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Ferreira de Miranda J, Martins Pereira Belo G, Silva de Lima L, Alencar Silva K, Matsue Uekane T, Gonçalves Martins Gonzalez A, Naciuk Castelo Branco V, Souza Pitangui N, Freitas Fernandes F, Ribeiro Lima A. Arabic coffee infusion based kombucha: Characterization and biological activity during fermentation, and in vivo toxicity. Food Chem 2023; 412:135556. [PMID: 36708672 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In this study, arabic coffee infusion was used to produce a fermented beverage known as kombucha. The physicochemical, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, as well as in vivo toxicity were evaluate throughout 21 days of fermentation. Reduction in pH and sugar levels were observed throughout the fermentation period. There was no significant difference in the content of total phenolic compounds between the unfermented and fermented beverage, nor between the fermentation times, as well as in the antioxidant activity. The 5-caffeoylquinic acid was identified at all fermentation times evaluated, and no significant difference was observed regarding its concentration. It showed antibacterial and antifungal activity against all strains tested. No toxic effect of the beverages was observed in the in vivo model (Galleria mellonella) studied. These results demonstrated that coffee infusion is a possible alternative for kombucha production since the physicochemical changes prove the metabolic activity of Symbiotic Culture of Bacteria and Yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Laís Silva de Lima
- Department of Bromatology, Pharmacy School, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Kelly Alencar Silva
- Department of Bromatology, Pharmacy School, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Thais Matsue Uekane
- Department of Bromatology, Pharmacy School, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | - Nayla Souza Pitangui
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Freitas Fernandes
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Mato Grosso (IFMT), Juína Campus, Linha J, s/n, Setor de Chácaras, CEP: 78320-000, Juína, MT, Brazil
| | - Adriene Ribeiro Lima
- Department of Bromatology, Pharmacy School, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
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de Miranda JF, Ruiz LF, Silva CB, Uekane TM, Silva KA, Gonzalez AGM, Fernandes FF, Lima AR. Kombucha: A review of substrates, regulations, composition, and biological properties. J Food Sci 2022; 87:503-527. [PMID: 35029317 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Kombucha has been gaining prominence around the world and becoming popular due to its good health benefits. This beverage is historically obtained by the tea fermentation of Camellia sinensis and by a biofilm of cellulose containing the symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast (SCOBY). The other substrates added to the C. sinensis tea have also been reported to help kombucha production. The type as well as the amount of sugar substrate, which is the origin of SCOBY, in addition to time and temperature of fermentation influence the content of organic acids, vitamins, total phenolics, and alcoholic content of kombucha. The route involved in the metabolite biotransformation identified in kombucha so far and the microorganisms involved in the process need to be further studied. Some nutritional properties and benefits related to the beverage have already been reported. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities and antidiabetic and anticarcinogenic effects are some of the beneficial effects attributed to kombucha. Nevertheless, scientific literature needs clinical studies to evaluate these benefits in human beings. The toxic effects associated with the consumption of kombucha are still unclear, but due to the possibility of adverse reactions occurring, its consumption is contraindicated in infants and pregnant women, children under 4-years-old, patients with kidney failure, and patients with HIV. The regulations in place for kombucha address a number of criteria, mainly for the pH and alcohol content, in order to guarantee the quality and safety of the beverage as well as to ensure transparency of information for consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Larissa Fernandes Ruiz
- Department of Bromatology, Pharmacy School, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Cíntia Borges Silva
- Department of Bromatology, Pharmacy School, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Thais Matsue Uekane
- Department of Bromatology, Pharmacy School, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Kelly Alencar Silva
- Department of Bromatology, Pharmacy School, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | - Adriene Ribeiro Lima
- Department of Bromatology, Pharmacy School, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
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Fraga JL, da Penha ACB, Akil E, Silva KA, Amaral PFF. Catalytic and physical features of a naturally immobilized Yarrowia lipolytica lipase in cell debris (LipImDebri) displaying high thermostability. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:454. [PMID: 33088651 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02444-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipase activity (337 U/g dry weight of cell debris) was detected in cell debris after ultrasound treatment of Yarrowia lipolytica cells cultivated in residual frying palm oil. It is a naturally immobilized lipase with protein content of 47%, herein called LipImDebri. This immobilized biocatalyst presents low hydrophobicity (8%), that can be increased adjusting pH and buffer type. Despite apparent intact cells, electron microscopy showed a shapeless and flat surface for LipImDebri and optical microscopy revealed no cell viability. Besides, an inferior mean diameter (3.4 mm) in relation to whole cells reveals structure modification. A high negative zeta potential value (- 33.86 mV) for pH 6 and 25 °C suggests that LipImDebri is a stable suspension in aqueous solution. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectra (FTIR) expose differences between LipImDebri and extracellular lipase extract signaling a physical interaction between enzyme and cell debris, which is possibly the reason for the high thermostability (k d = 0.246 h-1; t 1/2 = 2.82 h at 50 °C, pH 7.0). A good adjustment of LipImDebri kinetic data with Hill equation (R 2 = 0.95) exposes an allosteric behavior related to the presence of more than one lipase isoform. These features reveal that LipImDebri can be a good catalyst for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jully Lacerda Fraga
- Departamento de Eng. Bioquímica, Escola de Química, Centro de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Avenida Athos da Silveira Ramos, N° 123, Bloco E, Rio de Janeiro, RJ CEP 21941-900 Brazil
| | - Adrian Chaves Beserra da Penha
- Departamento de Eng. Bioquímica, Escola de Química, Centro de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Avenida Athos da Silveira Ramos, N° 123, Bloco E, Rio de Janeiro, RJ CEP 21941-900 Brazil
| | - Emília Akil
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Nutricional e de Alimentos, Instituto de Química, Centro de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Avenida Athos da Silveira Ramos, N° 149, Bloco A, sala 528A, Rio de Janeiro, RJ CEP 21941-909 Brazil
| | - Kelly Alencar Silva
- Centro de Ciências Médicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Departamento de Bromatologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ 24241-002 Brazil
| | - Priscilla Filomena Fonseca Amaral
- Departamento de Eng. Bioquímica, Escola de Química, Centro de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Avenida Athos da Silveira Ramos, N° 123, Bloco E, Rio de Janeiro, RJ CEP 21941-900 Brazil
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Bittencourt LLDA, Silva KA, de Sousa VP, Fontes-Sant'Ana GC, Rocha-Leão MH. Blueberry Residue Encapsulation by Ionotropic Gelation. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 2018; 73:278-286. [PMID: 30076506 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-018-0685-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In the processing of fruits such as blueberry (Vaccinium sp), that has high levels of phenolic acid, the food industry produces tons of organic waste that causes harm to the environment. Encapsulation is a technique used to take advantage of these wastes. Several methods are used to encapsulate substances, among them ionotropic gelation proves to be a simple, precise, efficient and economical method for obtaining particles with encapsulated bioactives. In this manner, the aim of this study was to test sodium alginate as wall material to encapsulate blueberry residue by ionotropic gelation. The microbeads were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), total phenolic compounds, antioxidant capacity and in vitro dissolution. The results showed that the microbeads had surface invagination; retention of 67.01% of the phenolic compounds after encapsulation and 68.2%, phenolic release 120 min after in vitro dissolution. The results suggest that the tested matrix was suitable for encapsulation. The produced microbeads are promising for applications in food products, once the phenolic compounds present in the blueberry residues were maintained after encapsulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kelly Alencar Silva
- Escola de Química, Centro de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Bloco E / 103 - Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-590, Brazil
| | - Valéria Pereira de Sousa
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Bloco K Sala 050 - Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-590, Brazil
| | - Gizele Cardoso Fontes-Sant'Ana
- Instituto de Química, Departamento de Tecnologia de Processos Bioquímicos, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, R. São Francisco Xavier, 524 - Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20550-013, Brazil
| | - Maria Helena Rocha-Leão
- Escola de Química, Centro de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Bloco E / 103 - Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-590, Brazil
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Sundberg JP, Berndt A, Sundberg BA, Silva KA, Kennedy V, Smith RS, Cooper TK, Schofield PN. Approaches to Investigating Complex Genetic Traits in a Large-Scale Inbred Mouse Aging Study. Vet Pathol 2016; 53:456-67. [PMID: 26936752 PMCID: PMC5297262 DOI: 10.1177/0300985815612556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Inbred mice are a unique model system for studying aging because of the genetic homogeneity within inbred strains, the short life span of mice relative to humans, and the rich array of analytic tools that are available. A large-scale aging study was conducted on 28 inbred strains representing great genetic diversity to determine, via histopathology, the type and diversity of spontaneous diseases that aging mice develop. A total of 20 885 different diagnoses were made, with an average of 12 diagnoses per mouse in the study. Eighteen inbred strains have had their genomes sequenced, and many others have been partially sequenced to provide large repositories of data on genetic variation among the strains. This vast amount of genomic information can be utilized in genome-wide association studies to find candidate genes that are involved in the pathogenesis of spontaneous diseases. As an illustration, this article presents a genome-wide association study of the genetic associations of age-related intestinal amyloidosis, which implicated 3 candidate genes: translocating chain-associated membrane protein 1 (Tram1); splicing factor 3b, subunit 5 (Sf3b5); and syntaxin 11 (Stx11). Representative photomicrographs are available on the Mouse Tumor Biology Database and Pathbase to serve as a reference when evaluating inbred mice used in other genetic or experimental studies to rule out strain background lesions. Many of the age-related mouse diseases are similar, if not identical, to human diseases; therefore, the genetic discoveries have direct translational benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A Berndt
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - K A Silva
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
| | - V Kennedy
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
| | - R S Smith
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
| | - T K Cooper
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Department of Pathology, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - P N Schofield
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA Department of Physiology, Development, and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Silva KA, Santos JMFF, Andrade JR, Lima EN, Albuquerque UP, Ferraz EMN, Araújo EL. The influence of microhabitat on the population dynamics of four herbaceous species in a semiarid area of northeastern Brazil. BRAZ J BIOL 2016; 76:45-54. [PMID: 26909622 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.10014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Variation in annual rainfall is considered the most important factor influencing population dynamics in dry environments. However, different factors may control population dynamics in different microhabitats. This study recognizes that microhabitat variation may attenuate the influence of climatic seasonality on the population dynamics of herbaceous species in dry forest (Caatinga) areas of Brazil. We evaluated the influence of three microhabitats (flat, rocky and riparian) on the population dynamics of four herbaceous species (Delilia biflora, Commelina obliqua, Phaseolus peduncularis and Euphorbia heterophylla) in a Caatinga (dry forest) fragment at the Experimental Station of the Agronomic Research Institute of Pernambuco in Brazil, over a period of three years. D. biflora, C. obliqua and P. peduncularis were found in all microhabitats, but they were present at low densities in the riparian microhabitat. There was no record of E. heterophylla in the riparian microhabitat. Population size, mortality rates and natality rates varied over time in each microhabitat. This study indicates that different establishment conditions influenced the population size and occurrence of the four species, and it confirms that microhabitat can attenuate the effect of drought stress on mortality during the dry season, but the strength of this attenuator role may vary with time and species.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Silva
- Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil
| | - J M F F Santos
- Laboratório de Ecologia Vegetal dos Ecossistemas Naturais, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - J R Andrade
- Laboratório de Ecologia Vegetal dos Ecossistemas Naturais, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - E N Lima
- Universidade Federal do Piauí, Bom Jesus, PI, Brazil
| | - U P Albuquerque
- Laboratório de Ecologia Vegetal dos Ecossistemas Naturais, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - E M N Ferraz
- Laboratório Sala Verde, Instituto Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - E L Araújo
- Laboratório de Ecologia Vegetal dos Ecossistemas Naturais, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
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Santos JMFF, Santos DM, Lopes CGR, Silva KA, Sampaio EVSB, Araújo EL. Natural regeneration of the herbaceous community in a semiarid region in Northeastern Brazil. Environ Monit Assess 2013; 185:8287-8302. [PMID: 23572402 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-013-3173-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to describe and compare the interannual changes in the diversity and population structure of herbaceous plants in an anthropogenic area that has been regenerating for 15 years and to identify the similarities and differences in the biological attributes of the community compared with the characteristics of a regenerating conserved area. In total, 105 plots measuring 1 m(2) were established. In each plot, the herbaceous plants were identified, and their height and stem diameter were measured for two consecutive years. The herbaceous flora of the anthropogenic area was represented by 86 species in 70 genera and 27 families, and there were no significant differences in the average richness between years. The conserved area was represented by 71 species in 63 genera and 35 families, and there was a significant difference in the total richness between areas and between years, except when comparing the richness between the conserved area and the anthropogenic area during the second year. Considering both the anthropogenic and conserved areas, 123 herbaceous species were listed, and the similarity between areas was 60 %. For the anthropogenic area, the floristic similarity between years was 95 %, and in the fragment of the conserved area, the similarity was 74 %. The diversity and density were significantly different between years and between areas. Given these results, this study suggests that 15 years of natural regeneration for the caatinga is not sufficient to reestablish its native flora with respect to its herbaceous component.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M F F Santos
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Botânica, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Av. Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n Dois Irmãos, 52171-900, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
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Berndt A, Sundberg BA, Silva KA, Kennedy VE, Richardson MA, Li Q, Bronson RT, Uitto J, Sundberg JP. Phenotypic characterization of the KK/HlJ inbred mouse strain. Vet Pathol 2013; 51:846-57. [PMID: 24009271 DOI: 10.1177/0300985813501335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Detailed histopathological diagnoses of inbred mouse strains are important for interpreting research results and defining novel models of human diseases. The aim of this study was to histologically detect lesions affecting the KK/HlJ inbred strain. Mice were examined at 6, 12, and 20 months of age and near natural death (ie, moribund mice). Histopathological lesions were quantified by percentage of affected mice per age group and sex. Predominant lesions were mineralization, hyperplasia, and fibro-osseous lesions. Mineralization was most frequently found in the connective tissue dermal sheath of vibrissae, the heart, and the lung. Mineralization was also found in many other organs but to a lesser degree. Hyperplasia was found most commonly in the pancreatic islets, and fibro-osseous lesions were observed in several bones. The percentage of lesions increased with age until 20 months. This study shows that KK/HlJ mice demonstrate systemic aberrant mineralization, with greatest frequency in aged mice. The detailed information about histopathological lesions in the inbred strain KK/HlJ can help investigators to choose the right model and correctly interpret the experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Berndt
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - K A Silva
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
| | | | - M A Richardson
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Q Li
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - J Uitto
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Abstract
Eccrine sweat glands in the mouse are found only on the footpads and, when mature, resemble human eccrine glands. Eccrine gland anlagen were first apparent at 16.5 days postconception (DPC) in mouse embryos as small accumulations of cells in the mesenchymal tissue beneath the developing epidermis resembling hair follicle placodes. These cells extended into the dermis where significant cell organization, duct development, and evidence of the acrosyringium were observed in 6- to 7-postpartum day (PPD) mice. Mouse-specific keratin 1 (K1) and 10 (K10) expression was confined to the strata spinosum and granulosum. In 16.5 and 18.5 DPC embryos, K14 and K17 were both expressed in the stratum basale and diffusely in the gland anlagen. K5 expression closely mimicked K17 throughout gland development. K6 expression was not observed in the developing glands of the embryo but was apparent in the luminal cell layer of the duct by 6 to 7 PPD. By 21 PPD, the gland apertures appeared as depressions in the surface surrounded by cornified squames, and the footpad surface lacked the organized ridge and crease system seen in human fingers. These data serve as a valuable reference for investigators who use genetically engineered mice for skin research.
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Affiliation(s)
- D K Taylor
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME 04609-1500, USA
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10
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Sundberg
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME 04609-1500, USA.
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Carneiro-Júnior MA, Pelúzio MCG, Silva CHO, Amorim PRS, Silva KA, Souza MO, Castro CA, Roman-Campos D, Prímola-Gomes TN, Natali AJ. Exercise training and detraining modify the morphological and mechanical properties of single cardiac myocytes obtained from spontaneously hypertensive rats. Braz J Med Biol Res 2010; 43:1042-6. [PMID: 21049244 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2010007500117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2010] [Accepted: 10/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We determined the effects of exercise training and detraining on the morphological and mechanical properties of left ventricular myocytes in 4-month-old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) randomly divided into the following groups: sedentary for 8 weeks (SED-8), sedentary for 12 weeks (SED-12), treadmill-running trained for 8 weeks (TRA, 16 m/min, 60 min/day, 5 days/week), and treadmill-running trained for 8 weeks followed by 4 weeks of detraining (DET). At sacrifice, left ventricular myocytes were isolated enzymatically, and resting cell length, width, and cell shortening after stimulation at a frequency of 1 Hz (~25°C) were measured. Cell length was greater in TRA than in SED-8 (161.30 ± 1.01 vs 156.10 ± 1.02 μm, P < 0.05, 667 vs 618 cells, respectively) and remained larger after detraining. Cell width and volume were unaffected by either exercise training or detraining. Cell length to width ratio was higher in TRA than in SED-8 (8.50 ± 0.08 vs 8.22 ± 0.10, P < 0.05) and was maintained after detraining. Exercise training did not affect cell shortening, which was unchanged with detraining. TRA cells exhibited higher maximum velocity of shortening than SED-8 (102.01 ± 4.50 vs 82.01 ± 5.30 μm/s, P < 0.05, 70 cells per group), with almost complete regression after detraining. The maximum velocity of relengthening was higher in TRA cells than in SED-8 (88.20 ± 4.01 vs70.01 ± 4.80 μm/s, P < 0.05), returning to sedentary values with detraining. Therefore, exercise training affected left ventricle remodeling in SHR towards eccentric hypertrophy, which remained after detraining. It also improved single left ventricular myocyte contractile function, which was reversed by detraining.
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Sundberg JP, Taylor D, Lorch G, Miller J, Silva KA, Sundberg BA, Roopenian D, Sperling L, Ong D, King LE, Everts H. Primary follicular dystrophy with scarring dermatitis in C57BL/6 mouse substrains resembles central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia in humans. Vet Pathol 2010; 48:513-24. [PMID: 20861494 DOI: 10.1177/0300985810379431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A number of C57BL/6 (B6) substrains are commonly used by scientists for basic biomedical research. One of several B6 strain-specific background diseases is focal alopecia that may resolve or progress to severe, ulcerative dermatitis. Clinical and progressive histologic changes of skin disease commonly observed in C57BL/6J and preliminary studies in other closely related substrains are presented. Lesions develop due to a primary follicular dystrophy with rupture of severely affected follicles leading to formation of secondary foreign body granulomas (trichogranulomas) in affected B6 substrains of mice. Histologically, these changes resemble the human disease called central centrifugal cicatrical alopecia (CCCA). Four B6 substrains tested have a polymorphism in alcohol dehydrogenase 4 (Adh4) that reduces its activity and potentially affects removal of excess retinol. Using immunohistochemistry, differential expression of epithelial retinol dehydrogenase (DHRS9) was detected, which may partially explain anecdotal reports of frequency differences between B6 substrains. The combination of these 2 defects has the potential to make high dietary vitamin A levels toxic in some B6 substrains while not affecting most other commonly used inbred strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Sundberg
- DVM, PhD, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609-1500, USA.
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13
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Abstract
BACKGROUND All AKR/J mice have a subtle defect that involves malformation of the central portion of hair fibres that is best visualized under white and polarized light microscopy. AIMS This study sought to characterize the clinical and ultrastructural features of the hair interior defect (HID) phenotype and to determine the chromosomal localization of the hid mutant gene locus. METHODS White and polarized light microscopy combined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to characterize the HID phenotype. Complementation testing and gene-linkage studies were performed to map the locus. RESULTS Using SEM, the hair-fibre structure on the surface was found to be similar to hairs obtained from normal BALB/cByJ+/+and C57BL/6 J+/+mice. There were also no differences in sulphur content. TEM revealed degenerative changes in the medulla similar to that seen by light microscopy. This autosomal recessive mutation is called HID (locus symbol: hid). We mapped the hid locus to the distal end of mouse chromosome 1. No genes reported to cause skin or hair abnormalities are known to be within this interval except for the lamin B receptor (Lbr), which had been excluded previously as the cause of the hid phenotype in AKR/J mice. CONCLUSION A potentially novel gene or known gene with a novel phenotype resides within this interval, which may shed light on human diseases with defects in the inner structure of the hair fibre.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Giehl
- Department of Dermatology, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
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Mikaelian I, Hovick M, Silva KA, Burzenski LM, Shultz LD, Ackert-Bicknell CL, Cox GA, Sundberg JP. Expression of terminal differentiation proteins defines stages of mouse mammary gland development. Vet Pathol 2006; 43:36-49. [PMID: 16407485 DOI: 10.1354/vp.43-1-36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Immunohistochemical analysis using paraffin-embedded specimens is the method of choice to evaluate protein expression at a cellular level while preserving tissue architecture in normal and neoplastic tissues. Current knowledge of the expression of terminal differentiation markers in the mouse mammary gland relies on the evaluation of frozen tissues by use of immunofluorescence. We assessed changes in patterns of expression of terminal differentiation markers throughout the development of the mouse mammary gland in paraffin-embedded tissues. The expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA) and keratins (K) 5, 8/18, and 14 was influenced by the development stage of the mammary gland. Expression of K5 and SMA was restricted to basal cells. Keratin 14 was consistently expressed by mammary basal cells, and was detected in scattered luminal cells from 13.5 days after conception through puberty. Labeling for K8/18 of luminal cells was heterogeneous at all times. Heterogeneous expression patterns in luminal cells suggest this layer has cells with a variety of biological functions. The absence of K6 expression at any stage of the development of the mammary gland was confirmed by use of reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis, which indicates that this intermediate filament is not a marker of the mammary gland stem cell. Finally, consistent with results of earlier studies, keratins 1, 10, 13, and 15, and filaggrin, involucrin, and loricrin were not detected at any stage of mammary gland development.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Mikaelian
- Igor Mikaelian, Box #98, The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME 04609-1500, USA.
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Silva KA. The trip. RN 1970; 33:56-66. [PMID: 5202657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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