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Malona J, Chuaqui C, Seletsky BM, Beebe L, Cantin S, Kalken DVAN, Fahnoe K, Wang Z, Browning B, Szabo H, Koopman LA, Oravecz T, McDonald JJ, Ramirez-Valle F, Gaur R, Mensah KA, Thomas M, Connarn JN, Hu H, Alexander MD, Corin AF. Discovery of CC-99677, a selective targeted covalent MAPKAPK2 (MK2) inhibitor for autoimmune disorders. Transl Res 2022; 249:49-73. [PMID: 35691544 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2022.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
As an anti-inflammatory strategy, MAPK-activated protein kinase-2 (MK2) inhibition can potentially avoid the clinical failures seen for direct p38 inhibitors, especially tachyphylaxis. CC-99677, a selective targeted covalent MK2 inhibitor, employs a rare chloropyrimidine that bonds to the sulfur of cysteine 140 in the ATP binding site via a nucleophilic aromatic substitutions (SNAr) mechanism. This irreversible mechanism translates biochemical potency to cells shown by potent inhibition of heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) phosphorylation in LPS-activated monocytic THP-1 cells. The cytokine inhibitory profile of CC-99677 differentiates it from known p38 inhibitors, potentially suppressing a p38 pathway inflammatory response while avoiding tachyphylaxis. Dosed orally, CC-99677 is efficacious in a rat model of ankylosing spondylitis. Single doses, 3 to 400 mg, in healthy human volunteers show linear pharmacokinetics and apparent sustained tumor necrosis factor-α inhibition, with a favorable safety profile. These results support further development of CC-99677 for autoimmune diseases like ankylosing spondylitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lisa Beebe
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey
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- Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey
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Liu H, Niu D, Tham Sjin RT, Dubrovskiy A, Zhu Z, McDonald JJ, Fahnoe K, Wang Z, Munson M, Scholte A, Barrague M, Fitzgerald M, Liu J, Kothe M, Sun F, Murtie J, Ge J, Rocnik J, Harvey D, Ospina B, Perron K, Zheng G, Shehu E, D’Agostino LA. Discovery of Selective, Covalent FGFR4 Inhibitors with Antitumor Activity in Models of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:1899-1904. [PMID: 33062171 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for a majority of primary liver cancer and is one of the most common forms of cancer worldwide. Aberrant signaling of the FGF19-FGFR4 pathway leads to HCC in mice and is hypothesized to be a driver in FGF19 amplified HCC in humans. Multiple small molecule inhibitors have been pursued as targeted therapies for HCC in recent years, including several selective FGFR4 inhibitors that are currently being evaluated in clinical trials. Herein, we report a novel series of highly selective, covalent 2-amino-6,8-dimethyl-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7(8H)-ones that potently and selectively inhibit FGFR4 signaling through covalent modification of Cys552, which was confirmed by X-ray crystallography. Correlative target occupancy and pFGFR4 inhibition were observed in vivo, as well as tumor regression in preclinical models of orthotopic and sorafenib-resistant HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Liu
- Departments of Chemistry, Biology, and Biochemistry, Bristol Myers Squibb, 200 Cambridge Park Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, United States
| | - Deqiang Niu
- Departments of Chemistry, Biology, and Biochemistry, Bristol Myers Squibb, 200 Cambridge Park Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, United States
| | - Robert Tjin Tham Sjin
- Departments of Chemistry, Biology, and Biochemistry, Bristol Myers Squibb, 200 Cambridge Park Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, United States
| | - Alex Dubrovskiy
- Departments of Chemistry, Biology, and Biochemistry, Bristol Myers Squibb, 200 Cambridge Park Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, United States
| | - Zhendong Zhu
- Departments of Chemistry, Biology, and Biochemistry, Bristol Myers Squibb, 200 Cambridge Park Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, United States
| | - Joseph J. McDonald
- Departments of Chemistry, Biology, and Biochemistry, Bristol Myers Squibb, 200 Cambridge Park Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, United States
| | - Kelly Fahnoe
- Departments of Chemistry, Biology, and Biochemistry, Bristol Myers Squibb, 200 Cambridge Park Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, United States
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Departments of Chemistry, Biology, and Biochemistry, Bristol Myers Squibb, 200 Cambridge Park Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, United States
| | - Mark Munson
- Departments of Integrated Drug Discovery, DMPK, and Pharmacology, Sanofi, 153 Second Avenue, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Andrew Scholte
- Departments of Integrated Drug Discovery, DMPK, and Pharmacology, Sanofi, 153 Second Avenue, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Matthieu Barrague
- Departments of Integrated Drug Discovery, DMPK, and Pharmacology, Sanofi, 153 Second Avenue, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Maria Fitzgerald
- Departments of Integrated Drug Discovery, DMPK, and Pharmacology, Sanofi, 153 Second Avenue, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Jinyu Liu
- Departments of Integrated Drug Discovery, DMPK, and Pharmacology, Sanofi, 153 Second Avenue, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Michael Kothe
- Departments of Integrated Drug Discovery, DMPK, and Pharmacology, Sanofi, 153 Second Avenue, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Fangxian Sun
- Departments of Integrated Drug Discovery, DMPK, and Pharmacology, Sanofi, 153 Second Avenue, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Joshua Murtie
- Departments of Integrated Drug Discovery, DMPK, and Pharmacology, Sanofi, 153 Second Avenue, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Jie Ge
- Departments of Integrated Drug Discovery, DMPK, and Pharmacology, Sanofi, 153 Second Avenue, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Jennifer Rocnik
- Departments of Integrated Drug Discovery, DMPK, and Pharmacology, Sanofi, 153 Second Avenue, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Darren Harvey
- Departments of Integrated Drug Discovery, DMPK, and Pharmacology, Sanofi, 153 Second Avenue, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Beatriz Ospina
- Departments of Integrated Drug Discovery, DMPK, and Pharmacology, Sanofi, 153 Second Avenue, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Keli Perron
- Departments of Integrated Drug Discovery, DMPK, and Pharmacology, Sanofi, 153 Second Avenue, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Gang Zheng
- Departments of Integrated Drug Discovery, DMPK, and Pharmacology, Sanofi, 153 Second Avenue, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Elvis Shehu
- Departments of Integrated Drug Discovery, DMPK, and Pharmacology, Sanofi, 153 Second Avenue, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Laura Akullian D’Agostino
- Departments of Chemistry, Biology, and Biochemistry, Bristol Myers Squibb, 200 Cambridge Park Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, United States
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Heaslet H, Harris M, Fahnoe K, Sarver R, Putz H, Chang J, Subramanyam C, Barreiro G, Miller JR. Structural comparison of chromosomal and exogenous dihydrofolate reductase from Staphylococcus aureus in complex with the potent inhibitor trimethoprim. Proteins 2009; 76:706-17. [PMID: 19280600 DOI: 10.1002/prot.22383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) is the enzyme responsible for the NADPH-dependent reduction of 5,6-dihydrofolate to 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate, an essential cofactor in the synthesis of purines, thymidylate, methionine, and other key metabolites. Because of its importance in multiple cellular functions, DHFR has been the subject of much research targeting the enzyme with anticancer, antibacterial, and antimicrobial agents. Clinically used compounds targeting DHFR include methotrexate for the treatment of cancer and diaminopyrimidines (DAPs) such as trimethoprim (TMP) for the treatment of bacterial infections. DAP inhibitors of DHFR have been used clinically for >30 years and resistance to these agents has become widespread. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), the causative agent of many serious nosocomial and community acquired infections, and other gram-positive organisms can show resistance to DAPs through mutation of the chromosomal gene or acquisition of an alternative DHFR termed "S1 DHFR." To develop new therapies for health threats such as MRSA, it is important to understand the molecular basis of DAP resistance. Here, we report the crystal structure of the wild-type chromosomal DHFR from S. aureus in complex with NADPH and TMP. We have also solved the structure of the exogenous, TMP resistant S1 DHFR, apo and in complex with TMP. The structural and thermodynamic data point to important molecular differences between the two enzymes that lead to dramatically reduced affinity of DAPs to S1 DHFR. These differences in enzyme binding affinity translate into reduced antibacterial activity against strains of S. aureus that express S1 DHFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Heaslet
- Lead Development Technologies, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, USA.
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