Prognostic value of pre-transplantation total metabolic tumor volume on 18fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography in relapsed and refractory aggressive lymphoma

Relapsed and refractory aggressive lymphoma have a poor prognosis. High-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto-HSCT) is effective in chemosensitive patients. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is among the few options for non-chemosensitive patients. ¹⁸Fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography (¹⁸FDG-PET/CT) is the standard tool for evaluating response to chemotherapy and residual tumor volume. However, accurate assessment of residual tumor volume is not currently being achieved in clinical practice, and its value in prognostic and therapeutic stratification remains unclear. To answer this question, we investigated the efficacy of quantitative indicators, including total metabolic tumor volume (TMTV), in predicting prognosis after auto-HSCT and allo-HSCT. We retrospectively analyzed 39 patients who received auto-HSCT and 28 who received allo-HSCT. In the auto-HSCT group, patients with a higher TMTV had a poor prognosis due to greater risk of relapse. In the allo-HSCT group, patients with a higher TMTV had a lower progression-free survival rate and a significantly higher relapse rate. Neither Deauville score nor other clinical parameters were associated with prognosis in either group. Therefore, pre-transplant TMTV on PET is effective for prognostic prediction and therapeutic decision-making for relapsed or refractory aggressive lymphoma.

Late relapse of acute myelogenous leukemia followed by epstein-barr virus-associated lymphoproliferative disease 11 years after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) following myeloablative conditioning represents the treatment of choice for patients with chemotherapy-resistant leukemia. We describe a 49-year-old man with advanced, refractory acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) that was treated successfully by allogeneic bone marrow transplantation from a sibling donor with HLA mismatched at 1 locus. However, the patient developed a quiescent form of chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) 7 years after transplantation, requiring long-term immunosuppressive therapy. AML relapse was documented 11 years after transplantation. Subsequently, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) was also diagnosed. Immune reconstitution after allo-HSCT might have been impaired by the persistent chronic GVHD and the prolonged administration of immunosuppressive agents. As a result, immune surveillance against remaining quiescent leukemic cells as well as viral infection may have been defective, leading to the relapse of leukemia and EBV-associated PTLD.

Hypogammaglobulinaemia in a patient with ring chromosome 21

An 8 year old boy with ring chromosome 21 who was susceptible to sinorespiratory infections due to hypogammaglobulinaemia is reported. He presented with the characteristic features of monosomy 21 syndrome, such as psychomotor retardation, hypertonia, large saccular ears, prominent nasal bridge, micrognathia, thrombocytopenia, and patent ductus arteriosus. His serum IgG concentration was less than 1.5 g/l at 3 years and 6 months of age after repeated hospitalisations with pneumonia, otitis media, and convulsions. Regular replacement of intravenous gammaglobulin effectively reduced such infectious episodes. A predisposition to infection in patients with ring chromosome 21 may be explained by hypogammaglobulinaemia and merit treatment with gammaglobulin.