoproduced H2O2.
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[A recurrent case of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia histologically diagnosed as nonspecific interstitial pneumonia group 1]. NIHON KOKYUKI GAKKAI ZASSHI = THE JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE RESPIRATORY SOCIETY 2001; 39:281-6. [PMID: 11481829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
A 59-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of dyspnea. Chest radiography showed infiltration and consolidation in both lung fields. He was clinically diagnosed as having idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP), and histological examination of a thoracoscopic lung biopsy specimen showed nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) group 1. Corticosteroid therapy had previously been effective, but about 1 year later the disease recurred. The patient's clinical condition was very similar to the first episode, and is improving in response to the same treatment again. Although it is generally accepted that patients with IIP diagnosed histologically as NSIP have a good prognosis, it should be remembered that recurrence is possible, even in patients with group 1.
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Chymase-dependent angiotensin II formation in the saphenous vein versus the internal thoracic artery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2001; 121:729-34. [PMID: 11279415 DOI: 10.1067/mtc.2001.112467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The great saphenous vein graft is known to be less patent than the internal thoracic artery graft. Recently, we reported that chymase-dependent angiotensin II formation plays an important role in the development of intimal hyperplasia in dog grafted veins. In this study we investigated the levels of angiotensin II-forming enzymes, angiotensin-converting enzyme, and chymase in human saphenous veins and internal thoracic arteries. METHODS The saphenous vein and internal thoracic artery specimens were obtained from coronary artery bypass grafts of patients during surgical procedures (saphenous vein, n = 16; internal thoracic artery, n = 16). Activities of angiotensin-converting enzyme and chymase were determined by using the extract from the saphenous vein or internal thoracic artery. Sections of the saphenous vein or internal thoracic artery were stained with van Gieson's elastin stain and were immunostained with anti-human chymase antibody. RESULTS The activities of angiotensin-converting enzyme in the saphenous vein and internal thoracic artery were 0.34 +/- 0.12 and 0.32 +/- 0.17 mU/mg protein, respectively, and the difference was not significant. The chymase activity in the saphenous vein was significantly higher than that in the internal thoracic artery (saphenous vein, 10.1 +/- 0.81 mU/mg protein; internal thoracic artery, 6.21 +/- 1.86 mU/mg protein). Chymase-positive cells in the saphenous vein were located in both the media and adventitia, and those in the internal thoracic artery were located only in the adventitia. The number of chymase-positive cells in the saphenous vein was about 2.6 times that in the internal thoracic artery. CONCLUSION The chymase activity, but not the angiotensin-converting enzyme activity, was significantly higher in the saphenous vein, suggesting that the high levels of chymase activity may be related to the poorer performance of the saphenous vein for use as a bypass conduit.
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Intravenous readministration of an adenoviral vector performed long after the initial administration failed to induce re-expression of the original transgene in rats. Int J Oncol 2001; 18:575-80. [PMID: 11179489 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.18.3.575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Although most humans have been exposed to wild-type adenoviruses in their childhood, titers of neutralizing antibodies against viruses decrease with the passage of time. In the present study, we infused adenoviruses carrying the lacZ gene into the tail vein of rats, and re-infused the same adenoviruses long after the initial administration. However, development of neutralizing antibodies against adenovirus and proliferation of adenovirus-specific T cells were elicited profoundly by adenoviral readministration, and transgene expression was not induced in rats. Our results may have important implications for efficacy considerations when adenoviral vectors are employed in clinical settings for the treatment of cancer.
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[Roxithromycin therapy of patients with mycobacterium avium complex lung infection]. THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS 2001; 54 Suppl A:13-5. [PMID: 11436830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
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[Role of angiotensin II-forming pathway in ruptured aortic aneurysms]. NIHON GEKA GAKKAI ZASSHI 2001; 102:243. [PMID: 11260908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
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Abstract
Monodehydroascorbate (MDA) reductase catalyzes the reduction of MDA, the only organic radical substrate for the enzyme reported so far. Here, we show that cucumber MDA reductase is also capable of reducing phenoxyl radicals which are generated by horseradish peroxidase (HRP) with H2O2. The addition of MDA reductase plus NADH suppressed the HRP/H2O2 dependent oxidation of quercetin, accompanied by the oxidation of NADH. The quenching of the quercetin radical by MDA reductase plus NADH was confirmed by ESR. MDA reductase with NADH also suppressed the HRP/H2O2 dependent oxidation of hydroxycinnamates, including ferulic acid, coniferyl alcohol, and chlorogenic acid. Thus, the phenoxyl radicals of plant phenols can be reduced to their respective parent phenols by MDA reductase via a mechanism similar to the reduction of MDA.
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Abstract
We investigated the levels of the angiotensin II-forming enzymes, chymase and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), in dog grafted veins, and studied the effect of an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist, L-158,809, on vascular proliferation in the grafted veins. The right external jugular vein was grafted to the ipsilaterial carotid artery. In the group treated with L-158,809, the drug (10 mg/kg per day, p.o.) were administered orally from 7 days before the operation to 28 days after it, while the others were administrated placebo. In the placebo-treated group, the chymase activity in the grafted veins was increased about 10-fold and the ACE activity was doubled. The areas of intima and media were significantly increased in the grafted veins in the placebo-treated group. L-158,809 significantly reduced the intimal area of the grafted veins. An angiotensin II receptor antagonist, L-158,809, prevented the vascular proliferation in the grafted veins, and the development of the proliferation may depend on activation of local angiotensin II formation.
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Aromatic monoamine-induced immediate oxidative burst leading to an increase in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration in tobacco suspension culture. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2000; 41:1251-8. [PMID: 11092910 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcd052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Aromatic monoamines may contribute to both chemical and physical protection of plants. Addition of phenylethylamine (PEA) and benzylamine to tobacco suspension culture (cell line BY-2) induced a very rapid and transient generation of two active oxygen species (AOS), H2O2 and superoxide anion, both detected with chemiluminescence. Electron spin resonance spectroscopy revealed that hydroxy radicals are also produced. With laser-scanning confocal microscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy and microplate fluorescence reading, intracellular H2O2 production was detected using dichlorofluorescin diacetate as a fluorescent probe. Following AOS production, cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]c) of the tobacco cells, monitored with luminescence of transgenic aequorin, increased and attained to a peak level 12 s after PEA addition. The PEA-induced increase in [Ca2+]c was inhibited by a Ca2+ chelator, Ca2+ antagonists and AOS scavengers, suggesting that PEA-induced AOS triggered a Ca2+ influx across the plasma membrane.
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Phenylethylamine-induced generation of reactive oxygen species and ascorbate free radicals in tobacco suspension culture: mechanism for oxidative burst mediating Ca2+ influx. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2000; 41:1259-66. [PMID: 11092911 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcd053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In the previous paper [Kawano et al. (2000a) Plant Cell Physiol. 41: 1251], we demonstrated that addition of phenylethylamine (PEA) and benzylamine can induce an immediate and transient burst of active oxygen species (AOS) in tobacco suspension culture. Detected AOS include H2O2, superoxide anion and hydroxyl radicals. Use of several inhibitors suggested the presence of monoamine oxidase-like H2O2-generating activity in the cellular soluble fraction. It was also suggested that peroxidase(s) or copper amine oxidase(s) are involved in the extracellular superoxide production as a consequence of H2O2 production. Since more than 85% of the PEA-dependent AOS generating activity was localized in the extracellular space (extracellular fluid + cell wall), extracellularly secreted enzymes, probably peroxidases, may largely contribute to the oxidative burst induced by PEA. The PEA-induced AOS generation was also observed in the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) reaction mixture, supporting the hypothesis that peroxidases catalyze the oxidation of PEA leading to AOS generation. In addition to AOS production, we observed that PEA induced an increase in monodehydroascorbate radicals (MDA) in the cell suspension culture and in HRP reaction mixture using electron spin resonance spectroscopy and the newly invented MDA reductase-coupled method. Here we report that MDA production is an indicator of peroxidase-mediated generation of PEA radical species in tobacco suspension culture.
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Abstract
The water-water cycle in chloroplasts is the photoreduction of dioxygen to water in photosystem I (PS I) by the electrons generated in photosystem II (PS II) from water. In the water-water cycle, the rate of photoreduction of dioxygen in PS I is several orders of magnitude lower than those of the disproportionation of superoxide catalysed by superoxide dismutase, the reduction of hydrogen peroxide to water catalysed by ascorbate peroxidase, and the reduction of the resulting oxidized forms of ascorbate by reduced ferredoxin or catalysed by either dehydroascorbate reductase or monodehydroascorbate reductase. The water-water cycle therefore effectively shortens the lifetimes of photoproduced superoxide and hydrogen peroxide to suppress the production of hydroxyl radicals, their interactions with the target molecules in chloroplasts, and resulting photoinhibition. When leaves are exposed to photon intensities of sunlight in excess of that required to support the fixation of CO2, the intersystem electron carriers are over-reduced, resulting in photoinhibition. Under such conditions, the water-water cycle not only scavenges active oxygens, but also safely dissipates excess photon energy and electrons, in addition to downregulation of PS II and photorespiration. The dual functions of the water-water cycle for protection from photoinhibition under photon excess stress are discussed, along with its functional evolution.
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Magnetic resonance angiography for monitoring prophylactic endoscopic treatment of high risk esophageal varices. Endoscopy 2000; 32:766-72. [PMID: 11068835 DOI: 10.1055/s-2000-7706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS Endoscopic injection sclerotherapy (EIS) and endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL) are used worldwide as the treatment for esophageal varices. We evaluated portal hemodynamics using magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) in these two forms of treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS The study was carried out in 50 cirrhotic patients. MRA was performed to identify the hepatofugal supply vein selectively for esophageal varices. Those who showed a positive MR angiogram for the supply vein were randomly allocated to one of two groups, using the sealed envelope method, and underwent either EIS or EVL. On the other hand, those with a negative angiogram received only EVL. EIS was done to embolize esophageal varices as well as their feeders by intravariceal injection of sclerosant under fluoroscopic guidance. RESULTS A positive MR angiogram of the hepatofugal left gastric vein as the supply vein was observed in 41 patients. Nine patients showed negative MRA results. Among those with positive angiograms, the rate of eradication of the left gastric vein was higher in the EIS-treated group than in the EVL treated group (50% vs. 8.6%). After either treatment, the recurrence-free rate for high risk esophageal varices was higher in patients with complete eradication of the left gastric vein than in those without (88% vs. 35%). In patients with negative angiogram results, who only underwent EVL, high risk esophageal varices did not reappear over a long period. CONCLUSION MRA is useful for evaluating portal hemodynamics. With the aim of avoiding recurrence of esophageal varices, EIS was suitable for patients who had a hepatofugal supply vein for the varices because recurrence could be prevented by embolization of the supply vein. EVL may be expected to be efficacious in patients where no image of a hepatofugal supply vein is found on MRA.
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Antihypertensive effect of valyl-tyrosine, a short chain peptide derived from sardine muscle hydrolyzate, on mild hypertensive subjects. J Hum Hypertens 2000; 14:519-23. [PMID: 10962520 DOI: 10.1038/sj.jhh.1001065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to determine whether Valyl-Tyrosine (VY) has an antihypertensive effect on high-normal blood pressure and mild essential hypertension, as well as spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR). A randomised double-blind placebo-controlled study was carried out on 29 volunteers. A 100-ml drink containing 3 mg of VY and a 100-ml placebo drink were prepared. The subjects were grouped as VY(16M/1F, 45.5 +/- 3.2 years, 146.4 +/- 2.3/90.5 +/- 1.8 mm Hg) and the placebo (P) (11 M/1F, 48.8 +/- 3.0 years, 145.5 +/- 2.4/92.3 +/- 1.8 mm Hg). At 3 weeks of the control (C) period, a VY- or P-drink was administered twice a day for 4 weeks in the experimental (E) period and during the 4-week recovery period, neither drink was given to either group. Blood pressure (BP) was measured every week in the morning in the sitting position. Blood specimens were taken on the last day of the C and E periods. In the VY-group, reduction in systolic (S) and diastolic (D) BP was 9.7 and 5.3 mm Hg (P < 0. 001) at 1 week, and 9.3 and 5.2 mm Hg (P < 0.001) at 4 weeks, following the start of the E period, respectively. Neither SBP nor DBP changed in the P-group. BP in the VY-group increased gradually by the end of the recovery period. Plasma angiotensin (Ang) I and VY concentrations significantly increased while Ang II and aldosterone significantly decreased after VY administration in the VY-group. VY appeared to have a significant antihypertensive effect on mild hypertensive subjects via Ang I-converting enzyme inhibition, as well as SHR, but no adverse effects could be detected at all.
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